Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAboutInput-Output Tables - 1966Presentation of the Input-Output Tables for the Calendar Tear 196~ Portion of the Economic Study for the: Southold Town Planning Board Village of Greenport P1snuing Board Southold To, m, Long Island, New York David SY. Morton and David J. Allee Department of Agricultural Economics Cornell University Ithaca, Ne~.¢ ~ork March 1966 Description of the Economy of a Region: As~m~ug that economic factors have some importance in determining the future of a region and that a clear picture of the present structure of an econom~ is useful in projecting the economic future~ we shall pro- ceed to describe the econom~ of Southold Town. To picture a regional economy~ we concept~ally cut along the boundaries oS the regior~ and there- after speak, of all transactions that cross these boundaries as "external trade" -- as international trade in the case of nations. The one icant difference between the national and regional situations~ aside from the absence of customs~ tariffs, etco is that generally w~.~y more of the transactions of a region will be external ones than in the case of a nation. A regional economy is more !'open". In the attempt to vis~s! ~ ze the structure of a reg~ onal econom~' in terms of the production~ transfer~ and censumption activities that are occurring~ it is helpfttt to think of the economy as consisting of a number of industry-groups~ or more broadly sectors such as re~il~ services farming~ m~uufaoturing. The consumers, also form a sector which can be called "household" the householders are the ultimate consumers of most goods and services produced in the region but they also form the supply of labor. As well as labors the households supply the other proprietary services to the businesses of the town -- namely management skills and the use of land and buildings. Some industries, called primary industries, such as agriculture and fishing depend upon the factors of the natural environment to produce their products which are sold to other industries -- processing, n~rketing~ chain stores, restaurants~ etc. These secondary and tertiary industries sell to the consumers. So~ in very simple terms we can think of an economy in the following fashion: oducts Industries labor & labour proprietary services . proprietary / service~ ~ Consumers s (Households) & services Secondary& Tertiary Industries Arrows show the flow of goods ~ud services --money flows go in the opposite direction. The econom~of a region~ however~ is never this simple. This model is too general -- ms.king no distinction among various kinds of pr~'_~w~y industries, etco Also there are m~uy s~sller inter-relationships among industries in any region that do not fall into the precise prescribed pattern depicted in the diagram aboveo ~e wotuld like to have a way of presenting ~ll the inter-relationships among major sectors within the economy. These inter-relationships~ even the small ones, become quite important when we reach the predictive part of our discussion. The attempt is made, then~ to quantify even small amounts of transactions -- such as in Southold Town the $9000 of sales from the Farm Supply sector to the Construction sector (which we ~ll see in a moment). The Flow Table: To present all. the inter-relationships among the ~jor sectors of the Southold Town economy, we have constructed an input - output flow table. See Table t. Here you see major groupings of the various types of private firms operating in Southold: Retail~ Automotive, Wholesale, etc.~ plus Federal Government activities, Local Government activities and Public Facilities, Non-Profit organizations~ and two household sectors: Perm~.~ent Residents and Seaso~l- Residents~ These are the eighteen sectors that we shall carry through the entire analysis. You see that the sectors are arrayed in the same order vertically along the left edge of the table and horizontally across the top. The ordering has no particular significance, except that the household sectors are last -- numbers seventeen and eighteen. The sectors are not ordered according to primary, secondary and tertiary industries, and as we have seen before~ such categories could not be watertight, anyhow. For an enumeration of precisely the kinds of firms or agencies making up each of the sectors, see appendix A, the Sector Typology. Stand~rd Industrial Classification categories were used to some extent in preparing this breakdo~n, however, the code numbers are our own-- they are not the S.I.C. cede