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Home My WebLink AboutTR-7137Jill M. Doherty, President James F. King, Vice-President Dave Bergen Bob Ghosio, Jr. John Bredemeyer Town Hall Annex 54375 Main Road P.O. Box 1179 Southold, New York 11971-0959 Telephone(631) 765-1892 Fax(631) 765-6641 October 20, 2010 BOARD OF TOWN TRUSTEES TOWN OF SOUTHOLD Mr. Robert E. Hen'mann En-Consultants, Inc. 1319 North Sea Rd. Southampton, NY 11968 RE: 9105 SKUNK LANE, LLC 9105 SKUNK LANE, CUTCHOGUE SCTM#104-3-18.1 Dear Mr. Herrmann: The following action was taken by the Southold Town Board of Trustees at their Regular Meeting held on Wed., October 20, 2010: RESOLVED, that the Southold Town Board of Trustees APPROVES the Amendment to Wetland Permit #7137 to reflect the reduction in the size of the approved dwelling from 55'X 50' to 30'X 50'; replacement of a 25'X 55' deck within the 100' setback to the structure, from 75' to 95', and as depicted on the survey prepared by Nathan Taft Corwin III last dated September 22, 2010. This is not a determination from any other agency. Sincerely, Jill I~ Doherty,-P-reside~ Boa~l of Trustees · JMD:lms James F. King, President Jill M. Dougherty, Vice-President Peggy A. Dickerson Dave Bergen Bob Ghosio, Jr. Town Hall 53095 Route 25 P.O. Box 1179 Southold, New York 11971-0959 Telephone (631 ) 765-1892 FAx (631 ) 765-1366 BOARD OF TOWN TRUSTEES TOWN OF SOUTHOLD LETTER OF REQUEST FOR AN AMENDMENT DATE October 12, 2010 OW N E R ~/* Anthony Loman~gino PHONE 561-541-6387 ADDRESS 11743 Belladonna Court, Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33418 AGENT En-Consultants, Inc. PHONE 631-283-6360 ADDRESS 1319 North Sea Road, Southampton, NY 11968 PROPERTY LOCATION 91~5 Skunk Lane, Cutchogue TAX MAP NO. 1000-104-3-18.1 1/We EN-CONSULTANTS, INC. request an Amendment to Permit # 7137 reduce size of the approved dwelling structure and increase the minimum wetlands setback from 75 to 95 feet, as depicted on the site plan prepared by Nathan Taft Corwin, III, Land Surveyor, last dated September 22, 2010. Signed By: ~ ROBERT RMANN, COASTAL MGMT. SPECIALIST of Trustees Applicatio~ AUTHORIZATION (where the applicant is not the owner) (print owner of property) (mailing address) do hereby authorize (Agent) to apply for permit(s) from the Southold Board of Town Trustees on my behalf. ' (Own~'s signature) ~ of Trustees Applicatio0 County of Sa,,~%lk-/9x4/_.~ ~ *~¢d ~q State of~;e~k P'2~,~/.DJ t4l a/TI4O t~)` ff-.~ /~P, td ~ /AJ o BEING DULY SWORN DEPOSES AND AFFIRMS THAT HE/SHE IS THE APPLICANT FOR THE ABOVE DESCRIBED PERMIT(S) AND THAT ALL STATEMENTS CONTAINED HEREIN ARE TRUE TO THE BEST OF HIS/HER KNOWLEDGE AND BELIEF, AND THAT ALL WORK WILL BE DONE IN THE MANNER SET FORTH IN THIS APPLICATION AND AS MAY BE APPROVED BY THE SOUTHOLD TOWN BOARD OF TRUSTEES. THE APPLICANT AGREES TO HOLD THE TOWN OF SOUTHOLD AND THE TOWN TRUSTEES HARMLESS AND FREE FROM ANY AND ALL DAMAGES AND CLAIMS ARIS1NG UNDER OR BY VIRTUE OF SAID PERMIT(S), IF GRANTED. IN COMPLETING THIS APPLICATION, I HEREBY AUTHORIZE THE TRUSTEES, THEIR AGENT(S) OR REPRESENTATIVES(S), TO ENTER ONTO MY PROPERTY TO INSPECT THE PREMISES IN CONJUNCTION WITH REVIEW OF THIS APPLICATION. Signature SWORN TO BEFORE ME THIS qq-~- DAY O~.~bm '~ ~,,t_ ,20 a ~ , Notary Public APPLICANT/AGENT/REPRESENTATIVE TRANSACTIONAL DISCLOSURE FORM The Town of Southold's Code of Ethics t)rohibits conflicts ofinteres[ 9n the part 9f town Officers and employees. The t~umose of this form is to vrovide infon'nation which can alert the town of r)ossible conflicts of interest and allow it to take whatever action is necessary to avoid same. YOURNAME: (Last name, first name, middle initial, unless you are applying in the name of someone else or other entlty, such as a cornpany. If so, indicate the other persoWs or company's name.) NAME OF APPLICATION: (Check all that apply.) Tax grievance Building Variance Trustee Change of Zone Coastal Erosion Approval of plat Mooring Exemption from plat or official map Planning Other (If"Other", name the activity.) Do you personally (or through your company, spouse, sibling, parent, or child) have a relationship with any officer or employee of the Town of Southold? "Relationship" includes by blood, marriage, or business interest. "Business interest" means a business, including a partnership, in which the town officer or employee has even a partial ownership of(or employmeot by) a corporation in which the town officer or employee owns more than 5% of the shares. YES NO ~' If you answered "YES", complete the balance of this form and date and sign where indicated. Name of person employed by the Town of Southold Title o~r position of that person Describe the relationship between yourself (the applicant/agentJrepresentative) and the town officer or employee. Either check the appropriate line A) through D) and/or describe in the space provided. The town officer or employee or his or her spouse, sibling, parent, or child is (check all that apply): __A) the owner of greater than 5% of the shares of the corporate stock of,the applicant (when the applicant is a corporation); B) the legal or beneficial owner of any interest in a non-corporate entity (when the appIicant is not a corporation); __C) an officer, director, partner, or employee of the applicant; or __D) the actual applicant. DESCRIPTION OF RELATIONSHIP Form TS 1 EN-CONSULTANTS, INC. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTING 1319 North Sea Road Southampton, New York 11968 631-283-6360 Fax: 631-283-6136 www. enconsultants.com October 12, 2010 REOIIEST FOR AN ADMINISTRATIVE AMENDMENT Town of Southold Board of Trustees Post Office Box 1179 Southold, New York 11971 Attn.: Lauren Standish Re: Anthony Lomangino 9105 Skunk Lane, Cutchogue SCTM #1000-104-3-18.1 Dear Ms. Standish: In regard to the above referenced property, enclosed are the following for the Board of Trustees review: Three (3) Wetland Permit Applications including a) authorization & disclosure forms, and b) surveys. Application fee of $50.00. I trust this information shall allow you to process our permit request. Should any additional information b~required, please do not hesitate to contact our office. SRob~ E.,~rely He~ 1 lllann - Coastal Management Specialist Enc. 10/12/2010 12:30 FAX 6312536136 EN-CONSULTANTS,INC, ~001 1319 Nort~ Sea Road Southaml:~on, NY 11968 Phone: (631) 283-6360 Fax: (631) 283..6136 www.enco~sultants.com J En-Consultants, Inc. ~ Lauren Standish1 Fmw~ Rob Herrmann FaE 765-6641 ~ -3- ~ 765-1892 ~ October 12, 2010 k Wetlands Pen'nit l,I o. 7137 cc~ · ~ Hi La~.~ren, ~ caplioned pemlit was b-ansfmmd into the name of my client, "Skunk Lane Trust* on April 21=. M~, client wishes now to amend the permit to reflect an updated plan, the relevant portion of which follows I'erewith, along with the relavant portion of the currently approved plan. The differences in the pr,)ject inctude: 1. Reduction in the size of the approved dwelling from 55' x 50' (2,750 sf font~nt) to 30' x 50' (1,500 2. Replacement of ~ 25' x 55' (1,375 sf) deal(within the 100-foot setback with a 8' x 30' (240 st') porch 3. 20-foot increase n the minimum wetlands setback to the structure, fTom 75 feet to 95 feet 4. The non-dlaturb~nce and bon-tuffbuffem remain unchanged. Please let me know whe,:her the T~ w~uld handle this amendment admin~,~, at, rely. Thanks, Rob Robert E. Herrmann Coastal Management SI ~cialist Eh-Consultants, Inc. Phone: 631-283-6360 Fax: 631-~136 Jill M. Doherty, President James F. King, Vice-President Dave Bergen Bob Ghosio, Jr. John Bredemeyer Town Hall Annex 54375 Main Road P.O. Box 1179 Southold, New York 11971-0959 Telephone (631) 765-1892 Fax (631) 765-6641 Apdl 21,2010 BOARD OF TOWN TRUSTEES TOWN OF SOUTHOLD Mr. Robed E. Herrmann En-Consultants, Inc. 1319 North Sea Road Southampton, NY 11968 RE: SKUNK LANE TRUST 9105 SKUNK LANE, CUTCHOGUE SCTM# 104-3-18.1 Dear Mr. Herrmann: The following action was taken at the Southold Town Board of Trustees regular meeting held on Wednesday, April 21,2010: RESOLVED, that the Southold Town Board of Trustees APPROVE the request for a Transfer of Permit #7137 from Skunk Lane Trust to 9105 Skunk Lane, LLC, as issued on July 22, 2009. If you have any questions, please contact our office at (631) 765-1892. Sincerely, ji,~.' Do~e'rly~"'~ President, Board of Trustees JMD:eac EN-CONSULTANTS, INC. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTING 1319 North Sea Road Southampton, New York 11968 631-283-6360 Fax: 631-283-6136 www.enconsultants.com March 23, 2010 REOUEST FOR AN PERMIT TRANSFER Town of Southold Board of Trustees Post Office Box 1179 Southold, New York 11971 Attn.: Lauren Standish Re: Permit #7137 9105 Skunk Lane, Cutchogue SCTM #1000-104-3-18.1 2010 Dear Ms. Standish: Please accept this letter and enclosures as a request to transfer the above referenced permit to the current property owner, 9105 Skunk Lane, LLC. Enclosed for your reference are: 1. Copy of Permit #7137 2. Copy of deed. 3. Letter of Authorization. 4. Application fee of $50.00. 5. ' I trust this information shall allow you to process our permit request. Should any additional information be required, please do not hesitate to contact our office. S~EY.'Herrmann Coastal Management Specialist /khs Enc. CONSULT YOUR LAWYER BEFORE SIGNING THIS INSTRUMENT.THIS INSTRUMENT SHOULD SE USED aY LAWYERS ONLY THIS iNDENTURE, made the I~,~ day of ~Je~y, 2009 BETWEEN ROBERT MALOY, TRUSTEE OF THE SKUNK LANE TRUST UNDER AGREEMENT DATED 818103, with an address ~o ~~t~~~ · ~a~i~_.~_t~Davidson, Dawson & Clark LLP, 60 East 62nd S~reet, New York, New York 10166-3897, par~y of the first part, and 910SSKUNKLANE, LLC, ~../~ -'['o-~1 "~ec~mc3 ~rv,~:¢S ~',.~, ,~.~o'¥ ~ WITNESSETH, that the party of the first part, in consideralion of Ten and 00/100--($10.00}--dbllars, and other good end valuable consideration paid by the party of Ihe second part, does hereby grant and release unto the party of the second part, the heirs or successors and assigns of the party of the second part forever, ALL that certain plot piece or parcel of land, situate, lying and being at Peconic, in.the Town of Southold, County of Suffolk and State of New York. bounded and described as follows: BEGINNING at a point on the northerly line of Bay Avenue, 685,00 feet as now or formerly of Larsen as measured along same from the intersection ol the easterly side of Pine Tree Road with the northerly side Bay Avenue. said point of beginning being the southeasterly comer of land now or formedy of Larsan, from said point of beginning: RUNNING along said [and now or formerly of Larsen, North 4 degrees 07 minutes 00 seconds West, 68036 feet, to the edge of Dredged ChanneI; : RUNNING THENCE along said edge of Dredged Channet South 65 degrees 06 minutes 40 seconds East, 203.52 feet; RUNNING THENCE through the Old Channel the following three (3) courses and distances: 1 South 24 degrees 53 minutes 20 seconds West, 141.93 feet; 2 Southerly along the arc of a curve bearing fo the left having a radius of 35 00 feet a distance of 54 98 feet 3. South 65 degrees 06 minutes 40 seconds East, 35,72 feet; RUNNING THENCE South 11 degrees 24 minutes 30 seconds West, 202.00 feet; RUNNING THENCE South 04 degrees 07 minutes 00 seconds East, 200,00 feet to the northerly side of Bay Avenue; RUNNING THENCE along the northerly side of Bay Avenue; RUNNING THENCE along the northerly side of Bay Avenue South 87 degrees 01 minutes 20 seconds West, 10000 feet to the point or place of BEGINNING. Said premises also de~cribed in Scbed. uleA al:t acnea ne:~eEo. BEING AND INTENDED TO BE the same premises conveyed to the party of the first part by deed 9/9/03 in Libor 12273 page 957. TOGETHER with all right, title and interest, if any, of the party of the first part in and to any streets and roads abutting the above described premises to the center lines thereof; TOGETHER with the appurtenances and all the estate and rights of the party of the first part in and to said premises; TO HAVE AND TO HOLD the premises herein granted unto the party of the second part, the heirs or successors and assigns of the party of the second part lorever. AND the party of the first part covenants that the party of the first part has not done or suffered anything whereby the said premises have been encumbered in any way whatever, except as aforesaid AND the party of the first part, in compliance with Section 13 of the Lie~ Law, covenants that the party of the first part will receive the consideration for this conveyance and will hold the right to receive such consideration as a trusl fund to be applied first for the purpose of paying the cost of the improvement and will apply the same first to the payment of the cost of the improvement before using any part of the total of the same for any other purpose The word 'party' shall b~ construed as if it read "parties" when ever the sense ol this indenture so requires IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the party of the first part has duly executed this deed the day and year first above written. PRESENCE OF: THE SKUNK LANE TRUST U/A DATED 8/8/03 By: ' Stata of New York. C?unty of ~uffolk. ss: 'State of New~ York, County of Suffo{k ss: On Ihe day of , in the year On the day of . in the year, be[ore me. I~e undersigned, personally appeared before me, the undersigned, personally appeareP personally known to me or proved ID me on the basis Gl personally known to me or proved to me on the basis of satisfactory evi(]ence to be the individual(s) whose name(s) is satisfactory evidence ID be the individual(s) whose name(s) is (are} subscribed to the within instrumenl and acknowledged ID (are) subscribed Io the within inslrument and ackr~owledged to me that he/she/they execuled Ihe same in thslherltheir me Ihal he/she/they executed the same in h~slherRheir capacity(ies), and that by his~ner/their signature(s) on the capacity(les), and thai by his/her,~beir signature(s) on the instrumenl, the individual(s), or the person upon behalf of which instrumenf, the individual(s), or Ihe person upon behalf of which the individual(s) aCted, executad the in$1ru~llent, the individual(s) acted, executed the instrument. (signature and office of individual taking acknowledgment) Notary Public (signature and office of individual taking acknowledgment) Notary Public TO BE USED ONLY WHEN THE ACKNOWLEDGMENT IS MADE OUTSIDE NEW YORK STATE Stata (or District of Columbia, Terdtory, or Foreign Counl~y) of CAL[*ORNIA, Couniyof ~.~.~_~'~3~'¥~T~.J~ ss: ROBERT MALOY personally known to me or pmv~ lo me on the basis of salisfacto~ evidence ta be the individual(s] whose na~(s) is (are) ~hal by his/hedtheir signature(s) on the inslrumenl, the i~ividual(s), or tbe person upon ~haE of which the ~dividual(s) eaed, executed the instrument, and thai su~ indi~dual made such appearance ~fore the undersigned in the BARGAIN AND SALE DEED WITH COVENANT AGAINST GRANTOR'S ACTS DISTRICT SECTION BLOCK LOT COUNTY OR TOWN STREET ADDRESS Commonwealth Recorded at Request of COMMONWEALTH LAND TITLE INSURANCE COMPANY RETURN BY MAIL TO: Sched. ule A ALL that certain plot, piece or parcel of land, situate, lying and being at Peconic, Town of Southold, County of Suffolk and State of New York, bounded and described a.s follows: BEGINNING at a point in the northerly line of Bay Avenue where the division line of the premises being described and land now or formerly of Martin intersects said northerly line of Bay Avenue; .said point also being distant easterly 785.00 feet as maasured along the northerly side of Bay Avenue from the intersection of the easterly side of Pine Tree Road w/th the northerly side of Bay Avenue; RUNNING THENCE along said land now or formerly of Martin north 04 degrees 07 minutes 00 seconds West, 200.00 feet to a concrete monument; RUNNING THENCE still along said land now or formerly of Martin north 11 degrees 24 minutes 30 seconds East, 202.00 feet to the general center I ne of Old Channe , RUNNING THENCE along said general center line of "Old Channel" es same runs westerly and northerly, the following thxee (3) course and distances: 1. North 65 degrees 06 minutes 40 seconds West, 35.72 feet; 2. Northerly along the arc curve bearing tu the right having a radius of 35.00 feet a distance of 54.98 feet; 3. North 24 degrees 53 minutes 20 seconds East, 141.93 feet to the southerly side of Dredged Canal; RUNNING THENCE along the southerly side of said Dredged Channel south 65 degrees 06 minutes 40 seconds East, 100.00 feet; and RUNNING THENCE south 73 degrees 09 minutes 50 seconds East, 227.78 feet to the former high water mark of Hog Neck Bay; RUNNING THENCE along the former high water mark of Hog Neck Bay on tie lines the following two (2) courses and distances: 1. South 8 degrees 15 minutes 55 seconds East, 156.80 feet; 2. South 3 degrees 32 minutes 14 seconds East, 144.93 feet to the land now or formerly of Ball; RUNNING THENCE along said land the following thr6e (3) courses and distances to the northerly side of Bay Avenue; 1. South 84 degrees 13 minutes 50 seconds West, 211.21 feet; 2. North 81 degrees 49 minutes 40 seconds West, 154.93 feet; 3. South 04 degrees 07 minutes 00 seconds East, 180.00 feet to the northerly side Bay Avenue; RUNNING THENCE along the northerly side of Bay Avenue south 87 degrees 01 minutes 20 seconds West, 25.00 feet to the point or place of BEGINNING. EN-CONSULTANTS, INC. 1319 North Sea Road Southampton, New York 11968 631-283-6360 Fax: 631-283-6136 www. enconsultants.com ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTA'NTS TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN: This letter will authorize En-Consultants, Inc. to represent me and act on my behalf with regard to environmental matters and/or permits. · Print ' Signature Print James F. King, President Jill M. Doherty, Vice-President Peggy A. Dickerson Dave Bergen Bob Ghosio, Jr. Town Hall 53095 Route 25 P.O. Box 1179 Southold, New York 11971-0959 Telephone (631) 765-1892 Fax (631) 765-6641 BOARD OF TOWN TRUSTEES TOWN OF SOUTHOLD YOU ARE REQUIRED TO CONTACT THE OFFICE OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES 72 HOURS PRIOR TO COMMENCEMENT OF THE WORK, TO MAKE AN APPOINTMENT FOR A PRE-CONSTRUCTION INSPECTION. FAILURE TO DO SO SHALL BE CONSIDERED A VIOLATION AND POSSIBLE REVOCATION OF THE PERMIT. INSPECTION SCHEDULE __ Pre-construction, hay bale line __ 1st day of construction ¼ constructed __ Project complete, compliance inspection. BOARD OF SOUTHOLD TOWN TRUSTEES SOUTHOLD, NEW YORK PERMIT NO. 7137 DATE: JULY 22, 2009 ISSUED TO: SKUNK LANE TRUST c/0.MARY KRAUSE PROPERTY ADDRESS: 9105 SKUNK LANE, CUTCHOGUE SCTM# 104-3-18.1 AUTHORIZATION Pursuant to the provisions of Chapter 275 and/or ChaPter 111 of the Town Code of the Town of $outhold and in accordance with the Resolution of the Board of Trustees adopted at the meeting held on July 22, 2009, and in consideration of application fee in the sun) of $250.00 paid by S.S_kunk Lane Trust c/o M~E~ Krause and subject to the Terms and Conditions as stated in the Resolution, the Southold Town Board of Trustees authorizes and permits the following: Wetland Permit to con. struct .a single-family dwelling with deck, detached garage, sanitary system, pervious drtvewaY, and to establi~ a non-turf zone landward of a 50' Non-Disturbance/Non-Fertilization Buffer, and as depicted on the survey prepared by Nathan Taft Corwin III, last dated March 30, 2005, and received on June 9, 2009. , IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the said Board of Trustees hereby causes its Corporate Seal to be affmed, and these presents to be subscribed by a majority of the said Beard as of this date. TERMS AND CONDITIONS The Permittee Skunk Lane Trust c/o Mary Kmuse, residing at 9105 Skunk Lane, Cutchol~me, New York as part of the consideration for the issuance of the Permit does understand and prescribe to the following: That the said Board of Trustees and the Town of Southold are released from any and all damages, or claims for damages, of suits arising directly or indirectly as a result of any operation performed pursuant to this permit, and the said Permittee will, at his or her own expense, defend any and all such suits initiated by third parties, and the said Permittee assumes full liability with respect thereto, to the complete exclusion of the Board of Trustees of the Town of Southold. That this Permit is valid for a period of 24 months, which is considered to be the estimated time required to complete the work involved, but should circumstances warrant, request for an extension may be made to the Board at a later date. That this Permit should be retained indefinitely, or as long as the said Permittee wishes to maintain the structure or project involved, to provide evidence to anyone concerned that authorization was originally obtained. That the work involved will be subject to the inspection and approval of the Board or its agents, and non-compliance with the provisions of the originating application may be cause for revocation of this Permit by resolution of the said Board. That there will be no unrehsonable interference with navigation as a result of the Work herein authorized. That there shall be no interference with the right of the public to pass and repass along the beach between high and low water marks. That if future operations of the Town of Southold require thc removal and/or alterations in the location of the work herein authorized, or if, in the opinion of the Board of Trustees, the work shall cause tmreasonable obstruction to free navigation, the said Permittee will be required, upon due notice, to remove or alter this work project herein stated without expenses to the Town of Southold. The Permittee is required to provide evidence that a copy of this Trustee permit has been recorded with the Suffolk County Department of Real Properties Office as a notice covenant and deed restriction tP the deed of the subject parcel. Such evidence shall be provided within ninety (90) calendar days of issuance of this permit. That the said Board will be notified by the Permittee of the completion of the work authorized. That the Permittee will obtain all other permits and consents that may be required supplemental to this permit, which may be subject to revoke upon failure to obtain same. James F. King, President Jill M. Doherty, Vice-President Peggy A. Dickerson Dave Bergen Bob Ghosio, Jr. Town Hall Annex 54375 Main Road P.O. Box 1179 Southold, New York 11971-0959 Telephone (631) 765-1892 Fax (631) 765-6641 July 22, 2009 BOARD OFTOWNTRUSTEES TOWN OFSOUTHOLD Ms. Kelly Risotto Land Use Ecological Services, Inc. 209 West Main Street, 2nd Floor P.O. Box 1060 Riverhead, NY 11901 RE: SKUNK LANE TRUST cio MARY KRAUSE 9105 SKUNK LANE, CUTCHOGUE SCTM# 104-3-18.1 Dear Ms. Risotto: The Board of Town Trustees took the following action during its regular meeting held on Wednesday, July 22, 2009 regarding the above matter: WHEREAS, Land Use Ecological Services, Inc. on behalf of SKUNK LANE TRUST cio MARY KRAUSE applied to the Southold Town Trustees for a permit under the provisions of Chapter 275 of the Southold Town Code, the Wetland Ordinance of the Town of Southold, application dated June 9, 2009, and, WHEREAS, said application was referred to the Southold Town Conservation Advisory Council and to the Local Waterfront Revitalization Program Coordinator for their findings and recommendations, and, WHEREAS, the LWRP Coordinator issued a recommendation that the application be found Consistent with the Local Waterfront Revitalization Program policy standards, and, WHEREAS, a Public Hearing was held by the Town Trustees with respect to said application on July 22, 2009, at which time all interested persons were given an opportunity to be heard, and, 2 WHEREAS, the Board members have personally viewed and are familiar with the premises in question and the surrounding area, and, WHEREAS, the Board has considered all the testimony and documentation submitted conceming this application, and, WHEREAS, the structure complies with the standards set forth in Chapter 275 of the Southold Town Code, WHEREAS, the Board has determined that the project as proposed will not affect the health, safety and general welfare of the people of the town, NOW THEREFORE BE IT, RESOLVED, that the Board of Trustees have found the application to be Consistent with the Local Waterfront Revitalization Program, and, RESOLVED, that the Board of Trustees approve the application of SKUNK LANE TRUST cio MARY KRAUSE to construct a single-family dwelling with deck, detached garage, sanitary system, pervious driveway, and to establish a non-turf zone landward of a 50' Non-Disturbance/Non-Fertilization Buffer, and as depicted on the survey prepared by Nathan Taft Corwin III, last dated March 30, 2005, and received on June 9, 2009. Permit to construct and complete project will expire two years from the date the permit is signed. Fees must be paid, if applicable, and permit issued within six months of the date of this notification. Inspections ara required at a fee of $50.00 per inspection. (See attached schedule.) Fees: $50.00 Very truly yours, Jam~es F. Kin(~gg~ President, Board of Trustees JFK/eac James F. King, President . Jill M. Doherty, Vice-President Peggy A. Dickerson Dave Bergen Bob Ghosio, Jr. Town Hall 53095 Route 25 P.O. Box 1179 Southold, New York 11971-0959 Telephone (631) 765-1892 Fax (631) 765~6641 BOARD OF TOWN TRUSTEES TOWN OF SOUTHOLD Please be adv~ed that yoUr application dated ~ ~, ~ has been reviewed by this Board at the regular meeting of ,~ I~. ~ and your application has been approved pending the co'piton of'the following items checked off below. __ Revised Plans for proPOsed project __ Pre-Construction Hay Bale Line Inspection Fee ($50.00) __ 1st Day of Construction ($50.00) __ ¼ Constructed ($50.00) Final Inspection Fee ($50.00) __ Dock Fees ($3.00 per sq. ft.) Permit fees are now due. Please make check or money order payable to Town of Southold. The fee is computed below according to the schedule of rates as set forth in Chapter 275 of the SOuthold Town Code. The following fee must be paid within 90 days or re-application fees will be necessary. You will receive your permit upon completion of the above. COMPUTATION OF PERMIT FEES: TOTAL FEES DUE: BY: James F. King, President Board of Trustees Ellen B. and Donald J. Ball 9305 Skunk Lane Cutchogue, NY. 11935 631 734 5842 Cell 631 871 8760 Lot 1000-t04-03-19 July 20, 2009 Suffolk CountyDept of Health Services 360 YaphankAve. Yaphank, N.Y. 11980 Ref: Survey of Properly, Skunk Lane Trust Suffolk County Tax No. 1000-104-03-18.1 June 5, 2003, Revised March 30, 2005 Dear Sir, The referenced Survey of Property has missing information. It has only Donald J. Ball Ellen B. Ball Dwelling (Uses public water) Our property survey, Tax No. 1000-104-03-1_~9 shows we use public water, and also well water. Reference: S. C. Dept. H. S. RI0-06-0011, Feb 24, 2009 The well is located in the northwest comer, about 29 feet from the Krause's driveway. The driveway is 25 feet wide. The proposed leaching pools are approximately 10 feet from the same driveway. Adding up to 64 feet between the well and leaching pool. That is too close. Our leaching pools are 150 feet from our well. Please fix this so our well is not spoiled. Thank you for your help. Donald and Ellen Ball ~oard of---~mstees, Town of ~ ~__--~~__ ~ ADJACENT LOT SERVICED BY PUBLIC WATER PROPOSED 1~ X ~ LOT 19 EX~TI~ 8.8 48'+ ;87o01'20'%~/ N84"13'50"E 205.0ff~ ~ ~" ~ 6.6 205'± TOWN OF SOUTHOLD LOT 17 BAY AVENUE (SKUNK LANE) SITE PLAN SURVEY INFORMATION FROM MAP OF PROPERTY BY RODERICK VAN TUYL, P.C. DATED 12/13/1985 AND SUFFOLK COUNTY TAX MAPS SCTM: 1000-104-3-19 v LU Z NOTES: I LOT AREA = 33,724± S.F. OR 0.774 ACRES. 