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HomeMy WebLinkAboutPesticide Application and Water QualityD E C N e w Y o r k S t a t e G e o r g e E . P a t a k i , G o v e r n o r P e s t i c i d e A p p l i c a t i o n a n d W a t e r Q u a l i t y P R E P A R E D B Y : N Y S D E P A R T M E N T O F E N V I R O N M E N T A L C O N S E R V A T I O N D I V I S I O N O F S O L I D & H A Z A R D O U S M A T E R I A L S A N D T H E N Y S W A T E R R E S O U R C E S I N S T I T U T E P r i n t e d o n R e c y c l e d P a p e r 1 0 P e r c e n t P o s t - C o n s u m e r C o n t e n t A u g u s t 2 0 0 4 Prevent or minimize drift and runoff• Select the correct pesticide formulation(granulars, soil fumigation and injectors)for the type of application to be made,given site and soil conditions, to avoidleaching to groundwater or runoff tosurface water.• Be aware of applications next toimpervious surfaces or paved areas,such as sidewalks and roads. These canresult in pesticides carried in runoff tosurface water.• Avoid leaving puddles of pesticides asthey may leach to groundwater or runoff to surface water.• Check for buffers between field cropsand surface water which can interceptrunoff and prevent it from traveling towaterways.Calibrate Often and Us e C o r r e c t N o z z l e s • Calibrate application e q u i p m e n t ; i t i s a n important first step in m i n i m i z i n g r i s k o f contaminating water re s o u r c e s . • Check calibration fre q u e n t l y t o e n s u r e pesticides are delivered a t t h e p r o p e r r a t e . • Use the right nozzle f o r t h e j o b , a n d replace nozzles that ar e t o o s m a l l , t o o large or worn.• Operate nozzles at th e a p p r o p r i a t e pressure.• Be aware that unnece s s a r i l y h i g h pressure increases no z z l e w e a r a n d t h e possibility of pesticide d r i f t . Prevent Spills and Bac k - S i p h o n i n g • Avoid mixing and load i n g p e s t i c i d e s n e a r wells and other water s o u r c e s . • Clean pesticide spills i m m e d i a t e l y . • Use approved anti-si p h o n i n g d e v i c e s o n all chemigation equip m e n t . D i s p o s e o f P e s t i c i d e s a n d C o n t a i n e r s P r o p e r l y • I t i s i l l e g a l t o d i s p o s e o f p e s t i c i d e s i m p r o p e r l y . • C h o o s e t h e b e s t m e t h o d o f d i s p o s a l t h a t p r o t e c t s p e o p l e a n d t h e e n v i r o n m e n t , b y : - F o l l o w i n g t h e p r o d u c t l a b e l i n s t r u c t i o n s f o r p e s t i c i d e a n d c o n t a i n e r d i s p o s a l ; - T r i p l e - r i n s i n g c o n t a i n e r s h o l d i n g l i q u i d f o r m u l a t i o n , p u n c t u r i n g t h e t o p a n d b o t t o m , a n d c r u s h i n g f l a t ; - R e c y c l i n g p e s t i c i d e c o n t a i n e r s ; a n d , - N e v e r b u r y i n g p e s t i c i d e c o n t a i n e r s , a s r e s i d u e s i n t h e c o n t a i n e r s m a y c o n t a m i n a t e w a t e r r e s o u r c e s . P e s t i c i d e A p p l i c a t i o n a n d W a t e r Q u a l i t y T h i s b r o c h u r e i s a v a i l a b l e f r o m t h e N Y S D E C ’ s A l b a n y , N Y a n d r e g i o n a l o f f i c e s a n d o n t h e N Y S D E C w e b s i t e , h t t p : / / w w w . d e c . s t a t e . n y . u s . E r i n M . C r o t t y , C o m m i s s i o n e r D2DTank ContainingPesticides waterTop o f t a n k / f l o o d l e v e l Pes t i c i d e / w a t e r l e v e l N e w Y o r k S t a t e D e p a r t m e n t o f E n v i r o n m e n t a l C o n s e r v a t i o n W A T E R Q U A L I T Y P R O T E C T I O N T I P S F O R P R O F E S S I O N A L A P P L I C A T O R S Anti-Siphoning D e v i c e Note:D = diameter of wa t e r s u p p l y p i p e 2D = double the di a m e t e r o f w a t e r s u p p l y pipe. In no case s h a l l t h e a i r - g a p b e less than one (1) i n c h . Selecting and Applying P e s t i c i d e s • For details on pesticide p r o p e r t i e s , s u c h as those listed here, rev i e w t h e Department’s product re g i s t r a t i o n l e t t e r s at http://pmep.cce.corne l l . e d u / p i m s . Important Pesticide Pro p e r t i e s • How easily a pesticide d i s s o l v e s i n w a t e r (solubility);• Whether pesticides stic k t o s o i l p a r t i c l e s (adsorption) instead of t r a v e l l i n g t h r o u g h the soil to groundwater;• How quickly a pesticide e v a p o r a t e s (volatility) when applied; a n d , • How quickly a pesticide i s b r o k e n d o w n b y soil microbes (degradati o n ) . Important Soil Propertie s • How much organic mat t e r t h e r e i s i n t h e soil to retain pesticides a n d w a t e r ; • Whether air spaces and w o r m h o l e s (macropores) exist, whic h w o u l d a l l o w r a p i d flow through the soil;• Whether the soil texture i s s a n d y o r c o n t a