numbers o We have attempted to include in one sector or another every kind of entity in the T~ of Southold that engages in monetary transactions. The separation of the householders into two sectors results from the intention to q~tify the impact Of the Seasonal People on the economy. As indicated in-the typology, sector eighteen includes seasonal cottage dwellers as well as short term visitors who come to Southold either by car or by boat. Seasonal people generally are not employed in Southold, they merely act as consumers. The Permanent-Resident sector, on the other hand~ can be thought of aa the traditional household sector -- not only cons~m~ug goods and services but also providing labor and proprietary services .~ Look again at Table I o Instead of the one-way i~low of goods and services depicted in our simPlified model, it is now possible to show what each sector buys o~r sells from every other sector~ The sectors~ ~her~ listed down the left-hand margin are selling sectors$ when listed across the top, they are purchasing sectors. Thus, looking across any horizontal row, such as row 12, Far~ Supply, we see the sales of ~ll the fires ia the Farm Supply sector to various other sectors. All figttres are annu~l 4. giving the total amount of transactions between one sector and another for the calendar year 1963~ the year for· which all our data were collected. Following row twelve from left to right, we see sales from Farm Supply of ~500 to the ~holes~.!e sector~ ~19,200 to the ~tel, Restaurant sector, ~R000 to Personal Service, ~400 to Business Service, ~2,~00,000 to Farms, ~38~00 t.o itself, ~9,000 to Construction (which was our earlier example), $6,000 to Local Government~ ~1,600 to Non-Profit, ~R~O00 directly to Permanent Residents, and ~R~O00 to Seasonal Poeple ~ At the extreme right end of the row, beyond the double line~ appear two export figures labeled "County" and "out" and a Total figure. If we visualize the econom~ of Southold like the economy of an independent nation, then we can classii~y anything sold to a buyer located outside oF the To~n~ as an ~ and similarly all purchases from the outside can be considered imports. ~e have broken down the exports into those sales to firms or individuals within the remainder of Suffolk County, and sales to buyers located out of the county, i.e. anywhere else in the world. This distinction can give us an indication of the amount of economic dependence of Southold Town upon the County~ (and should be of interest to County~ plaguers). To continue~ then, we see sales from the Farm Supply sector $216,000 to buyers in the County~ and $3,973,000 to buyers outside the county. These large sums reflect the fact that the Farm Supply sector is composed of ~uy firms that not only supply farmers with the inputs they need, but also fuuction as marketing firms for the farmers: products. The final figure- shows that the To*~t Sales of the Farm Supply sector were $6,620,000. This includes sales of supplies to fs~mers as well as sales of farmers' product to outside markets° The $38~B00 sale "to itself" is the amount of transactions ~mong firms within the Farm Supply sector. Thus, row twelve gives us a break- down of all the sales o~r ~ from the Farm Supply sector..~ For a summary of the in~uts into (or l~archases of) the Farm Supply sector we look at column twelve. Here we see purchases of $2,500 from the Retail sector~ $17~B00 from the ~utomotive sector~ $900 from ~fnolesale~ $45,100 from Business Service~ $3,920,000 from Farms (produce)~ $~8~B00 from itslef, $2~500 from Construction, $18,800 from Local Gover~mmnt, and $568~800 from the Permanent Resident sector (payment for labor and pro- prietary services). The $18,800 of "inputs'~ from the Local Government sector represents primarily the payment of real estate taxes by the firms of the Farm Supply sector. Below the double line~ again we find the transactions with the out- side world: purchases of $37~,000 from Su'ffblk County firms and from firms Out of the County. At the bottom we see that the Total of all ,inputs in.to the Farm Supply sector $6~620,000 is identical to the Total for all outputs from that ssme sector. (For a discussion of the assump- tions and adjustments necessary to bring this about see Chapter Two.) As an example of how to read the flow table, let us look up the sales from the Business Service sector to the Boating sector. Since Business Service is the ~ we look down along to the left margin to row seven. Now follow across row seven to find the appropriate purchasing