2. THERE ARE NO WELLS WITHIN 150' OF THE SANITARY SYSTEM SANITARY PROFILE SCALE: '~ '---5' Assumed Grade 6.0* Sandy Laam Sand Sand & Gravel Clear Sand Water SOIL BORING DATA FROM MAP OF PROPERTY BY RODERICK VAN TUYL, PC DATED 12/13/1985 EXISTING TOPOGRAPHIC INFORMATION FROM M,~° OF PROPERTY BY RODERICK VAN TUYL, PC. DATED 12/t3/19~5 27' 3.7' 45' (Water) EL. 15 Health Department Approval Stamp Plans are prepared by Condo~ Engineering, P.O. Ills a vblati~ of ~5e New York State Education Law, A~de 145, Section 7'2~9, loc any pemon unless acting uncle- the direction of a licensed Professional Engineer, Architect, or Land Su~yor, to alter any item in any way. If an item bearing the seal of an Engineer, Architecl, or Land Surveyor is altered, the aJledng Engineer, Architect, or Land Surveyor shall affi( to the item his/her seal and the notation "Aite~ed by' ~lowed by his/her signalure and ~e date of such aitemlJor~, and a speci~ desCnp~l of the altera~3n. 3-30-2006 PUB WATER LINE REVISIONS Condon Engineering, P.C. 17~ Simbee Roed BALL RESIDENCE 9305 SKUNK LANE CUTCHOGUE, NEW YORK D_4 LOT 19 &8 ADJACENT LOT SERVICED BY PUBLIC WATER 154.93' 5.9 N84o13,50-E 205.~ TOWN OF SOUTHOLD LOT 17 BAY AVENUE (SKUNK LANE) Condon Engineering, P.C. Donald Wilder, Chairman Lauren Standish. Secretary Town Hall, 53095 Main Rd. P.O. Box 1179 Southold, NY 11971 Telephone (631 ) 765-1892 Fax (631) 765-6641 Conservation Advisory Council Town of Southold At the meeting of the Southold Town Conservation Advisory Council held Wed., July 15, 2009, the following recommendation was made: Moved by Peter Young, seconded by Greta Schiller, it was RESOLVED to SUPPORT the Wetland Permit application of SKUNK LANE TRUST CIO MARY KRAUSE to construct a single-family dwelling with deck, attached garage, sanitary system, pervious driveway, and to establish a non-turf zone landward of a 50' non- disturbance/non-fertilization buffer. Located: 9105 Skunk Lane, Cutchogue. SCTM#104-3-18.1 Inspected by Peter Young, James Eckert The CAC Supports the application with the Condition the deck and the dwelling are setback 100' from the wetland boundary and all trees over 8" DBH, that do not interfere with the construction of the proposed dwelling, are preserved. Vote of Council Ayes: All Motion Carried James F. King, President Jill M, Dohe~ty. Vice-President Peggy A. Dickerson Dave Bergen Bob Ghosio. Jr. P.O. Box I 179 Southold, NY 11971 Telephone (631 ) 765- t 892 Fax (631) 765-6641 Southold Town Board of Trustees Field Inspection/Worksession Report Date/Time: SKUNK LANE TRUST CIO MARY KRAUSE requests a Wetland Permit to construct a single-family dwelling with deck, attached garage, sanitary system, pervious driveway, and to establish a non-turf zone landward of a 50' non-disturbance/non- fertilization buffer. Located: 9105 Skunk Lane, Cutchogue. SCTM#104-3-18.1 Type of area to be impacted: __Saltwater Wetland Freshwater Wetland Sound Bay Distance of proposed work to edge of wetland Part of Town Code proposed work falls under: __Chapt.275 Chapt. 111 other Type of Application: __ Wetland __Coastal Erosion ~Amendment ._Administrative__Emergency __Pre-Submission Violation Info needed: Modifications: Conditions: Present Were: __&King __J.Doherty __P.Dickerson __ __ D. Dzenkowski Scott Hilary__other Form filled out in the field by D. Bergen__ B.Ghosio, Mailed/Faxed to: Date: ~kunk Lane Trust--Cutcho~e 9105 Skunk Lanes SCTM #1000-104-3-18.1 6/4/2009 La ndUse August 5, 2009 Town of Southold Board of Town Trustees PO Box 1179 Southold, NY 11971 Application for Permit Skunk Lane Trust~utchogue SCTM # 1000-104-03-18.1 Dear Sir or Madam: Please find enclosed the $50.00 final inspection fee for the above referenced application, which was approved by the Board on 6/22/2009. If you have any questions or require further information, please contact this office. Thank you. Senior Ecologist EllC. 209 West Main Street, 2nd Floor . P.O, Box 1060. Riverhead, New York . 11901 631-727-2400 . FAX 631-727-2605 OFFICE LOCATION: Town Hall Annex 54375 State Route 25 (cot. Main Rd. & Youngs Ave.) SouthoId, NY 11971 MAILING ADDRESS: P.O. Box 1179 Southold, NY 11971 Telephone: 631 765-1938 Fax: 631 765-3136 LOCAL WATERFRONT REVITALIZATION PROGRAM TOWN OF SOUTHOLD To: Jim King, President Town of Southold Board of Trustees From: Mark Terry, Principal Planner LWRP Coordinator Date: July 16, 2009 Re: Proposed Wetland Permit for SKUNK LANE TRUST CIO MARY KRAUSE SCTM# 104-3-18.1 Land Use Ecological Services, Inc. on behalf of SKUNK LANE TRUST CIO MARY KRAUSE requests a Wetland Permit to construct a single-family dwelling with deck, attached garage, sanitary system, pervious driveway, and to establish a non-turf zone landward of a 50' non- disturbance/non-fertilization buffer. Located: 9105 Skunk Lane, Cutchogue. SCTM# 104-3-18.1 The proposed action has been reviewed to Chapter 268, Waterfront Consistency Review of the Town of Southold Town Code and the Local Waterfront Revitalization Program (LWRP) Policy Standards. Based upon the information provided on the LWRP Consistency Assessment Form submitted to this department, as well as the records available to me, it is my recommendation that the proposed action is CONSISTENT with the Policy Standards and therefore is CONSISTENT with the LWRP. Pursuant to Chapter 268, the Board of Trustees shall consider this recommendation in preparing its written determination regarding the consistency of the proposed action. Cc: Lori Hulse, Assistant Town Attorney Office Use Only __~9etastal Erosion Permit Application land Permit Application Administrative Permit ~AmendmentJTrans fer/~xtension e/Received Application: ~-" t q I~ ,./Received Fee:$ &~,~ ' ' ' ~Completed Application ~.q [~ incomplete SEQRA Classification: Type I Type II Unlisted Coordination:(date sent) · ,~AC Referral Sent: C~ [,~xl~ ~)ate of Inspection: cI\~!CB ~ Receipt of CAC Report: Lead Agency Determination: Technical Review: ...~ublic Heating He~ Resolution: Name of Applicant Skunk Lane Trust c/o Mary Krause Address 12120 New Suffolk Avenue, Cutchogue, NY 11935 Phone Number:( ) 516-769-0267 (Eveyln Golz, caretaker) Suffolk County Tax Map Number: 1000 - 104-03-18.1 Property Location: 9105 Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11935 (provide LILCO Pole #, distance to cross streets, and location) AGENT: Land Use Ecological Services, Inc./Kelly Risotto (If applicable) Address: 209 West Main Street (2nd Floor), PO Box 1060, Riverhead, NY 11901 Phone: 631-727-2400 o~ Trustees Al~l~ca~ GENERAL DATA Land Area (in square feet): 78,790+/- sq.ft. R-40 (Residential Low Density AA) Area Zoning: Previous use of property: vacant Intended use of property: single-family residence Prior permits/approvals for site improvements: Agency Town of Southold NYSDEC, NYSDOS, USACOE, Southold Trustees (please see attached) Date 2/16/2005 (dwelling) 2004 (docks) NYSDEC Permit #15271-O051 1974 (dredging) __ No prior permits/approvals for site improvements. Has any permit/approval ever been revoked or suspended by a governmental agency? X No Yes If yes, provide explanation: Project Description (use attachments if necessary):. Please refer to the attached project description. Skunk Lane Trust Cutchogue SCTM #1000-104-03-18.1 Proiect Description Revised 6/4/2009 Applicant proposes to construct a single family dwelling with deck, detached garage, sanitary system and pervious driveway. The dwelling will measure approximately 50' x 55', deck 25' x 50', and garage will measure 30' x 25', for a total upland area coverage of 4,875 square feet (12.0 %). To protect tidal wetlands on this site, a 50' non-disturbance/non-fertilization buffer will be established landward of the wetland boundary. Landward of the wetland buffer, a non-turf zone will be established to further protect the site's tidal wetlands. Previous Permits Revised 6/4/2009 The following permits and/or applications have been associated with the development of this lot with a single-family dwelling: Town of Southold Permit #6080 NYSDEC application # 1-4738-03323/00002 is under review as of 6/4/2009. Permits have been issued previously for construction ora recreational dock. Information on these permits is below: NYSDEC Permit #1-4738-03323/00001 Issued 8/26/2004 Modified 11/4/2004 Expires 8/26/2009 USACOE Permit #2003-01467-L2 Issued 12/14/2004 Expires 12/14/2007 NYSDOS Coastal Consistency Certification F-2004-0017 Southold Trustees Permit #5995 Issued 9/22/2004 Expires 9/22/2006 ~ard of Trustees Applicati~ WETLAND/TRUSTEE LANDS APPLICATION DATA Purpose of the proposed operations: Single-family residence with detached garage, deck, sanita~ system, and pervious driveway Area of wetlands on lot: 38,187+/- square feet Percent coverage of tot: 48+~- % Closest distance between nearest existing structure and upland edge of wetlands: n/a feet Closest distance between nearest proposed structure and upland edge of wetlands: 75 feet Does the project involve excavation or filling? X No Yes If yes, how much material will be excavated? n/a cubic yards How much material will be filled? n/a cubic yards Depth of which material will be removed or deposited: n/a Proposed slope throughout the area of operations: n/a Manner in which material will be removed or deposited: n/a feet Statement of the effect, if any, on the wetlands and tidal waters of the town that may result by reason of such proposed operations (use attachments if appropriate): Proposed dwelling meets all setbacks for wetland protection. In addition, a non-disturbance buffer area of 50' and an additional 25'+/- of non-turf area will be created for the protection of tidal wetlands (refer to survey). IPROJECT ID NUMBER PART 1 - PROJECT INFORMATION 1. APPLICANT I SPONSOR Land Use Ecological for Skunk Lane Trust 3.PROJECT LOCATION: Southold Municipality 617.20 APPENDIX C STATE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY REVIEW SHORT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FORM for UNLISTED ACTION~ Only ( To be completed by A )licant or Project Sponsor) 2. PROJECT NAME Skunk Lane Trust-Cutchogue Suffolk County 4. PRECISE LOCATION: Street Addess and Road Intersections, Prominent landmarks etc -or provide mai) 9105 Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11935 SCTM #1000-104-03-18.1 5.1S PROPOSED ACTION: [] New r~Expansion r--~Mndifioation/alteration SEQR 6. DESCRIBE PROJECT BRIEFLY: Please refer to attached Project Description. 7. AMOUNT OF LAND AFFECTED: Initially 1.8 acres Ultimately 1.8 acres 8. WILL PROPOSED ACTION COMPLY WITH EXISTING ZONING OR OTHER RESTRICTIONS? []Yes [] No If no, describe briefly: 9. WHAT IS PRESENT LAND USE IN VICINITY OF PROJECT? (Choose as many as apply.) [~Reside~tisl i'--'llndusbial []Commercial ['-~Agdculture I'~--'J Pant / Forest l Open Space r'~other(describe) 10. DOES ACTION INVOLVE A PERMIT APPROVAL, OR FUNDING, NOW OR ULTIMATELY FROM ANY OTHER GOVERNMENTAL AGENCY (Federal, State or Local) [~']Yes r~No If yes, list agency name and pem~it / approval: NYSDEC, Suffolk County Health Dept., Town of Southold approvals required. 11. DOES ANY ASPECT OF THE ACTION HAVE A CURRENTLY VALID PERMIT OR APPROVAL? r-"]Yes [~No If yes, list agency name and permit / approval: Ir~AS A ~?ULT OF PROPOSED ACTION WILL EXISTING PERMIT/ APPROVAL REQUIRE MODIFICATION? MNo I CERTIFY THAT THE INFORMATION PROVIDED ABOVE IS TRUE TO THE BEST OF MY KNOVVLEDGE Applicant / Sponsor Name Kelly Risotto/Land Use Ecological Services, Inc. Date: June 4, 2009 Signature If the action is a Costal Area, and you are a state agency, complete the Coastal Assessment Form before proceeding with this assessment PART II - IMPACT ASSESSMENT (1'o be completed by Lead A~enc¥) A. DOES ACTION EXCEED ANY TYPE I THRESHOLD IN 6 NYCRR, PART 617.47 If yes, cetxdinale the rev]c~v process and use the FULL EAF. I-IY- I-I.o B. WILL ACTION RECEIVE COORDINATED REVIBN AS PROVIDED FOR UNLISTED ACTIONS IN 6 NYCRR, PART 617.6? If No, a negative dedaration may be superseded by another involved agency. C. COULD ACTION RESULT IN ANY ADVERSE EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE FOLLOVVlNG: (Answers may be handwritten, if legible) C1. Existing air quality, sudace or groundwater quality or quantity, noise laveis, existing traffic pat~m, sotid waste p~'oducfion or disposal, potential for erosion, drainage or fioodlog pmbtams? Explain briefly: C2. Aesthetic, agricultural, arcilaeological, histu~c, or other natural or cultural resources; or commu~i~ or neighborhood character? Explain briefly: I C3. Vegetation or fauna, fish, shellfish or wildlife species, significant habitats, or threatened or endangered species? Explain bdefly: I C4. A community's e)asfing plans or goals es officially adoptsd, tx a change n use or ntensit~ of use of land or (Yd~er natural resources. Explain briefly: I C5. Growth, subsequent development, or related activities likely to be induced by the proposed action? Explain briefly: I C6. Long tarm, short ten% cumulative, or other effects not identified in C1~57 Explain bdefly: I C7. Other impacts {indudin~l chan~es in use of either quanl~ or t~ of energia? Ex~lain bde~: I D. WILL THE PROJECT HAVE AN IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS THAT CAUSED THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A CRITICAL ENVIRONMENTAL AREA {CEAI? IIf ),es, ex~ain bdell¥: [~Yes [--]No E. IS THERE, OR IS THERE LIKELY TO BE~ CONTROVERSY RELATED TO POTENTIAL ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS? If yes exl)lain: ['~ Yes r--]No PART III - DETERMINAI~ON OF SIGNIFICANCE (To be compietad by Agency) INSTRUCTIONS: F~reachadversee~ectidenti~edabeve'detarminewhetheritissubstan~a~~~arge'imp~rtant~r~therwisesignificant. Each effect should be assessed in connection with ~fe (a) seffing (i.e. urban or rural); (b) probability of occurring; (c) duration; (d) ineversibility; (e) geographic scope; and (f) magnitude. If necessary, add attachments or reference supporting materials. Ensure that explanations contain sufficient detail to show that ail relevant adverse impacts have been identified and adequately addressed. If question d of part ii was checked yes, the determination of significance must evaluate the potential impact of the proposed action on the environmental characteristics of the CEA. Ched~ this box if you have identified o~e or more potentially large or significant adverse impacts which M~Y occur. Then proceed directly to the FULL EAF and/or prepare a positive dedaretino. Check this box if you have determined, based on the information and analysis above and any suppe~ng documentation, that the proposed actio~ ~LL NOT result in any sign~licent adveme en~ironrnantal impacts AND provide, on attachments as nocessa~, the masons supporting thi.~ determination. Name of Lead Agency Date Title of Responsible Officer Pdnt or Type Name of R~sponsible Officer in Lead Agency Signature of Resprmsible Officer in Lead Agency Signature of Preparer (ff different from restxmsible officer) ~oard of Trustees Applicati~ County of Suffolk State of New York Kelly Risotto (Land Use Ecological Services, Inc.) BE1NG DULY SWORN DEPOSES AND AFFIRMS THAT HE/SHE IS THE APPLICANT FOR THE ABOVE DESCRIBED PERMIT(S) AND THAT ALL STATEMENTS CONTAINED HEREIN ARE TRUE TO THE BEST OF HIS/HER KNOWLEDGE AND BELIEF, AND THAT ALL WORK WILL BE DONE IN THE MANNER SET FORTH IN THIS APPLICATION AND AS MAY BE APPROVED BY THE SOUTHOLD TOWN BOARD OF TRUSTEES. THE APPLICANT AGREES TO HOLD THE TOWN OF SOUTHOLD AND THE TOWN TRUSTEES HARMLESS AND FREE FROM ANY AND ALL DAMAGES AND CLAIMS ARISING UNDER OR BY VIRTUE OF SAID PERMIT(S), IF GRANTED. IN COMPLETING THIS APPLICATION, I HEREBY AUTHORIZE THE TRUSTEES, THEIR AGENT(S) OR REPRESENTATIVES(S), TO ENTER ONTO MY PROPERTY TO INSPECT THE PREMISES IN CONJUNCTION W TH REVIEW OF THiS APPLICATION. SWORN TO BEFORE ME THIS DAY OF a-~ ,20 0 ) CYNTHIA ALVAREZ NOTARY PUSLIC. STATE OF NEWYORK No. 01 AL6080878 QUALIFIED iN SUFFOLK COUNTY ~._] MY COMMiSSiON EXPtR£S SEFT. 23, 20..~ James F. King. President Jill M. Doherty, Vice-President Peggy A. Dickerson Dave Bergen Bob Ghosio, Jr. Town Hall, 53095 Main Rd. P.O. Box I 179 Southold, NY 11971 Telephone (631 ) 765-1892 Fax (631) 765-6641 SOARO O" TOWN O. SgSy. I BOARD OF TRUSTEES: TOW~ OF SOUTHOL]p ............................................................ _[_ Board of Trust, In the Matter of the Application of SKUNK LANE TRUST C/O MARY KRAUSE COUNTY OF SUFFOLK) STATE OF NEW YORK) AFFIDAVIT OF POSTING I, Kelly Risotto , residing at/dba Land Use Ecological Services, Inc. 209 West Main Street, 2nd Floor, Riverhead, NY 11901 being duly sworn, depose and say: That on the 7 ttday of July ,200 9, I personally posted the property known as 9105 Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11935 by placing the Board of Trustees official poster where it can easily be seen, and that I have checked to be sure the poster has remained in place for eight days prior to the date of the public hearing. Date of hearing noted thereon to be held Wed. July 22~ 2009 on or about 6:00 PM. Dated: Swom to before me this (si~,n'~ture) X ' CYNTHIA ALYAREZ ] NOTARY PUBUC, STATE OF NEW YORK ~ No. 01AL6080878 J NB, c~Q.U-A- LIFiEO IN SUFFOLK C0 UNTY ~ _ ,?ss,o__. PROOF OF MAILING OF NOTICE ATTACH CERTIFIED MAlL RECEIPTS Name: Krause Family Trust Donald & Eileen Ball Peter & Patricia Larson Address: 12120 New Suffolk Ave., Cutchogue, NY 9305 Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11935 21 Hunt Court, Glen Head, I~Y 11545 11935 STATE OF NEWYORK COUNTY OFSUFFOLK Kelly Risotto/Land Use ~residingat 209 West Main St., 2nd Floor Riverhead, NY 11901 ,beingdulyswom, deposes and says that on the 9th day of July ~ 20 09, deponent mailed a true copy of the Notice set forth in the Board of Trustees Application, directed to each of the above named persons at the addresses set opposite there respective names; that the addresses set opposite the names of said persons are the address of said persons as shown on the current assessment roll of the Town of Southold; that said Notices were mailed at the United States Post Office at Riverhead, NY , that said Notices were mailed to each of said persons by (certified) (registered) mail. ~ ~ Sworn to before me this / ¢/ ~ Day of ~)~1 .---x, 200~ -- CYNTHIA ALVAFIEZ ] N°t~ i?ublic / MY COMM,SSION [XPIRES SEPt 23, NOTICE TO ADJACENT PROPERTY OWNER BOARD OF TRUSTEES, TOWN OF SOUTHOLD In the matter of applicant: Skunk Lane Trust SCTM# 1000-104-3-18.1 YOU ARE HEREBY GIVEN NOTICE: ThatitistheintentionoftheundersignedtorequestaPermit~om the Bo~dofTm~ees to: Construct a single family dwelling with attached deck, sanitary system, detached garage, buffer area, and non-turf zone. 2. That the property which is the subject of Environmental Review is located adjacent to your property and is described as follows: 9105 Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11935 3. That the project which is subject to Environmental Review under Chapters 32, 37, and/or 97 ofthe Town Code is open to public comment on: July 22, 2009 .You may contact the Trustees Office at 765-1892 or in writing. The above-referenced proposal is under review of the Board of Trustees of the Town of Southold end does not reference any other agency that might have to review same proposal. OWNERS N/~%4E: Skunk Lane Trust MAIL~NGADDRESS: 12120 New Suffolk Avenue Cutchoque, NY 11935 PHONE#: Enc: Copy of sketch or plan showing proposal for your convenience. ~oard of Trustees Applicati~ AUTHORIZATION (where the applicant is not the owner) Skunk Lane Trust cJo Mary Krause (print owner of property) residing a[ (mailing address) 12120 New Suffolk Ave, Cutchogue, NY Land Use Ecological Services, Inc. do hereby authorize (Agent) to apply for permit(s) from the Southold Board of Town Trustees on my behalf. (OW~ter's signature) APPLICANT/AGENT/REPRESENTATIVE TRANSACTIONAL DISCLOSURE FORM The Town of Southold's Code of Ethics prohibits conflicts of interest on the part of town officers and employees. The oumuse of this form is to provide information which can alert the town of oossible conflicts of int~est and allow it to take whatever action is necessary to avoid same. YOURN;dVIE: Skunk Lane Trust c/o Mary Krause (Last name, first name, middle initial, unless you are applying in the name of someone else or other entity, such as a company. I f so, indicate the other person's or company's name.) NAME OF APPLICATION: (Check all that apply.) Tax grievance Building Variance Trustee Change of Zone Coaslal Erosion Approval of plat Mooring Exemption from plat or official map Planning Other Of "Other", name the activity.) X Do you personally (or through your company, spouse, sibling, parent, or child) have a relationship with any officer or employee of the Town of Southold? "Relatinnship" includes by blood, marriage, or business interost. "Business interest" means a business, incluffmg a partnership, in which the town officer or employee has even a partial ownership of (or employment by) a corporation in which the town offiecr or employee owns more than 5% of the shares. YEs NO xZ If you answered "YES", complete the balance of this form and date and sign where indicated. Name of person employed by the Town of Soothold Title or position of that person Describe the relationship between yourself (the applicant/agen~/repmsematlve) and the town officer or employee. Either check the appropriate line A) through D) and/or describe in the space provided. The town officer or employee or his or her spouse, sibling, parent, or child is (check all that apply): A) the owner of greater than 5% of the shares of the corporate stock of the applicant (when the applicant is a corporation); B) the legal or beneficial owner of any interest in a non-corporate entity (when the applicant is not a corporation); C) an officer, director, partner, or employee of the applicant; or D) the actual applicant. DESCRIPTION OF RELATIONSHIP Form TS 1 Town of Southold LWRP CONSISTENCY ASSESSMENT FORM A. INSTRUCTIONS All applicants for permits* including Town of Southold agencies, shall complete this CCAF for proposed actions that are subject to the Town of Southold Waterfront Consistency Review Law. This assessment is intended to supplement other information used by a Town of Southold agency in making a determination of consistency. *Except minor exempt actions including Building Permits and other ministerial permits not located within the Coastal Erosion Hazard Area. Before answering the questions in Section C, the preparer of this form should review the exempt minor action list, policies and explanations of each policy contained in the Town of Southold Local Watert~ont Revitalization Program. A proposed action will be evaluatod as to its significant beneficial and adverse effects upon the coastal area (which includes all of Southold Town). If any question in Section C on this form is answered "yes", then the proposed action may affect the achievement of the LWRP policy standards and conditions contained in the consistency review law. Thus, the action should be analyzed in more detail and, if necessary, modified prior to making a determination that it is consistent to the maximum extent practicable with the LWRP policy standards and conditions. If an action cannot be certified as consistent with the LWRP policy standards and conditions, jt shall not be undertaken. A copy of the LWRP is available in the following places: online at the Town of Southold's website (southoldtown.northfork.net), the Board of Trustees Office, the Planning Department, all local libraries and the Town Clerk's office. B. DESCRIPTION OF SITE AND PROPOSED ACTION SCTM~ 104 _ 03 18.1 The Application has been submitted to (check appropriate response): TownBoard [] PlanningOept. ~ BuildingOept. [-~ BoardofTrustees Category of Town of Southold agency action (check appropriate response): (a) Action undertaken directly by Town agency (e.g. capital [-~ construction, planning activity, agency regulation, land transaction) [] (b) Financial assistance (e.g. grant, loan, subsidy) (c) Permit, approval, license, certification: Nature and extent of action: Please refer to the attached Project Description. Location of action: 9105 Skunk Lane, Cutchogue, NY 11935 Site acreage: 1.8+~- acres (78,790 sq.ft.) Present land use: vacant Present zoning classification: R40 (Residential Low Density AA) If an application for the proposed action has been filed with the Town of Southold agency, the following information shall be provided: (a) Name of applicant: Skunk Lane Trust c/o Mary Kreuso 12120 New Suffolk Avenue, Cutchogue, NY 11935 (b) Mailing address: (c) Telephone number: Ama Code (). 