HomeMy WebLinkAboutFlood Insurance Study 1979 RECO
MAY 71981
FLOOD pill Tom CCerg Sooffotdl
INSURANCE
STUDY - -
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TOWN OF
SOUTHOLD,
NEW YORK
SUFFOLK COUNTY
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SEPTEMBER 1979
FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
FEDERAL INSURANCE ADMINISTRATION
COMMUNITY NUMBER-360813 -}
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
• 1.1 Purpose of Study 1
1.2 Coordination 1
1.3 Authority and Acknowledgements 1
2.0 AREA STUDIED 2
2.1 Scope of Study 2
2.2 Community Description 2
2.3 Principal Flood Problems 5
2.4 Flood Protection Measures 6
3.0 ENGINEERING METHODS 7
3.1 Hydrologic Analyses 7
3.2 Hydraulic Analyses g
4.0 FLOOD PLAIN MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS 9
4.1 Flood Boundaries 9
v
5.0 INSURANCE APPLICATION 9
5.1 Reach Determinations 10
5.2 Flood Hazard Factors 10
5.3 Flood Insurance Zones 10
5.4 Flood Insurance Rate Map Description 11
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS - continued
Page
6.0 OTHER STUDIES 13
7.0 LOCATION OF DATA 15
8.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES 15
FIGURES
Figure 1 - Vicinity Map 3
TABLES
Table 1 - Summary of Elevations 8
Table 2 - Flood Insurance Zone Data 12
EXHIBITS
Exhibit 1 - Flood Tide Profiles
Hashamomuck Beach Area Panel 01P
Truman Beach Area Panel 02P
2,000 Feet East of Mulford Point Panel 03P
Exhibit 2 - Flood Insurance Rate Map Index
Exhibit 3 - Flood Insurance Rate Map Panels 360813 0001A-0115A
ii
FLOOD INSURANCE STUDY
TOWN OF SOUTHOLD, NEW YORK
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose of Study
The purpose of this Flood Insurance Study is to investigate the ex-
istence and severity of flood hazards in the Town of Southold, Suf-
folk County, New York, and to aid in the administration of the Nat-
ional Flood Insurance Act of 1968 and the Flood Disaster Protection
Act of 1973. Initial use of this information will be to convert
Southold to the regular program of flood insurance by the Federal
Insurance Administration (FIA) . Further use of the information will
be made by local and regional planners in their efforts to promote
sound land use and flood plain development.
1.2 Coordination
An initial Consultation and Coordination Officer's (CCO) meeting
was held on September 12, 1974, for the purpose of informing the
community of the objectives of the Flood Insurance Program. In
attendance were representatives of the New York District of the
U. S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) , the FIA, and community offi-
cials. Subsequent to this meeting, several informal meetings were
held with residents of the community to collect information con-
cerning past floods. Various federal, state, and local agencies
were also contacted in a search for available data relevant to the
study.
On May 21, 1977, the final CCO meeting was held to discuss the re-
sults of the Flood Insurance Study. Present at this meeting were
representatives of the COE, the FIA, and community officials.
1.3 Authority and Acknowledgements
The source of authority for this Flood Insurance Study is the Nat-
ional Flood Insurance Act of 1968, as amended.
The hydrologic and hydraulic analyses for this study were performed
by the New York District of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers for
the Federal Insurance Administration, under Inter-Agency Agreement
No. IAA-H-19-74, Project Order No. 18, and No. IAA-H-16-75, Project
Order No. 6. This work, which was completed in May 1977, covered
all significant flooding sources affecting the Town of Southold.
This report was prepared by Lockwood, Kessler & Bartlett, Inc. , Con-
sulting Engineers, for the New York District of the U. S. Army Corps
of Engineers. All survey and topographic data for this study was
collected and compiled by Lockwood, Kessler & Bartlett, Inc.
2.0 AREA STUDIED
2.1 Scope of Study !
This Flood Insurance Study covers the incorporated area of the Town
of Southold. Not included in this study are the incorporated area
of the Village of Greenport and both Plum and Gull Islands, which
are Federally owned. The area of study is shown on the Vicinity Map
(Figure 1) .
The major sources of severe flooding in the Town of Southold are the
waters of Long Island Sound and Peconic and Gardiners Bays when they
rise due to the activity of hurricanes and extra-tropical cyclones.