sector. Boating is column four° The figure in row seven, col~ four is $115,700~ this is the amount of sales from Business Service to Boating. As another example~ we may ~,ant to find the payments of the Retail stores to the Household sector. In this case Per~ suent Resident is the seller and Retail is the purchaser. The relevant figttre is in row seventeen, column one: $1,907,500, which may be understood as the total wage bill~ plus proprietary income~ plus rentals paid by the Retail sector to individuals who live inside the To,an of Southold. Thus, any sale from anyone of the eighteen sectors to any other sector has an appropriate position in the table. Blank spaces indicate transactions of negligible amount -- less than $200. The output allocation for any sector can be determined by reading across the appropriate row. The input breakdown for any sector is shown in the appropriate column. The complete expenditure patterns of Perma- nent Residents and Seasonal People appear in columns seventeen and eighteen, respectively. At the bottom of these columns, we see that Total expenditures of the Permanent Residents amounted to $28,649~000 in 1963, 'whereas Total expenditures of Seasonal People ¢~e to $15~611,000 during the portion of the year that they spent in Southold. Table of Technical Coefficients: The flow table gives us dollar figures so that we can compare absolute ~moUnts of annual transactions across columns or across rows. We would like to have a way to standardize sectors in order to measure such thin~ as the relative impact of two sectors upon households ~-- in terms of the relative proportions of labor and proprietary services as inputs into those two sectors. Such a method is the creation of a table of tec?~aical coef- ficients. To accomplish this we convert all the figures in each column to percentages, with the Total inputs figure for each col,~u being 100% for that sector. See Table II o (The table shows fractions of 1.O0 rather th~n perCents of lO0~o) This table gives the percentage breakdown of .in. puts into each sector. For exw~ple, we may look at the inputs to the Manufacturing sector (column eight) and discover that of the total expenditures of this sector, .18~ goes to Retail, .49% to Automotive, . 50% to ~holesale, .71% to Business Service, .58~ to Construction, .09% to Federal Government activities~ .19~ to Local Government, .Ol~ to Non-Profit, 25.81% to Perma- nent Residents, 19.2~. to the County, and 52.23% to Out of the County. This series can be stated in another w~y: For every dollar of Total sales (Total inputs = Total output= Total sales) of the Manufacturing sector~ there are .18~ worth of purchases from Retail, .49~ worth from Automotive, ~5.81~ worth from Perm~uent Residents, etc. The technical coefficients (when multiplied, by one hundred) give the cents worth o~ purchases from the v~rious sectors necessary to produce one dollars' worth of output in the given sector. They are c~lled technical coefficients because the input breakdown of any industry is dependent upon the state of production technology in that field at the given point in time (as well as upon relative prices, locational factors~ etc.) and availability of local supplies o If we w~.ke the two gross assumptions that new manufacturing firms entering the Town ~ill be of roughly the same type as existing firms~ and that the state of technology and availability of local supplies in these fields will remain ttuchangeds then we can use the given technicml coef- ficients for projection° ~e can then say that an expansion_ of total manufacturing output of $1,000~000 will initiate directly $1~800 of in- 'creased purchases from the Retail sectors $4,900 increased purchases from Automotive~ o.., $258,100 of increased payments to Per~anent Residents~ etc. The technical coefficients in the Motel~ Restaurants etc. sector~ for examples are more likely to remain constant over a period of ext~sion (providing ~sintenance of the same proportions of motels, restaurantss bowling alleys, golf courses~ etc.) than are the technical coefficients in Southold's ¥~nufacturing sector. This results from the relatively constant state of technology and local supply in such service industries as res- taurants~ motels~ etc. Given the assumptions~ then the technical coefficients give the expected amounts of ,direct purchases from the various sectors that will be initiated by an expansion of one particular sector. Table of Interdependency Coefficients: %;e can no%~ say, for example, that for a $1~000~000 increase in Total sales of the Construction sector~ an additional ~26~00 worth of equipment, service and gasoline will be demanded from the local Automotive sector. What fttrther results could we expect from this expansion of the Automotive sector? Looking to Table II again, we see that a $1.00 expansion in Automotive causes increased purchases of 2.38¢ from ~.