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A. C. EDWARDS, Inc.
The Oldest Agency for Miles Around
Est. 1865 Phone 107 Sayville
SUBJECT PAGE
Air Raids, Fires, Incendiaries, Bombs ................. .....4-5
What To Do In An Air Raid
How To Handle Fires, Incendiaries,
Unexploded Bombs.
Air Raid Shelters.....
Protection
Construction
Shelters in Existing Buildings.
Blackout ......................................... ..........................
How To Blackout
Hf\w To Act Outdoors During A Blackout
Civilian Home Cooperat.ion............... ............................ .12
Save - Simplify - Substitute
Take Part in Civilian Defense
Insignia and Duties of Civilian Volunteers..... ......10-11
Physical Fitness............. .............."......... .....12
Nutrition
Daily Defense Diet
Practical First Aid.................
General Rule~ for Emergencies
Special Instructions. .... ......... ....... ....... .... ................... ..13-14
Apa.rtments and Hotels
Office Buildings
Factories and Industrial Premises
Schools
Department Stores
Conclusion ....... ...... .... .... .......... .......... .......... ......... .... ..... ..... ..15
CONTENTS
.................6-7-8
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...................................9
Acknowledgement.
To the U. S. Government Division of Civilian Defense
Division of State and Local Coopemtion Office of
Emergency M<lnagement, Department 01 Health, British
Library of Information, American Red Cross.
PUBLISHED BY ROEBLEE CO., ATLANTIC CITY, N. I.
BLACKOUT
HOW TO BLACKOUT
If enemy planes come over, put out or cover lights
at once - don't wait for blackout order.
If you have portieres. over drapes or curtains, ar-
range a double thickness over your windows.
Blankets will do. If you have heavy black paper,
paste it on your windows. Don't crowd or stampede
stores to get it. however. You probably have every-
thing you need at home. Be ingenious - improvise.
HOW TO ACT OUTDOORS DURING A BLACKOUT
Wear blackout apparel- the British have found
the following most useful:
1. Luminous or reflecting gadgets such as belt
buckles. lapel and hat ornaments and buttons.
2.. White raincoats, scarfs. or trimming on cloth-
ing.
3. Women often wear anklets and bracelets with
small tinkling bells attached.
FlaShlights-~IWaYs carry. ~ use. NEVER tilt
them up (can les are visible miles in the air.)
Walk looking down so you can see blackout mark-
ings on the street.
SUGtlESTED METHODS FOR BLACKING OUT
WINDOWS AND J)()ORWAY8
Jl
,W
1.
WINDOW BLACKOUT LIGHT-LOCK FOR DOORWAYS
Double drape. lacked on .ide. Li'lhl 'llow blacked out by partition.
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AIR RAIDS
INCENDIARIES
WHAT TO DO IN AN AIR RAID
INDOORS:
Remain indoors (whether at home or notl.
Blackout.
Turn off all electric. water, gas and other appliances.
Do not turn off main switches.
Keep a dishpan and buckets full of water handy
Un case of broken mains): Also sand for incen-
diaries.
A void top and bottom stories of buildings, generally.
Center floors are safest unless otherwise notified.
Stay away from windows. Safest place is under
tables or heavy furniture.
Do not use elevators.
OUTDOORS:
Seek the nearest indoor shelter.
If no shelter or admittance to building is possible,
stay close to corners of buildings or lie flat on
ground close to a wall.
If in an open place. lie flat on the ground.
IF DRIVING:
Stop - tUfn out lights.
Park as close to curb as possible - avoid blocking
narrow streets. hydrants, Police and Fire Stations.
etc.
HAVE
WAnR
4
c~~
THESE
ON
HAND
FLAS~
~
LUMINOUS PAINT
FIRES
UNEXPLODED BOMBS
INCENDIARIES
If an incendiary bomb falls, wait approximately
two minutes to allow any high explosives that may
be present to go off. then play a fine spray of
water on it. A jet splash, stream or bucket of
water will make it explode. The bomb will burn
for about fifteen minutes if left alone. Only about
two minutes under a fine water spray. Switch to
a stream to put out any fire started by the bomb,
but back to a fine spray for the bomb itsdf. Sand
is also good for incendiaries.