Therefore, the entire shore line, both bay and ocean, was studied in
detail.
The effects of overland runoff were initially considered, but a
preliminary investigation showed that the resulting flooding was of
minor magnitude; therefore, no further investigations were made.
The areas studied by detailed methods were selected with priority
given to all known flood hazard areas, areas of projected develop-
ment and proposed construction for the next five years, through
January 1982.
2.2 Community Description
The Town of Southold is located at the northeastern end of Long
Island about 80 miles east of New York City. The town is in eastern
Suffolk 'County and is comprised of the north fork of eastern Long
Island and several adjacent islands in southeastern New York State.
Southold is bordered by the Town of Riverhead to the west and by the
States of Connecticut and Rhode Island to the north and east. The
southern corporate limits of Southold extend into Block Island
Sound, where the town is bordered by the towns of Southampton,
Shelter Island, and Easthampton, New York.
The major land area of the town is comprised of the north fork of
Long Island. Except for its westerly border with the Town of
2
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Riverhead, this area is completely surrounded by water, with Long
Island Sound to the north and east, and Peconic and Gardiners Bays
to the south.
The town also includes three sizable islands. One is Plum Island,
which is located about 1.5 miles east of Orient Point, the tip of
Long Island's north fork. The second, Fishes. Island, is situated
about 12 miles east of Orient Point and 2 miles south of the Con-
necticut shore, while Robins Island is located about 1 mile off the
south shore of the main portion of the town and lies in the middle
of Peconic Bay.
There are also six small islands within the town. The largest of
these - Great Gull Island - is located about 2 miles northeast of
Plum Island, and is about 0.5 mile long and 300 to 400 feet wide.
The other five islands are less than 700 feet in their longest
dimensions.
The portion of the town on Long Island proper is about 22 miles long
and about 4 miles wide at its widest point. Its total land area is
about 55 square miles, and it is reported to have about 200 miles of
salt water shore line.
The north, or Long Island Sound, shoreline is relatively straight
with somewhat narrow beaches backed by steep bluffs.
These bluffs rise to an elevation of about 150 feet in the westerly
part of the town and gradually diminish in height to about 50 feet
near Orient. From a ridge line along these bluffs, the ground falls
off slowly to the south until it forms the highly irregular shore
line along the Peconic and Gardiners Bays. The relatively high
ground along the sound restricts the flooding from that source to
the immediate beach area except for four locations. The first of
these locations is at Mattituck Inlet where rising sound waters
enter the Inlet and cause flooding almost 2 miles from the sound.
At Hashamomuck Beach, there is a 1.5 mile stretch of sound beach not
backed by bluffs where storm waters from the sound can, at certain
locations, flow over North Road and mix with flood waters from
Peconic Bay. Similarly, at Truman Beach there is a 1.5 mile stretch
of beach where sound waters can overtop Main Road and the adjacent
dunes and merge with Gardiners Bay waters. There is also a short
break in the bluffs about 2,000 feet east of Mulford Point where
water from the sound can contribute to inland flooding.
With a few exceptions, the south shore of the town is relatively
flat and forms a very irregular shore line with the bays. Numerous
4
inlets provide natural shelter for smaller boats, encouraging ex-
tensive pleasure boating in the area. Residential and recreational
development has been considerably greater along the more sheltered
south shore of the town.
Fishers Island is irregularly shaped with most of its shore line
formed by steep bluffs in back of narrow beaches, though a number of
low-lying areas are found along the shore. The ground surface of
the island is quite uneven, with many small hills rising higher than
50 feet above sea level. Most of the residents live on the western
third of the island, while the remainder is primarily occupied by
large estates.
The 1970 census showed a population for the town of 16,804 persons
(Reference 1) , and in January 1975 it was estimated at about 18,700
persons. However, because of the large number of seasonal residents,
the summer population is probably at least twice as large. A steady
growth, primarily residential in nature, is expected for the town in
the foreseeable future.
The area is characterized by a moderate coastal climate with a mean
annual temperature of 52°F and average precipitation of 40 to 45 in-
ches per year, with the eastern portion of the town receiving lower
amounts. Snowfall in the area averages about 30 inches per year,
which is equivalent to approximately three inches of the annual
precipitation. The average minimum and maximum temperatures for the
area are 26°F in January and 80°F in July, respectively (Reference
2) .