~olesale, 1.68¢ from Business Service, 21.09¢ from Permanent Residents~ etco Multiplying: .0238 x $26,400 = $630 .0168 x 26,400 = $440 .2109 x 26,400 = $5570 Wholesale Business Service Permanent Residents Thus, the $1,000~000 expansion of Construction has had an indirect impact upon Wholesale, Business Service, and Permauent Residents through. Automotive. Construction also has indirect impact'upon these three sectors $150 ~¢nolesale 180 Business Service 1760 Permanent Residents through_Rgtail of: .0124 x $11,800 = .0154 x 11,800 = .1495 x 11,800 = As well, construction has ¢%rec_.timpact upon these three sectors: Wholesale Business Service Permanent Residents .1227 x $1,000,000 = $122~700 · 0306 X 1,000,000 - 30,600 · 3873 x 1,000,000 = 387,300 By adding these three effects upon these three sectors, we ~y obtain 9nly part of the total eventual impact that a $1¢000,000 increase in construction will have upon these three sectors. Partial Eventual Impacts -10 - Permanent ~olesale Business Service Residents 15o 18o 1~76o 122,700 30~600 387~300 $1~3~ 480 3:L~ ~0 39~ 630 There are more indirect effects in the first round and then there are more rounds o£ indirect effects. Each sector which is increased by direct effect has an impact upon other sectors, which in turn have impact on others, which have impact on others and so on. The effects grow sm~ller and s~l]er as we go along~ reflecting the fact that all technical coef- ficients are less th~ 100%. As the effects grow smaller and sm~l_!er, they approach mathematical limits, which when added together completely across ~.uy row, give the total eventual impact upon one sector of that initial expansion of $1~000~000 in Construction. The labor required to calculate such values by hand would be prohibitive~ but the entire process may be carried out b~ an electronic computer in a m~tter of seconds through a process of matrix inversion. The result is ~ table of inter- dependency coefficients. See Table III. This table gives the coefficients of total eventual impact upon each sector which ~y be expected as a~result oF an exlm~usion of a particular sector. If we look~ for example~ at column 13 -- the Construction sector -- we see the follo~ring coefficients opposite rows 3~ 7~ and 17: .1678 x $1,000,000 = 167,800 %~olesale .1118 x 1,000,000 = /11,800 Business Service · 6582 x 1,O00,O00 = 658,200 Permanent Residents We see that each of these figures is significantly larger than the partial impacts we calculated earlier. We see, therefore~ that the Interdependency table~ in each column~ gives coefficients for the total eventual impact upon each of the row- sectors resulting from a change in the total sales volume of the sector which the particular col%~u represents. The initial change can be either positive or negative. An increase in one sector %~ll lead to increases of varying intensity in each of the other sectos. A decrease in the initial sector will lead to decreases in the other sectors. Comparatively: for e~m~risle we can qua~tii~y the total event~ impact upon, say, the Per~uent Resident sector resulting from a $1,000,000 increase in any of three different initial sectors: Manufacturing, Fishings Farming. Manufacturing Fishing Farming Interdependency Increase Coefficient (from in Sales row (17)) $1,000~000 X .3690 1,000,000 X °9094 1,000,000 X -7577 Total Event,,~l Impact upon Per~uent Resident Sector = $369,000 = 9o9,~oo = 757,7oo This gives no indication~ ho.~ever, of the physical feasibility of expanding, say, the Fishing or Farming sectors in Southold Town. This is merely a statement of what the results of such expansions would be if they were possible, From a superficial glance at the above data, it would ~% -i c appear as if a~ expansion of the Fishing industry would be more enez ~a~ to the Permanent Residents than an e~pansion in E~nufact~ring. Howevers another question we must ask is how ~much investment is required in each sector to raise its total annual output by ~l,000sO00. The Investment~ Output ratio varies greatly ~oug v~rious types of industries ~ Still other question is who is most likely to invest -- Townspeople or rations from out of tc~m~ etc. Thuss there