FIRES
Under raid conditions. keep water on hand as
above. If you have a soda-and-acid extinguisher
(the kind you turn upside down) use it ",ith your
finger over the nozzle to make a spray. Don't use
the chemical fire extinguisher on bombs - it's all
right for ordinary fires.
UNEXPLODED BOMBS
If unexploded bombs fall, notify nearest authority
at once to call the regular bomb removal squads.
Don't handle it yourself.
FOR
AIR-RAID
SH'!!E:~
~RSTAID KIT
~
PROTECTION
~
GARDEN HOSE
j;=;L 5
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
FOR AIR RAID SHH TERS
PROTECTION - With few exceptions shelters do not
protect against a direct hit. The effects of a bomb are
pressure, suction, earth shock and fragmentation. The
following substances are proof against the fragments
of a 500 pound bomb at 50 feet:
Steel plate 1'!/z"
Brick wall 13"
Plain concrete 15"
Reinforced concrete 12"
Specially reinforced concrete 10"
Sand. earth - not less than 2' 6"
Gravel and stones between wood sheathing or corro-
gated iron 2'
CONSTRUCTION
At least two exits since one may 'be barred by debris.
Larger structures should have a means of allowing
passage inside without permitting gas to enter.
(a) Double sets of doors. heavy, gas~tight.
(b) In improvised shelters doors should be weath-
er-stripped' keyholes plugged.
(c) Heavy blankets over door openings afford
some protection.
Shelter entrance should provide for decontamination
- persons exposed to persistent gases wash. change
clothing before entering.
Ventilation - Persons in a hermetically sealed room
require minimum of 35 cubic feet of air per person,
per hour. .
In any but an emergency shelter. lavoratories and
toilet accommodations should be provi~ed.
Each shelter should be equipped with food. crow-
bars. picks and shovels for digging out. first aid kits.
supplies of clean clothing and bins for contaminated
~Iothin.lt. telephones in larger shelters. radio.
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SHELTERS IN EXISTING BUILDINGS
MODERN office, factory and apartment buildings of
more than 4: stories, usually offer suitable locations for
shelters within the building - steel or concrete rela-
tively safe from anything but direct hit.
REFUGE ROOMS should have ceilings strengthened
to support any debris loads. Windows and doors should
be reinforced with concrete, brick or in emergency.
sand bags. Preferably no gas or steam conduits should
enter or pass through room.
BASEMENTS in some buildings are suitable. Offer
good protection from blast, splinters and light bombs.
Danger - gas in low levels, weight of debris. water and
sewer mains bursting, fire.
IN SOME STEEL OR CONCRETE BUILDINGS inter-
mediate floors - 2nd or 3rd floor in 8 story building
- well suited. They avoid many dangers listed above
under basements.
IN LARGE BUILDINGS, construct several small rather
than one large shelter. Corridors. staircases. base-
ments with at least one emergency exit that does not
open into the building, are good.
NON-FIREPROOF BUILDINGS should not be used
for shelter unless no other protection available. Re-
move inflammables, provide fire-fighting equipment.
IN SELECTING SHELTER ROOMS. consider possi-
bility of heavy loads faIling onto shelter as a result
of destruction of supporting members.
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PRACTICAL FIRST AID
KEEP PATIENT LYING DOWN - Do not move him
unless absolutely necessary.
1. Make patient comfortable with head level, until
it's determined that injury is not serious. This will
prevent fainting and shock.
L 0 0 K FOR hemorrhage, stoppage of breathing,
wounds. burns, fractures. dislocations. etc. Be sure
all injuries are located.
1. Rip off enough clothing to get clelU." idea of ex-
tent of injury.
2. Serious bleeding, stoppage of breathing, take pre-
cedence in this order over everything else and de-
mand immediate treatment.
KEEP PATIENT WARM:
1. \\'rap patient on underside and cover him over.
2. If breathing has stopped, artificial respiration is
immediate treatment.
