HomeMy WebLinkAboutEM41 Site of WindmillNEW YORK STATE HISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE INVENTORY FORM
For Office Use OnlY--Site Identifier EM-41
Project Identifier Historip structures Survey ,SoutI101dDate · September 1987
Your Name Town of SoutholdjSPLIA Phpne (516 --L7....:::6~5--=-18~9.L..:2"--____
Address 'rovm Hall, [Ilain Rd.
Southold, LI NY
Zip 11971
Organization (if any) Southold Town Community Development Office
l. Site Identifier(s) _E_a--:s::-t__ :"-;",,i-:-n d"-,p~o wered gr i s t mill)Ii_la_r-;l:-"_o;::-n----:;-W-:;-i_n_Ld_m,-i_l_l_-'o:;(w ...
2. County Suffoli<.: One of following: City
Township Southold
Incorporated Village
Unincorporated Village or
Hamlet
3. Present Owner East Marion Comm. Church
Address Main,-m., East Marlon
Zip
4. Site Description (check all appropriate categories):
Structure/site
Superstructure: complete __partial collapsed not evident x
Foundation: above below (ground level) not evident x
Structural subdivisions apparent __Only surface traces VIsible
Buried traces detected
List construction materials (be as specific as possible):
Wood shingles and timber
Grounds
Under cultivation Sustaining erosion Woodland __Upland
Never cultivated Previously cultivated Floodplain Pas-ct':'::2 ._~ .:L
Soil Drainage: excellent __ good ~ fair poor
Slope: flat __ gentleL-moderate __ steep__
Distance to nearest water from structure (approx.)
see DOT map
Elevation:
5. Site Investigation (append additional sheets, if necessary) :
Surface--date(s)
Site Map (Submit with form*)
--Collection
Subsurface--date(s)
Testing: shovel coring other unit size
no. ofuni ts (Submi t plan of units with form*-)--
Excavation: unit size no. of units
(Submit plan of units with form*)
* Submission should be 8~"xll", if feasible
Investigator none ______
Manuscript or published report (s) (reference fully):
None known
Present repository of mate::::-ials none kno vm --~~~.~~~----------------------------
Page 2 EM-4l
6. Site inventory:
~. date or early 19th centuryconstructed occupation period
b. previous owners, if known John Terry, c. 1900 (?)
c. modifications, if known
(append additional sheets, if necessary)
7. Site documentation (append additional sheets, if necessary):
a. Historic map references
1) Name Chace Map Date 1 8 58 Source
Present location of original, if known
2) Name Beers, ComstoclDate 1 8 73 Source
Present location of original, if known
b. Representation in existing photography
1) Photo date 1 8 80 Where located SPLIA, Setauket
2) Photo da~e Where located
c. Primary and secondary source documentation (reference fully)
Bayles, rtichard M. Hist o rical and De s criptive ,s k e tches of
;..:,.S;..:,.u....,f,-f_o-'-l"'-k_C___o-:u:-n_t~y. Port Jeffers on, 1874 I pub. by the author. p. 3 85.
Hefner, Robert J. Windmills of Long I s land. New York: W. W.
No rt on, 1983. p. 65.d. Persons with memory of site:
1) Name Address
2) Name Address
8. List of material remains other than those used in construction (be
as specific as possible in identifying object and material) :
None known.
If prehistoric materials are evident, check here and fill out
prehistoric site form.
9. Map References: Map or maps showing exact location and extent of
site must accompany this form and must be identified
by source and date. Keep this submission to 8~"xll",
if feasible.
USGS 7~ Minute Series Quad. Name
For Office Use Only--UTM Coordinates
10. Photography (optional for environmental impact survey):
Please submit a 5"x7" black and white print(s) showing the current
state of the site. Provide a label for the print(s) on a separate
sheet.
Form prepared by Kurt Kahofer, research assistant.
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Internal Capstan Winding Mechanism.
A unique sys tem for turnin g the cap fTOm
within the mill is fuund in the Gardiner's
Is land Windm ill ;lIld four of the other su rviv
ing Long Island Windmills. The miller and a
h e lper, using two carst<ln bars, tum an ur
right sh aft, whi c h ex tend s from the floor to
the ceiling at the first level of the mill. A
lantern rin ion, m o unted n ea r the top of the
shaft. dri ves a srur gear un a n o ther s haft
which extends ur throug h the second fl oor to
the curb. On top of this shaft a trund Ie wheel
dri ves against <l circ ul a r rJck s uspe nded from
the cap frame, thus revolving th e cap.