516-769-0267 (Evelyn Golz, site caretaker) (d) Application number, if any:. (unknown) Will the action be directly undertaken, require funding, or approval by a state or federal agency? Yes~] NoV~ ifyes, which state or federal agency?. ~sDEc Article 25 Permit required DEVELOPED COAST POLICY *To cladfy, I have answered yes to indicate that the project will comply with the stated policy. Policy 1. Foster a pattern of development in the Town of Southold that enhances community character, preserves open space, makes efficient use of infrastructure, makes beneficial use of a coastal location, and minimizes adverse effects of development. See LWRP Section III - Policies; Page 2 for evaluation criteria. [] Yes [-~ No ~ Not Applicable Proposed dwelling and accessory structures will be in character with the surrounding neighborhood, will make efficient use of infrastructure (i.e. existing public water), and will minimize adverse impacts of development with setbacks of 75' from tidal wetlands, establishment of a 50' non-disturbance buffer area landward of tidal wetlands, and establishment of a non-turf zone to the proposed .deck. Aaach additional sheets if necessary Policy 2. Protect and preserve historic and archaeological resources of the Town of Southold. See LWRP Section IH - Policies Pages 3 through 6 for evaluation criteria ~-~ Yes ~ No ['~ Not Applicable P~ease refer to the attached "A Stage 3 Archaeological Data Recovery for the Skunk Lane Prehistoric Site" report for a discussion of histodc and archeological resources found at this site. Attach additional sh~ts if necessary Policy 3. Enhance visual quality and protect scenic resources throughout the Town of Southold. See LWRP Section Ill - Policies Pages 6 through 7 for evaluation criteria [] Yes ~-~ No [] Not Applicable The existing tidal wetlands and natural shoreline of the project site will be undisturbed. In addition, a 50' non-disturbance buffer wiii be e~tabii~ned, as well as a non-turf area that wilt exiend to the proposed de~k. Attach additional sheets if necessary NATURAL COAST POLICIES Policy 4. Minimize loss of life, structures, and natural resources from flooding and erosion. See LWRP Section III - Policies Pages 8 through 16 for evaluation criteria ~ Yes ~ No [] Not Applicable All structures are proposed in FEMA Zone X, and are sited a minimum of 75' landward of tidal wetlands (82' landward of shoreline). Project will therefore minimize loss of life, structures, and natural resoumes from flooding and erosion. Attach additional sheets if necessary Policy 5. Protect and improve water quality and supply in the Town of Southold. See LWRP Section III -Policies Pages 16 through 21 for evaluation criteria ~-~ Yes [] No ~ Not Applicable The sanitary system is proposed 170'+/- landward of tidal wetlands, and will be sited a minimum of 2' above seasonal high groundwater. Attach additional sheets if necessary Policy 6. Protect and restore the quality and function of the Town of Southold ecosystems including Significant Coastal Fish and Wildlife Habitats and wetlands. See LWRP Section III - Policies; Pages 22 through 32 for evaluation criteria. Yes [] No ~ Not Applicable Project will protect tidal wetlands and waters of Old Channel by preservation of the natural shoreline and establishment of a 50' non-disturbance buffer and additional non-turf area. Attach additional sheets if necessary Policy 7. Protect and improve air qnallty in the Town of Southold. See LWRP Section III - Policies Pages 32 through 34 for evaluation criteria. [] Yes ~ No[--~ Not Applicable Attach additional sheets if necessary Policy 8. Minimize environmental degradation in Town of Southold from solid waste and hazardous substances and wastes. See LWRP Section III - Policies; Pages 34 through 38 for evaluation criteria. [] Yes [] No [] Not Applicable PUBLIC COAST POLICIES Policy 9. Provide for public access to, and recreational use of, coastal waters, public lands, and public resources of the Town of Southold. See LWRP Section III - Policies; Pages 38 through 46 for evaluation criteria. [] Ye~ No [] Not Applicable Attach additional sheets if necessary WORKING COAST POLICIES Policy 10. Protect Southold's water-dependent uses and promote siting of new water-dependent uses in suitable locations. See LWRP Section III - Policies; Pages 47 through 56 for evaluation criteria. ~-~ Yes [-~ No ~ Not Applicable The subject property is privately owned within a residential zoning district, and is not a suitable location for water-dependent uses that require pttblic access. Development with a sinqle-family residence is in character with the neiqhborhood Attach additional sheets if necessary Policy 11. Promote sustainable use of living marine resources in Long Island Sound, the Peconlc Estuary and Town waters. See LWRP Section III - Policies; Pages 57 through 62 for evaluation criteria. ~ Yes [--] No ~ Not Applicable Attach additional sheets if necessary Policy 12. Protect agricultural lands in the Town of Southold. See LWRP Section III - Policies; Pages 62 through 65 for evaluation criteria. [] Yes ~ No [] Not Applicable Attach additional sheets if necessary Policy 13. Promote appropriate use and development of energ~ and mineral resources. See LWRP Section III - Policies; Pages 65 through 68 for evaluation criteria. Created on 5/25/05 11.'20 AM La ndUse June 4, 2009 Town of Southold Board of Town Trustees PO Box 1179 Southold, NY 11971 Application for Permit Skunk Lane Trust Cutchogue SCTM # 1000-104-03 - 18.1 Dear Sir or Madam: Please find enclosed an application package containing one original and two copies of the following: · Application Form · Short Enviromental Assessmem Form · LWRP Consistency Assessment Form · Owner's Authorization · Transactional Disclosure Form · Survey/Site Plan · Photographs The application fee of $250.00 is also enclosed. If you have any questions or require further information, please contact this office. Thank you. Senior Ecologist Enc. 209 West Main Street, 2nd Floor o P.O. Box 1060 · Riverhead, New York · 11901 631-727-2400 . FAX 631-727-2605 A STAGE 3 ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA RECOVERY for the SKUNK LANE PREHISTORIC SITE OPRHP Site Number 10310.001325, OPRE[P Project Review Number 05PR00608 SICLrNK LANE TRUST PROPERTY PECONIC, TOWN OF SOUTHOLD SUFFOLK COUNTY, NEW YORK PROJECT ARCHAEOLOGISTS: David J. Bernstein, Ph.D. Daria E. Merwin, M.A., R.P.A. Mark S. Tweedie The Institute for Long Island Archaeology Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University Stony Brook, New York 11794-4364 February 2009 MANAGEMENT SUMMARY OPRHP Project Review Number Phase of Survey Location Survey Area USGS 7.5 minute Quadrangle Map Archaeological Survey Overview Description of Site 05PR00608 Stage 3; data recovery excavation of the Skunk Lane prehistoric site (OPRI-IP site number A10310.001325) Location: Peconic, Town of Southold Minor Civil Division: 10310 County: Suffolk Length: approximately 98 meters (320 feet) Width: approximately 30.5 meters (100 feet) Number of Acres Surveyed: approximately 0.75 acre (0.30 hectare) (proposed limit of disturbaneo on the 1.8 acre [0.73 hectare] lot) Area Excavated for Stage 2 and 3: approximately 103 square meters (1109 square feet) (shovel test pits and lxl meter units; an additional area of roughly 250 square meters [2690 square feet] was mechanically stripped, a total area of 353 square meters [3800 square feet]) Pementage of Site Excavated for Stage 2 and 3: roughly 12% $outhold, New York (1956) Number and Interval of Shovel Test Pits: 27, most on a 10 meter (33 foot) grid, all dug for the Stage 2 investigation Number and Size of Units: six lxl meter (3.3x3.3 foot) squares for Stage 2, 94 units for Stage 3; a total of 100 lxl meter units Mechanically Stripped Area: 250 square meters (2690 square feet) Surface Survey Transect Interval: one meter (3.3 feet) The Skunk Lane site was utilized by Native American groups at least as early as 1150:t:130 B.P. Based on the results of radiocarbon dating and artifact analysis, the major occupation of the Skunk Lane site appears to have taken place during the Late Woodland period (A.D. 1000 until the fast half of the seventeenth contury) The projectile point assemblage is dom natad by triangular forms that likely date to the Late Woodland period. Other forms suggest that the site was probably at least intermiRently visited over the course of several eentories, if not millennia, prior to the main occupation. General dates for the prehistoric pottery range between 1400-500 years ago, supporting a main site occupation date of later in the Woodland period. A total of 8324 prehistoric artifacts was recovered during the Stage 2 and Stage 3 excavations. The assemblage is dominated by quartz flakes (the waste products of stone tool manufacture and/or reworking), with small amounts of non-quartz flakes (mostly chert), fire-cracked rocks, quartz cores and core fragments, projectile points, other stone tools (bifaces, hammerstones), fragments cfa steatite vessel, and 669 small pieces of prehistoric pottery. Ten prehistoric period features were identified: four are hollow forms of stained soil containing fire-cracked rocks, lithic artifacts, and sometimes charcoal, and six consist of artifact concentrations, typically dominated by fire-cracked rocks. Skunk Lane may be charaetarized as a camp site where a variety of daily activities took place, including the entire sequence of stone tool manufacture, building fires for cooking and/or warmth, cooking, and food storage and/or preparation. Although the specific uses of all the tools made at Skunk Lane can not be determined, it is likely that the projectile points were designed primarily for hunting, and that the Report Authors Date of Report bifaces, unifaces, and modified flakes were used for everyday tasks such as cutting food, processing animal meat and hides, scraping wood and other plant material, and other chores. Amhaeological research conducted at Skunk Lane and nearby sites has revealed the intensive and long-term Native American habitation of the North Fork. Populations certainly fluctuated over time, but it is clear that the region was the permanent home to groups of people probably numbering in the hundreds. The richness of the immediate environment and the fact that food and other crucial resources are potentially available throughout the year means that there would not have been any compelling reason for people to leave the North Fork, though residential bases were likely moved short distances regularly. The Skunk Lane site may be one such residential base camp, perhaps occupied on a seasonal basis. Daria E. Merwin, David J. Bernstein, and Mark S. Tweedie Institute for Long Island Archaeology, Stony Brook University February 2009 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS MANAGEMENT SUMMARY ................................................................. ii LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................... v LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................... vi LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS ................................................................... vii INTRODUCTION ........................................................................... 1 Previous Archaeological Investigations .................................................... 1 BACKGROLrND RESEARCH Environmental Setting ................................................................. 5 Prehistoric Context 5 ARCHAEOLOGICAL METHODS ............................................................. 10 Field Methods ...................................................................... 10 Laboratory Methods ....... 13 RESULTS Site'l~t~'i;~' i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i ....... iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii'iiiii ..... 14 Soils and Stratigraphy ..................................................... i ..... iiiii1614 Site Structure ....................................................................... 21 Chronology ....................................................................... 25 Radiocarbon Dating ... 25 Projectile Points .............................................................. 26 Prehistoric Pottery ............................................................ 29 Summary of Prehistoric Chronology .............................................. 36 Features ........................................................................... 37 Lithic Artifact Analysis Quartz Cobble ~h~o'l~,~ ...................................................... 47 Non~Quartz Lithics ........................................................... 51 Stone Tools: Chipped and Ground/Rough .......................................... 52 Steatite ..................................................................... 52 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS .......................................................... 54 ACKNOWLEDGIvlENTS .................................................................... 56 REFERENCES.. ........................................................................... 57 APPENDICES ............................ Introduction to Appendices A and'B .... iiiiiiii.iiiiiiiiiiii'iiiiiiiii ..... iiii ......... 61 61 Appendix A: Stage 2 Excavation and Artifact Inventory ...................................... 62 Appendix B: Stage 3 Excavation and Artifact Inventory ...................................... 77 Appendix C: New York State Archaeological Site Form ..................................... 143 Appendix D: Radiocarbon Dating Results ................................................ 146 Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. Figure 9. Figure 10. Figure 11. Figure 12. Figure 13. Figure 14. Figure 15. Figure 16. LIST OF FIGURES Map of Long Island showing the location of the project area ............................ 2 1956 USGS topographic map, Southold, New York, 7.5 minute series showing the location of the project area ............................................................. 3 Archaeological testing of the Skunk Lane Trust property in Peconic ...................... 4 Artifact density at the Skunk Lane site, based on lxl meter units excavated by hand during the Stage 2 and Stage 3 work ....................................................... 15 East wall soil profile drawing of lxl meter units N31/W16 and N30/W16 ................ 17 South wall soil profile drawing of lxl meter units N14/W14 and N14/WI5 ............... 18 East wall soil profile drawing of lxI meter units S4/W20 and S5/W20 ................... 19 West wall soil profile drawing of lxl meter unit S51/W26 ............................. 20 Contour plot of lithic debitage counts from hand-dug Ixl meter excavation units at the Skunk Lane site.. .................................................................. 22 Contour plot of fire-cracked rock counts from all hand-dug lxl meter excavation units at Skunk Lane ................................................................. 23 Contour plot of prehistoric pottery fragment counts from all hand-dug lxl meter excavation units at Skunk Lane ........................................................... 24 Plan view of the Feature 1, encountered at the top of the B2 subsoil horizon in unit N19/W14 . 38 Plan view and profile drawings of the portion of Feature 5 in lxl meter excavation unit N31/W16 ................................................................... 39 Plan view drawing of Feature 6 in lxl meter excavation unit N0/W7 .................... 42 Plan view and profile drawings of Feature 8 in lxl meter unit N24/W14 .................. 43 North wall profile drawing of lxl meter excavation units S17/W20 and S17/W19 .......... 45 V Table 1. Table 2. Table 3. Table 4. Table 5. Table 6. Table 7. Table 8. Table 9. LIST OF TABLES Traditional prehistoric chronology for the Long Island region ........................... 7 Reported archaeological sites within one mile ( 1.6 kilometers) of the project area ............ 9 Prehistoric artifacts from the Stage 2 and Stage 3 investigations at the Skunk Lane site: totals per stratum ............................................................. 16 Radiocarbon dating analyses for Skunk Lane site Features 5 and 8 ...................... 25 Projectile points from the Skunk Lane site ......................................... 28 Prehistoric pottery from the Skunk Lane site ........................................ 29 Summary of prehistoric pottery surface treatments and decoration ....................... 35 Raw material of chipped stone artifacts from the Skunk Lane site ....................... 50 Comparative data for Long Island lithic assemblages ................................. 50 vi Photograph 1. Photograph 2. Photograph 3. Photograph 4. Photograph 5. Photograph 6. Photograph 7. Photograph 8. Photograph 9. Photograph 10. Photograph 11. Photograph 12. Photograph 13. Photograph 14. Photograph 15. Photograph 16. Photograph 17. Photograph 18. Photograph 19. Photograph 20. Photograph 21. Photograph 22. Photograph 23. Photograph 24. Photograph 25. LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS Looking southwest near the center of the APE. Excavation of 2x2 meter unit N0/W8 is in Looking southwest at crew members preparing to draw the south wall profile of lxl meter units N30/W27 and N30/W26 ................................................... 11 Mechanical stripping of the plow zone near the northern end of the Skunk Lane APE ........ 11 Shovel-skimming to expose the top of the B2 subsoil in the backhoe_stripped area .......... 12 Excavation of lxl meter units in the machine-stripped trench. Looking northwest at the W12 line East wall soil profile of lxl meter units N3 l/W16 and N30/W16 ....................... 17 South wall soil profile of lxl meter units N14/WI4 and N14/WI5 ...................... 18 East wall soil profile of 1 x l meter units S4/W20 and S5/W20 .......................... 19 West wall soil profile of lxl meter unit S51?W26 ................................... 20 Examples of projectile points fi.om the Skunk Lane site ............................... 27 Examples of prehistoric pottery fi.om the Skunk Lane site ............................. 36 Feature 1, a cluster of fire-cracked rocks (including two that appear to have been used as hmnmerstones prior to heating) with an associated dark soil stain ....................... 38 Plan view ofihe portion of Featare 5 in lxl meter unit N31/W16. Note steatite t~agment adjacant to the soil stain ........................................................ 40 Profile of the portion of Feature 5 in lxl meter unit N31/W16 .......................... 40 Feature 6, an artifact concentration dominated by fire-cracked rocks in lxl unit N0/W7 ...... 42 Top of Feature 8, found just below the plow zone/subsoil interface in lxl metar N24/W14 ... 44 Feature 8 in profile. Looking north in lxl meter excavation unit N24/WI4 ............... 44 Section profile of Feature 11 pedestal, facing north .................................. 45 Feature 13 in lxl meter unit N19/W12, facing east .................................. 46 Examples of quartz bifaces fi.om Skunk Lane ....................................... 47 Quartz and quartzite debitage fi.om the plow zone of lxl metar unit N22/W20 ............. 48 Examples of cores fi.om Skunk Lane .............................................. 48 Examples of non-quartz debitage from Skunk Lane .................................. 51 Examples of ground and rough tools fi.om the Skunk Lane site ......................... 53 Two of the steatite fi.agments found at Skunk Lane ................................... 53 vii INTRODUCTION This report presents the results of a Stage 3 archaeological data recovery excavation performed on the Skunk Lane Trust property in Peconic, Town of Southold, Suffolk County, New York. The project area is located north of Skunk Lane (also known as Bay Avenue), south of a dredged channel of Little Creek, and west of #9205 Skunk Lane (Figures 1-3). A prehistoric Native American site was initially identified during a Stage 1 survey done by Tracker Archaeology Services in late 2005 (Cammisa et al. 2005), and the Stage 2 work was undertaken by the Institute for Long Island Amhaeology (ILIA), Stony Brook University in August and September 2006 (Bemstein and Merwin 2006). All artifacts, field notes, photographs, and other data generated by the Stage 2 and Stage 3 investigations are curated at ILIA. The Skunk Lane site is identified by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation (OPRHP) number 10310.001325. The Skunk Lane Trust property is approximately 1.8 acres (0.75 hectare), of which roughly 0.75 aero (0.30 hectare) may be impacted by clearing, grading, and other ground disturbance in advance of proposed residential construction. The 0.75 acre Area of Potential Effect (APE) is shaded on Figure 3. Previous Archaeological Investigations The Stage 1 survey performed on the property in 2005 identified moderate amounts ofprohistoric materials. A total of 55 pieoes, consisting of quartz debitage (chipping debris from stone tool manufacture and/or reworking), fire-cracked rocks, and small pottery fragments, was recovered from 16 shovel tests (Caramisa et al. 2005: Appendix 3). The Stage 2 evaluation yielded 881 prehistoric artifacts fi.om 27 shovel test pits and six lxl meter square units. Artifacts included a quartz straight-stemmed projectile point, several quartz bifanial tools, one uniface, hammerstones, six cores, hundreds of pieces of debitage, firo-craeked rock, and 113 small fi'agments ofpruhistoric pottery (Bernstein and Merwin 2006). A single feature was encountered during the Stage 2, a concenlxation of fire- cracked rocks and hammerstones with an associated dark stain. No prehistoric organic materials suitable for radiocarbon dating were found. Activities represented by the Stage 2 artifact assemblage minimally include stone tool manufac~ro and/or resharpaning, food preparation and/or storage, and building firos for cooking and/or warmth. Although the majority of artifacts were recoverod from the plow zone, the site evaluation clearly demonstrated the presence of artifacts well into the B2 subsoil horizon. This, along with the presence ora featuro, suggested that the site has moderate to good physical integrity. Due to the density and diversity ofprohistoric materials, along with the potential for the presence of additional features, the Skunk Lane prehistoric site was found to be potentially eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (Berustein and Merwin 2006). Further work at the site has the potential to yield information relevant to a number of research questions including the study of spatial organization of late prehistoric settlements and the technological adaptations of Native Americans on the Long Island coast. Importantly, there has been a paucity of sciantific archaeological excavation on the North Fork for more than three decades. Data from the Skunk Lane site therefore contributes to our knowledge of prohistorie lifeways in the region. Based on the results of the site evaluation, it is clear that the prehistoric site extends across virtually the entiro APE, and likaly beyond the project area boundaries. The densest portion of the site is on a low linear Imoll in the north portion of the APE, while the central portion of the project area appears to have been only lightly utilized. The northeast corner of the APE was eliminated from subsurface testing because of a steep cut slope (Figure 3). A Stage 3 data recovery was recommended if proposed construction plans could not be modified to avoid the Skunk Lane site. The purpose ora Stage 3 is to gather information contained in a significant archaeological site before all or part of it is destroyed. The data recovery plan submitted by ILIA in June 2007 was approved by Douglas Mackey of OPRHP, and the field work was completed in accordance with this plan by ILIA staff in August 2008. The archaeological investigation detailed in this report was performed in accordance with the guidelines outlined in the Standards for Cultural Resource Investigations and the Curation of Archaeological Collections issued by the New York Archaeological Council (1995) and the New York State Historic Preservation (SHPO) Archaeological Report Format Requirements issued in May 2005. Skunk Lane site Figure 1. Map of Long Island showing the location of the project area. Figure 2. 1956 USGS topographic map, Southold, New York, 7.5 minute series (scale 1:24,000), showing the location of the project area. ,00. NO S10 S20 S30 S40 S50 S 04'.07'00~," ~'~' ~^~ "°' '¢ 200.00' · · L · · ZONE AE (EL. 8) ~'- · ~q~ ~ · mapping datum Area of Potential Effect · Stage 2 shovel test pit (STP) w/prehistoric material o Stage 2 STP w/no prehistoric material · Stage 2 lxl meter excavation unit · Stage 3 hand-dug 1xl meter excavation unit Stage 3 lxl meter excavation unit in trench machine stripped trench 0 49 Figure 3. Archaeological testing of the Skunk Lane Trust property in Peconic. 4 BACKGROUND RESEARCH Environmental Setting The Skunk Lane prehistoric site is located on the south shore of the North Fork of eastern Long Island in the hamlet of Peconic, Town of Southold (Figures 1 and 2). It is situated just south of the remnants of the Harbor Hill recessional moraine, created over 15,000 years ago during the retreat of the Wisconsinan ice sheet (Sirkin 1995). The site is located between Little Hog Neck and Indian Neck on the west shore of Little Pecenic Bay, with Lit'tie Creek just to the north and Broadwater Cove to the south (Figure 2). The northern boundary of the APE is 15.2 meters (50 feet) south of flaggad tidal wetlands. Elevations in the APE range from approximately 2.3 meters (7.5 feet) above mean sea level in the south, to 3.3 meters (10 feet) along a knoll in the north (Figure 3). Vegetation in the parcel includes mature white and red oak, red cedar, sassafras, and hickory trees with an understory of young trees and blueberry bushes (Photograph 1). Visible ground disturbances am mostly limited to the southern portion of the APE where there has been cutting, filling, and grading (probably associated with road constru~ion), and to the far northeast corner where there is a cut slope (Figure 3). Soils in the APE are dominated by Carver and Plymouth sands, 3 to 15% slopes, with a small section of Cut and fill land, gently sloping along the south boundary (Warner et al. 1975: Sheet 18). Carver and Plymouth sands are deep, wall-drained, coarse-textured soils with low natural fertility. A typical profile for the soil series includes a surface layer (A0/A1 horizon) of dark grayish brown loamy sand to 8 centimeters (3 inches), sometimes followed by a leaching zone (A2) of gray sand. The upper subsoil (BI horizon) is light to medium brown loamy sand to an average depth of 35 centimeters (14 inches), while the lower subsoil (B2) is strong (orange) brown sand to 56 centimeters (22 inches). The substratum (B3) is a light yellow brown coarse sand (Warner et al. 1975:66-68). In areas where plowing has occurred, the topsoil and upper subsoil have been mixed, forming a homogeneous medium brown silty or sandy loam layer called the plow zone (Ap or pz). Previous archaeological testing indicated that the APE does contain an old plow zone (Bernstein and Merwin 2006), and this was confirmed with the larger expanses excavated for the data recovery. There am localized soil disturbances within the APE. The northeast contains a steep cut bank, while the portion of the project area along Skunk Lane has been disturbed by cutting, filling, and grading associated with road construction (Figure 3). In addition, the entire site has witnessed small-scale bioturbation from tree roots and burrowing animals. In general, the environmental attributes of the North Fork, including the Skunk Lane property, indicate the presence of a diverse set of resources that could be exploited by aboriginal hanter-gatherers, as well as by later Euro- American settlers. Aquatic resources such as fish and shellfish, in addition to marsh plants and migratory waterfowl, are present close to the project area. Nearby upland and interior regions provided terrestfiai fauna (especially deer and small mammals) and plants (such as nuts, berries, and tubers) which could have been utilized by the Native Americans as part of their generalized subsistence base. Prehistoric Context Eastern Long Island has been occupied for at least ten thousand years by ancestors of modern and historically known Algonquian speaking Indians. The archaeology of southern New England and southeastern New York is well-developed and has a history dating back into the nineteenth century. This work has involved cultural resource management studies, avocational excavations, and traditional "academic" endeavors. Broad regional overviews are provided in Ritohie (1980), Salwen (1978), Snow (1980), and Dincauze (1990). A recent synthesis of the relevant ethnohistoric sources is found in Grumet (1995). The historian John Strong (1997) has written a lengthy popular overview of the archaeology and history (to A.D. 1700) of Long Island Native Americans. Archaeologists working on Long Island and elsewhere in the northeastern United States usually employ a system of three broad periods (Paleoindian, Archaic, Woodland) to divide the span of time between the first settlement of the region by Native peoples and the arrival of the European explorers and colonists in the sixteenth century. This chronological scheme is shown in Table 1. Although much fieldwork has taken place on Long Island (especially the north shore), many questions regarding the region's prehistory remain. Interpretation has been hindered by a lack of radiocarbon dates fi'om prehistoric Native American sites. This means that in many cases, sites and components of sites have been dated solely on the basis of artifact (especially projectile point) styles. In the Northeast, projectile points are typically classified based on considerations of form, and the contexts from which they were recovered are then assigned the absolute dates that have been obtained for similar materials in the region (Table 1). The resolution available with typological cross-dating is generally very broad and therefore not always adequate for sorting out remains into conteroporary components or making comparisons among sites. It is also the case the various point types do not represent discrete temporal periods (Filios 1989) and that many of the types were used for extremely long (thousands of years) periods of time. This is especially the case for some of the Late Archaic types. Despite these drawbacks, artifact typologies are indispensable tools for ordering the prehistoric past, and they are used to organize the discussion that follows, except in those cases where specific radiocarbon dates are mentioned. Since the retreat of the Late Pleistocene glaciers (around 18,000 years before present [B.P.]), the coastline of New York has been progressively inundated. Significant for the study of Native American archaeology is the fact that many early (pre-5000 B.P.) coastal sites are now under water. Although sea-level continues to rise today, most shorelines attained their approximate modero positions by 3000 B.P. (Pirazzoli 1991). During the last three to five thousand years of the prehistoric ero (and possibly earlier), shores of estuarias like Little Peconic Bay were particularly attractive to hunter-gatherer-fishers, and many of the larger sites dating to the Late Holocene have been identified in these kinds of settings. Photograph I. Looking southwest near the center of the APE. Excavation of 2x2 meter unit N0/W8 is in progress. 