The flood plains in the town contain substantial development which
is primarily residential in nature. Because of the high desir-
ability of property on or near the water, it is expected that
housing construction will continue in these flood-prone areas.
2.3 Principal Flood Problems ,
The major flood problems in Southold are caused by rising sound and
bay waters and wave action which accompany hurricanes and extra-
tropical cyclones, also referred to as northeasters. The flooding
problems caused by overland runoff from unusually heavy rain are of
relatively minor magnitude within the study area and therefore have
not been considered.
Since 1938 eight storms which have been classified as "severe" or
"unusually severe" have caused damage in the area. These storms
occurred in 1938, 1944, 1950, 1953, 1954, 1960, 1962, and 1968.
5
Three of the storms (those of 1950, 1953, and 1962) were northeasters,
while the other five were hurricanes. The September 1938, November
1950, and August 1954 storms, with peak stages of 7.6 feet, are
estimated to be 56-year recurrence interval floods. The November
1953 storm, with a peak stage of 7.0 feet, is estimated to be a 33-
year recurrence interval flood. The November 1968 storm, with a
peak stage of 6.3 feet, and the September 1960 storm, with a peak
stage of 6.2 feet, are estimated to have recurrence intervals of
approximately 18 years (Reference 3) .
These storms all caused considerable damage to property in the town.
Houses were flooded and cottages, docks, and other waterfront con-
struction suffered various degrees of damage. Extensive erosion of
shore-front bluffs was also experienced.
In the more exposed shore-front areas, a considerable portion of the
damage has been caused by the action of the waves which accompany
the more severe storms. In the more protected inlets, the damage
has been primarily caused by rising water levels alone.
2.4 Flood Protection Measures
The only substantial construction which has the immediate effect of
protecting areas from encroachment of floodwaters are earthen berms
located along the south shore in the area between Cutchogue and New
Suffolk and between Orient and Orient Point. These berms have been
constructed around low-lying agricultural land to protect against
salt water encroachment. Based on available data, they are not
high enough to provide protection from flooding caused by the 100-
year return-frequency storm.
Though not intended to restrlict floodwater encroachment, a large
amount of shore protection construction has been carried out within
the town. This constructionlhelps to stabilize the shore front and
thus does reduce the damage which would otherwise occur during
storms. Among these structures are substantial jetties at Mattituck
Inlet and Goldsmith Inlet on the north shore and at Greenport Harbor
on the south side. Along the north shore, there are scattered groins
with a particular concentration between Horton Point and Inlet Point.
There are also numerous bulkYeads of various sizes. Along the more
highly developed south shorel are found an almost continuous series
of bulkheads, groins, and jetities of various sizes and states of
repair.
I
� 6
3.0 ENGINEERING METHODS
For tidal surges affecting the community, standard coastal engineering
study methods were used to determine the flood hazard data required for
this study. Tidal surges having recurrence intervals of 10, 50, 100, and
500 years have been selected as having special significance for flood
plain management and for flood insurance premium rates. The analyses
reported here reflect current conditions for the flooding sources in
Southold.
3.1 Hydrologic Analyses
Hydrologic analyses were carried out to establish the peak elevation-
frequency relationships for floods of the selected recurrence inter-
vals for areas of tidal surge studied in detail in the community.
The tidal flooding along the shore of Long Island has been the sub-
ject of extensive study for many years. The hurricanes and north-
easters which create the most extensive flooding have been analyzed
and described in detail in many studies. In developing this study,
an extensive review of available material was conducted to assist in
determining floodwater elevations (References 4, 5, and 6) . Because
of the extensive analytical work which had already been performed,
it was not considered necessary to conduct a completely new analysis
from basic data. Instead, all available studies were reviewed,
compared, and evaluated in order to establish the flood levels used
in this study.
The Long Island Sound frequency curve was developed by a statistical
analysis using Beard's plotting position (Reference 7) analysis of
the high tides of record at the New London, Connecticut, gage (which
does not have a specific identification number) for the period July
1938 to December 1960 (Reference 8) . The Peconic Bay stage-frequency
curve was based on estimates of the maximum high tides and the use
of the Standard Project Hurricane Tide at a 500-year frequency. The
Standard Project Hurricane is a hypothetical hurricane intended to
represent the most severe combination of hurricane parameters, ex-
cluding extremely rare combinations that is reasonably character-
istic of this region.