i n s clay;• How quickly water can p a s s t h r o u g h t h e s o i l (permeability); and,• How saturated the soils a r e w h e n a p p l y i n g pesticides. I m p o r t a n t S i t e C o n d i t i o n s S e v e r a l c o n d i t i o n s i n f l u e n c e w h i c h a p p l i c a t i o n t e c h n i q u e s s h o u l d b e u s e d t o p r e v e n t p e s t i c i d e s l e a c h i n g t o g r o u n d w a t e r , r u n n i n g o f f t o s u r f a c e w a t e r , o r d r i f t i n g o u t o f t h e t a r g e t e d a r e a . B e a w a r e o f : • T h e b e s t t i m e t o a p p l y a p e s t i c i d e ; • L o c a t i o n s o f w a t e r b o d i e s a n d a l l w e l l s ; • D e p t h o f t h e w a t e r t a b l e ; • S o i l t y p e a n d s l o p e o f t h e l a n d ; a n d , • C u r r e n t a n d f o r e c a s t w e a t h e r c o n d i t i o n s . Q . H o w c a n o n e l e a r n t o p r o p e r l y a p p l y p e s t i c i d e s ? A . T h e r e a r e s e v e r a l w a y s . • R e a d a n d f o l l o w t h e p e s t i c i d e l a b e l . T h e l a w r e q u i r e s t h a t p e s t i c i d e p r o d u c t l a b e l s b e f o l l o w e d . L a b e l s p r o v i d e v a l u a b l e i n f o r m a t i o n o n p o t e n t i a l e n v i r o n m e n t a l h a z a r d s , i n c l u d i n g a n y u s e r e s t r i c t i o n s r e l a t e d t o w a t e r r e s o u r c e s . L a b e l s c a n a l s o h e l p a p p l i c a t o r s c h o o s e t h e : - p e s t i c i d e w h i c h b e s t c o n t r o l s t a r g e t p e s t s ; - p e s t i c i d e l e a s t h a r m f u l t o a q u a t i c o r g a n i s m s ; a n d , - a p p l i c a t i o n m e t h o d s t o k e e p t h e p e s t i c i d e w i t h i n t h e a r e a t o b e t r e a t e d a n d a w a y f r o m w a t e r r e s o u r c e s . • S e e k p e s t i c i d e a p p l i c a t o r t r a i n i n g c o u r s e s . • R e a d p e s t i c i d e a p p l i c a t o r t r a i n i n g m a n u a l s . • C o n s u l t l o c a l s p e c i a l i s t s o n s o i l p r o p e r t i e s . Q . W h a t a r e t h e m o s t i m p o r t a n t p r a c t i c e s t o f o l l o w ? A . A l l p r a c t i c e s l i s t e d i n t h e p e s t i c i d e a p p l i c a t o r t r a i n i n g m a n u a l a r e i m p o r t a n t t o u s e . F o u r p r i m a r y w a t e r p r o t e c t i o n p r a c t i c e s i n c l u d e t h e f o l l o w i n g : P r e v e n t o r m i n i m i z e d r i f t a n d r u n o f f • A v o i d a p p l y i n g p e s t i c i d e s i n w i n d y c o n d i t i o n s . P e s t i c i d e s f r o m h i g h - p r e s s u r e s p r a y e r s a n d m i s t b l o w e r s c a n d r i f t o f f t a r g e t a n d c o n t a m i n a t e s u r f a c e w a t e r . S e t t h e b o o m h e i g h t a s c l o s e a s p o s s i b l e t o t h e t a r g e t . Pestici d e A p p l i c a t i o n a n d W a t e r Q u a l i t y Four Major Compo n e n t s o f S o i l m i n e r a l p a r t i c l e g a s e s o r g a n i c m a t t e r w a t e r C l a y S a n d W a t e r , S a n d a n d C l a y S a n d y s o i l s h a v e l e s s o r g a n i c m a t t e r a n d l a r g e p a r t i c l e s o f s o i l . T h e y t h e r e f o r e a r e l e s s a b l e t o h o l d w a t e r i n t h e s o i l , a l l o w i n g p e s t i c i d e s a n d w a t e r t o t r a v e l q u i c k l y t h r o u g h t o g r o u n d w a t e r . O n t h e o t h e r h a n d , c l a y s o i l s h o l d w a t e r l o n g e r , a n d c a n r e a d i l y f o r m s u r f a c e p u d d l e s o f p e s t i c i d e s . T h i s c a n l e a d t o r u n o f f t o w a t e r b o d i e s . Water is a vital resource for all life. Itis vulnerable to contamination bypesticides. This brochure providesinformation for professional pesticideapplicators, who have the responsibility toprotect water quality through:• Understanding the relationship betweensoils, water and pesticides;• Learning how to properly apply pesticidesto protect water resources; and,• Using best management practices at alltimes.Q. Why is the relationship betweensoils, water and pesticidesimportant?A.Understanding this relationship can helpprevent contamination of ground andsurface water from pesticides. Pesticidesand their properties, soil types, andconditions at the treatment site, affect therate that pesticide-laden water eithertravels through the soil as leachate togroundwater or runs off impervioussurfaces at the site to surface water.Following is more information aboutthese crucial relationships.Selecting and Applying Pesticides• Most pesticide applications have thepotential to contaminate water resources,so it is essential to select pesticides orapplication methods carefully.• Surface and subsurface applications havethe greatest contamination potential.• Before choosing a pesticide, review theproduct label for ground and surface wateradvisories.