6 Table 1. Traditional prehistoric chronology for the Long Island region. Cultural Period [ Dates* I Trends Late Woodland 1000 - 400 B.P. agriculture in mainland river valleys; triangular (A.D. 1000 - 1600) projectile points (Levarma, Madison) Mi~tdle Woodland 2000 - 1000 B.P. pottery; variety of projectile point forms (A.D. 0 ~ 1000) Early Woodland 2700 - 2000 B.P, early pottery; intensive use of coastal resources; (700 B.C. - A.D. 0) contracting stemmed projectile points Terminal Archaic 3000 - 2700 B.P. elaborate burial ritual; small stemmed and Orient (1000 - 700 B.C.) fishtail projectile points Late Archaic 6000 - 3000 B.P. increase in number of archaeological sites; projectile (4000 - 1000 B.C.) point types include side-notched and straight-stemmed Middle Archaic 8000 - 6000 B.P. modern flora and fauna; projectile points include broad (6000 - 4000 B.C.) stemmed and side-notched Early Archaic 10,000 - 8000 B.P. climatic wanning; projectile points include bifurcate (8000 - 6000 B.C.) base and stemmed Paleoindian 12,500 - 10,000 B.P. end of Late Pleistocene; fluted projectile points (10,500 - 8000 B.C.) *dates are not calibrated The Paleoindian period (Table 1) dates from the first arrival of humans into the region until around 10,000 years ago. Settlement here, like all of the Americas, took place at the end of the Pleistocene glacial epoch as human populations entered the New World (see Meitzer 1988 for a synthesis of data pertaining to the early peopling of eastern North America). As discussed further below, no sites dating to this period are known fi'om Long Island, although the presence of early peoples is implied from the occasional find (almost always on the surface) of characteristic fluted projectile points that were presumably used to hunt Late Pleistocane/Early Holocene fauna 0Vlerwin 2000; Saxon 1973). The lack of early sites along the modern coast is to be expected. Even if the region was well-populated prior to 10,000 B.P., most of the evidence for early human presence has been destroyed or hidden by a series of natural forces. Foremost among these forces is the post-glacial rise in sea-level. During the initial settlement of the region, sea-leval was over one hundred meters lower than today, meaning that, for example, the south shore of Long Island was located as much as one hundred miles (160 kilometers) south of its present position (Sirkin 1995). What is now Long Island Sound was not a marine ecosystem, but rather a fxeshwater glacial lake that eventually burst through the moraine behind which it was dammed, and drained into the Atlantic Ocean. The environment settled by the earliest inhabitants of Long Island's North Fork was therefore not coastal in the modern sense. After the retreat of the glacial ice she~, tundra vegetation, similar to that found today in Alaska and northern Canada, colonized newly exposed Long Island (Sirkin 1995). Between 19,000 and 11,000 years ago, a spruce dominated forest was present, to be followed by a forest dominated by pine. Finally, by 9000 B.P. (during the Early Archaic period [Table I]) hardwood forests similar to those that characterize the Eastern Woodlands today begun to develop on Long Island. ' The Archaic period (Table 1) is characterized by the gradual development of more-or-less modern environmental conditions. Native American groups adapted to the abundant resources provided by interior woodlands, ponds, and rivers, as well as coastal esmarias by exploiting a broad range of food (nuts, large and small game, seed-bearing plants, fish, etc.) and industrial products (stone for making tools and weapons, plants for baskets and textiles, bark for house construction, etc.). By the end of the Late Archaic period the region was heavily settled, with populations for the southern New England coast including Long Island possibly numbering in the thousands. Amhaeological evidence of this apparent population increase is reflected in the high number of archaeological sites dating to this period, and by the large size of individual settlements. Analysis of faunal materials suggest that populations were probably rather sedentary, living in fixed settlements for most of the year (Gwynne 1982). Small- stemmed projectile points (cf. Ritchie 1971), referred to as Wading River, Squiimocket, or Lamoka types are very common at Long Island sites dating to the traditionally-defined Late Archaic, although they are also sometimes found in association with more recent prehistoric pottery. Archaeologically, little behavioral change is observable during the Woodland period on Long Island (Bernstein 2006). Some artifact forms are altered (e.g., projectile point shape) and pottery seems to be increasingly important over time (Table 1), but the long-established economic pattern of the exploitation of a broad range of natural resources continues. During the Late Woodland period agriculture becomes important in the economies of native groups living along the middle and upper reaches of the major river valleys (e.g., Hudson, Connecticut, Housatonic) in mainland New York and Connecticut. The importance of agriculture on the coast, including Long Island, is still not well known and is a topic much debated by archaeologists (Bendremer and Dewar 1994; Bemstein 1993; Ceci 1979, 1982; Lavin 1988; Silver 1981). Regardless of the importance of caltivated foods like corn, beans, and squash in the diet, it is clear that Native peoples on the coast continued to hunt, gather, and collect a diveme range of available resources. Northeastern Longlsland. The North Fork of eastern Long Island was probably first settled sometime prior to 10,000 years ago, after the retreat of the last Pleistocene glacier. The date of the first arrival is not known, and no Paleoindian period sites (Table 1) have been excavated on Long Island. At least three fluted projectile points have been found on the North Fork, including one from Cutchogue not far from the Skunk Lane site (Merwin 2000; Saxon 1973), indicating that the region was at least sporadinally inhabited during the Paleoindlan period. As mentioned above, the archaeological data suggest that intensive occupation of Long Island by Native peoples began during Late Archaic times (roughly 3000 to 6000 B.P.; Table 1). Sites dating to this period are oflen large and contain dense and diverse quantifies of artifactaal materials, along with numerous features such as pits, hearths, and post molds. Although there have been few excavations conducted by professional archaeologists on the North Fork, several sites with Late Archaic components have been reported by amateur archaeologists, with others found in the course of cultural resource management studies. Private and museum collections from the area often contain small-stemmed and side-notched projectile points characteristic of the Late Archaic period. Perhaps the best-known aspect of prehistoric archaeology on the North Fork of Long Island is the Orient mortuary complex of the Terminal Archaic period (3000 to 2700 B.P.; Table 1). In 1935 Roy Latham, a local amateur archaeologist, discovered and explored two major human burial sites, Orient No. 1 and Orient No. 2, both near the hilltops overlooking water. ' · Both sites contatned cremated human remains: individual burials (perhaps as many as 25 interments) at Orient No. 1, and both individual and communal burial pits at Orient No. 2. Several features are each site contained apparent grave goods such as quartz Orient fishtail projectile points other quartz lithin tools purposely-broken steatite vessels, gronndstone pieces such as celts, gorgets and pendants, and remains of hearths CLatham 1953; Rituhie 1980:175-177; Strong 1997:48-49). The Orient No. 1 and No. 2 sites appear to have been used exclusively as cemeteries. The Baxter site in Cutchogue, approximately five kilometers (3.1 miles) west of the Skunk Lane site, yielded both Terminal Archaic and subsequent Woodland period materials. On Long Island and elsewhere in the coastal Northeast, the Woodland period is typically identified by a single characteristic, ceramics. Coastal shell middens increase in frequency on Long Island during the Woodland and many of these have been studied in detail. Located on the west bank of Downs Creek near where t empties into Peconic Bay, the Baxter site did contain shellfish remains. The relatively small site was initially found by Ralph Solecki in 1938, and explored in the early 1960s by William Ritchie (1980:169-170). The topsoil yielded Late Wood/and period pottery fragments and broad triangular projectile points, while the underlying subsoil contained Orient fishtail and straight-stemmed (Wading River and Bare Island) points, a steatite vassel sherd, and fire-cracked rock. More than ten kilograms (22 pounds) of shell was collected flora the Baxter site, of which 9 ~ was hard shell clam (the remmmng 1% was most y oystar, 9 o . with some whelk). Some calcined animal bone, including deer bone, was also recovered. The age and context of the shell is unclear (Ritchie 1980:170). Shellfish processing locations, one segment ora broadly based subsistence strategy that was practiced for thousands of years, are present elsewhere in the region (Lighffoot et al. 1987). At the time of European Contact in the first half of the seventeenth century, the North Fork was occupied by Corohaug Indians, speakers ora Mohegan-Pequot-Montaak Algonquian language (Salwen 1978). The project area was part of an Indian deed brokered in March 1649 by agents for the English govemur of New Haven, Connecticut. Corchaug brothers Paummis, Weewacup, Nowconneey, and Neesantquaggus marked the deed in acknowledgment, for which they were paid "two fathoms of wampum, one iron pot six coats, ten knives, four hooks, and forty needles" (Strong 1997:196). There is archaeological evidence for Corchaug families living in Cutchogue between circa 1637 mad 1665. During this period Native Americans occupied Fort Corchang, a palisaded fort located on one of the streams flowing into Peconic Bay (Solecki 1950; Williams 1972). Now listed on the National Register of Historic Places, Fort Corehang was explored by Ralph Solecki in the 1930s, when collections of projectile points and other stone tools, and prehistoric pottery (vessels and smoking pipes) were made in and around the sizable fort structure (Solecki 1950). There are no official reservations or se~ements recorded for Native Americans on the North Fork afl, er King Phillip's War in 1674. However, records of slave purchases indicate that a number of Native Americans were living in the region during the late seventeenth century as slaves (Salwen 1978). The site files of the Suffolk County Archaeological Association (SCAA), New York State Museum (NYSM), and OPRH? contain information regarding seven known prehistoric sites within one mile (1.6 kilometers) of the Skunk Lane site (Table 2). Many of the reported archaeological sites were found by local collectors during the first half of the twentieth century, and the types of sites examined (especially shell middens and burials) and the kinds of artifacts recovered (e.g., formal tools only) reflect their biases. Nonetheless, information from these sites can provide context for the Skunk Lane finds. All of the prehistoric archaeological sites identified by the file search are close to Cutchogue Harbor, Little Peconic Bay, creeks, or wetlands. The closest known finds were documented by Arthur C. Parker in his early twentieth century state-wide site inventory, a "village site near the shore east of Cutehogue" on Little Hog Neck (ACP SUFK-13, NYSM 4882) and a second "village" nearby (ACP SUFK, NYSM 4930) (Parker 1920:698). Scant information beyond that presented in Table 2 is available for many of the sites, but the high density of reported finds indicates that the indented shoreline of the south side of the North Fork was heavily utilized by prehistoric peoples. Table 2. Reported archaeological sites within one mile (1.6 kilometers) of the project area. NYSM 699, Slattery prehistoric NYSM Site near west shore of Cutchogue Harbor SCAA 718 tested by William Ritchie in 1961. NYSM 4882, ACP SUFK 13, prehistoric Parker "Village site near the east shore of SCAA 719 Nassau Point 1920:698 Cutchogue." Site on Little Hog Neck excavated during the first half of the 20a century. NYSM 4930 ACP SUFK prehistoric Parker 1920 Village site reported by Parker. NYSM 8240, Grathwold prehistoric NYSM Woodland period site on high knoll north SCAA 717 of Cutchogue Harbor. Exploration in 1978 exposed large pit features with fish, turtle, and mammal bones, along with prehistoric pottery (Sebonac and Niamic). NYSM 8252, Fleets Neck prehistoric NYSM Scattered sites on Fleets Neck in Al0310.000236, Cutchogue; artifacts at the Southold SCAA 713 Indian Museum. A 10310.000242, Indian Neck prehistoric OPRHP Several scattered sites on Richmond SCAA 720 Creek near Hog Neck Bay. Artifacts found in 1924 include dark chert pieces, over 100 "leaf shaped blades," quartz flakes, and one small stemmed projectile point. A 10310.000243 Richmond Creek >rehistoric OPRHP Several scartered sites near creek east of Indian Neck Lane. ARCHAEOLOGICAL METHODS As discussed above, the overall objective of the Stage 3 data recovery investigation on the Skunk Lane Trust property was to collect archaeological data prior to site destruction by residential development. The methodology employed for the data recovery excavations was developed in consultation with the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Given what was known of the site from the earlier survey and site evaluation studies, it was decided to focus the data recovery on two general objectives: 1. Reconstruction of settlement layout. Very little is known about how prehistoric settlements were laid out or organized on Long Island or elsewhere in coastal New York. Ritchie (1980:266-268 cf. Harrington 1924), in his synthesis of the late prehistoric record from eastern Long Island, provides some general observations, but little hard archaeological data can actually be brought to bear on this subject. As discussed below, the best strategy to search for features and reconstruct spatial relationships at sites like Skunk Lane is to expose broad hodzontel areas. 2. Reconstruction and analysis of prehistoric lithic technology. Lithic artifacts, both tools and debitage (waste material), are abundant at the Skunk Lane site. Most of the lithics from the shovel test pits and the lxl meter units dug prior to the data recovery investigation are of locally available quartz or quartzite, although small amounts of other raw materials (e.g., chert and jasper) are also present. This is consistent with data from throughout the region that demonstrate that the prehistoric lithic industry was one predominantly based on the reduction of locally abundant glacially transported quartz cobbles. The basic manufacturing sequence involved the reduction of fist-sized cobbles of quartz or quartzite to produce a series of bifacial, and less frequently, unifacial tool forms. This tradition is of great antiquity, likely extending back as far as I0,000 years ago (Bemstein 2006). While change over time in the use of lithic resoumes appears minimal, substantial spatial variation is observable in the composition of lithic assemblages. This inter-assemblage variation seems to be highly related to the availability of lithic raw materials, most especially quartz cobbles. While detailed, quantitative data on the use of lithic materials are available for settlements on the north shorn of central Long Island (Bemstein and Lenardi 2008; Lenardi 1998), an inland hunting station (Bemstein, Lenardi, Merwin, and Harvey-Cantone 1996), and a small inland quarry (Bernatein and Lenardi 2006), no comparable information has been collected for a site on the North Fork. For this reason, the lithic materials from the Skunk Lane site help expand our kuowledge of how lithic raw materials were utilized and stone tools manufactured on Long Island. Reconstruction of lithic technology at Skunk Lane required the collection of a large sample of lithic artifacts from different areas of the site. Field Methods Data recovery field work at Skunk Lane involved two genemt procedures: mechanical stripping of the plow zone over a large contiguous area, and hand excavation of lxl meter (3.3x3.3 foot) square units (many grouped to form broad exposures) (Photograph 2). All excavation units are identified by their metric coordinates relative to the same mapping datum (N0/E0) that was used for the site evaluation, the comer of the wood post and rail fence on the east property boundary 61 meters (200 feet) north of the southeast comer of the parcel (Figure 3). No shoval test p~ts were excavated during the data recovery stage of work, as the Stage 2 site evaluation included 27 shovel tests mostly dug at 10 meter (33 foot) intervals, covering the APE (Bemstein and Merwin 2006). Data fi'om the Stage 2 shovel test pits and excavation units are presented in Appendix A. The mechanically stripped area was located in the high density portion of the site and was also placed in such a way as to prevent the unnecessary removal 0f trees. Plow zone soils were stripped by a small backhoe whose bucket teeth were covered with a flat plate (Photograph 3). An area of roughly 250 square metem (2700 square feet) was mechanically stripped in the proposed footprint for the house, deck, and north end of the driveway (Figure 3). This area is smaller then originally proposed in the data recovery plan because large trees hindered backhoe operation; however, nearly the entire building envelope was mechanically stripped. In addition, the number of lxl meter excavation units was increased from 60 in the data recovery plan to the 94 eventually dug. After removing the plow zone by backhoe, the entire area was skimmed using shovels and trowels in order to cleanly expose the buried B2 subsoil horizon and to search for features (e.g., hearths, pits, post molds) (Photograph 4). Artifacts exposed by skimming were mapped and collected. I0 Photograph 2. Looking southwest at crew members preparing to draw the south wall profile of lxl meter units N30/W27 and N30/W26. Photograph 3. Mechanical stripping of the plow zone near the northern end of the Skunk Lane APE. View is north. 11 Photograph 4. Shovel-skimming to expose the top of the B2 subsoil in the backhoe-stripped area. View is north. Photograph 5. Excavation of lxl meter units in the machine-stripped trench. Looking northwest at the W12 line. 12 A total of 94 lxl meter units was excavated during the data recovery work, bringing the total from the Stage 2 and Stage 3 studies to 100 square meters. Fitly lxl meter units were dug after mechanical stripping (Photograph 5), and 44 units were entirely hand-dug (Photographs 1 and 2). Most of the lxl meter units (many placed contiguously to form broad exposures) were excavated in the highest density portion of the APE (the northern third of the APE), while areas ofmedinm (southern portion of the APE) and low (central portion of the APE) artifact density were also sampled (Figure 3). During excavation, vertical control was maintained through the use of 10 centimeter (4 inch) arbitrary levels within natural and cultural strata. Exceptions occurred in the plow zone (which was removed as one level in the hand-dug units), when the stratigraphic layers were tess than 10 centimeters thick, when surfaces were cleaned to look for features, or when a stratigraphic break was approaching. Excavation was accomplished by shovel skimming and troweling. Features were numbered and documented individually. All sediment was passed through 0.25 inch (6 millimeter) screens, and excavation information for each level was recorded on standardized forms. All units were excavated well into the B2 subsoil horizon, most to sterile levels. Soil profiles were dmwn and photographed for each unit. Soil and artifact data for each lxl meter square dug for the Stage 3 investigation are presented in Appendix B. Soil samples from three hollow-form features (Features 5, 11, and 14) were retained for flotation analysis. In addition, two small samples of charcoal recovered from Feature 5 (lxl meter units N31/W15 and N3 l/W16) and a sample of hard shell clam from Feature 8 (N24/W14) were submitted to Beta Analytic of Miami, Florida for radiocarbon dating (see below). Laboratory Methods In the laboratory, all recovered materials were cleaned, cataloged, and recorded in a computerized database. Lithic artifacts are classified using a standardized system developed specifically for Long Island materials (Bemstein and Lenardi 2008; Bemstein, Lanardi, Merwin, and Harvey-Cantone 1996). Debitage (chipping waste) pieces are placed in one of three categories based on the amount of cortex (natuml surface, or rind, found on the exterior of a stone) remaining on the domal face of a flake. Primary flakes are those with more than 50% of the dorsal face containing cortex. Secondary flakes exhibit cortex over less than 50% of the dorsal face, while tertiary flakes have no cortex remaining. Small tertiary flakes have no dimension greater than one centimeter. Modified flakes have at least three contiguous flake removals to form a working edge. Blocks and shatter are angular fragments, always of quartz or quartzite, that do not show flake scars but which are still considered products of human manufacturing activities. Bifasas are tools which exhibit substantial modification, and are worked on both the ventral and dorsal surfaces; unifaces are worked on just one surface. Cores are the original piaces of lithic raw material from which flakes are subsequently shuck, typically using a hammerstone. Preforms are tools that have been roughed out fiom cores, but were possibly rejected before finished or used as non-formal tools. Projectile points are classified using Ritchie's (1971) typology. Fire-cmcked rocks are stones that have been fractured and discolored by thermal stresses from heating and cooling. This presumably results from use of the rocks in facilities (e.g., hearths) for cooking and/or healing. Most of the prehistoric pottery fragments found at the Skunk Lane site are small and eroded, but temper materials and/or surface treatments were noted where possible. Shellfish remains are sorted by species and quantified by the minimum number of individuals rather than fragment count (cf., Bernstein 1993; Mason et al. 1998). Shell and wood charcoal found at Skunk Lane, unless recovered fi'om the interior of a prehistoric feature, are of uncertain age. Historic period artifacts were identified and classified using a number of standard manuals (e.g., Hume 1970). All artifacts, field notes, photographs, and other records of the archaeological investigation are curated at ILIA, Stony Brook University. 13 RESULTS An inventory of all recovered material from ILIA excavations at the Skunk Lane site appears in Appendix A (Stage 2 shovel test pits and lxl excavation units) and Appendix B (Stage 3 excavation nnits). Artifact counts by strata are summarized in Table 3. An updated New York State archaeological site inventory form for the Skunk Lane prehistoric site is provided in Appendix C, and radiocarbon dating information is given in Appendix D. A total of 8324 prehistoric artifacts was recovered during the Stage 2 and Stage 3 excavations at Skunk Lane (Table 3; Appendices A and B). The assemblage is dominated by quartz flakes (the waste products of stone ?