The tide elevations obtained from the stage-frequency curves are ,
shown in Table 1, "Summary of Elevations."
There are three locations in Southold where the elevations of the
higher Long Island Sound flood tides exceed those of the adjacent
land. When this occurs, the flood waters of the sound flow over the
land and mix with lower bay tides as shown on the Flood Tide Pro-
files (Exhibit 1) .
7
TABLE 1 - SUMMARY OF ELEVATIONS
ELEVATIONS ABOVE NGVD OF 1929*
FLOODING SOURCE AND LOCATION 10-YEAR 50-YEAR 100-YEAR 500-YEAR
LONG ISLAND SOUND 6.9 9.4 10.7 14.9
PECONIC BAY 5.8 7.4 8.0 12.6
` GARDINERS BAY 5.8 7.4 8.4 12.8
*National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929, formerly referred to as Sea Level
Datum of 1929.
3.2 Hydraulic Analysis
Because the major flooding in the Town of Southold is from tidal,
not fluvial, sources, hydraulic computations were not required to
establish flood boundaries for the areas studied in detail.
Special consideration was given to the vulnerability of the coast-
line in Southold to wave attack during severe hurricanes and north-
easters. Areas of coastline subjected to wave attack are referred
to as coastal high hazard zones. The COE has developed methods
(References 9 and 10) to determine the sections of a coastline which
fall into this category. The factors considered for such a deter-
mination include: choice of a suitable fetch, its length and width,
sustained wind velocities, coastal water depths, physical features
of the coastline, and more importantly, in the case of Southold,
historical accounts of wave attack to structures. All these factors
are analyzed to find out whether a critical breaking wave with a
height of at least 3 feet can be generated. This has been selected
by the COE as the minimum size wave capable of causing major damage
to a conventional wood or brick veneer frame structure upon impact.
After a rigorous examination of the north shore coastline of Southold,
where the possibility exists for a 3-foot breaking wave, it was
' concluded that a coastal high hazard zone does exist along this en-
tire stretch of coastline. The low-lying sections of this coastline
as well as beach front areas are subjected to wave attack generated
by high winds from a northwest to northeast direction across Long
Island Sound. The remaining coastline of Southold along Great
Peconic Bay, Little Peconic Bay, and Gardiners Bay is not exposed
to severe wave attack and has not been designated as part of a
coastal high hazard zone.
8
All elevations are referenced to NGVD. Locations of the elevation
reference marks used in this study are shown on the maps.
4.0 FLOOD PLAIN MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS
A prime purpose of the National Flood Insurance Program is to encourage
state and local governments to adopt sound flood plain management pro-
grams. Each flood insurance study, therefore, includes a flood boundary
map designed to assist communities in developing sound flood plain man-
agement measures.
4.1 Flood Boundaries
In order to provide a national standard without regional discrimi-
nation, the 100-year flood has been adopted by the FIA as the base
flood for purposes of flood plain management measures. The 500-year
flood is employed to indicate additional areas of flood risk in the
community. The 100-year flood boundaries of areas subjected to
tidal flooding were determined by tracing, on 1:2,400, 5-foot con-
tour interval topographic maps, the outline of the interpolated
contour which was equivalent to the elevation of the 100-year recur-
rence interval tide (Reference 11) . This information was then
transferred to topographic maps enlarged to a scale of 1:12,000,
with a contour interval of 10 feet (Reference 12) . In cases where
the boundaries of the 100- and 500-year floods are close together,
only the 100-year boundary has been shown.
Flood boundaries are indicated on the Flood Insurance Rate Map. On
this map the 100-year flood boundary corresponds to the boundaries
of the areas of special flood hazards (Zone A4, A5, A8, V4, V5, and
V8) ; and the 500-year flood boundary corresponds to the boundaries
of the areas of moderate flood hazards (Zone B) .
Small areas within the flood boundaries may lie above the flood ele-
vations and, therefore, may not be subject to flooding. Owing to
limitations of the map scale and lack of detailed topographic data,
such areas are not shown.
5.0 INSURANCE APPLICATION
In order to establish actuarial insurance rates, the FIA has developed a
process to transform the data from the engineering study into flood
9
insurance criteria. This process includes the determination of reaches,
Flood Hazard Factors (FHFs) , and flood insurance zone designations for
each significant flooding source affecting the Town of Southold.