FEEL THE PATIENT'S PULSE - Remember that
failure to find a pulse is not an indication of death.
CALL A PHYSICIAN OR AMBULANCE - Give:
1. Location of injured person.
2. Nature, cause and probable extent of injury, and
supplies available at scene of accident.
3. What first aid is being given.
NEVER give an unconscious person water or other
liquid as it may strangle him.
1. If the injured is conscious, give him aU the
water he wants but give it slowly.
2. Whiskey and brandy are not proper first aid
stimulants. They may cause considerable harm.
3. Diluted Aromatic Spirits of Ammonia, bot tea
and coffee are very satisfactory.
4. No stimulants for severe bleeding, suspected in-
ternal bleeding or head injury.
A VOID letting the patient see his Injury and be sure
nothing is done to cause further injury.
NOTIFY THE PATIENT'S FAMILY where he is. 9
INSIGNIA & DUTIES OF CIVILIAN VOLUNTEERS
AIR RAID WARDENS:
1. Enforce blackout precautions.
e 2. Direct people to shelters.
3. Report falling bombs 10 control center.
4. Report and assist in fighting fires and
incendiary bombs.
S. Detect and report the presence of gas.
S. Administer elementary lirst aid.
7. Assist victims in damaged buildings.
AUXILIARY POLICE:
1. Enlorce restrictions on lighting and Ires-
e passing.
_ 2. Guard docks. bridges and IQctories
... against sabotage.
3. Traffic duty.
4. Prevent looting.
5. Assist in air raid protection services.
BOMB SQUADS:
o
MEDICAL CORPS:
e
1. Remove delayed aclion or bombs thai
have failed to explode to a: saie place
where they may be exploded without
harm.
I. Upon receiving word from tbe control
center, medkal emergency squads. com-
posed of physicians. nurses, and nursing
auxiliaries. proceed to scenes of disaster
and set up casualty stations.
RESCUE SQUADS:
Q
I. Rescue persons trapped in debris, ren-
der emergency first aid. and shut oU
broken gas. electric and water lines.
NURSES' AIDES CORPS:
e 1. Assist regular nurses. Spedal Red
Cross training is necessary. Trained mem-
. bers of First Aid Corps of industrial plants.
business organizations Or state and .muni-
dpal departments. may also wear the
Red Cross.
10
e
AUXILIARY FIREMEN:
I. Assist the regular lire-fighting forces.
MESSENGERS:
Q)
1. Are assigned 10 air raid warden posts,
control and message centers. hospitals.
lirst aid posts. fire stations god police
piedncts.
EMERGENCY FOOD AND HOUSING CORPS:
6) I. Weller. department has general re-
sponsibility but qualiJied women are also
r enrolled. Food and shelter are provided
for disasler homeless.
DECONTAMINATION CORPS:
e 1. In case of gas aUack, tbis corp. pro-
vides spedal treatment for clothing. and
~ eqldpmenl. and lor chemical neutralization
oj contaminated streets and walls. Special
training and equipment needed for this
work.
DEMOLITION AND CLEARANCE CREWS:
~ 1. Remove rubble frOt::l streets, and fill
, I . craters made by bombs or broken pave_
...J.... menls.
2. Dynamite unsafe waUs and buildings.
FIRE WATCHERS:
e 1. Durio9 air IQids. walchers lake up
~ posts on roofs, ill: doorways, and 01 other
.. vantage poinls in order 10 spot and reach
lallen bombs quickly.
1. Persons willing to oller tbeir cars and
lime are assigned 10 first aid squads. cas-
ually clearing stations. control and mes-
sage centers. (lnd to tbe staff 01 tbe local
delense coordinator. Instruction in driving
under blackout and other air raid condi-
tions is necessary.
ROAD REPAIR
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STAFF CORPS:
e
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DRIVERS CORPS:
6)
CREWS:
I. Restore normal llow 01 lraUic quickly
as possible after air raids. Smooth road
surfaces. repave with available material
and restore rr><u~ markings.
I. All enrolled civilians assigned to staH
and administration duties. wear the 01-
ficia:1 emblem of civiHa:n delense.