~o_1 ~m_ a~_~u~ ?,..c~,_re,_a~_,d/or r,ew~o, rking), with s.m, al, ler mounts of non-quattz flakes (e.g, presumably non-local chert a~ia~r, ruyome, Shine, ann omer raw matenms), fire-cracked rocks, quartz cores and core fragments, projectile points (mostly triangular and straight-stemmed), other stone tools (bifaces, hammarstones), fragments of a steatite vessel, and hundreds of small pieces of prehistoric pottery. The artifacts suggest that the site was likely repeatedly occupied over the span of centuries, beginning at least as early as the Terminal Archaic period and continuing through the Late Woodland (Table 1). The main occupation occurred near the end of the prehistoric period (see below). Of the thirteen features identified during field work, described in detail below, ten likely date to the prehistoric period. Many of these, like the feature found during the site evaluation, are artifact concentrations (usually fire-crocked rocks) with some associated soil staining. Charcoal is not present in significant amounts in any of the features, though two small charcoal samples were collected and submitted to Beta Analytic, Inc. of Florida for radiocarbon dating (see below). Site Boundaries As noted above, a total of 27 shovel test pits was excavated during the Stage 2 site evaluation. The distribution of shovel test pits that yielded prehistoric artifacts at the Skunk Lane site is shown in Figure 3. Only three of the 27 shovel tests dug for the Stage 2 investigation did not contain prehistoric material; the remaining 24 tests had at least one artifact each (Appendix A). The prehistoric site extends across the entire APE, and thus measures at least 0.75 acre (0.30 hectare). The highest density of artifacts is in the northern section of the project area, on a low knoll overlooking Little Creek. The majority of the prehistoric artifacts from the shovel test pits (99 of 127, or 78%) were found in the plow zone, with the remaining 28 pieces (22%) from the B2 subsoil (Bernstein and Merwin 2006:7). In general, the Stage 3 lxl meter excavation unit results indicate that artifact numbers decrease with depth. Where units were dug entirely by hand, artifact numbers are highest in the plow zone (Appendix B). Note that the artifact distribution by strata shown in Table 3 is skewed towards the B2 subsoil, as this table includes both hand-dug and machine stripped units (in the latter, artifacts were not collected bom the plow zone, thus the true artifact density of the plow zone is under-represented in the table). The general trends in horizontal artifact distribution noted during the Stage 2 work in the Skunk Lane APE are repeated in data from the Stage 3 data recovery. The densest portion of the site is north of the N10 line, the lowest density area is between roughly N5 and S30, while the southernmost portion of the APE (south of S30) has a moderate density (Figure 4). There are three txl meter units near the southeastern corner of the APE (S33/W6, S33/W7, and S34/W7) which yielded anomalously high artifact counts (Appendix B). The plow zone is deeper in this location and a feature excavated here appeared to be of recent origin, suggesting that this area has witnessed disturbance, possibly from filling and grading. 14 S10 ---S20 --S30 --S40 Figure 4. o --S50 Skunk Artifact density at the Skunk Lane site, based on lxl meter units excavated by hand during the Stage 2 and Stage 3 work. Contour lines are presented in intervals of 10. Note that three lxl meter units were eliminated fi.om the contour analysis (S33/W6, S33/W7, and S34/W7) because of their anomalously high artifact counts, believed to be the result of localized disturbance. 15 Table 3. Prehistoric artifacts fi.om the Stage 2 and Stage 3 investigations at the Skunk Lane site: totals per stratum.* Stratum Quartz Non- Proj. Other Core Steatite Other FCR Pottery Total Debitage Quartz Point Tool Rough Artifacts A0/A1 133 1 2 2 - - 1 7 5 151 ~low zone 2317 86 7 36 14 7 5 446 423 3341 'eature fill 77 - 4 - - 37 10 128 B2 subsoil 3467 73 25 87 42 18 8 753 231 4704 Total 5994 160 34 129 56 25 14 1243 669 8324 'Other Tool=bit,.ce, uniface, modified fiake, preform, hammerstone, bannerstone; Other Rough--rough ground stone tool, anvilstone, abrader, etc.; FCR-~ire-eracked rock Soils and Stratigraphy The soil sequence exposed in the shovel tests and excavation units at Skunk Lane is, in general, consistent with the typical pedon for Carver and Plymouth sands as described in the Suffolk County soil survey (Warner et al. 1975:66-68). The surface layer (A0/A1 horizon) in the project area is dark brown to dark grayish brown sandy loam to tour or five centimeters (1.6 to 2 inches) below the ground surface. All shovel tests and lxl meter excavation umts exposed a plow zone of medium brown loamy sand to an average depth of 26 centimeters (10 inches). The phiw zone in underlain by undisturbed subsoil (B2 horizon), yellow brown sand, while the substratum (B3 horizon) of light yellow or orange brown sand with pebbles was reached in a few locations (Appendices A and B). The stratigraphic sequence oftopsoil/phiw zone/subsoil was encountered throughout the entire APE: in the high artifact density northern portion (Figures 5 and 6; Photographs 6 and 7), the low density center (Figure 7; Photograph 8), and the moderate density southern portion (Figure 8; Photograph 9). The soils at Skunk Lane contain a very low fi.equency of pebbles and gravel, with virtually no cobbles suitable for stone tool manufacture. However, lithic raw materials appropriate for tool making are present on the nearby beach facing Little Peconic Bay (Figure 2). 16 N32~N15 B2 dark brown sandy N3{)/WI 5 Figure 5. East wall soil profile drawing of lxl meter units N31/W16 and N30/W16. Photograph 6. East wall soil profile of lxl meter units N3 l/W16 and N30/W16. 17 Photograph 7. South wall soil profile of lxl meter units N14/W14 and NI4/W15. me~lum brown loamy sand yellow brown sand w/pebbles Figure 6. South wall soil profile drawing of lxl meter units NI4/WI4 and N14/W15. 18 A0fA1 dark brown sandy lOam pz B2 medium brown loamy sand yellow brown sand SS/W19 Figure 7. East wall soil profile drawing of lxl meter units S4/W20 and S5/W20. Photograph 8. East wall soil profile of lxl meter units S4/W20 and S5/W20. 19 Photograph 9. West wall soil profile of Ixl meter unit S51/W26. S51/W26 S50/W26 ~' A0/A1 pz B2 dark brown ~and¥ loam medium brown loamy sand yellow brown sand w/pebbles 0 25 ~11 crn I'~-- I_ 0 10 20 in Figure 8. West wall soil profile drawing of lxl meter unit S51/W26. 20 Site Structure As discussed in the Site Boundaries section (above), prehistoric artifacts were found throughout the entire APE, and thus the Skunk Lane prehistoric site measures at least 0.75 acre (0.30 hectare). It is highly likely that the site extends beyond the project area limits, particularly to the west and east. The highest density of cultural material is in the northern section of the project area, on a low knoll overlooking Little Creek, north of the NI0 survey line (Figure 4). The cenU'al portion of the APE (between N5 and S30) has the lowest density, while densities are moderate along the southern boundary (Figure 4). There is some variability in the spatial distribution of different types of artifacts at Skunk Lane. Densities of lithie debitage, fire-crocked rock, and pottery in the hand-dug 1 x l meter excavation units were compared using contour plots generated by the program Surfer from Golden Sottware. Density of all prehistoric artifact classes is shown in Figure 4. Not surprisingly, given that quartz flakes dominate the artifact assemblage from the site (Table 3), the plot of lithie debitage (Figure 9) is very similar to that for all artifacts combined (Figure 4). The plot for fire-crocked rock (Figure 10) differs from the overall plot. While fire-crocked rock densities are also highest in the northern portion of the site, the areas with highest concentrations are shii~ed from those of lithie debitage. Fire- crocked rock concentrations are evident in the northwest, northeast, and southwest comers of the project area. Analysis of prehistoric pottery counts (Figure 11) reveals a third pattern, where the highest concentrations are located south of the norateast comer of the site and east of the southwest comer of the site. Such variation suggests that different parts of the site witnessed specific activities (e.g., stone tool manufacture [suggested by the high density areas of lithic debitage], domestic activities around hearths [fire-crocked rock], and possibly food storage and/or preparation [pottery]). 21 ~S30 --S40 --S50 Figure 9. Contour plot of lithic debitage counts from hand-dug lxl meter excavation units at the Skunk Lane site. Contour lines are shown in intervals of 10 artifacts. Note that lxl meter units S33/W6, S33/W7, and S34/W7 were eliminated from this analysis. 22 Skunk La~T~'~ ~S20 ~S30 --S40 o --S$0 Figure 10. Contour plot of fire-cracked rock counts from all hand-dug lxl meter excavation units at Skunk Lane. Contour lines are shown in intervals of 5 pieces of fire-cracked rock. 23 I I Figure 11. Contour plot of prehistoric pottery fragment counts from all hand-dug lxl meter excavation units at Skunk Lane. Contour lines are shown in intervals of 5 pottery fi'agments. 24 Chronology Radiocarbon Dating. No prehistoric organic materials suitable for dating were found during the Stage 1 survey or Stage 2 site evaluation, thus no radiocarbon (14C) dates were available prior to the beginning of the Stage 3 work at Skunk Lane. Small amounts of shell and wood charcoal were found throughout the APE, but unless recovered fi.om the context of a prehistoric feature they are of uncertain age. Three radiocarbon dates (two fi.om Feature 5 in lxl meter units N31/W15 and N31AVl6, and one fi.om Feature 8 in lxl meter unit N24AV14) were processed by Beta Analytic, Inc. in Miami, Florida for the data recovery. Information pertaining to the dates and their interpretation are presented in Appendix D, and these data are summarized below in Table 4. The "measured radiocarbon age" is the radiocarbon years before present CB.P. is calculated as before A.D. 1950). The "conventional radiocarbon age" is the result after applying the C13/C12 corrections to the measured age. Information provided by Beta Analytic on analytical procedures and calibration is found on the sheets at the end of Appendix D. The calibrations are applied to convert B.P. results to actual calendar years. Calibrated dates are presented with both 68% (one sigma [o]) and 95% (two o) confidence intervals; the former are shown as solid bars and the latter as hollow bars on the graphs in Appendix D. Because of their very small volume, samples fi.om Feature 5 were processed using accelerated mass speetrometery (AMS). The radiometric date for Featam 8, obtained from hard shell clam fragments, was adjusted for the local reservoir correction for Long Island Sound (delta-R -95~121; marine reservoir data fi.om http://calib.qub.ac.uk/marine). The date of the Feature 5 wood charcoal sample fi.om lxl meter unit N3 I/WiS, 330~40 B.P. conventional radiocarbon age (cai 20 A.D. 1450-1650), is relatively late in the prehistoric sequence (towards the end of the Late Woodland period) but there is no evidence of modem contamination. The same is not tree for the second sample from Feature 5, a very small amount of charcoal from lxl meter unit N31AV16. This sample contained more 14C than did the modem (A.D. 1950) reference standard, and the radiocarbon dates are reported as "percent modem carbon" (p.M.C.) rather than using actual years (Table 4). The presence of modem carbon generally indicates that the analyzed sample dates to after nuclear bomb testing in the 1950s (Appendix D). As discussed below, Feature 5 consists of a mottled dark soil stain with prehistoric artifacts, found jast below the plow zone/subsoil interface. The most likely explanation for the modem carbon present in the portion of Feature 5 in N31/W 16 is that this context has witnessed some contamination, possibly resulting fi.om tree root disturbance. Shell from the top of Feature 8, a small pit feature in lxl meter unit N24/WI4, has a conventional radiocarbon age of 1150~130 B.P. (adjusted for the local reservoir correction) (Table 4; Appendix D). The 20 calibrated result is calendar years A.D. 1000 to 1450, with the calibration curve intemept at A.D. 1270 (Appendix D). This result places Feature 8 within the Late Woodland period. Table 4. Radiocarbon dating analyses for Skunk Lane site Features 5 and 8. Sample Sample Lab Measured Conventional 2 tT Calibrated Results; I Comments Location Number Radiocarbon Ase Radiocarbon Age 1 ~ Calibrated Results Feature 5, Beta-252888 340~40 B.P. 330±40 B.P. cal. A.D. 1450~1650; AMS date run on N31/W15 cal. A.D. 1480-1640 approx. 0.1 gram charcoal flecks Feature 5, Beta-254590 100.7~:0.4 p.M.C. 101.1±0.4 p.M.C. (modem carbon) AMS date run on N3 l/W16 (P-M.C.=Pereent very small sample modern carbon) (<0.05 gram); poss. contaminated by recent charcoal Feature 8, Beta-254591 620±50 B.P. 10504`50 B.P. cal. A.D. 1000-1450; conventional 14C N24/W14 (11504-130 B.P. cal. A.D. 1130-1330 date for approx. 100 adjusted for local grams of hard shell reservoir clam; used Long Is. correction) Sound data for 25 Projectile Points. In the Northeast, projectile point typologies have traditionally been used to construct chronological fi'ameworks where materials suitable for radiocarbon dating are not present at a site or in particular components at a multicomponent site (Table 1). In general, points are classified based on considerations of form (morphology and size), and the contexts from which they were recovered are then assigned the dates that have been obtained for similar materials in the region. This method of typological cross-dating has been of great value in providing rough temporal estimates of site occupation where it is not possible to use radiocarbon dating. Despite its imperfections (see Hoffmun [1983] for criticisms), it is a virtually indispensable tool for Northeastern archaeologists (McBride and Dewar 1981; Stama 1979). Projectile points fi.om New York archaeological sites are most often classified using the typology constructed by former State Archaeologist William Ritchie (1971), who, during many years of research, examined 10,800 artifacts from New York State in addition to materials fi.om a series of sites on Martha's Vineyard. Ritchie's primary morphological features (e.g., straight-stemmed, side-notched, etc. [1971:10-11 ]) are used to describe the Skunk Lane projectile points, followed by the closest match for specific named types where possible (Table 5; Appendix B). Twenty-five projectile points for which a type could be assigned were recovered daring archaeological investigations at the Skunk Lane site (one fi.om the Stage 2 work and 24 from the Stage 3) (Table 5). Several other projectile point fragments were identified (mostly tip fragments; Appendix B), but they are too fragmented to determine a type. One oRen-voiced criticism of using projectile point typologias for dating occupations beams particularly on the interpretation of the Skunk Lane sequence. The various point types do not necessarily represent discrete temporal periods (Filios 1989), and mom than one type may have been used by the same cultural group at any particular time (Snow 1980:162). For example, the use of straight-stemmed points, generally believed to be Late Archaic in date, may extend well into the Woodland period. Thus there may be some degree of temporal overlap among many of Ritchie's types, even in a relatively restricted geographical area. As noted above, Hoffman (1983) has suggested that this problem is particularly acute for the Late Archaic period in southern New England. The following types of pmjecti e points were recovered during the Stage 2 and Stage 3 archaeological investigations at the Skunk Lane site: .Straight-Stemmed (9 points). Narrow or small atral ht-atemmed oints m . · mate.rials, mostly quartz, are ubiquitous on the North Shore ~Long Islan~p. These ~t~f°a~ls°Car~e loY~aeVna~leafbe~er~ as Wading River (named for the North Sho~ type site), Squibnocket stemmed, Bare Island, or Lamoka 0/itchie 1971) (the latter two types are present in the Skunk Lane assemblage; Photograph 10, top mw left). Such points have traditionally been considered a hallmark of the Late Archaic period (6000~3000 B.P.) throughout southern New England and coastal New York, although there is a strong possibility that they were manufactured both before and after this time span (Filios 1989; Juli and McBride 1984). Broad stralght-stcmmed points include Genesee and Snook Kill types; one of each was found at Skunk Lane (Photograph 10, top mw right). Broad straight-stemmed points are associated with the Susquehanna tradition of the Terminal Archaic period (3700-2700 B.P.). They were most abundant during the first half of this span (Snow 1980:235-237). Side- and Comer-Notched (2 points). In general, side-notched and comer-notched projectile points date to the Archaic period. Two artifacts that appear to be Brewerton points were recovered from subsoil in the northern part of the Skunk Lane site (from lxl meter units N29/W12 and N15/W12; first and second in middle row of Photograph 10). Brewertons, along with Otter Creek and Vosburg points, are assigned to the Late Archaic Lanrentian tradition. There has been considerable discussion about the temporal relationship of this tradition to other Late Archaic complexes (e.g., Dincauze 1975; Ritchie 1971, 1980), but most radiocarbon dates tend to place its presence in this region prior to 4000 B.P. Expanding Stem (1 point). The general category of expanding stem projectile point is represented by a single quartz Orient fishtail point at Skunk Lane fi.om the subsoil of lxl meter unit N22/WI2 (Photograph 10 middle mw, third fi.om left). Named for the nearby type sites on the eastern end of the North Fork, contexts with Orient fishtail points have been radiocarbon dated from roughly 3000 to 2700 B.P. (Ritchie 1971:39), a span consistent with the Transitional period between the Late Archaic and Early Woodland in New York and southern New England (Snow 1980:239-240). Contracting Stem (1 point). A single Rossville projectile point, one type in the morphological category of cuntmcting stem projectile point, was found in the plow zone at Skunk Lane in lxl meter unit N29/W12 (Photograph 10, last in middle mw). Rossville points are believed to date to the very Late Archaic, Transitional, and Early Woodland periods in coastal New York (R/tchie 1971:46). 26 Triangular (12 ooints). The most prevalent projectile point form in the Skunk Lane assemblage is triangular. Six of the 12 triangular points most closely resemble the Madison type (Photograph 10, bottom row, four on right), while the remainder are untyped. Of the six untyped triangle points, four (all quartz) are virtually identical in size and form, and were all found within a four meter square area (N12/W12, N13AV12, and N14/W14 [Table 5]) (Photograph 10, bottom row, first four from lef0. Small, thin Madison points typically have straight edges and date to near the end of the Woodland period (Ritchie 1971:33-34). The untyped triangle points are also likely Woodland period in age. Photograph 10. Examples of projectile points from the Skunk Lane site. Top row: narrow and broad straight- stemmed points; middle row: notched, expanding, and contracting stem points; bottom: ~angular points. All are of quartz except for top row, 4t~ from left (quartzite), f~rst in middle row (chert), and last in bottom row (quartzite). 27 Table 5. Projectile points fi.om the Skunk Lane site.* Point Type I Material I lxl m Unit I Level I Stratum straight-stemmed, cf. Bare Island quartz N31/W26 I A0/A1 topsoil straight-stemmad, cf. Lamoka quartz N21/W20 4 B2 subsoil straight-stemmed, cf. Lamoka quartz N20/W10 2 plow zone straight-stemmed, cf. Lamoka quartz N0/W7 2 plow zone straight-stemmed, cf. Lamoka quartz N8.8/W9.8 Surface Find 32 B2 subsoil straight-stemmed, cf. Genesee quartz Nlg/W22 ! 3 B2 subsoil straight-stemmed, cf. Snook Kill quartzite N17.3/W12 Surface Find 9 B2 subsoil straight-stemmed chert N30/W15 3 B2 subsoil straight-stemmed ' quartz N22/W9 4 B2 subsoil side-notched, cf. Brewarton chert N29/W12 3 B2 subsoil comer-notched, cf. Brewerton quartz N15/W12 1 B2 subsoil expanding stem, cf. Orient fishtail quartz N22/WI 2 2 . B2 subsoil contracting stem, cf. Rossville quartz N29/W12 2 plow zone triangular, cf. Madison quartz N31/Wl 8 2 plow zone triangular, cf. Madison quartz N31AVl 6 2 plow zone triangular, cf. Madison quartzite N29/W16 3 B2 subsoil triangular, cf. Madison quartz N14/W15 5 B2 subsoil triangular, cf. Madison quartz S33/W7 6 B2 subsoil triangular, cf. Madison quartz S33/W7 6 B2 subsoil triangular shale N30/W15 3 B2 subsoil triangular quartz N21/WI2 1 B2 subsoil triangular quartz N14/WI4 5 B2 subsoil triangular quartz N13/W12 B2 subsoil triangular quartz N12/W12 B2 subsoil triangular quartz N12/WI2 1 B2 subsoil 28 Prehistoric Pottery. A total of 669 prehistoric pottery shards was recovered daring the Stage 2 and Stage 3 investigations at the Skunk Lane site. Each piece is described in Table 6, and surface tmatrnents and decoration (where present) are summarized in Table 7. Virtually all of the pottery consists of very small broken fragments, most of which are weathered (Photograph t I). Few weigh more than one ortwo grams. The small size and often poor condition of the sherds makes it difficult to describe decorative techniques and motifs, a very common state of affairs on Long Island archaeological sites. All of the pottery is tempered with grit, most are thick-walled (>6 millimeters), and many pieces retain evidence for surface treatment. The techniques represented include cord-marking, smoothing, and brushing. It is not uncommon for more than one technique to have been used on a single vessel. Only 31 sherds have visible decoration: 22 pieces are shell-dragged, six are incised, and three are dentate-stamped (Tables 6 and 7; Photograph 11). Most of the decorated pieces are from the northern portion of the APE. As the Skunk Lane pottery fragments are small and weathered it is difficult to place them in any sort of standard regional typology (e.g., Kaeser 1964; Lavin 1987; Lizee 1994; Smith 1950), most of which are most applicable to whole vessels or very large vessel fragments. Cord-marking and the few decorative techniques represented on the sherds have a very long period of use on Long Island (Silver 1991), thus it is difficult to assign a date or typological affiliation to the Skunk Lane pottery even on the basis of individual technological and stylistic attributes. However, brushing has been identified elsewhere as belonging to the Windsor tradition of southern New England Woodland period pottery, dating from roughly 1400 to 600 years ago (Lizee 1994). Shell-stamping fits with the Sebonac Stamped type of the Windsor tradition (although Sebonac pottery is typically tempered with shell, not gdt), with an approximate age range of 1300 to 500 B.P. (Lavin 1987; Lizee 1994). These Windsor tradition dates correspond with the Middle Woodland and Late Woodland periods (Table 1). Table 6. Prehistoric pottery fi'om the Skunk Lane site. Unit I Level* I Stratum I Ouantitv I Decoration I Surface Treatment** STP N20/W5 2 plow zone I eroded/eroded STP NI0/W5 2 plow zone 2 eroded/eroded STP NO/W5 2 plow zone 2 eroded/eroded STP S 10/W25 2 plow zone 1 eroded/eroded STP S20/W25 2 plow zone I emded/eroded STP S20/W5 2 plow zone 1 eroded/eroded STP S30/W5 2 plow zone I eroded/eroded STP S50/W15 2 plow zone 5 eroded/eroded STP S50/W5 2 plow zone 2 eroded/emded N31/W27 2 plow zone I incised smoothed/eroded I smoothed/eroded 3 B2 subsoil 1 eroded/eroded N31/W26 2 ~low zone 1 shell-dragged smoothed/smoothed I smoothed/smoothed 1 smoothed/eroded 3 B2 subsoil I smoothed/eroded N31/WIg 2 flow zone 1 cordmarked/smoothed 2 smoothed/eroded I emded/eroded 3 B2 subsoil I cordmarked/eroded N31/W17 2 dow zone 1 shell-dragged smoothed/eroded 2 eroded/eroded N31/W16 2 plow zone I cordmarked/smoothed 3 B2 subsoil 1 brushed/eroded 1 dentate-stamped smoothed/smoothed 29 Table 6. Continued. Unit I Level* I Stratum I Ouantitv ~ Decoration I Surface Treatment** N31/W15 2 plow zone 1 brushed/smoothed 2 cordmarked/smoothed 6 eroded/eroded N30/W27 2 plow zone 1 incised smoothed/smoothed 3 smoothed/smoothed 4 smoothed/eroded 1 cordmarked/smoothed I eroded/eroded 3 B2 subsoil 1 smoothed/eroded N30/W26 2 ' plow zone i smoothed/smoothed 4 smoothed/eroded 3 B2 subsoil I smoothed/smoothed 2 eroded/eroded N30/Wl 7 2 plow zone 2 oordmarked/eroded 1 eroded/eroded N30/W16 2 flow zone 2 eroded/eroded 3 B2 subsoil I brushed/smoothed N30/W15 2 ~low zone I brushed/smoothed I cordmarked/eroded 2 eroded/eroded N29/W17 2 dow zone 1 smoothed/smoothed 3 B2 subsoil 1 eordmarked/eroded N29/WI2 2 plow zone 2 brushed/smoothed I smoothed/smoothed 3 eroded/eroded 3 B2 subsoil 1 ~ smoothed/eroded N27/WI9 2 plow zone 2 smoothed/eroded 3 B2 subsoil I brushed/eroded N27/W5 4 B2 subsoil 1 smoothed/eroded N24/WI4 I B2 subsoil 1 smoothed/smoothed 2A feature fill 1 brushed/eroded N24/WI 2 1 B2 subsoil 1 smoothed/eroded N23/W12 I B2 subsoil 1 smoothed/smoothed 1 smoothed/eroded N22/W20 2 flow zone 2 brushed/brushed 1 brushed/eroded N22/W14 I B2 subsoil 1 cordmarked/smoothed 3 eroded/eroded N22/W13 1 B2 subsoil I smoothed/eroded N22/WI2 1 B2 subsoil 1 cordmarked/sraoothed N22/W11 1 B2 subsoil 1 smoothed/smoothed 2 smoothed/eroded 1 eroded/eroded N22/W10 1 ~low zone I shell-dragged smoothed/eroded 1 dentate-stamped smoothed/smoothed 1 smoothed/eroded 'SF=surface find; **exterior sur ace treatmenffinterlnr treatment 30 Table 6. Continued. Unit I Lewl* I ,gtratum I Ouantitv I D~coratioH I Sz~rface Trer~trnent** N22/W9 1 plow zone 1 eroded/eroded N2 l/W20 2 plow zone 2 brushed/eroded I cordmarked/smoothed 2 smoothed/eroded 3 B2 subsoil 1 eroded/eroded N21/WI2 1 B2 subsoil 1 brushed/eroded 1 smoothed/eroded N20/W26 2 plow zone 1 eroded/eroded 3 B2 subsoil 1 smoothed/smoothed N20/W12 I B2 subsoil 1 smoothed/eroded 3 eroded/eroded N20/W10.2 SF B2 subsoil I cordmarked/brushed N20/WI0 3 plow zone 2 eroded/eroded 5 B2 subsoil 2 eroded/eroded 7 B2 subsoil 2 eroded/eroded NI9.5/WI 1.8 SF B2 subsoil 1 brushed/brushed N 19F,,V 14 2 plow zone 6 eroded/eroded 3 plow zone 4 eroded/eroded N19/W13 2 plow zone 7 eroded/eroded 3 plow zone 10 eroded/eroded 4 plow zone 2 eroded/eroded 5 B2 subsoil 3 eroded/eroded N19/W12 1 B2 subsoil 2 shell-dragged smoothed/smoothed 2 shell-dragged smoothed/eroded 2 B2 subsoil 2 smoothed/smoothed 7 smoothed/eroded Nlg.23Y11.4 SF B2 subsoil 1 brushed/eroded N 18/13/22 2 ~low zone I cordmarked/cordmarked 6 smoothed/eroded 2 eroded/eroded N18/W12 I B2 subsoil I brushed/smoothed 2 B2 subsoil 2 shell-dragged smoothed/eroded 4 brushed/eroded N18/W2 3 B2 subsoil 1 brushed/smoothed N17/W12 I B2 subsoil I smoothed/smoothed N16.1/WI4 SF B2 subsoil 1 cor dmarked/cordmarked NI6/WI2 1 B2 subsoil 3 smoothed/smoothed 2 smoothed/eroded NIS.7/W15.1 SF B2 subsoil 1 incised smoothed/smoothed I smoothed/eroded NI 5.2/W9.3 SF B2 subsoil I eroded/eroded N15/W15 2 plow zone 7 smoothed/smoothed 3 smoothed/eroded 2 eroded/eroded 31 Table 6. Continued. N15/W14 -- ~ -- 2 plow zone I 1 smoothed/smoothed 5 smoothed/eroded 2 brashed/smoothed 7 eroded/eroded NIS/WI2 1 B2 subsoil 1 smoothed/smoothed N14.6/wg.7 SF B2 subsoil I smoothed/smoothed N14/W15 2 plow zone 4 smoothed/smoothed 3 smoothed/eroded 4 B2 subsoil 2 smoothed/smoothed 5 B2 subsoil 1 smoothed/smoothed I smoothed/eroded N14/Wl4 2 ~low zone 3 cordmarked/eroded 2 smoothed/smoothed 6 smoothed/eroded 3 B2 subsoil I smoothed/eroded 2 eroded/eroded 4 B2 subsoil 1 eroded/eroded N14/W12 I B2 subsoil 2 eroded/eroded N13.1/wg.2 SF B2 subsoil I smoothed/smoothed N13.SF~V13.5 SF ! B2 subsoil I smoothed/eroded N13/WI2 1 B2 subsoil I eroded/eroded , NI2.9/WI0.2 SF B2 subsoil 2 smoothed/smoothed 2 smoothed/eroded N12.6/W21.g SF B2 subsoil I smoothed/smoothed N11.1/W6.6 SF B2 subsoil I cordmarked/cordmaxked N11/Wlg.7 SF B2 subsoil 1 smoothed/eroded NI0/W20.9 SF B2 subsoil I rl~n~*~~stamped smoothed/smoothed N10/W17 1 B2 subsoil 1 smoothed/smoothed NI0/WI3 I B2 subsoil 1 smoothed/smoothed N10/W6 2 B2 subsoil 1 smoothe~smoothed Ng.7/W10.2 SF B2 subsoil 1 brushed/smoothed N9/W5 2 plow zone 6 cordmarked/eroded 1 brushed/smoothed 3 smoothed/smoothed 30 smoothed/eroded 28 eroded/eroded 3 B2 subsoil I cordmarked/eroded 4 smoothed/eroded 8 eroded/eroded 4 B2 subsoil 1 cordmarked/eroded 2 smoother/eroded N4/WI6 2 ! plow zone 1 eroded/eroded 3 plow zone 2 eroded/eroded 4 B2, subsoil I eroded/eroded N2/W21 1 B2 subsoil 1 cordmarked/eroded 2 smoothed/smoothed 5 smoothed/eroded =SF=sur/~ce find; **exterior sur ace treatmenffint~rlnr *r~a*,,~* 32 Table 6. Continued. I [Init t I, evel* [ Stratum