5.1 Reach Determinations
Reaches are defined as lengths of coastline having relatively the
same flood hazard, based on the average weighted difference in
water-surface elevations between the 10- and 100-year floods. This
difference does not have a variation greater than that indicated in
the following table for more than 20 percent of the reach.
Average Difference Between
10- and 100-Year Floods Variation
2 to 7 feet 1.0 feet
Three reaches meeting the above criteria were required for the
flooding sources of Southold. These include one each along Long
Island Sound, Peconic Bay, and Gardiners Bay.
5.2 Flood Hazard Factors
The FHF is the FIA device used to correlate flood information with
insurance rate tables. Correlations between property damage from
floods and their FHFs are used to set actuarial insurance premium
rate tables based on FRFs from 005 to 200.
The FHF for a reach is the average weighted difference between the
10- and 100-year flood water-surface elevations expressed to the
nearest 0.5 foot, and shown as a three-digit code. For example, if
the difference between water-surface elevations of the 10- and 100-
year floods is 0.7 feet, the FHF is 005; if the difference is 1.4
feet, the FHF is 015; if the difference is 5.0 feet, the FHF is 050.
When the difference between the 10- and 100-year water-surface
elevations is greater than 10.0 feet, accuracy for the FHF is to the
nearest foot.
5.3 Flood Insurance Zones
After the determination of reaches and their respective FRFs, the
entire incorporated area of the Town of Southold was divided into
10
zones, each having a specific flood potential or hazard. Each zone
was assigned one of the following flood insurance zone designations:
Zones A4, A5, A8: Special Flood Hazard Areas inundated by the
100-year flood, determined by detailed meth-
ods; base flood elevations shown, and zones
subdivided according to FRFs.
Zones V4, V5, V8: Special Flood Hazard Areas along coasts in-
undated by the 100-year flood, as deter-
mined by detailed methods, and that have
additional hazards due to velocity (wave
action) ; base flood elevations shown, and
zones subdivided according to FRFs.
Zone B: Areas between the Special Flood Hazard Area
and the limits of the 500-year flood, in-
cluding areas of the 500-year flood plain
that are protected from the 100-year flood
by dike, levee, or other water control
structure; also areas subject to certain
types of 100-year shallow flooding where
depths are less than 1.0 foot; and areas
subject to 100-year flooding from sources
with drainage area less than 1 square mile.
Zone B is not subdivided.
Zone C: Area of minimal flooding.
Table 2, "Flood Insurance Zone Data," summarizes the flood elevation
differences, FRFs, flood insurance zones, and base flood elevations
for each flooding source studied in detail in the community.
5.4 Flood Insurance Rate Map Description
The Flood Insurance Rate Map for the Town of Southold is, for insur-
ance purposes, the principal result of the Flood Insurance Study.
This map contains the official delineation of flood insurance zones
and base flood elevation lines. Base flood elevation lines show the
locations of the expected whole-foot water-surface elevations of the
base (100-year) flood. This map is developed in accordance with the
latest flood insurance map preparation guidelines published by the
FIA.
11
ELEVATION DIFFERENCE2
FLOODING SOURCE PANE LI BETWEEN 1.0% (100-YEAR) FLOOD AND FHF ZONE BASE FLOOD
10% 2% 0.2% E LE VATI ON 3
00 YR.) (50 YR.) (500 YR.) (NGVD)
Ong Island Sound
Reach 1 5,10,15,50, -3.8 -1.3 +4.2 040 V8,A8 11
65,85,100,
115
econic Bay
Reach 1 65, 85,100, -2.2 -0.6 +4.6 020 V4,A4 8
115
ardiners Bay
Reach 1 50,65 -2.6 -1.0 +4.4 025 V5,A5 8
Block Island
Sound
Reach 1 10,15 -3.8 -1.3 +4.2 040 V8,A8 11
lFlood Insurance Rate Map Panel
2Weighted average
311ounded to the nearest foot - see map
DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT
30 Federal Inwranc®Administration FLOOD INSURANCE ZONE DATA
W
TOWN Of SOUTHOLD, NY
LONG ISLAND SOUND, PECONIC BAY, 6ARDINERS BAY
(SUFFOLK CO.) AND BLOCK ISLAND SOUND
6.0 OTHER STUDIES
Similar studies relating to tidal flooding have been prepared for other
communities on eastern Long Island, New York. The COE has prepared a
Type 15 Flood Insurance Study for the Village of North Haven (Reference
6) , which is located south of Southold across Peconic Bay. The U. S.