This internal capstan winding mechan
ism is also founci in the Gardiner Windmill
(180 4). the Hook Windmill (1806), and the
Shelter Isla nd Windmill (18lO), a ll built by
Nathaniel Dominy V. It was used in the
Guod Ground Windmill built by Nathaniel
Dominy V in 1807, and in the Orient Wind
mill said to have been built by Dominy V
in 1810. 111e Pantigo WinJmill, built by
Samuel Schellinger in 1804. also had this
internal winding mechanism.
No o ther American windmill or extant En
glis h windmill ha s this particular winding
mechanism. The sys t em was undo ubtedly
developed on eastern Long Is land, probabl y
by Nathaniel Dum iny V. It most likely de
rives from a sys tem u sed by Rhode Island
millwrights. whi c h they adupted from
windmills in th" west of England.
In the Rhode Is land mill s . the rack is fixed to
the curb and the driving mechanism is in th e
cap, just the rever,e of the arrangement found
u n Long bland . The Jamestown Windmill
(179S) in Jamestow n , Rhode Island . and
th e Pre scott Farm Windmill (1812) in
Middletown. Rhode Island a rc winded by
me ansufa h andchainwhee l onthecapand
a rac k fixed to th e curb. A large pulley wheel,
muunted tothe re arof thec ar , is operated by
a loop of chain which re ac he s to the ground.
"EM 41
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Thedriveofthechai nwh eelax leistransmit-I . : :;:>. -1
ted through reductio n gea rs inside the cap to i ~~/;. ,; j ~
apinionwhichdrivesthecaparoundonan . v /" . ,;'
Iron rack mounted on topofthe curb. ~/ : r' j
A transitional stcr from the Rhude Is land I. .. r"
system tn the sy s tt:tn (ounJ in the [)otniny V / ! -;' ':
mill s may havc occurred in the ea rly nine-i>$' '
~
tcenthCcntufY E:lst Mari o n \Vindnlifl no :, _ ~ ~. ,,I
lungerex t <lnt. An a rticle aho utthe windmill ' " r-L--___'-. u bservesthatthcclp"swingsabout(asit lJl '
is required to veer the arm, to the wind)
o n rolicrso~r :Hcd by ruJe machinery .
within .. . " 24111<: box·like s tructure pro·
jecting from the re ,l[ of the cap must have
sheltert:d sc)me rc cilicti on gearing for turn
ing the caron a rack mountt:d (111 the curb.
'The "nlde machillery within" Ill ay h ave
j /'
~_____ _
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been a C<lrSt:lfl o r a wlPch. 54 Gardiner's Island Windmill, imernal caps tan winding mechanis m isometric.
64 Hefner, Robert J.
Windmills of Long Island. 1983
55 G a rdiner's I s land Windmill. trundle
wheel at [Op of upr ight shaft and sec [ion of ~
ca p rack. ~
56 Prescott Farm Windmill. Middle[own,
Rhode Island. No[e pullev wheel and endless
chain fo r revolving [he cap.
57 East Marion Windmill in 1880. The EaS[
Marion Windmill o n Long Isl a n d's North
Fork had four floors and an ogee cap. An
article in Harpers New Monthly Magazine for
1878s[ates [hat [his mill was buil[ "around
1800." In [he:rc=: photograph, the miller
holds [he brake rope, which leadsou[ through
[he back of [he cap.
I s land.
"Presen 'ing Your Bit of HislOty" The P eco nic B3Y Sh o pper September·7. 1984 -----------21
ntinued from page 76
The R.C. Tuthill Store, ·mostly referred to as "The Old Store" not onlyProbably 7898 -The East Marion Mill on Cemetery Hill
sold groceries, provisions and hardware but served as the East Marion
Post Office as well.
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170. John Terry, Milier, East Marion, ca. 1900.John Terry of
Orient, about 70 years old at the time of this picture, ran one of the
mills still turning at the beginning of the twentieth century. His
family name is weU known in Long Island history, two forebears
being among the people known to have been in Southold town
before 1653 . The miller had to be both strong and skillful to operate
and maintain his mill , Every bushel of wheat had to be carried up a
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~ , flight of stairs to the hopper that poured it onto the millstones, ~Pi There were some men who were able to carry as many as fiveH:lrs H:l bushels at a time up the steps. The miller also had to pull the huge IT o sail wheel around with a hooked stick to mount the sails. Running a
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f-" f-' mill was no job for a daydreamer. If the wind shifted, the sails had to~
be rotated to face it again. If the wind picked up too much, sail o might have to be reduced . It was also necessary to adjust the
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,I o spacing of the millstones so that they ground weU , but did not jam ,~ f-" ;:J (Phot ograph iJy L. Vinttm Richard; Oysterponds Hist orical Society,)0 . IT ~ 1:li' 17°1 ,~.;:J
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