I Ouantitv I Decoration I Surface Treatmntlt** N1/W21 I B2 subsoil 3 cordmarked/cordmarked 2 cordmarked/smoothed 2 cordmarked/eroded 2 brushed/eroded 6 smoothed/eroded 6 eroded/eroded 2 B2 subsoil 3 cordmarked/eroded 2 cordmarked/smoothed 3 smoothed/eroded 9 eroded/eroded 3 B2 subsoil 5 eroded/eroded NI/W8 2 plow zone 3 smoothed/smoothed 11 smoothed/eroded 5 eroded/eroded 3A feature fill 1 smoothed/smoothed I smoothed/eroded NI/W7 2 ~low zone 4 smoothed/smoothed 3 B2 subsoil I smoothed/eroded 3A feature fill 1 brushed/smoothed 4 B2 subsoil I smoothed/eroded 4A featme fill I smoothed/eroded 5 B2 subsoil 1 smoothed/eroded N0/W21 I B2 subsoil I brushed/smoothed 5 smoothed/eroded 11 eroded/eroded 2 B2 subsoil I cordmarked/eroded I smoothed/eroded 1 eroded/eroded N0/W8 2 plow zone 1 cordmarked/eroded 5 smoothed/smoothed 7 smoothed/eroded I eroded/eroded 3 B2 subsoil I smoothed/eroded 4 B2 subsoil 3 smoothed/eroded 1 eroded/eroded N0/W7 1 A0/A1 1 smoothed/eroded 2 plow zone 3 smoothed/smoothed 3 smoothed/eroded 3 eroded/eroded 4 B2 subsoil 2 smoothed/eroded 1 eroded/eroded S4/W20 2 plow zone 3 smoothed/eroded 3 eroded/eroded 3 B2 subsoil 1 eroded/eroded S5/W20 2 >low zone 1 cordmark~d/eroded I eroded/eroded 4 B2 subsoil I eroded/eroded SF=surface find; **exterior sur ace treatmen~Yinterinr treatment 33 Table 6. Continued ~ 2 ~ .... ! ....... eordmarked/cordmarked I smoothed/smoothed 3 smoothed/eroded S7/W10 2 pIow zone I l smoothed/smoothed 6 smoothed/eroded 2 eroded/eroded S21/W21 3 plow zone I eroded/eroded S33/W6 2 plow zone 6 smoothed/eroded 2 eroded/eroded S33/W7 2 plow zone I brushed/eroded 3 smoothed/smoothed 3A feature fill 4 smoothed/eroded 4A feature fill 1 brushed/smoothed 8 B2 subsoil 2 smoothed/eroded S34/W7 1 A0/AI I brushed/smoothed 2 smoothed/eroded 1 eroded/eroded 2 dow zone 2 smoothed/smoothed 3 incised smoothed/eroded 3 B2 subsoil 2 smoothed/smoothed 2 eroded/eroded 4 B2 subsoil I eroded/eroded 4A feature fill I brushed/smoothed 5 B2 subsoil 2 smoothed/eroded 6 B2 subsoil I cOrdm~rk~ttlsmoothed 9 B2 subsoil I smoothed/eroded S34AV20 3 )low zone 2 smoothed/smoothed 2 shell-dragged smoothed/eroded 1 eroded/eroded 4 B2 subsoil 1 eroded/eroded S40/W14 2 plow zone 2 eordmarked/eroded 2 , shell-dragged smoothed/smoothed 9 shell-dragged smoothed/eroded 14 eroded/eroded 3 B2 subsoil I brusherVbmshed I smoothed/smoothed S49/Wl5 2 dow zone 3 eroded/eroded 3 flow zone 37 eroded/eroded 4 B2 subsoil 10 eroded/eroded 5 B2 subsoil 3 eroded/eroded S51/W26 2 plow zone 2 cordmarked/smoothed 1 smoothed/smoothed 34 Table 7. Summary of prehistoric pottery surface treatments and decoration. Surface Treatment I Decoration I Quantity brushed/brushed 4 brushed/smoothed 16 brushed/eroded 15 cordmarked/cordmarked 7 cordmarked/brushed 1 cordmarked/smoothed 15 cordmarked/eroded 27 smoothed/smoothed 98 dentate stamped 3 incised 2 shell-dragged 5 smoothed/eroded 184 incised 4 shell-dragged 17 eroded/eroded 271 Due mainly to their small size and weathered appearance, it is difficult to determine the vessel size and shape, as well as minimum number of vessels represented by the 669 pottery sherds from the Skunk Lane site. There are only four rim sberds in the assemblage, and they are not of sufficient size to determine or/flee diameter. In terms of the minimum number of vessels, there are at least four different pots, though further analysis could very well see this number increase. How the pottery was most commonly used is also unclear. Based on her work with pottery assemblages from Connecticut and upstate New York, Chilton (1999:107-110; cf. Braun 1983) has suggested that pottery thickness and paste temper/inclusion size may indicate vessel function: pottery with thin walls and small inclusions is more resistant to thermal stress (and thus would have be well-suited for cooking tasks), while pottery with thick walls and large inclusions is more resistant to mechanical stress (better suited for storage and transport). The thick walls (generally 26 millimeters) and large inclusions in the Skunk Lane pottery might indicate that it was used for moving and storing food. The lack of visible soot or cooking residues on the sherds supports this interpretation. More analysis of the pottery pieces fi.om Skunk Lane could address this question. 35 Photograph 11. Sample of prehistoric pottery fi'om the Skunk Lane site. Top row, lett to right: dentate-stamped (N3 l/W16), dentate-stamped rim and shall-dragged (N22/W10), incised (N30/W27), shell-dragged 0',131/W26), and shell-dragged (S34/W20). Bottom row: smoothed (Surface Find 7), cordmarked (Surface Find 10), brushed rim and body 0q31/Wl 5), and cordmarked (851/W26). Summary of Prehistoric Chronology. Based on the results of radiocarbon dating and artifact analysis, the major occupation of the Skunk Lane site appears to have taken place during the Late Woodland period (approximately A.D. 1000 until contact with Euro-American settlers [early seventeenth century on the North Fork of Long Island]). Two radiocarbon dates that fall within the Late Woodland period were obtained from Skunk Lane features. A wood charcoal sample from Feature 5 (in lxl meter unit N31/Wl 5) yielded a conventional radiocarbon age of 330±40 B.P. (cai 20 A.D. 1450-1650), while shell from the top of Featare 8 in lxl meter unit N24/W14 dates to 1150±130 B.P. (cai 2o A.D. 1000 to 1450, with an intercept at A.D. 1270) (Table 4; Appendix D). As discussed above, projectile point types may be used as general indicators for dating occupations, but this relative dating technique is not without problems. Several of the point types found at Skunk Lane may have been made for millennia, particularly the straight-stemmed types. These are generally believed to be Late Archaic in date (Ritchie 1971), but their use likely extended well into the Woodland period. Despite the problems and limitations of relative dating with projectile points, they may give a general indication of when a site was occupied. The Skunk Lane projectile point assemblage is dominated by triangular forms that likely date to the Late Woodland period. Other forms, especially the Brewerton, Orient fishtail, and Rossville points, suggest that the project area was probably at least intermittently utilized over the course of several centuries, if not millennia, prior to the main occupation during the Late Woodland period. General dates for the prehistoric pottery at the Skunk Lane site range between 1400 and 500 years ago, supporting a main site occupation date of later in the Woodland period. 36 Features were numbered consecutively as they were encountered in the field during the archaeological investigations. Once a potential feature was identified during shovel skimming, the feature and surrounding matrix were typically lefl on a soil pedestal while the remainder of the lxl meter unit was excavated down to sterile levels: Next, the feature was photographed and drawn in plan view. If the feature had a hollow form, such as a pit, one half of the pedestal was excavated by trowel in 10 centimeter levels in order to expose a profile view, which was also photographed and drawn. Finally, the remainder of the pedestal was excavated and screened. Where appropriate, soil samples were retained for flotation (see below). Soil levels excavated in feature pedestals are identified by letters following the level number (e.g., level SA) in Appendix B. Feature 1. This feature was found during the Stage 2 site evaluation (Bemstein and Merwin 2006) near the northwest comer of lxl meter excavation unit N19/WI4, just below the plow zone and extending roughly 25 centimeters (10 inches) into the B2 subsoil. The feature consisted of a concentration of several fire-crocked rocks and two hammerstonas that, based on the presence of reddening and cracking, appear to have been reused for cooking and/or heating. Quartz flakes were also found in and around the feature. Soil associated with the feature was mottled with brown stains (Figure 12; Photograph 12), and very small flecks of charcoal were found throughout (unfortunately the charcoal flecks were too small to collect for analysis and/or possible radiocarbon dating). Feature 2. This feature, located in lxl meter unit S33/W7 near the southeast comer of the APE, is a pit- shaped dark soil stain encountered at the plow zone/subsoil interface. The top of the stain had a maximum width of 57 centimeters (22.4 inches), and it extended roughly 20 centimeters (7.9 inches) from the plow zone into the subsoil. The feature fill contained 38 pieces of quartz debitage, one fire-crocked rock, five prehistoric pottery fragments, shell (hard shell clam, whelk, and oyster), and coal slag. Although Feature 2 contained numerous prehistoric artifacts, it is likely much more recent in date, as suggested by historic period artifacts in and around the feature and evidence for soil disturbance in this part of the project area. Feature 3. This feature is a large shallow basin-shaped soil stain extending from the bottom of the plow zone into the subsoil in lxl meter excavation units N1/W8 and N1/W7. The top of the feature measured approximately 64 by 80 centimeters (25.2 by 31.5 inches), and it extended 25 centimeters (10 inches) into the B2 subsoil. Artifacts found in Feature 3 include 8 pieces of quartz debitagu, three fwe-¢mcked rocks, four prehistoric pottery fragments, shell, and historic period materials (leather, coal). Like Feature 2, the presence of historic period materials (leather, coal) in Feature 3 suggest that has been disturbed and may be of recent origin. No material suitable for radiocarbon dating was recovered from Feature 3. Feature 4. A dark soil stain in lxl meter unit N1/W7 was determined not to be the result of human activities afler full exposure. Feature 5. One of the two features at Skunk Lane with organic material suitable for radiocarbon dating (see above), Feature 5 consists of a mottled dark stain with prehistoric artifacts in lxl meter units N3 l/W16 and N31/W15 (most of the feature lies in N31/W16). The feature is circular in plan view (Figure 13; Photograph 13) and bowl-shaped in profile (Figures 5 and 13; Photograph 14), with medium brown sand fill. It was encountered at the top of the B2 subsoil, extending to approximately 26 centimeters (10 inches) below the plow zone. Feature 5 may be the remains of a hearth. Charcoal flecks were present in the feature in both N3 l/W16 and N3 l/W15, though in very small amounts: the charcoal sample from N31/W 16 weighed less than 0.05 gram, while that from N31/WI 5 was approximately 0.1 gram. Both samples were AMS dated, yielding one date late in the prehistoric sequence (330a:40 B.P. conventional radiocarbon age [cai 20 A.D. 1450-1650]) and one modem date (Table 4; Appendix D). As discussed above, the modem date perhaps can best be explained as resulting from intrusive carbon. Artifacts associated with Feature 5 include two quartz flakes and 12 fa'e-cracked rocks. Steatite was found immediately adjacent to the feature (Figure 13; Photograph 13). Approximately 7.5 liters of fill from the portion of Feature 5 in lxl meXer unit N3 l/W15 was retained for soil flotation. The only archaeological materials in the flotation sample were 16 quartz flakes and ten pieces of fire-cracked rock. No charred organic material other than charcoal flecks was present. 37 N20/W14 N20/W13 ! · fire-cracked rock I yellow brown sand N19/W14 0 4o mn N19AN13 Figure 12. Plan view of the Feature 1, encountered at the top of the B2 subsoil horizon in unit N19/W14. Photograph 12. Feature 1, a cluster of fire-cracked rocks (including two that appear to have been used as hammerstones prior to heating) with an associated dark soil stain. 38 N32/W15 ! B2 · N32/W16 yellow brown loamy sand w/pebbles 0 25 50 cm N31/W16 o lO 20 in N31/W15 yellow brown sand w/pebbles (~'q uarlz pebble Figure 13. Plan view (top) and profile (bottom) drawings of the portion of Feature 5 in lxl meter excavation unit N3 l/W16. The profile is shown facing east along the section line. 39 Photograph 13. Plan view of the portion of Feature 5 in lxl meter unit N3 l/W16. Note steatite fi'agment adjacent to the soil stain. Photograph 14. Profile of the portion of Feature 5 in lxl meter unit N31/W16. 40 Feature 6. This feature is an artifact concentration consisting of a quartz hammerstune and seven fire- cracked rocks with associated soil staining found in the B2 subsoil of lxl meter unit N0/W7 (Figure 14; Photograph 15). No charcoal or other organic material suitable for radiocarbon dating was found in Feature 6. Feature 7. This feature was encountered during shovel-skimming that followed backhoe stripping near the north end of the APE. An excavation hfiit, N10/W6; Was PlaCed ~0 ~ncompass Feature 71 Th~ feature is a small circular dark soil stain roughly 15 centimeters (6 inches) in diameter and 7 centimeters (2.8 inches) deep that was likely lrancated by plowing. No charcoal was present, and the only associated artifact was a single quartz flake. Feature 8. This feature was also exposed by shovel-skimming following backhoe stripping in the trench, and lxl meter unit N24/WI4 was placed here in order to investigate the deposit. Feature 8 is a pit-shaped dark grayish brown soil stain with a layer of shell (hard shell clam). It is the only shell-bearing deposit encountered during all phases of archacological investigation at the Skunk Lane site. In plan view, the soil stain is roughly circular (Figure 15; Photograph 16), with a diameter of approximataly 40 centimeters (15.7 inches). The feature is basin-shaped in profile (Figure 15; Photograph 17), and extends 20 centimeters (7.9 inches) below the plow zone/subsoil interface. Feature 8 may have served as a refuse pit. As discussed in the Chronology section above, a sample of hard shell clam from the top ofFeatare 8 was submitted for conventional radiocarbon dating, yielding an age of 1150-a:130 B.P. (adjusted for the local reservoir correction) (Table 4; Appendix D). The calibrated calendar year range is A.D. 1000 to 1450 (2o), with the calibration curve intercept at A.D. 1270 (Appendix D) (Late Woodland period). Prehistoric artifacts associated with this feature include 21 pieces of quartz debitage, one fire- cracked rock, one prehistoric pottery fragment, and ten hard shell clams. Feature 9. This feature is a fire-cracked rock concentration found in the B2 subsoil of lxl meter excavation unit N30AV15. The feature, composed of six fire-cracked rocks, is associated with small patches of amorphous dark soil staining, but no charcoal was encountered. Feature 10. This is another fire-cracked rock concentration. Feature 10 consists of seven clustered fire- cracked rocks found in the B2 subsoil of lxl meter unit N30AV27. Like Features I, 6, and 9, a small amount of dark soil staining was noted near the fire-cracked rocks in Feature 10, but no charcoal was recovered. Feature 11. This narrow pit-shaped feature was encountered mostly in lxl meter unit S 17AV20, extending slightly eastward into lxl meter unit S 17/W19 (Figure 16; Photograph 18). Feature 11 consists ora dark gray brown soil stain extending fi.om, or truncated by, the plow zone. No organic materials suitable for radiocarbon dating were found, and because no artifacts were found in the feature fill, the age ofFeatare 11 is unknown. Feature 12. This feature is located in lxl meter unit N11AV21, an excavation unit dug after stripping the plow zone by the backhoe. Feature 12 is a large dark soil stain extending 12 centimeters (4.7 inches) into the B2 subsoil. It is circular in plan, with a diameter of approximately 70 centimeters (27.6 inches), and has a shallow basin-shaped profile. Artifacts recovered from the feature fill include one quartz biface, four quartz flakes, four fire- cracked rocks, and coal. Although Feature 12 contained prehistoric artifacts, it likely has been disturbed or is more recent in date, as suggested by the coal found in the feature fill. Feature 13. This feature was also uncovered in the area where the plow zone was removed by machine stripping. Identified in lxl meter unit N19AV12, it consists of two large quartz cobbles found tugether just below the plow zone/subsoil interface (Photograph 19). Each of the two cobbles appear to have been pecked on one face during use as an anvil. There was a small patch of dark soil staining around Feature 13, but no charcoal was recovered. Feature 14. This feature is a concentration of fire-cracked rocks found in the B2 subsoil of lxl meter unit N29/W12. Other artifacts found in Feature 14 include a biface made ora sedimentary material and three quartz flakes. Some dark soil staining was observed in and just below the artifact concentration, but no charcoal or other materials suitable for radiocarbon dating were found. Fill from a portion of Feature 14 was retained for soil flotation, which yielded only six quartz flakes and five frre-cracked rocks. 41 NO/W7 NI/W7 · · Feature 6: tim-cracked rock w/soil stain B2 ~(,,~(~ yellow brown sand hamrnemtone NO/W6 o ~o ~o In N1/W6 Figure 14. Plan view drawing of Feature 6 in 1 xl meter excavation unit N0/W7. Photograph 15. Feature 6, an artifact concentration dominated by fire-cracked rocks in lxl meter unit N0/W7. 42 N25/W14 · B2 · N24RV14 yellow brown sand w/pebbles ve~ dark, gray brown loamy sand 0 25 SO cm g 10 20 in N25~N13 1 N24~N13 B2 medium brown loamy sand yellow brown sand w/pebbles Figure 15. Plan view (top) and profile (bottom) drawings of Feature 8 in lx! meter unit N24/W14. Thc profile is shown facing north along the section line. 43 Photograph I6. Top of Feature 8, found just below the plow zone/subsoil interface in lxl meter unit N24/W14. Photograph 17. Feature 8 in profile. Looking north in lxl meter excavation unit N24/W14. 44 S16/W20 pz B2 medium brown loamy sand yellow brown sand 1 Figure 16. North wall profile drawing of lxl meter excavation units S17/W20 and SI7/Wl9. Feature lI is a narrow pit-shaped dark soil stain near the middle of the wall. Photograph 18. Section pmfite of Feature 11 pedestal, facing north. 45 In summary, two general types of fea~res were identified at the Skunk Lane site. The first are hollow forms of stained soil containing (in widely varying quantities) fire-cracked rocks, Iithic artifacts, and sometimes charcoal. Features 5, 7, and 8 are hollow form features that appear to date to the prehistoric period. Feature 5 may have served as a hearth, the function of Feature 7 is unknown, and Feature 8 was likely a refuse pit. Feature 11 is pit-shaped in profile, but becauseitlacks clearly associated artifacts and materialsuitable for radiocarbon dating, its age is unknown. Features 2, 3, and 12 are well-defined pit-shaped and basin-shaped soil stains extending below the plow zone, but the presence of historic period materials in and around these contexts suggest that they are disturbed and/or recent in date. The second type of feature at Skunk Lane consists of artifact concentrations, typically dominated by fire- cracked rocks, and o~en with associated patches of stained soil. Features 1, 6, 9, I0, and 14 are small fire-cracked rock concentrations that may represent episodes of discarding heated rocks that were used for cooking. Feature 13 is composed of two nearly identical quartz anvilstones that appear to have been left in situ. Photograph 19. Feature 13 in lxl meter unit N19/W12, facing east. 46 Lithic Artifact Analysis Stone tools and the waste products created during their production are by far the most abundant type of prehistoric artifact recovered at the Skunk Lane site. A total of 6412 lithic artifacts (not including fire-cracked rocks) was recovered during the Stage 2 and Stage 3~vork (Table 3): Table 8 summarizes chipped stone artifacts (i.e., all lithics except fire-crocked rocks, ground stone, and rough stone tools [hammerstones, anvils, abraders, etc.]) by remaining cortex, tool type, and raw material. A complete listing of all artifacts is provided in Appendices A and B. The stone tool industry represented at Skunk Lane is the same seen at numerous sites along the coast of Long Island. It entails the reduction of locally abundant, glacially transported, fist-sized cobbles of quartz or quartzite to produce a series of biracial, and less frequently, unifacial forms. Quartz cobbles are locally ubiquitous and were collected from beaches and the till of the Harbor Hill Moraine. They are found in large quantities along the shores of the North Fork, including the nearby beach on Little Peconic Bay. The lithic assemblage from the Skunk Lane site can be divided into four major categories. The first category consists of chipped stone tools and tool fragments. These include projectile points (Photograph 10) and other bifece forms (Photograph 20), unifaces, preforms, and modified flakes (sometimes referred to as retouched flakes). The second category is comprised of debitage (waste material): primary, secondary, tertiary flakes, small tertiary flakes (those with no dimension greater than one centimeter), and block/shatter (Photograph 21). These terms are defined above in the section on laboratory methodology. Next are cores, which are the original pieces of lithic raw material from which flakes are subsequently snuck (Photograph 22). Hammerstones, abraders, anvilstones, and other rough and/or ground stone tools are the fourth category. Steatite (soapstone) vessel fragments found in the far north of the Skunk Lane APE are described separately below. Photograph 20. Examples of quartz bifaces from Skunk Lane. Top row, left to right: N0/W21, N1 l/W21, N31/W 15, and N27/W5. Bottom row, left to right: S51/W26, N15/W 14, and two bifaces from N30/W15. All are from B2 subsoil, except for second from lett in both top and bottom rows. 47 Photograph 21. Quartz and quartzite debitage from the plow zone of lxl meter unit N22/W20. Photograph 22. Examples of cores from Skunk Lane. Top row: quartz cores from B2 subsoil of lxl meter unit N12/W2. BoSom row: rhyolite core (Surface Find 22, located at N12.6/W21.8 [top of subsoil]). 48 Quartz Cobble Technology. The analysis of the quartz and quartzite tools and debitage indicates that the entire sequence of tool manufacturing took place at the Skunk Lane site. Pieces retaining the outside rind (cortex) from the raw cobbles are abundant, as are small thin flakes resulting from the final finishing of stone tools (Photograph 21). Nearly all of the cores (55 of 56) found at Skunk Lane are partially reduced quartz and quartzite cobbles (Photograph 22). As can be seen in Table 8, quartz flakes dominate the chipped stone assemblage from Skunk Lane. A total of 5994 pieces of quattz debitage was recovered, of which tertia~ flakes (regular and small) comprise 60%, waste flakes with cortex remaining (primary and secondary flakes) are 30%, and block/shatter pieces are 10% of the total. This ratio is fairly typical of Long Island habitation sites where the complete stone tool manufacturing process was undertaken (Bernstein and Lenardi 2008; Lenardi 1998). Table 9 presents five basic indices useful for describing Long Island lithic assemblages that have been computed for four Long Island sites (Bemstein et al. 2002). Three are multicomponent prehistoric habitation sites on the north shore of central Suffolk County: Eagles Nest and Solomon on Mount Sinai Harbor (located approximately 48 kilometers [30 miles] west of the Skunk Lane site) (Bemstein et al. 1993, 1997), and Holterbosch on Port Jefferson Harbor (approximately 56 kilometers [35 miles] west of Skunk Lane) (Bernstain et al. 2002). Beach cobbles appropriate for stone tool manufacture are readily available at the Solomon site, and are not far from the Eagles Nest and Holterbosch sites. The Coram Route 112 site (approximately 50 kilometers [32 miles] southwest of Skunk Lane) is a special purpose hunting locale in the center Suffolk County, where cobbles suitable for stone tool manufacture are not exposed nearby (Bernstein, Lenardi, Merwin, and Harvey- Cantone 1996). The first t~vo indices in Table 9 (tools/cores and tools/debitage) are simple ratios. The next two (% tertiary flakes and % primary flakes) are percentages of the total unmodified flakes from the sites. The final index (% of debitage=b/s) is the pementage of the total number of debitage pieces consisting of block/shalter. Note that the Skunk Lane assemblage is divided into quartz and quartzite versus non-quartz raw materials, as these two classes appear to have been treated very differently at the site (see below). There are a few characteristics of the Skunk Lane quartz and quartzite lithic assemblage worth noting. First, Skunk Lane yielded the highest number of quartz and quartzite cores (55) in raiation~ship to tools (projectile points, bifaces, unifanas, modified flakes, and preforms totaling 119 artifacts) when compared to the other sites (Table 9). This suggests that a considerable amount of early stage reduction (initial removal of material from cores) occurred at Skunk Lane, and the high pemantage of primary flakes (1 g.l%, significantly higher than the other sites; Table 9) supports this interpretation. The likely reason for the high frequency of quartz cores at the Skunk Lane site (Photograph 22) is proximity to the shoreline and the source of beach cobbles. The fist-sized cobbles (almost always of quartz) that were used to manufacture stone tools throughout prehistory on Long Island are available in limitless quantities along the North Shore. As is to be expected, their frequency on the ground surface declines as distance fi.om the coast increases. It is no surprise that people were reluctant to transport these heavy items over long distances. The cobble cores were initially reduced on, or just back from, the beach, and the partially worked (and much lighter) stones were then carried inland to be made into finished tools as the need arose. At locations like the Skunk Lane site, a very short walk from the shoreline, there was no need to reduce cobbles before bringing them back to camp. The unworked raw material was simply carried to a comfortable spot, and the manufacturing process was carried out in full. In contrast, finished or nearly finished tools were transported to sites like Coram Route 112, located substantial distances away from the coast. In addition, the much larger percentage of primary flakes and smaller percentage of tertiary flakes at Skunk Lane, compared with the other Long Island sites (Table 9), may reflect a relatively high degree of expediency with minor retouching of the final tool form. Quartz tools were quickly made, used, and discarded on the site with apparently little curation or resharpening. 49 Table 8. Raw material of chipped stone artifacts fi.om the Skunk Lane site.* Debitage Tools Material pri sec tert sm tert b/s proj bif uni mf pre core Total pt quartz 1086 739 2991 579 599 28 79 3 5 2 54 6165 quartzite 1 5 - 2 .... 1 9 chert - 111 3 2 - 116 jasper - 1 15 ....... 