are m~ny factors that' inter- relate to determine ~'how easy" relatively it wo~ld be to raise output by a given ~mount in one - or another type of industz~y~ It will be h~lpf~l to make the distinction between relatively more independent and more dependent sectors (in terms of demand for outp~t)~ which is also the degree to which the outputs of the various sectors are sold to buyers out of the town. The independent sectors can be viewed as the independent variables in a regression equation -- or as the p~rameters of an economic system. The dependent sectors vary in output according to ch~uges in the independent sectors. It is not logical to expect a depen~ dent sector to expand or contract on its own without some causal influence from a change in an independent sector. The independent sectors are: ~ufacturing, Fish Processing~ (and Fis~ing)~ Farm Supply (and Farming, Federal' Governments and Seasonal People. Demand for the outputs of goods or services produced by these, sectors is determined by factors external to the economy of Southold To~m. On the supp.l.~ side~ in terms of increased utilization of some of the inputs into these sectors, there may be physical restrictions such as lack of additional farmlands or biological problems ~.rlth the oyster indus%ry~ etc. Therefores speaking in terms of supply, these sectors are not so independent. Two other sectors Eay be thought of as partiality independent: Boating and Per~nent Residents~ because the dew~nd for the outputs of these sectors is partially determined by factors exogenous to the Town's economy. The Boating sector sells services to ~y yachtsmen who have no connection ~ith Southeld Town~ except by water. Thus~ it E~y be possible to th~nk in terms of an expansion of the Boat-service industz~y simply on the basis of an appeal to this external de, nd for more business o Secondly~ as Southold expends as a retirement cc~m~_fty and as a residential suburb for commuters who work out of the to~na~ a growing proportion of the Per- manent Residents sector is being determined by factors external to the local economy. The other sectors from Retail through non-Profit may be thought of primarily as dependent sectors. The great bulk of their outputs are goods or services sold locally~ in the language of Economic Base Analysis~ "LoCal-service'' activities sold to support the residents of the region itself° In the s~e language our independent sectors would be termed '~asic" activities~ 'because they sell to outside w~kets~ Toward Priorities for Development: ~'te have often heard the question~ "~nat type o£ growth wo~ld be best for Southold To, m?" The question has Eany answers~ depending upon the vantage point of the person or group answering. ~1 1 of us have co--on sense notions about these things aud psrhaps these are the most relevant guide lines because it is only through co, non-sense type reasoning that we can include all the non-quantifiable social and h~uistic considerations o The follow,lng discussion is from a purely economic point of view~ using economic indices as measures and takes no account of the subjective considerations of expanding one sector verses another.. It is 'onderstood as well that many of the factors contributing to expansion or contraction of sectors within Southold~s economy in the next ten or fifteen years are beyond the control of the local residents. However, the people of Southold wil~l have the pr~E~ry responsibility for the develol~nent of their Town in the years ahead° When asking which directions to take in development of the economy, we often wonder about the magnitudes of the present contributions of the various activities to the general economy. One way of looking at this could be to ascertain the relative contributions of the eighteen sectors of our model to the Permanent Residents sector (reflecting labor payment, return to proprietors, interest earned, rent payments, etc.). These relative contributions are shown in percentage terms in Table V. Roughly 40% of the payments from Business Service to Permanent Residents (row columu 07) are interest payments from B~ks, making that sectors' contri- bution appear abnormally large o Another way of looking at the contributions of the various sectors to the general economy is hypothetics~l~y to remove sectors one at a time f~om the economy and to observe how much of a decline in other business activities would result. To "remove" a sector, we reduce its exports to zero~ thus the "local-service" aspects of a sector's total output are allowed to