Geological Survey (USGS) undertook its own investigation of the Great
Peconic Bays of eastern Long Island in preparation for its Type 15 Flood
Insurance Study for Southampton, New York (Reference 5) , which is located
south of Southold across Peconic Bay.
There were significant differences in tidal frequency-elevation results
in these eastern Long Island communities because different data were
collected by the COE and the USGS in each of their respective communities.
Camp, Dresser & McKee has prepared Type 15 Flood Insurance Studies for
the Town of Shelter Island (Reference 13) , located south of Southold, and
the Town of Riverhead (Reference 14) , bordering Southold to the west.
The 100-year tidal frequency-elevation for the Long Island Sound coast-
line of Southold agrees within 0.1 foot with the corresponding 100-year
elevation developed by Camp, Dresser & McKee for the Town of Riverhead.
The 500-year tidal frequency-elevation for the Long Island Sound coast-
line of Southold is 0.9 foot higher than the corresponding 500-year ele-
vation for the Town of Riverhead. The reason for this discrepancy is
that the 500-year elevation was determined for the north shore of River-
head along Long Island Sound by combining and averaging the results of
Flood Insurance Studies performed by the COE for the Town of Brookhaven
(Reference 15) and the Town of Southold.
The COE, New England Division, developed a 500-year tidal frequency-
elevation relationship applicable for the corresponding portion of
Connecticut coastline across Long Island Sound (Reference 16) . Eleva-
tions for the Connecticut coastline vary from 15.4 to 15.8 feet NGVD.
These higher elevations are the result of (1) different approaches for
calculating the 500-year tidal frequency-elevation between the New York
District and New England Division of the COE, and (2) the differing
effects the transposed Cape Hatteras hurricane of 1944 has on the
opposite shore of Long Island Sound. The New England Division adds the '
1944 adjusted hurricane surge to the local mean spring high-tide levels,
whereas the New York District adds the 1944 adjusted hurricane surge to
the local mean high-tide levels. Also, the path of the transposed
hurricane was projected across Bridgeport, Connecticut, which would
produce strong onshore winds and tidal levels for the Connecticut
coastline opposite Southold while sustaining lower winds and tidal levels
on the Long Island Sound coastline in the vicinity of Southold.
13
Some discrepancies are also found in comparing the flood elevations used
in this report for the Peconic Bay and Gardiners Bay flooding with some
of, the elevations used in the other studies mentioned above. In this
report, the 100-year tidal frequency-elevation for the coastline of
Southold along the- Great Peconic Bay is 0.5 foot higher in elevation than
that used for the coastline across the bay in the Town of Southampton,
studied by the USGS (Reference 5) . This difference is a result of dif-
ferent data sets of high-water marks as used by the COE and the USGS in
their respective studies.
For the Peconic Bay area, the 500-year tidal frequency-elevation used in
this report is 3.1 feet higher than that used for Southampton because, in
the opinion of the USGS, the surge from the transposed Cape Hatteras
hurricane of 1944 is not applicable to Peconic Bay.
In this report, the 100-year tidal frequency-elevation for the coastline
of Southold along Great Peconic Bay is 0.4 foot lower in elevation than
that used for the coastline of the Town of Riverhead along the Great
Peconic Bay and Flanders Bay. This difference is a result of the incor-
poration of additional data supplied by the Southold Town Planning Board,
which revised the 100-year tidal elevation from 8.4 feet to 8.0 feet
NGVD.
For the Great Peconic Bay area, the 500-year tidal frequency-elevation
used for Southold was adopted by Camp, Dresser & McKee for use in River-
head for the Peconic River estuary, Flanders Bay, and Great Peconic Bay.