16 chalcedony - 6 1 - - 7 shale 1 7 - 1 1 - 10 rhyolite - 1 4 - 1 1 1 8 other sedimentary - 2 - 2 - 4 other undetermined 2 - - - 2 *pti=primary flake, sec=secondary flake, tert~ertiary flake, sm tert=small tertiary flake, b/s=block/shatter, proj pt=- projectile point, bif=-biface, uni-~niface, mr=modified flake, pre=preform Table 9. Comparative data for Long Island lithic assemblages. Archaeological Site Index Coram Eagles Nest Solomon Holterbosch ~ Skunk Lane Skunk Lane Route 112 (quartz and (non-quartz) , quartzite) tools/cores 101.0 16.2 3.5 2.6 2.2 5.0 tools/debitage .025 .054 .029 .015 .020 .052 % primary flakes 5.2 2.6 3.7 1.9 18.1 1.3 % tertiary flakes 73.9 72.2 66.3 I 78.4 59.6 98.1 % debitage=b/s 8.3 2.6 4.9 0.4 10.0 0 5O Non-Quartz Lithics. Slightly more than 97% of the chipped stone artifacts from the Skunk Lane site are of locally available quartz and quartzite. Chert, possibly acquired from an off-island source, occurs with the next highest frequency (116 pieces, or 1.8% of the lithic assemblage), followed by jasper, shale, rhyolite, chalcedony, and other materials (Table 8; Photograph 23). Unlike quartz tool technology at the Skunk Lane site, non-quartz does not appear to have been treated expediently. Instead, non-quartz raw materials were transported to the site probably already in worked form, then curated, mused, and resharpened. Only one core made from a material other than quartz and quartzite, in this case rhyolite, was found (Photograph 22). Most of the non-quartz flakes are small and lack cortex (Photograph 23). In contrast, the quartz assemblage is characterized by a broad range of debitage types (Photograph 21); many of the pieces are quite large and roughly 30% retain cortex on their dorsal surfaces. Clearly, different procurement and manufacturing strategies were used for the locally abundant lithic materials (quartz and quartzite) than were employed with the scarcer cherts, jasper, shale, rhyolite, chalcedony, and other materials. Quartz and quartzite tools were made from start to finish at the Skunk Lane site, and then used, discarded, or lost. The relatively high frequency of tools to debitage for non-quartz (the second highest after the Eagles Nest site) and the very high percentage of non-quartz tertiary flakes (Table 9) indicate that these materials were utilized much differently. Finished or nearly finished tools were brought to the site where they may have received sharpening before use, resulting in the deposition of only small, non-cortical pieces of debitage. Photograph 23. Examples of non-quartz debitage from Skunk Lane. Top row: NI g/W 1 (plow zone), middle row: Ng/w5 (plow zone), bottom row: S34/W20 (subsoil). 51 Stone Tools: Chipped and Ground/Rough. In addition to manufacturing stone tools, the prehistoric inhabitants of the Skunk Lane site were using the tools as well. Although the specific uses of all the tools can not be determined, it is likely that the projectile points (Photograph 10) were designed primarily for hunting, and that the bifaces (Photograph 20), tmifaces, and modified flakes were used for everyday tasks such as cutting food, processing animal meat and hides, scraping wood and other plant material, and fabricating items (e.g., bowls, spears, arrows) of wood and other materials. Several rough stone artifacts were found at the Skunk Lane site, including harrmaerstones, possible abraders, anvilstones, and a possible bannerstone fragment (Appendices A and B). The hammemtones are typically elongated quartz or quartzite cobbles that show evidence of battering on one or more ends (bottom right in Photograph 24). Abraders are coarse rough stones that may have been used to shape and smooth materials such as bone or wood. The anvilstones are large cobbles that show pitting on one or more faces, and may have been used for tasks such as cracking open nuts (left in Photograph 24). One possible bannemtone (spear-thrower or atlatl weight) fragment made of granite was found in lxl meter unit N29/W12 (upper right in Photograph 24). Steatite. A total of 25 steatite (soapstone) fragments was recovered during the data recovery work at Skunk Lane (Photograph 25). All of the pieces came from a relatively small area measuring three by four meters, consisting of lxl meter units N29/W16, N30/W16, N30/Wl 7, N31/WI 5, N31/W16, N3 l/W17, and N31/WIS. Most of the steatite was found in N30/W17 (I0 pieces) and N3 l/W16 (8 pieces), and most was from the B2 subsoil (18 pieces) with the remainder (7 pieces) from the plow zone (Table 3; Appendix B). There are three rim sherds and 22 body sherds, and it is likely that they are all part of one vessel. Them are no known sources of steatite in New York State. Souming studies indicate that steatite artifacts found here are typically made on materials quarried from southern New England (eastern Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Massachusetts) (Sassaman 1999:89-90). Thus the presence of steatite on eastern Long Island sites like Skunk Lane provides evidence of long-distance (probably waterborne) transport or exchange. Steatite formerly held a major role in traditional culture-historical frameworks for New York and New England. Ritchie (1980:150) described the Transitional Period (now commonly called the Terminal Archaic) as one in which Native technology moved "from stone pots to early ceramics," and when "carved soapstone vessels.., came into common use." It is now recognized that steatite vessels were not a technological precursor to pottery. Instead, steatite vessels may predate pottery in the Northeast by only a few centuries and they clearly persist well after the use of pottery was widespread (Sassaman 1999). In the Northeast, radiocarbon dates (from soot adhering to vessels or from closely-associated charcoal) for steatite run continuously from approximately 3700 to 2300 B.P. (Sassaman 1999:81-83). There appears to be a break in steatite use after 2300 B.P., following which a number of younger dates suggests a separate late horizon for steatite vessels. Sassaman (1999:81) cites the Christiana quarry in southeastern Pennsylvania, radiocarbon dated to 310±65 B.P., as an example of this later steatite use. On eastern Long Island, steatite is most famously known for its association with the Orient mortuary complex (see Prehistoric Context section, above), but despite its historical association with the Orient burial sites, steatite is commonly found in non-mortuary contexts. Pieces from a stoatite vessel were recovered from the Wickham Farm Estate/Sagas site in nearby Southold (Latham 1963). This site wraps around an embayment on Shelter Island Sound, and is dominated by a large shell midden feature. Sebonac and Niantic style pottery in the midden indicates that the deposit dates to the Late Woodland period (A.D. 1000-1500), although earlier use of the site is suggested by the presence of Orient fishtail projectile points and a surface find ora fluted projectile point. A similar suite of artifacts including steatite was found at the Baxter site in Cutohogan (Ritchie 1980: I69-170), described earlier in this report. Excavation at another eastern Long Island site, MPM Farm in Southampton on the South Fork, yielded a steatite vessel fragment in a well-dated pit feature. Two radiocarbon dates were obtained for the feature, a large clay-lined pit which may initially have been used for storage and later filled with refuse: 850±70 B.P. (cai 2o A.D. I025-1290, with an intercept at A.D. 1215) and 760±70 B.P. (cai 2o A.D. 1170-1315, with an intemept at A.D. 1275) (Berustein, Merwin, and Lenardi 1996). These dates place the MPM Farm feature, and the steatite fragment, well within the Late Woodland period. One piece of steatite from the Skunk Lane site was found immediately adjacent to Feature 5 (Figure 13; Photograph 13), which as discussed above yielded a radiocarbon date of 330±40 B.P. (cai 2o A.D. 1450-1650), the latter part of the Late Woodland period. The steatite fragments from Skunk Lane all probably came from one vessel that was most likely used for food preparation. It has been suggested that the vessels were commonly used for processing red oak acoms (Truncer 2006), though a recent analysis of steatite sherds from the Hunter's Home site in central New York State shows more variability in the food items that were prepared. Residue analysis of fatty acids and phytoliths on several steatite vessel pieces from Hunter's Home showed that a mixture of meat and plant (mainly grasses) foods were cooked, and that the vessel interiors may have been seasoned with pine resin (Hart et al. 2008). Several steatite sherds from the Skunk Lane site were minimally handled and left unwashed in anticipation of future residue analysis and/or material sourcing studies. 52 Photograph 24. Examples of ground and rough tools from the Skunk Lane site. Left: a quartz anvilstone from Feature 13 (N19/W12); upper right: a possible bannerstone fragment (N29AV12); lower right: hammerstone (S51/W26). 2 cm Photograph 25. Two of the steatite fragments found at Skunk Lane. These rim (left) and body (right) sherds are from the subsoil (level 3) in lxl meter unit N31/W17. 53 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The Skunk Lane site in Peconic on the North Fork of eastern Long Island was utilized by Native American groups at least as early as 1150~130 B.P., as indicated by radiocarbon dating of shell fi.om Feature 8 in lxl meter excavation unit N24/W14. Based on the results of radiocarbon dating and artifact analysis, the major occupation of the Skunk Lane site appears to have taken place during the Late Woodland period (approximately A.D. 1000 until contact with Euro-American settlers in the first half of the seventeenth century). The projectile point assemblage is dominated by triangular forms that likely date to the Late Woodland period. Other forms, especially the Brewertnn, Orient fishtail, and Rossville points, suggest that the project ama was probably at least intermittently visited over the course of several centuries, if not millennia, prior to the main occupation during the Late Woodland period. General dates for the prehistoric pottery found at Skunk Lane range between 1400 and 500 years ago, supporting a main site occupation date of later in the Woodland period. A total of 8324 prehistoric artifacts was recovered during the Stage 2 and Stage 3 excavations at Skunk Lane. The assemblage is dominated by quartz flakes (the waste products of stone tool manufacture and/or reworking), with smaller amounts of non-quartz flakes (e.g., presumably non-local chert, jasper, rhyolite, shale, and other raw materials), fire-cracked rocks, quartz cores and core fi.agments, projectile points, other stone tools (bifaces, haramerstones), fragments ofa steatite vessel, and more than six hundred small pieces of prehistoric pottery. Two general types of prehistoric features were identified at the Skunk Lane site. The first are hollow forms of stained soil containing fire-cracked rocks, lithic artifacts, and sometimes charcoal. These include Feature 5, which may have served as a hearth, Feature 7 (function unknown), and Feature 8, likely a refuse pit. rlhe second type of feature at Skunk Lane consists of artifact concentrations, typically dominated by fire-cracked rocks, and otten with associated patches of stained soil. Features 1, 6, 9, 10, and 14 are small fire-cracked rock concentrations that may represent episodes of discarding heated rocks that were used for cooking. Feature 13 is composed of two nearly identical quartz anvilstones that appear to have been left. in situ. There is some variability in the spatial distribution of different types of artifacts at Skunk Lane. The highest density of all artifacts is in the northern section of the project area, on a low knoll overlooking Little Creek, but a comparison of lithic debitage, fire-cracked rock, and pottery densities reveals differences in their distributions. Such variation suggests that different parts of the site witnessed specific activities (e.g., stone tool manufacture [high density areas of lithic debitage], domestic activities around hearths [fire-cracked rock], and possibly food storage and/or preparation [pottery]). Steatite fragments found near the northern end of the site, probably fi.om a single vessel, also suggest domestic activity (i.e., cooking). Stone tools and the waste products created during their production am by far the most abtmdant type of prehistoric artifact recovered at the Skunk Lane site. A total of 6412 lithic artifacts (not including fire-cracked rocks) was recovered during the Stage 2 and Stage 3 work. The stone tool industry represented at Skunk Lane is the same seen at numerous sites along the coast of Long Island. It entails the reduction of glacially transported, fist- sized cobbles of quartz or quartzite to produce a series of bifacial, and less frequently, unifacial forms. Locally ubiquitous quartz cobbles are found along the shores of the North Fork, including the nearby beach on Little Peconic Bay. Although the specific uses of all the tools made at Skunk Lane can not be determined, it is likely that the projectile points were designed primarily for hunting, and that the bifaces, unifaces, and modified flakes were used for everyday tasks such as cutting food, processing animal meat and hides, scraping wood and other plant material, and fabricating items of wood and other materials. The Skuak Lane site may be characterized as a camp site, where a variety of daily activities took place. It is one locus ora larger concentration of prehistoric activity that runs along the south shore of the North Pork. Other local Native American settlements, some contemporary with Skunk Lane, are described in the background section of this report. It is notably similar to the Baxter site, located approximately five kilometers (3.1 miles) to the west in Cutchogue. The Baxter site is situated on the west shore of Downs Creek, which empties into Peconic Bay. Commenting on the site's setting, Ritchie (1980:169) notes "this pattern of location on the west bank of a short tidal stream was found by our Long Island survey to be the general rule for sites of all periods and cultures," and indeed this pattern holds tree for the Skunk Lane site. The artifact assemblages fi.om the two sites are remarkably comparable (including Late Woodland pottery sherds, steatite, and triangular, straight-stemmed, and Orient fishtail projectile points), though the Skunk Lane site yielded considerably less shell than did Baxter. Archaeological research conducted at Skunk Lane and nearby sites has revealed more of the intensive and long-term Native American habitation of the North Fork. Populations certainly fluctuated over time, but it is clear that the region was the permanent home to groups of people probably numbering in the hundreds. These were not 54 the stereotypical hunting and gathering nomads, but rather economic generalists fineIy in tune with the opportunities afforded by the local landscape. The richness of the immediate environment and the fact that food and other crucial resources are potentially available throughout the year means that there would not have been any compelling reason for people to leave the North Fork on any sort of scheduled basis, though residential bases were likely moved short distances regularly. The Skunk Lane site may be one such residential base camp, perhaps occupied on a seasonal basis. Analysis of the Skunk Lane materials is ongoing, and it is likely that further work with the pottery, non- quartz lithics, and steatite in particular will yield more information pertaining to prehistoric Native American lifeways on the North Fork. It is anticipated that the results from the site investigation will be disseminated to both professional and public audiences, through lectures and possibly journal articles. All of the artifacts, research notes, photographs, and other materials relating to the archaeological investigations at the Skunk Lane site will be curated by the Institute for Long Island Amhaeology at their facility on the campus of Stony Brook University. These materials, like all those curated by the Institute, are available for study by other researchers. 55 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to acknowledge the generous assistance of several individuals who contributed to the Skunk Lane archaeological project. First and foremost, we thank the landowners, the Krause family, for their patience and understanding during the 2006 and 2008 field seasons. Attorney Gail Wicldmm helped keep things running smoothly. Backhoe services were skillfully and cheerfully provided by Chris Rehm. Douglas Mackey of the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation provided thoughtful comments and guidance on the data recovery plan. The hard-working archaeological field crew included Brad Beightol, Abbie Ferguson Beightol, Mike Carter, Bryan Frank, Gary Geiger, Jamie Henderson, Rick Hollon, Allison Manfra, Chris Melnick, Victoria Reeve, and Emily Walter. Abbie, Chris, and Victoria also worked in the laboratory, cleaning and cataloging artifacts, while Chris did most of the computer data entry. We would also like to thank the ever-talented MaryLou Stewart for the artifact photographs, and Mike Lenardi for his assistance with the excavation and artifact databases. 56 REFERENCES Bendremer, Jeffrey C. M., and Robert E. Dewar 1994 The Advent of Prehistoric Maize in New England. Pages 369-393 in Corn and Culture in the Prehistoric New I~orld, edited by S. Johannessen and C. A. Hastorf. Westview Press, Boulder. 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U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, Washington, D.C. Williams, Lorraine E. 1972 Ft. Shantok and Ft. Corchaug: A Comparative Study of Seventeenth Century Culture Contuct in the Long lsland Sound Area. Ph.D. dissertation, New York University Department of Amhropology. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 60 INTRODUCTION TO APPENDICES A AND B Basic descriptive data from the Skunk Lane Stage 2 (Appendix A) and Stage 3 (Appendix B) archaeological investigations conducted by Stony Brook University are presented. Excavation, stratigraphic, and artifactual information are included. Information includes unit coordinates relative to project datum, stratigraphic designation (stratum), and starting (open) and ending (close) depths (in centimeters) for each excavated level. Weights are expressed in kilograms. An inventory of the artifacts recovered during the project is found in the final column. All prehistoric stone artifacts from the project, including fire-cracked rock, are analyzed and classified. Debitage flakes (chipping waste) are placed in one of three categories based on the amount of cortex remaining on the dorsal face of a flake. Primary flakes are those with mom than 50% of the dorsal face containing cortex. Secondary flakes exhibit cortex over less than 50% of the dorsal face, while tertiary flakes have no cortex remaining. Small tertiary flakes have no dimension greater than one centimeter. Blocks and shatter are angular fragments which do not show flake scars, but which are still considered products of human manufacturing activities. Bifaces are flaked tools which exhibit substantial modification on both the ventral and dorsal surfaces; unifaces are worked on just one surface. Cores are the original pieces oflithic mw material from which flakes are subsequently struck. Surface treatment, body portion, and decoration of prehistoric pottery sherds is noted where possible. Shellfish quantity is expressed as the minimum number of individuals (MNI) rather than fragment count. The following abbreviations are used in the following appendices: Stratum A0/Al-topsoil B2-subsoil B3-substratum Fill-feature lill PZ-plow zone Soils Cultural Material bn-brown br-bmshed dk-dark cm-cordmarked gb-gray brown er-eroded lm-loam(y) frag-fragment It-light poss-possible md-medium phist-prehistoric mo-mottled ppt-projectile point ob-orange brown pti-primary pb-pebbles sec-secondary sd-sand(y) sm-smoothed yb-yellow brown sm tert-small tertiary temp-temper tert-tertiary under-undetermined unmod-unmodified 61 APPENDIX A STAGE 2 EXCAVATION AND ARTIFACT INVENTORY SHOVEL TEST PITS 62 Appendix A: Stage 2 Shovel Test Pits Coords Level Open Close Stratum N0/W5 1 0 2 A0/A1 NORV5 2 2 34 PZ NOAN5 2 2 34 PZ NORV5 2 2 34 PZ NORV5 2 2 34 PZ NORV5 3 34 60 B2 NOAN5 3 34 60 B2 NONV15 1 0 5 A0/A1 NOAN15 2 5 30 PZ NONV15 3 30 70 B2 NOAJV25 1 0 4 A0/A1 NORV25 2 4 24 PZ N0fVV25 3 24 60 B2 N10AN5 1 0 5 A0/A1 N10AN5 2 5 25 PZ N10AN5 2 5 25 PZ N10NV5 2 5 25 PZ N10NV5 3 25 65 B2 NIONV1 § 2 8 29 PZ N10/W15 3 ~9 70 B2 N10/W25 1 0 7 A01A1 N10/W25 2 7 30 PZ N10AN25 2 7 30 PZ N10/W25 3 30 60 B2 N2OAN5 1 0 4 A0/A1 N20AN5 2 4 33 PZ N20NV5 2 4 33 PZ N20NV5 2 4 33 PZ N20RV5 2 4 33 PZ N20TW5 2 4 33 PZ N20AN5 2 4 33 PZ Soil Feature Quant dk bn sd Im 0 md bn Im sd 1 md bn Im sd 1 md bn Im sd 2 md bn Im sd 2 yb sd yb sd 1 dk bn sd Im 0 md bn Im sd 0 yb sd 1 dk bn sd Im 0 md bn Im sd 1 yb sd 0 dk bn sd Im 0 md bn [m sd 1 md bn Im sd 2 md bn Im sd 1 yb sd 0 dk bn sd Im 0 md bn Im sd 0 yb sd 0 dk bn sd Im 0 md bn Im sd 1 md bn Im sd 1 yb sd 0 dk bn sd Im 0 md bn Im sd 1 md bn Im sd 1 md bn Im sd 1 md bn Im sd 1 md bn lm sd 2 md bn Im sd 8 Weight Description 0 Sterile 0 Coal 0 Hard shell clam 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, er/er 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Hard shell clam 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sterile 0 Sterile 0 Ted flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sterile 0 Hard shell clam 0 Sterile 0 Sterile 0 Biface, quartz 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, er/er 0 Tert flake, unmod, quaCz 0 Sterile 0 Stedle 0 Sterile 0 Stedle 0 Sterile 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Ted flake, unmod, quartz 0 Stedle 0 Sterile 0 Block/shatter, quartz 0.146 Fire-cracked rock 0 Hard shell clam 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, eder 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 63 Coords N20AN5 N20/W5 N20NV5 N20NV15 N20NV15 N20AN15 N20AN15 N20AN15 N20NV15 N20/W15 N20NV15 N20NV15 N20/VV25 N20NV25 N20NV25 N25/W5 N25NV5 N25NV5 N25/W5 N25NV5 N25NV5 N25NV5 N28AN15 N28NV15 N28NV15 N28NVl 5 N28NV15 N28NV15 N30NV25 N30NV25 N30/VV25 N30NV25 Appendix A: Stage 2 Shovel Test Pits Level Open Close Stratum Soil 3 33 67 B2 yb sd 3 33 67 B2 yb sd 3 33 67 82 yb sd 1 0 5 A0/A1 dk bn sd lB 2 5 31 PZ md bn Im sd 2 5 31 PZ md bn Im sd 2 5 31 PZ md bn Im sd 2 5 31 PZ md bn Im sd 2 5 31 PZ md bn Im sd 2 5 31 PZ md bn Im sd 3 31 66 82 yb sd 3 31 66 B2 yb sd 1 0 5 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im 2 5 32 PZ md bn lm sd 3 32 71 B2 yb sd 1 0 3 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im 2 3 27 PZ md bn Im sd 2 3 27 PZ md bn Im sd 2 3 27 PZ md bn Im sd 2 3 27 PZ md bn Im sd 2 3 27 PZ md bn Im sd 3 27 6fl B2 yb sd 2 5 16 PZ md bn Im sd 2 5 16 PZ md bnlmsd 3 16 56 B2 yb sd wlpb 3 16 56 B2 yb sd wlpb 3 16 56 B2 yb sd w/pb 4 0 5 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im I 0 6 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im 2 6 27 PZ It bn Im sd 2 6 27 PZ It bn Im sd 2 6 27 PZ It bn Im sd 64 Feature Quant Weight 2 0 2 0 0 0 3 0.081 0 5 0 10 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 4 0.811 0 0 0.034 0 3 0.049 0 0 2 0.041 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Description Pd flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quadz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Sterile Fire-cracked rock Hard shell clam Pti flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Pd flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Sterile Stedle Fire-cracked rock Sterile Block/shatter, quartz Charcoal Fire-cracked rock Sec flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quadz Block/shatter, quartz Fire-cracked rock Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz Biface, frag, quartz Fire-cracked rock Pti flake, unmod, quariz Sterile Stedle Hard shell clam Pd flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Appendix A: Stage 2 Shovel Test Pits Coords Level Open Close Stratum N30AN25 2 6 27 PZ N30AN25 3 27 48 B2 S10AN5 1 0 7 A0/A1 SIOAN5 2 7 28 PZ S10AN5 3 28 72 B2 S10NV15 1 0 7 A0/A1 S10NV15 2 7 31 PZ S10AN15 3 31 63 B2 S10/W25 1 0 7 A0/A1 S10NV25 2 7 26 PZ S10NV25 2 7 26 PZ S10NV25 2 7 26 PZ S10/W25 2 7 26 PZ Sl 0NV25 3 26 64 B2 S20AN5 1 0 5 A0/AI S20AN5 2 5 28 PZ S20NV5 2 5 28 PZ S20AN5 2 5 28 PZ S20NV5 3 28 64 B2 S20AN15 1 0 6 A0/AI S20AN15 2 6 23 PZ S20NV15 2 6 23 PZ S20/VVl 5 2 6 23 PZ S20/W15 3 23 60 B2 S20NV25 I 0 8 A0/A1 S20AN25 2 8 29 PZ S20RV25 2 8 29 PZ S20NV25 2 8 29 PZ S20NV25 3 29 60 B2 S30NV5 1 0 8 A0tA1 S30NV5 2 8 38 PZ S30NV5 2 8 38 PZ Soil Feature Quant It bn Im sd 2 yb sd 2 dk bn sd Im 0 md bn Im sd 1 yb sd dk bn sd Im 0 md bn lm sd 1 yb sd 0 dk bn sd Im 0 md bn Im sd 6 md bn Im sd 1 md bn Im sd 1 md bn Im sd yb sd 0 dk bn sd Im 0 md bn Im sd 1 md bn Im sd 1 md bn Im sd 1 yb sd 0 dk bn sd Im 0 md bn Im sd 1 md bn Irn sd 1 md bn Im sd 3 yb sd 0 dk bn sd Im 0 md bn Im sd 1 md bn Im sd 1 md bn Im sd 1 yb sd 0 dk bn sd Im 0 md bn Im sd 2 md bn Im sd 1 Weight Description 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz. 0 Ted flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sterile 0 Hard shell clam 0 Sterile 0 Sterile 0 Sec flake, unmod, quadz 0 Sterile 0 Sterile 0.186 Fire cracked rock 0 Hard shell clam 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, eder 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz 0 Stedle 0 Stedle 0 Coal 0 Hard shell clam 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, eder 0 Sterile 0 Sterile 0 Hard shell clam 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Stedle 0 Sterile 0 Hard shell clam 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, eder O Ted flake, unmod, quartz 0 Stedle 0 Stedle 0 Block/shatter, quartz 0 Hard shell clam 65 Coords Level Open Close S30AN5 2 8 38 S30NV5 2 8 38 S30AN5 3 38 60 S30AN5 3 38 60 S30NV15 1 0 4 S30NV15 2 4 25 S30NV15 2 4 25 S30NV15 2 4 25 S30/W15 3 25 60 S30AN25 1 0 5 S30/W25 2 5 3O S30NV25 2 5 30 S30/W25 2 5 30 S30/W25 3 30 60 S40/VV5 1 0 7 S40RV5 2 7 29 S40NV5 2 7 29 S40RV5 3 29 63 S40/W15 I 0 7 S40AN15 2 7 28 S40AN15 2 7 28 S40RV15 2 7 28 S40AN15 3 28 64 S40AN25 1 0 6 S40/V~5 2 6 29 S40RV25 2 6 29 S40NV25 2 6 29 S40NV25 3 29 60 S50AN5 1 0 8 S50AN5 2 8 27 SSONV5 2 8 27 S50/W5 2 8 27 Appendix A: Stage 2 Shovel Test Pits Stratum Soil Feature Quant PZ md bn Im sd 1 PZ md bn Im sd 1 B2 yb sd 1 B2 yb sd 3 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im 0 PZ md bn tm sd 1 PZ md bn Im sd 1 PZ md bn Im sd 1 B2 yb sd 0 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im 0 PZ md bn Im sd 1 PZ md bn Im sd PZ md bn Im sd 1 B2 yb sd 0 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im 0 PZ md bn Im sd 1 PZ md bn Im sd 1 B2 yb sd 0 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im 0 PZ md bn Im sd 2 PZ md bn Im sd PZ md bn Im sd 1 B2 yb sd 0 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im 0 PZ md bn Im sd 1 PZ md bn Im sd 1 PZ md bn Im sd 1 B2 yb sd 0 AO/A1 dfl bn sd Im 0 PZ md bn Im sd 1 PZ md bn Im sd 1 PZ md bn Im sd 1 Weight Description 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quart~ 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Pri flake, unmod, quar[z 0 Te~t flake, unmod, quartz 0 Stedle 0 Block/shatter, quartz 0 Hard shell clam 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, eder 0 Stedle 0 Sterile 0 Coal 0 Hard shell clam 0 Ted flake, unmod, quartz 0 Stedle 0 Sterile 0 Hard shell clam 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sterile 0 Sterile 0.013 Fire-cracked rock 0 Hard shell clam 0 Tert flake, unmod, quar[z 0 Stedie 0 Sterile 0.014 Fire-cracked rock 0 Hard shell clam 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Stedle 0 Sterile 0 Block/shatter, quartz. 