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CIVILIAN HOME COOPERA r/ON
THE PARTY IS OVER. We must stop extravagances.
SAVE - SIMPLIFY - SUBSTITUTE.
1. A void all waste.
2. Keep consumer goods in proper maintenance
and repair.
-3. Buy only to meet current needs.
TAKE PART IN CIVILIAN DEFENSE.
1. Volunteer for Civilian Defense Service.
2. Help build a strong community, Spread vital
information. Help keep morale high by your own
attitude.
PHYSICAL FITNESS
ONLY A FIT NATIO~ CAN DEFEND ITSELF. Health
builds morale plus the increased energy necessary to
carryon under the strain of the present emergency.
NUTRITIOUS FOOD may well determine the effec-
tiveness of national defense.
1. The undernourished are frequently ill and on
the leave-of-absence lists of vital plants.
2. Malnutrition is often due to ignorance.
U. S. Health Authorities recommend the
DAILY DEFENSE DIET FOR THE AVERAGE
CITIZEN:
1. A pint of milk.
2. One serving of leafy green or yellow vege-
tables.
3. One serving of tomatoes, oranges, grape-
fruit or any raw fruit or vegetables.
4. Two or more servings of potatoes, other
vegetables or fruit.
5. One egg or at least three or four a week.
6. One or more servings of lean meat, poultry
or fish.
7. At least two servings of whole grain cereal
and vitamin enriched bread.
8. Fats and sweets to satisfy the appetite.
9. Water - 6 or more glasses.
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SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS
APARTMENTS & HOTELS
It is suggested certain people be designated house
air raid wardens, fire watchers, etc.
Cooperate with the management in obeying black-
out instructions and air raid precautions, etc.
Take air raid drills seriously.
For data on shelters. blackout, etc., consult preced-
ing pages.
Above all, during emergencies avoid panic - The
actions of one affect the safety of all.
OFFICE BUILDINGS
Practically all of the instructions that apply for
apartments and hotels should be carefully regarded
by office workers.
In case of raid signal, use ordinary blackout pre-
cautions.
Stand back from windows
(a) Windows and skylights should be reinforced
with adhesive over the frames surrounding the
glass. Thick cardboard. compo board or heavy
screens will also stop fragments of glass.
SCHOOLS
Students and staff should receive complete informa.
tion and instructions on emergency conduct.
Fire drills should be perfected.
Effectiveness of fire. fighting equipment tested and
assured.
Do your part to keep youthful morale high.
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DEPARTMENT STORES
Designate air raid wardens. form and conduct
first aid classes from employee volunteers.
If possible, arrange fo~ quick conversion of
trucks into emergency ambulances in case of
necessity.
Obtain aluminum paint for blackout signs.
Protect glass.
Designate a main floor section or sections as a
safety woe in case of an air raid - zone the store
so that deputy wardens can easily lead store pop-
ulation to safety areas quickly.
FACTORIES & INDUSTRIAL PREMISES
Volunteer air raid wardens. fire watchers. etc..
should be deputized among employees. Air raid
drills, blackout and safety areas worked out.
Cooperate with management in enforcing blackout.
camouflaging structures. avoiding glow at night.
Don't keep inflammable rags, fluids. etc.. around.
Heavy machinery affords protection in an air raid
-lie flat. under it.
IMPORTANCE OF YOUR RADIO
For additional defense information and emergency
instructions tune in your radio station at all times.
14
Each air raid shelter should bE" equipped with a
radio set.
DON'T get panicky---that's just what the enemy
wants you to do.
DON'T phone during blackouts or oir roids un-
less absolutely necessary.
DON'T leove homes or shelters until "all clear"
hos sounded.
DON'T light cigarettes outdoors d u r i n 9 a
blackout.
DON'T start or spread rumors.
COMMON SENSE
The material in this booklet is valuable, but only if
its use is accompanied by COMMON SENSE. In all
emerJtencies. first think, then act. Calmness and
forethought are iust as vital to Civilian Defense a.s
blackouts or air raid shelters . . . and they cost
j"thing! I
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