continue, but all production for sale to the outside ceases. Again~ ~¢e are speaking only of the .independent (or exporting) sectors. The dollar figures sho~ in Table IV were obtained by multiplying the total export amounts (shox~n~ at the bottom) by the interdependency coefficients from Table III. Table IV gives the amounts by which each of the sectors listed along the left margin would be reduced event~_~!ly as a result of reducing to zero the e~orts of each sector sh~m at the top. For purposes of simplicity Fishing and Fish Processing were combined as were Farms and Farm Supply. ~Te can see~ for exs ~w~o. le, that the removal of all exports from the Manufacturing sector would lead event~lly to a decline of $391~000 in Total Retail sales.. ;~hereas, removal of the exports of the Fis?~lng industry would bring on an $857,000 decline in Total Retail sales. And thus we may continue, hypothetically removing one sector at a time and checking the impact upon Total Retail sales. The figures in column seventeen of Table IV were derived just like the others -- by multiplying through the interdependency coefficients by the dollar amount of .expo. rt.s, in this case of the Permanent Resident sector. The exports of thiss~ctor consist prim~.Fily of labor servides rendered to firms out of Town by c¢..~.~Gters and retirement living (for ~rhich service Pensions, social security, dividends, etc. are received). Thus, removal of all commuters and retirees from the Per~anent Resident sector would result in the declines listed in column seventeen. Nearly the entire out- put of the Seasonal People sector may be considered as export because they bring their money in with them from out of Town. The services of recre- ation and resort living are exported. Alternatively, by reversing direction, we may view all the figttres in Table IV as the positive changes induced in the various sectors resulting from increasing the ei~ort volumes of the independent sectors by lO0~ (doubling the ex~orts). ~Ye may no~, say for example that doubling the exports of the Manufacturing sector would lead to an increase of $149~000 --16N in Total sales of the Automotive sector~ whereas, a doubling of the export volume of the Fishing industry would induce ~000 of increased Total Automotive sales o By using row seventeen Total Return to Per~uent Residents as the measure of the beneficial nature of various changes we m~y make some comparisons ~ For example~ a ~0% increase in the Seasonal People sector woul~ have more impact upon returns to Permanent Residents tha~ a doubling of the present level of ~nufacturing activity. (Assuming no radical chsmge in the input mix to ~nufact~ring.) Increasing the Fishing sectors caused by by 50% wo~ld lead to the sa~e effect -~ that / a doubling of the facturing sector ~ Conversely it can be calculated the effect of ~ 50~ decline in Agricultural activity could be offset by a l~ increase over the current number of Co~.~ters and Retirees° ~n~acturing activity would have to rise to ~.~ times its present level to make up the deficit t~t wo~d be created if the Agricul~tur~l Research Center on Plum Island closed dow~o ~ such comparisons can be made (emphasizing again that our criterion of m~asure has been strictly the monetary return to Permanent Residents.) Obviously other factors are very important: the cost of schooling for the children of new residents, a balance between expanding home construction and maintenance of the spacious rural environment~ the seasonality of employment~ etc. O~t1 r2_.~T 60~tg 6~9~8~ O00~E 991 gl6r~ oo~ ~ 6~ 00~ ~g 8~0~ 96E oot ~90rg o~ E6I ~xo~ o'~ 0'9 - 60 9'~£~ ~'~x 90 - ~o 8'~ ~o 8'8~ ~£o o'~tt o'~ .~o~ (s~mIToG ~o spu~esuou~z u~ ~a~o.~ YIV) ~J ~Og~ o~ ~'~9 0'6 ~'96t 0'~ II O~ go ~.o 9o ~o ~o ~o ~0 ~0 ~'61:9 0'6 ~' 96~ ~ ' 69t o'9~ · ~suoo o~9'9 £8~% ~96~ oo9'~ oo~ o~ (X~tmoo ~o_~uo ~ (~uuoo ~o ~ ~ ~gg'9 £~O~E 6~6~g ~90~ £99~ 0£9~ T~E'~ TS~ ~O6 9Ig~T ~91~ 6OT~E O6~ ~ £~ 9~ ~ ~08~ (sa~TTOG $o spu~snoq~% u~ s~.rc~ IIV) XllL%VN ~0~,¢ ~0 SHOIZDVEk~cLZ j ~ Or-~O 0 0 ~ ! ~- o.o.q o , 8 0~ cO ~- 0 ~ 0 0 o~ 0 I 0~-~ ooo~ 8 o~,, ,8, 8,8 o~ ~ o'l 0 C,J 0 0 oD 0 o ~o cO 0 ,-4 ~- 0 o~ 0~ 0 · ~ ~ 0 ~ 00~ o~ ~ O0 0 ~ O0 000 O~ ~ 000 I ! 0 O i I O0 I 000 OM I 0 0 0 O~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 g 0 0 0 0 ~-~ o~ -~ o ooo %8~ ~.~o~ ~o ooo ooo o.o.o. 0~.-~ ~8© O~ co 00', ~do ooo o ooo ooo o~0o 0~.0~0 000 ~00 000 000 0~00 ~-~ 0~ Oo~~ ~ o ,-~ 00 000 O00 O00 000 0 c~O ~- · ..~ [--I.~ O0 0 kO 0~-~ ~o ~.~.o, ~o ~oo o ~o~ o~o 0 , ~ oo~o~ o~ -~oo ~ o~- ~00o =o ~ ~.o.o ooo ~oo o ~oo o~0o ~.. 