In this report, the 100-year tidal frequency-elevation for the coastline
of Southold along Gardiners Bay is 0.6 foot lower- than that developed for
the coastline of Shelter Island along Gardiners Bay. The reason for this
discrepancy is the fact that eastern Shelter Island is entirely subjected
to the full force of northeast-to-east-to-southeast winds from hurricanes
and the winds from northeasters. However, western Shelter Island, with
coastline bordering Shelter Island Sound, has been assigned a 100-year
tidal frequency-elevation 0.6 foot below the value issued for the Town of
Southold and the Village of North Haven. The coastline on the western
side of Shelter Island is more protected and sheltered from the severe
winds of most hurricanes as well as northeasters, and this helps to ac-
count for this difference. Basically, the division of the coastline re-
flects the varied geography of the island and its exposure to the paths
or tracks of hurricanes and northeasters and their wind directions as
they cross eastern Long Island.
For the Gardiners Bay area, the 500-year tidal frequency-elevation used
for Southold is in complete agreement with the 500-year tidal frequency-
elevation used for Shelter Island. However, for the Shelter Island Sound
14
area, the 500-year tidal frequency-elevation used for Southold is 0.6
foot above the value assigned for Shelter Island. The reason for this
discrepancy is, as is the case with the 100-year elevations for the two
communities, that the coastline on the western side of Shelter Island is
more protected and sheltered from the severe winds of most hurricanes
and northeasters.
For the Gardiners Bay area, the 100- and 500-year tidal frequency-ele-
vations are in complete agreement with the values developed by the COE
for the Village of North Haven (Reference 6) . For the Peconic Bay area,
the 100-year tidal frequency-elevation used for Southold is 0.4 foot
lower than the 100-year elevation used for the Village of North Haven,
while the 500-year elevations are in complete agreement for the two com-
munities.
This study is authoritative for purposes of the Flood Insurance Program
and the data presented here either supersede or are compatable with pre-
vious determinations.
7.0 LOCATION OF DATA
Survey, hydrologic, hydraulic, and other pertinent data used in this
study can be obtained by contacting the office of the Federal Insurance
Administration, Regional Director, 90 Church Street, Room 801, New York,
New York 10007.
8.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES
1. U. S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1970 Census of
Population, Number of Inhabitants, New York, Washington, D. C. ,
1971.
2. U. S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad-
ministration, Environmental Data Service, Comparative Climatic Data,
Asheville, North Carolina, April 1977.
3. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, New York District, In-House Memoran-
dum, April 1977.
4. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, North Shore of Long Island, Suffolk
County, New York; Beach Erosion Control and Interim Hurricane Study,
June 1969.
5. U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Federal Insurance
Administration, Flood Insurance Study, Town of Southampton, Suffolk
County, New York, (Unpublished) .
15
6. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Flood Plain Information; Coastal
Flooding; Incorporated Village of North Haven, Suffolk County, Long
Island, New York, June 1974.
7. Leo R. Beard, Statistical Methods in Hydrology, Sacramento, Cali-
fornia, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, January 1962.
8. U. S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad-
ministration, Environmental Data Service, Climatological Data, New
• York, Monthly Reports, Asheville, North Carolina, through 1977.
9. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Coastal Engineering Research Center,
Shore Protection Manual, Volume I, 1973.
10. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, Galveston District, Texas Guidelines
for Identifying Coastal High Hazard Zones, June 1975.
11. Suffolk County Department of Public Works, Topographic Maps, Scale
1:2,400, Contour Interval 5 Feet: Five Eastern Towns, Suffolk
County, New York, 1975.
12. U. S. Department of the Interior, Geological Survey, 7.5 Minute
Series (Topographic) Maps, Scale 1:24,000, Contour Interval 10 Feet:
Greenport, New York, 1956; Mattituck, New York, 1956; Mattituck
Hills, New York, 1956; Orient, New York, 1956; Plum Island, New
York, 1954; Riverhead, New York, 1956; Southold, New York, 1956.
13. U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Federal Insurance
Administration, Flood Insurance Study, Town of Shelter Island, Suf-
folk County, New York, (Unpublished) .
14. U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Federal Insurance
Administration, Flood Insurance Study, Town of Riverhead, Suffolk
County, New York, (Unpublished) .
15. U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Federal Insurance
Administration, Flood Insurance Study, Town of Brookhaven, Suffolk
• County, New York, (Unpublished) .
16. U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, New England Division, Long Island
Sound-Interim Memo No. COE-2, Tidal Hydrology, Prepared for the New
England River Basins Commission, Long Island Sound Regional Study,
June 1973.
State of New York, Department of Transportation, Quadrangle Maps, Scale
1:24,000, 1972.
16
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