8qq"~ 0~OOaoo o0~8oo ~°o~-o 8~-°o o~ ~oo o~o o~o ~. oO' ~.qq qo, o qqo. o. qo o.o.q ~-. ,-I~O~ 0 0'3o'~ 0 0 ~ 0 ~-OkO O~ 0 0 0 ~-~ 0 0 O0 0 ~-IO 0 ~ oo~ ~ ~oo o~ ~ ~o ~o ~oo o~0~ o~8o o~o ,-~ .~-~o~o 0~oo ooo ~o0~ ooo o.o.o, o~oo oo~ ~og~o 8 ~o~oo 00~ o~ ,-4 (~ 0 0 ,il 0 ~ BASIS TABLE V (Tentative) Permanent Resident Roar (Payments t__oRes.) Columu O1 O2 03 O4 05 06 07 % 5.88 3,68 2,21 2.69 4.34 3.60 10~72 $ 19~7 1196 717 873 1410 1169 3480 Cold-ma 08 09 10 11 12 13 14  2.70 2.76 2.65 4.95 1.75 7.66 6c90 878 897 861 1606 569 2486 2240 Res Seas Cty Out Total 15 16 17 18 19 19 20 7-99 .86 .21 .71 14.~0 12~94 100.00 2594 278.3 68 232 4,800 4,200 32,461 Percent Comparison of Total Eventual Impacts of the Independent Sectors upon the Permanent Resident Row Fish & Mfg. Fish Proc. Column 08 09,10 ~ 4.3o 9.3l $ 1,238 2,677 Federal Commuters Govt. & Retirees Col~u 14 17 lo.o6 43.o8 (11.79! ~ 2,893 12,391(3,391) Farm & Farm Supply ll~12 l0.86 3,122 Seasonal People 18 22.39 6,439 Total 2O lO0.O0 28~760 TYPOLOGY -- SECTOP~IZATION FOR 1T~PUT-OLFIFt~ MODEL Southold To~.m~ Long Island, New York David W. Morton and David J. Allee Department of Agricultural Economics Cornell University Ithaca, New York O1 General Retail Oll Grocery 012 Liquor OIS Drugs 014 Miscelaueous Retail Clotking, Shoes, Variety, Dry goods, Books, Stationery~ Gilles, Antiques, Jewelry, Cigars, Photography, Department Stores, etc. 015 Furniture and Appliance 016 Fuel oil, Coal, and Bottled gas 02 Automotive 021 Gas Stations, Garages, Body shops 022 Automotive sales _0F %~olesale and Buildin~ materials 031 Gasoline ~.~holesale 032Marine Supply wholes-le 033 M~scelaneous wholesale 034 Building materials and Hardware LUmber yards, Pl~bing 2upply,-Masonry supply, Hardware stores, Garden supply stores Boating 041 Boating A~t recreational boating activities, including: Boat and equipment sales, boat repair (including commercial boat repair), M~rinas, Fishing stations, charter boats, etco 05 Motel, Restauran~ etc. (Personal services highly oriented to the s~m~er trade) O51 Restaurant 052 B~rs 053 ~k)tels, e. tc. Motels, Hotels, Tourist Homes, Rooming Houses, Short-term and Medium- term Tourist Cabins 054 Indoor Recreation Movies, Bo~,~ing, Billiards~ Skating Rinks 055 Outdoor Recreation Golf courses, Miniature golf, Driving tee, Horseback riding: Sn~,~er · Camps 06 Personal Service (Remaining personal service activities) 061 B~rber shops, Beauty shops 062 Medical Doctors, Dentists, Veterinarians 0~3 Morticians 064 ~undry and Dry Cleaning 065 :~Liscelaneous Personal Service TV and Radio Repair, Tailor, Shoe repair, Gardening, Garbage collection~ Surveyor, Travel Agency, Piano tuning, Organ repai~, M~id service O? Business Service 071 Banking 072 Insurance agents 073 Real Estate agents 074 Lawyers 075 Accountants 076 Advertising, Printing and Newspapers 077 Truckers 078 Public Transportation Bus, Taxi, Ferry, Air Charter 08 ~.~anufacturing 081 ~.~anufacturing 09 Fishin~ 091Fishermen (all kinds including shell fisheries) lO Fish Processing lO1 Fish processing 11 Farms lll Farms ll2 Dairies 12 Farm Supply 121 Farm Supply and Marketing Firms Construction lB1 Nursery, etc. Nursey, Greenhouse~ Florist, Landscaper, Exca~tion Eontr~ctors, Top Soil, Fill, Gravel lB2 General Construction General Contractors 133 Other Construction Asphalt contractors, ~recking contractors 1~4 Marine Construction Dock Building, B~,l~head ~ork 135 Re~ir Plumbers, Painters, Electricians, ~ason ~ntractors, Cesspool Cabinet ~kers, Carpenters, (carpenters differ from general contractors in that they do not contract to build complete homes) 136 Machine Shops and Bl'~ck~miths 14 Federal Gover~nt t~l Agricultural Animal Disease Research Center 1~2 Post Offices 15 Local Governed. ut 151 All local public or governmental activities, town and village govern- ments, p~rk districts, village electric plant, hospital~ schools-~ public and parochial~ fire departments, police~ etc. 16 Hon -Proi~itt 161 ChurChes 162 Voluntary associations Libraries, Historical societies, ~s~m~ all service clubs, youth organizations, private beach association~ cemeteri-es 17 Permanent Residents 171 Permanent Residents (That portion of the householders who have their year-round residence in the town) 18 Seasonal Residents and Visitors 181 Seasonal residents and visitors (Those householders who spend more than three months a3~Y from Southold; and short-termvis~ors by car or by boat) 19 T~port (or Export) 191 Remainder of Suffolk County 192 Rest of the ~orld