0 Charcoal 0 Hard shell clam Coords Level Open Close S50RV5 2 8 27 S50/vv5 2 8 27 S50NV5 2 8 27 S50AN5 3 27 62 S50AN15 1 0 5 S50NV15 2 5 31 S50/¥V15 2 5 31 S50~/V15 2 5 31 S50/W15 2 5 31 S50/W15 2 5 31 S50RV15 3 31 68 S50A, V25 1 0 9 S50/W25 2 9 32 S50A, V25 2 9 32 S50RV25 2 9 32 S50/W25 3 32 66 Appendix A: Stage 2 Shovel Test Pits Stratum Soil Feature Quant Pz md bn Im sd 2 PZ md bn Im sd 1 PZ md bn Im sd 2 B2 yb sd 0 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im 0 PZ md bn Im sd 2 PZ md bn Im sd 5 PZ md bn Im sd 2 PZ md bn Im sd 4 PZ md bn Im sd 2 B2 yb sd 0 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im 0 PZ md bn Im sd 2 PZ md bn Im sd 1 PZ md bn Im sd 2 B2 yb sd 0 Weight Description 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, eder 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quadz 0 Stedle 0 Sterile 0 Hard shell clam 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, eder 0 Pri flake, unmed, quartz 0 Slag 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sterile 0 Sterile 0 Hard shell clam 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quadz 0 Sterile 67 APPENDIX A STAGE 2 EXCAVATION AND ARTIFACT INVENTORY lxl na UNITS Coords N4RV16 N4AN16 N4RV16 N4AN16 N4AN16 N4AN16 N4AN16 N4RV16 N4NVI 6 N4NV16 N4ANt 6 N4AN16 N4AN16 N4ANI 6 N4AN;I 6 N4NV16 N4AN16 N4NVI 6 N4RV16 N4NV16 N4/W16 N4/W16 N4NV16 N4RV16 N4NV16 N4NV16 N4/Wl 6 N19NV13 Appendix A: Stage 2 lxl m Units Level Open Close Stratum Soil 1 0 5 A0/A1 dk bn sd lm 2 5 15 PZ md bn Im sd 2 5 15 PZ md bn Im sd 2 5 15 PZ md bn Irn sd 2 5 15 PZ md bn Im sd 2 5 15 PZ md bn Im sd 3 15 24 PZ md bn Im sd 3 15 24 PZ md bn Im sd 3 15 24 PZ md bn Im sd 3 15 24 PZ md bnlmsd 3 15 24 PZ md bn irn sd 3 15 24 PZ md bn Im sd 4 24 34 B2 yb sd 4 24 34 B2 yb sd 4 24 34 B2 yb sd 4 24 34 B2 yb sd 4 24 34 B2 yb sd 4 24 34 B2 yb sd 4 24 34 B2 yb sd 5 34 44 B2 yb sd 5 34 44 B2 yb sd 5 34 44 B2 yb sd 5 34 44 B2 yb sd 6 44 54 B2 yb sd 6 44 54 B2 yb sd 7 54 64 B2 yb sd 8 64 74 B2 yb sd w/pb 9 74 84 B2 yb sd w/pb 1 0 4 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im I 0 4 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im 1 0 4 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im Feature Quant Weight 5 0 I 0 1 0 8 0 6 0 0.032 0 2 0 6 0 1 0 1 0 2 0.017 1 0 3 0 10 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 9 0 2 0 3 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 I 0 Description Hard shell dam Block/shatter, quadz Charcoal Hard shell clam Phist ceramic, grfl-temp, er/er Tert flake, unmod, quadz Block/shatter, quartz. Fire-cracked rock Hard shell clam Phist ceramic, grit-temp, er/er Pri flake, u~mod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Block/shatter, quartz Charcoal Fire-cracked rock Hard shell clam Phist ceramic, grit-temp, er/er Sec flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Biface, frag, quartz Block/shatter, quartz Pd flake, unmod, quartz TeK flake, unmod, quartz Pti flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quariz Stedle Block/shatter, quadz Pd flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Coords N19/W13 N19NV13 N19NV13 N19AN13 N19AN13 N19NV13 N19ANt 3 N19NV13 N19RV13 N19NV13 Appendix A: Stage 2 lxl m Units Level Open Close Stratum Soil 1 0 4 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im 1 0 4 A0/AI dk bn sd Im 1 0 4 A0/A1 dk bn sd tm 2 4 14 PZ md bn Im sd 2 4 14 PZ md bn lm sd 2 4 14 PZ md bn Im sd 2 4 14 PZ md bn Im sd 2 4 14 PZ md bn Im sd 2 4 14 PZ md bn Im sd 2 4 14 PZ md bn Im sd 2 4 14 PZ md bn Im sd N19NV13 2 4 14 N19NV13 3 14 24 N19/W13 3 14 24 N19NV13 3 14 24 N19NV13 3 14 24 NI9NV13 3 14 24 N19NV13 3 14 24 N19/W13 3 14 24 N19/W13 3 14 24 N19AN13 4 24 26 N19NV13 4 24 26 N19NV13 4 24 26 N19/W13 4 24 26 N19/W13 4 24 26 N19/W13 4 24 26 N19/W13 5 26 36 N19AN13 5 26 36 N19NV13 5 26 36 Feature Quant Weight 5 0 3 0 13 0.039 7 0 4 6 2 0 25 0 Description Sm ted flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Undet shell Block/shatter, quadz Fire-cracked rock Hard shell clam Phist ceramic, grit temp, er/er PH flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz PZ md bn Imsd 1 PZ md bn Im sd 5 PZ md bnlm sd 1 PZ md bnlm sd 13 PZ md bnlm sd 10 PZ md bm Imsd 8 0 PZ md bn Imsd 7 0 PZ md bn Im sd 20 0 PZ md bn Im sd 1 0 PZ md bn Im sd 6 0,329 PZ md bnlm sd 1 0 PZ md bn Im sd 2 0 PZ md bn Imsd 3 0 PZ md bn Im sd 3 0 PZ md bn Im sd 6 0 B2 yb sd 1 0 B2 yb sd 10 0.502 B2 yb sd 1 0 0 Whiteware, body 0 Block/shatter, quartz 0 Core, quartz 0.036 Fire*cracked rock 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, eder Pri flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Ted flake, unmod, quartz Whiteware, body Fire-cracked rock Hard shell clam Phist ceramic, grit-temp, er/er Pri flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Block/shatter, quartz Fire-cracked rock Hematite nodule 7O Appendix A: Stage 2 lxl m Units Coords Level Open Close Stratum N19NV13 5 26 36 B2 N19AN13 6 36 46 B2 N19AN13 6 35 46 B2 N19AN13 7 46 56 B2 N19AN13 8 56 66 B2 N19AN13 9 66 76 B2 N19NV14 1 0 2 A0/A1 N19/W14 2 2 12 PZ N19NV14 2 2 12 PZ N19NV14 2 2 12 PZ N19AN14 2 2 12 PZ N19/W14 2 2 12 PZ N19/W14 2 2 12 PZ N19/W14 2 2 12 PZ N19/W14 2 2 12 PZ N19/W14 3 12 22 N19AN14 3 12 22 N19AN14 3 12 22 N19NV14 3 12 22 N19AN14 3 12 22 N19NV14 3 12 22 N19NV14 3 12 22 N19AN14 3 12 22 N19AN14 3 12 22 Soil Feature Quant yb sd 3 yb sd 1 yb sd 4 yb sd 1 yb sd yb sd 0 dk bn sd Im 1 dk bn sd Im 4 dk bn sd Im 2 dk bn sd Im md bn Im sd 1 md bn Im sd 1 md bn Im sd 6 md bn Im sd 7 md bn Im sd 3 md bn Im sd 1 md bn Im sd 3 md bn Im sd 28 PZ md bn Im sd 7 PZ md bn Im sd 2 PZ md bn Im sd 1 PZ md bn im sd 1 PZ md bn Im sd 4 PZ md bn Im sd 8 PZ md bn Im sd 6 PZ md bn Im sd 1 PZ md bn Im sd 47 Weight Description 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, er/er 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quadz 0 TeK flake, unmod, quartz 0 Block/shatter, quartz 0 Stedle 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Under shell 0 Hard shell clam 0 Oyster 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, eder 0 Pri flake, unmod, quar[z 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Slipper shell 0 Sm ted flake, unmod, quartz. 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Block/shatter, quartz. 0 Core, quartz 0.242 Fire-cracked rock 0 Hard shell clam 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, er/er 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz N19AN14 3 12 22 N19/W14 4 22 25 PZ md bn Im sd 1 PZ md bnlm sd 2 0 Whitewam, rim 0 Block/shatter, quartz 7] Appendix A: Stage 2 1xl m Units Coords Level N19AN14 4 N19NV14 4 N19AN14 4 22 25 PZ N19NV14 5 25 35 B2 N19/W14 5 25 35 B2 N19AN14 5 25 35 B2 N19AN14 5 25 35 B2 N19/W14 5 25 35 B2 N19NV14 5 25 35 B2 N19AN14 5 25 35 B2 N19NV14 5A 25 35 B2 N19AN14 5A 25 35 B2 N19/W14 5A 25 35 B2 N19AN14 5B 25 30 B2 N19AN14 5B 25 30 B2 NI9/W14 5B 25 30 B2 N19AN14 6 35 45 B2 N19AN14 e 35 45 B2 N19AN14 6A 35 45 B2 N19/W14 6A 35 45 B2 N19AN14 6A 35 45 B2 N19/W14 7 45 55 B2 N19/W14 7A 45 55 B2 N19NV14 7A 45 55 B2 N19NV14 7A 45 55 B2 NlgNV14 7A 45 55 B2 N19AN14 8 55 65 B2 N19/W14 8 55 65 B2 N19/W14 8A 55 65 B2 N19NV14 9 65 75 B2 Open Close Stratum Soil 22 25 PZ md bnlm sd 22 25 PZ md bn Im sd 22 25 PZ md bnlm sd 22 25 PZ md bn Im sd Feature Quant Weight 1 0 17 0 I 0 3 0 1 0.07 1 0 I 0 I 0 4 0 1 0 I 0.232 2 0 1 7 0.91 1 2 0 2 0 2 0 1 0 7 0 1 0 I 0 I 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 md bn Im sd fb sd fb sd lb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd lb sd lb sd lb sd lb sd tb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd ?2 Description Hard shell clam Sec flake, unmod, quarb~ Sm te~t flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, under Block/shatter, quartz Fire-cracked rock Hard shell clam Hematite nodule Pri flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Block/shatter, quartz Fire-cracked rock Tert flake, unmod, quartz Fire-cracked rock Hammerstone Sec flake, unmod, quartz Pti flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Pd flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz BIocldshatter, quartz Pd flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, rhyolite Sec flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Sterile Tert flake, unmod, quartz Coords N19NV14 N20RV10 N20NV10 N20NV10 N20NV10 N20AN10 N20NV10 N20/Wl0 N20AN10 N20AN10 N20/W10 N20NV10 N20NV10 N20NV10 N20NV10 N20/W10 N20AN10 N20/W10 N20RV10 N20NV10 N20/W10 N20NV10 N20/VVl0 Appendix A: Stage 2 lxl m Units Level Open Close Stratum Soil 9A 65 75 B2 yb sd I 0 2 AOIAI dk bn sd Im 10 75 85 B2 yb sd 11 85 95 B2 yb sd 2 2 12 PZ md bn Im sd 2 2 12 PZ md bnlmsd 2 2 12 PZ md bn Im sd 2 2 12 PZ md bnlmsd 2 2 12 PZ md bn Im sd 2 2 12 PZ md bn Im sd 2 2 12 PZ md bnlmsd 2 2 12 PZ md bnlm sd 3 12 22 PZ md bn Im sd 3 12 22 PZ md bn Im sd 3 12 22 PZ md bn Im sd 3 12 22 PZ md bn Im sd 3 12 22 PZ md bn Im sd 3 12 22 PZ md bn Im sd 3 12 22 PZ md bnlmsd 3 12 22 PZ md bn Im sd 3 12 22 PZ md bn lm sd 3 12 22 PZ md bn Im sd 3 12 22 PZ md bn Im sd 3 12 22 PZ md bn Im sd Feature Quant Weight 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 13 0 7 0 I 0 5 0 10 0.056 1 0 2 0 4 0 5 0 4 0 25 0 Description Stedle Sterile Tert flake, unmod, quarlz Stedle Block/shatter, quadz Hard shell clam Oyster Ppt, Lamoka, quartz Pri flake, unmod, quadz Sm tedflake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, chert Tert flake, unmod, quartz Block/shatter, quartz Bone, animal, burned Brick Fire-cracked rock Hard shell clam Oyster Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, eder Pd flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmgd, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, chert Tert flake, unmod, quartz N20NV10 4 22 25 PZ md bn Im sd N20NV10 4 22 25 PZ md bn Im sd N20NV10 4 22 25 PZ md bn Im sd N20RV10 4 22 25 PZ md bn Im sd N20NV10 4 22 25 PZ md bn Im sd N20NV10 4 22 25 PZ md bn Im sd N20NV10 4 22 25 PZ md bn im sd 2 1 2 4 8 0 Block/shatter, quartz 0.14 Fire-cracked rock 0 Hard shetl clam 0 Oyster 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sm tert §ake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quadz 73 Appendix A: Stage 2 1xl m Units Coords Level Open Close Stratum N20NV10 4 22 25 PZ N20NV10 5 25 35 ~2 N20A, V10 5 25 35 ~2 N20AN10 5 25 35 B2 N20NV10 5 25 35 B2 N20AN10 5 25 35 B2 N20/W10 5 25 35 B2 N20/VV10 5 25 35 B2 N20/~N10 5 25 35 B2 N20AN10 6 35 45 B2 N20AN10 6 35 45 B2 N20/W10 6 35 45 B2 N20/W10 6 35 45 B2 N20/W10 6 35 45 B2 N20AN10 7 45 55 B2 N20AN10 7 45 55 B2 N20NVI0 7 45 55 B2 N20AN10 7 45 55 B2 N2DNV10 7 45 55 B2 N20NV10 7 45 55 B2 N20NV10 8 55 65 B2 N20NV10 8 55 65 B2 N20AN10 9 65 75 B2 N20NVIO 9 65 75 B2 S21NV21 1 0 5 A0/AI S21/W21 2 5 15 PZ S21AN21 2 5 15 PZ S21NV21 2 5 15 PZ S21NV21 2 5 15 PZ S21fW21 2 5 15 PZ Soil md bn Im sd ~b sd ~b sd ~b sd Cb sd 'b sd ~b sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd dk bn sd Im dk bn sd Im md bn Im sd md bn Im sd md bn Im sd md bn Im sd md bn Im sd md bn Im sd 74 Feature Quant 2 1 6 2 3 2 2 2 8 2 5 2 4 Weight Description 0 Ted flake, unmod, quartz 0 Block/shatter, quartz 0 Core, quartz 0.231 Fire-cracked rock 0 Hammerstone 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, er/er 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quarlz 2.014 Fire-cracked rock 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz 0 Rough stone tool 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quadz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, cm/er 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, er/er 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Ted flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Hard shell clam 0 Ted flake, unmod, quartz 0.099 Fire-cracked rock 0 Hard shell clam 0 Metal, lead shot 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quads. Coords S21AN21 S21AN21 S21NV21 S21AN21 S21AN21 S21AN21 S21NV21 S21AN21 S2'[AN21 S49/W15 S49NV15 S49/W15 S49AN15 S49NV15 S49/W15 S49/W15 S49/W15 S49NV15 S49AN15 S49/W15 S49AN15 S49/W15 S49AN15 S49AN15 S49AN15 Appendix A: Stage 2 lxl m Units Level Open Close Stratum Soil 2 5 15 PZ md bn Im sd 3 15 21 PZ md bnlm sd 3 15 21 PZ md bnlmsd 3 15 21 PZ md bn Im sd 3 15 21 PZ md bn Im sd 3 15 21 PZ md bnlmsd 3 15 21 PZ md bn lm sd 3 15 21 PZ md bnlmsd 3 15 21 PZ md bn [m sd 4 21 31 B2 yb sd 4 21 31 B2 yb sd 4 21 31 B2 yb sd 5 31 41 B2 yb sd 5 31 41 B2 yb sd 6 41 51 B2 yb sd 7 5~ 61 B2 yb sd 1 0 7 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im 1 0 7 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im 1 0 7 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im 2 7 17 PZ gb Im sd 2 7 17 PZ gb Im sd 2 7 17 PZ gb Im sd 2 7 17 PZ gb Im sd 2 7 17 PZ gb Im sd 2 7 17 PZ gb Im sd 2 7 17 PZ gb Im sd 2 7 17 PZ gb Imsd 2 7 17 PZ gb Im sd 2 7 17 PZ gb Im sd 2 7 17 PZ gb Im sd 2 7 17 PZ gb Im sd 2 7 17 PZ gb Imsd Feature Quant Weight Description 2 0 Whelk 3 0 Coal 4 0.038 Fire-cracked rock I 0 Hard shell clam 1 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, eder 1 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Slag 9 0 Tart flake, unmod, quartz 4 0 Whelk 5 0 Sm ted flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Under shell I 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 2 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 0 Stedle 1 0 Ted flake, unmod, quadz 1 0 Hard shell clam I 0 Slag 1 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 4 0 Block]shatter, quartz 3 0 Charcoal 2 0 Core, quartz 5 0.082 Fire-cracked rock 6 0 Hard shell clam 3 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, er/er I 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz 4 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 2 0 Tert flake, unmod, chert 5 0 Tart flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Tart flake, unmod, undet 1 0 Uniface, quartz 4 0 Whelk 75 Appendix A: Stage 2 lx'l m Units Coords Level Open Close Stratum S49NV15 3 17 27 PZ S49AN15 3 17 27 PZ S49NV15 3 17 27 PZ S49NV15 3 17 27 PZ S49NV15 3 17 27 PZ S49NV15 3 17 27 PZ S49NV15 3 17 27 PZ S49AN15 3 17 27 PZ Soil Feature Quant 9b[msd 1 gb Imsd 3 gblm sd 2 gblm sd 2 gblm sd 1 gbIm sd 9 gblm sd 2 gblm sd 37 Weight Description 0 Biface, flag, quadz 0 Block/shatter, quartz 0 Coat 0.165 Fire-cracked rock 0 Hammerstone 0 Hard shell clam 0 Metal, nail 0 Phist ceramic, grit-romp, eder S49AN15 3 17 27 PZ gb Im sd S49AN15 3 17 27 PZ gb tm sd S49NV15 3 17 27 PZ gb Im sd S49NV15 3 17 27 PZ gb Im sd S49/W15 3 17 27 PZ gb Im sd S49NV15 3 17 27 PZ gb Im sd S49AN15 3 17 27 PZ gb Im sd S49NV15 4 27 37 B2 yb sd S49NVl 5 4 27 37 B2 yb sd S49/~N15 4 27 37 B2 yb sd S49/Wl 5 4 27 37 B2 yb sd S49AN15 4 27 37 B2 yb sd S49NV15 4 27 37 B2 yb sd S49NV15 4 27 37 $2 yb sd S49RV15 4 27 37 B2 yb sd S49AN15 5 37 47 B2 yb sd S49RV15 6 47 57 B2 yb sd S49NV15 6 47 57 B2 yb sd S49RV15 7 57 67 B2 yb sd S49NV15 8 67 77 B2 yb sd 2 0 3 0 3 0 1 0 1 0 16 0 5 0 5 0 2 0.148 10 0 I 0 2 0 I 0 3 0 1 0 1 0 I 0 0 g Pti flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz Tort flake, unmod, chert Tort flake, unmod, jasper Tort flake, unmod, quartz Whelk Coal Fire-cracked rock Hard shell clam Phist ceramic, gdt-romp, er/er Pr[ flake, unmod, quartz Scallop Sec flake, unmod, quartz Whelk Phist ceramic, grit-temp, er/er Hard shell clam Tort flake, unmod, quartz Pr[ flake, unmod, quartz Stedle ?6 APPENDIX B STAGE 3 EXCAVATION AND ARTIFACT INVENTORY lxl m UNITS 77 Appendix B: Stage 3 lxl rn Units Coords Level Open Close Stratum Soil NONV7 1 0 7 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im N0/W7 1 0 7 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im N0/W7 2 7 21 PZ md bn Im sd N0/W7 2 7 21 PZ md bn Im sd N0/W7 2 7 21 PZ md bn Im sd N0/W7 2 7 21 PZ md bn lm sd NONV7 2 7 21 PZ md bn Im sd N0/W7 2 7 21 PZ md bn Im sd N0/W7 2 7 21 PZ md bn Im sd N0/W7 2 7 21 PZ md bn Im sd N0/W7 2 7 21 PZ md bn Im sd NONV7 2 7 21 PZ md bn Im sd N0/VV7 2 7 21 PZ md bn Im sd Feature Quant Weight Description 1 0 Phist ceramic, grit-ternp, sm/er 3 0 Tart flake, unmod, quartz 2 0 Bi/ace, flag, quadz 4 0 Block/shatter, quadz 11 0.205 Fire-cracked rock 3 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, eder 3 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/er 3 0 Phist ceramic, grfl-temp, sm/sm 1 0 Ppt, Lamoka, quartz 6 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz 2 0 Sec flake, unmod, quadz 4 0 Tert flake, unmod, chert 22 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz N0/W7 2 7 21 PZ N0/W7 3 21 31 B2 NOAN7 3 21 31 B2 NONV7 3 21 31 B2 N0/W7 3 21 31 B2 N0/W7 3 21 31 B2 NONV7 3 21 31 B2 N0/W7 3 21 31 B2 N0/W7 4 31 41 B2 NONV7 4 31 41 B2 N0/VV7 4 31 41 B2 NONV7 4 31 41 B2 N0/W7 4 31 41 B2 N0/W7 4 31 41 B2 NONV7 4 31 41 B2 NONV7 5 41 51 B2 N0/W7 5 41 51 B2 NONV7 6 51 61 B2 md bn Im sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd tb sd /b sd /b sd lb sd lb sd yb sd yb sd lb sd lb sd fb sd Cb sd ?b sd ~b sd I 0 W'niteware, rim 15 2.385 Fire-cracked rock 1 0 Hammerstone 1 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz 3 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 2 0 Ted flake, unmod, chert 6 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz I 0 BlocS'shatter, quadz 9 0.072 Fire-cracked rock 1 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, eder 2 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/er I 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz 3 0 Tert flake, unmod, chert 6 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Tert flake, unmod, chert I 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Tert flake, unmod, chert ?8 Appendix B: Stage 3 lxl m Units Coords Level Open Close Stratum NONV8 1 0 7 A0/A1 N0/W8 2 7 23 PZ NONV8 2 7 23 PZ NOAN8 2 7 23 PZ NORV8 2 7 23 PZ NOAN8 2 7 23 PZ NONV8 2 7 23 PZ NOAN8 2 7 23 PZ NOAN8 2 7 23 PZ N0fW8 2 7 23 PZ NONV8 2 7 23 PZ NONV8 2 7 23 PZ 3 23 33 3 23 33 3 23 33 3 23 33 3 23 33 3 23 33 3 23 33 3 23 33 4 33 43 4 33 43 4 33 43 4 33 43 4 33 43 4 33 43 4 33 43 4 33 43 5 43 53 6 53 63 NONV8 NORV8 NO/W8 NONV8 NONV8 NOAN8 NOAN8 NONV8 N0/W8 NONV8 NONV8 NO/W8 NONV8 NO/W8 NONV8 NO/W8 NOAN8 NO/W8 Soil Feature Quant dk bn sd Im 1 md bn lm sd 5 md bn Im sd 2 md bn Im sd 1 md bn ~m sd 1 md bn Im sd 7 md bn Im sd 5 md bn Im sd 4 md bn Im sd 5 md bn Im sd 2 md bn Im sd 1 md bn Im sd 28 B2 yb sd 3 B2 yb sd 1 B2 yb sd 1 B2 yb sd 3 B2 yb sd 5 B2 yb sd 2 B2 yb sd 3 B2 yb sd 18 B2 yb sd 4 B2 yb sd 1 B2 'b sd 3 B2 'b sd 4 B2 'b sd 1 B2 'b sd 1 B2 ,b sd 4 B2 'b sd 7 B2 'b sd 0 B2 yb sd 0 Weight Description 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz 0 BIocldshatter, quartz 0.014 Fire-cracked rock 0 Phist ceramic, gfit-temp, cra/er 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, eder 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/er 0 Phist ceramic, grfl-temp, sm/sm 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quarb. 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Ter[ flake, unmod, chert 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 BlockJshatter, quartz 0.21 Fire-crackert rock 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/er 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, chert 0 Ter~ flake, unmod, quartz 0.363 Fire-cracked rock 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, eder 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/er 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sm ted flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, chert 0 Tert flake, unmod, quadz. 0 Sterile 0 Stedle 79 Appendix B: Stage 3 lxl rn Units Coords Level Open Close Stratum NONV21 1 42 52 B2 NONV21 1 42 52 B2 NONV21 1 42 52 B2 NONV21 1 42 52 B2 NORV21 2 52 62 B2 NONV21 2 52 62 B2 NONV21 2 52 62 B2 NO/W21 3 62 72 B2 NONV21 3 62 72 B2 NORV21 3 62 72 B2 NOAN21 4 72 82 B2 N1NV7 1 0 7 A0/A1 N1/W7 2 7 22 PZ N1/W7 2 7 22 PZ N1/W7 2 7 22 PZ N1NV7 2 7 22 PZ N1/W7 2 7 22 PZ N1/W7 2 7 22 PZ N1/W7 3 22 32 B2 N1/W7 3 22 32 B2 N1NV7 3 22 32 B2 N1/W7 3 22 32 B2 N1/W7 3 22 32 B2 NIA~7 3 22 32 B2 NI/W7 3A 29 32 Fill N1/W7 3A 29 32 Fill N1/W7 3A 29 32 Fill N1/W7 3A 29 32 Fill N1NV7 3A 29 32 Fill NINV7 3A 29 32 Fill Soil Feature Quant yb sd 2 yb sd 1 yb sd 11 yb sd 5 yb sd 1 yb sd 1 yb sd 1 yb sd 1 yb sd 1 yb sd 1 yb sd 0 dk bn sd Im 2 dk bn sd Im 5 md bn Im sd 1 md bn Irn sd 11 md bn lm sd 4 md bn Im sd 4 md bn Irn sd 1 md bn Im sd 17 yb sd 3 yb sd 1 yb sd 2 yb sd 2 yb sd 1 yb sd 8 dkgb sd 3 2 dk gb sd 3 1 dk gb sd 3 1 dk gb sd 3 5 dk gb sd 3 1 dkgb sd 3 3 Weight Description 0.032 Fire-cracked rock 0 Phist ceramic, gdt4emp, bt/sm 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, er/er 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/er 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, cra/er 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, eder 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/er 0 Biface, quartz 0.001 Charcoal 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Stedle 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Block/shatter, quartz 0.248 Fire-cracked rock 0 Phist ceramic, 9dt-temp, sm/sm 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0,038 Fire-cracked rock 0 Phist ceramic, gdt4emp, sm/er 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quadz 0 Tert flake, unmod, chert 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Coal 0.098 Fire-cracked rock 0 Hard shell clam 0 Leather 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, bdsm 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz Appendix B: Stage 3 lxl rn Units Coords Level Open Close Stratum N1/W7 4 32 42 B2 N1/W7 4 32 42 B2 N1/W7 4 32 42 B2 N1/W7 4A 32 42 Fill N1/W7 4A 32 42 Fill N1/W7 4A 32 42 Fill N1/VV7 4A 32 42 Fill N1/VV7 5 42 52 B2 N1RV7 5 42 52 B2 N1/VV7 5A 42 50 Fill N1/W7 6 52 62 B2 N1AN8 1 0 7 A0/A1 N1AN8 1 0 7 A0/A1 N1AN8 2 7 21 PZ N1NV8 2 7 21 PZ N1/W8 2 7 21 PZ N1/W8 2 7 21 PZ N1/W8 2 7 21 PZ N1NV8 2 7 21 PZ N1/W8 2 7 21 PZ N1NV8 2 7 21 PZ N1/W8 2 7 21 PZ N1NV8 2 7 21 PZ N1AN8 2 7 21 PZ N1/W8 2 7 21 PZ N1RV8 2 7 21 PZ 2 7 21 N1RV8 NIRV8 Soil Feature Quant yb sd 1 yb sd 1 yb sd 5 dk gb sd 3 1 dk gb sd 3 2 dk gb sd 3 1 dk gb sd 3 1 yb sd 1 yb sd 1 dk gb sd 3 0 yb sd 0 dk bn sd Im 1 dk bn sd Im 4 md bn Im sd 1 md bn Im sd 5 md bn Im sd 9 md bn Im sd 1 md bn Im sd 5 md bn Im sd 13 md bn Im sd 1 md bn Im sd 6 md bn Im sd 5 md bn Im sd 3 md bn Im sd 2 md bn tm sd 1 md bn Im sd 28 PZ md bn Imsd 1 B2 yb sd 2 B2 yb sd 1 B2 yb sd 3 Weight Description 0.012 Fire-cracked rock 0 Phist ceramic, grit temp, sm/er 0 Tett flake, unmod, quartz 0 Coal 0.051 Fire-cracked rock 0 Phist ceramic, grit-tamp, sm/er 0 Tart flake, unmod, quartz 0.004 Fire-cracked rock 0 Phist ceramic, grit-tamp, sm/er 0 Sterile 0 Sterile 0 Block/shatter, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Biface, quadz 0 Block/shatter, quartz 0.13 Fire-cracked rock 0 Hematite nodule 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-tamp, er/er 0 Phist ceramic, grit-tamp, sm/er 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-tamp, sm/sm 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sm tart flake, unmod, quartz 0 Ted flake, unmod, chalcedony 0 Tert flake, unmod, chert 0 Ted flake, unmod, quartz 0 Whiteware, painted, blue 0 Block/shatter, quartz 0 Pd flake, unmod, quadz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz $! Appendix B: Stage 3 lxl m Units Coords Level Open Close Stratum N1/W8 3 21 31 B2 N1AN8 3 21 31 B2 N1AN8 3A 21 31 Fill N1AN8 3A 21 31 Fill NINV8 3A 21 31 Fill N1/W8 4 31 41 B2 N1AN8 4 31 41 B2 N1/W8 4 31 41 B2 N1NV8 4 31 41 B2 N1/W8 4A 31 41 Fill NINV8 5 41 51 B2 NIAN8 6 51 61 B2 N1NV21 I 35 46 B2 N1AN21 I 35 46 B2 N1/W21 1 36 46 B2 N1/W21 1 36 46 B2 N1AN2~ I 39 46 B2 N1/W21 1 36 46 B2 N1NV21 I 36 46 B2 NIAN21 2 46 50 B2 N1/W2~ 2 46 56 B2 N1/W21 2 46 66 B2 N1NV21 2 46 56 B2 N1AN21 2 46 56 B2 N1/W21 3 56 66 B2 N1/W21 4 66 76 B2 N1/W21 5 76 86 B2 N2AN21 1 38 48 B2 N2/W21 1 38 48 B2 Soil Feature Quant Weight yb sd 1 0 yb sd 6 0 dk gb sd 3 I 0 dk gb sd 3 1 0 dk gb sd 3 1 0 dk gb sd 3 1 0 dk gb sd 3 2 0 yb sd I 0 yb sd I 0.094 yb sd I 0 yb sd 4 0 dk gb sd 3 0 0 yb sd w/pb 0 0 yb sd w/pb 1 0 lb sd 2 0 lb sd 3 0 tb sd 2 0 tb sd 2 0 tb sd 6 0 tb sd 0 0 yb sd 1 0 yb sd I 0 yb sd 3 0 yb sd 2 0 yb sd 9 0 yb sd 3 0 yb sd 5 0 yb sd 0 0 yb sd 0 0 ybsd 7 0.18 yb sd 1 0 Description Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz Ted flake, unmod, quartz Block]shatter, quartz Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/er Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/sm Sec flake, unmod, quartz Sm ted flake, unmod, quartz Biface, base fra9, quartz Fire-cracked rock Hammerstone Tert flake, unmod, quartz Stedle Stedle Tent flake, unmod, chef[ Phist ceramic, grit-temp, br/er Phist ceramic, grit-temp, cra/cra Phist ceramic, grit-temp, cra/er Phist ceramic, grit-temp, cm/sm Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, eder Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/er Tent flake, unmod, chert Hammerstone Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, cm/er Phist ceramic, grit-temp, cm/sm Phist ceramic, grit*temp, eder Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/er Phist ceramic, grit-temp, eder Sterile Stedle Fire-cracked rock Phist ceramic, grit-temp, cra/er Appendix B: Stage 3 lxl m Units Coords Level Open Close Stratum N2NV21 1 38 48 B2 N2A'V21 1 38 48 B2 N2AN21 2 48 58 B2 N2AN21 3 58 68 B2 N2AN21 4 68 78 B2 N3AN21 1 30 40 B2 N3AN21 1 30 40 B2 N3AN21 2 40 50 B2 N3AN21 3 50 60 B2 N3AN21 4 60 70 B2 N4NV21 1 32 42 B2 N4NV21 1 32 42 B2 N4AN21 2 42 52 82 N4NV21 3 52 62 B2 N4/W21 4 62 72 B2 N5NV21 1 30 40 B2 NSAN21 1 3O 40 B2 NSNV21 1 30 40 B2 N5NV21 1 30 40 B2 N5AN21 2 40 50 B2 N5/W21 3 50 60 B2 N5RV21 4 60 70 B2 NSRV21 1 41 51 B2 N6/W21 2 51 61 B2 N6/W21 3 61 71 B2 N6RV21 4 71 81 B2 N7/W21 1 40 50 B2 N7/W21 1 40 50 82 NTNV21 1 40 50 B2 Soil yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd lb sd fb sd tb sd tb sd cb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd Feature Quant Weight Description 5 0 Phist ceramic, grit temp, sm/er 2 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/sm 1 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 0 Stedle 0 0 Sterile 1 0.043 Fire-cracked rock I 0 Hammerstone 0 0 Stedle 0 0 Stedle 0 0 Sterile 2 0.051 Fire-cracked rock 1 0 Sec flake, unmod, quadz 37 0.141 Fire-cracked rock 0 0 Stedle 0 0 Sterile I 0 Core, quadz 3 0.167 Fire-cracked rock 1 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz 3 0 Ted flake, unmod, quartz 2 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 0 Stedle 0 0 Sterile 1 0 Biface, fi.ag, quartz 1 0.064 Fire-cracked rock 1 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 2 0 Ted flake, unmod, quarLz 2 0.037 Fire-cracked rock 0 0 Stedle 0 0 Stedle 2 0.005 Fire-cracked rock 1 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz 2 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 83 Coords N7/W21 N7AN21 N7/W21 NSAN21 N8AN21 N8NV21 NSNV21 N8AN21 NSAN21 NSAN21 NS.8/W9.8 N8.8AN18 Ng/vv5 NgNv5 N9NV5 NgAN5 Ng/W5 N9AN5 NgNv5 N9NV5 N9AN5 N 9AN5 N9NV5 N9AN5 N9NV5 N9AA/5 N9~N5 Appendix B: Stage 3 1xl m Units Level Open Close Stratum Soil 2 50 60 B2 yb sd 2 50 60 B2 yb sd 3 60 70 B2 yb sd 4 70 80 E~2 yb sd I 30 40 B2 yb sd 1 30 40 B2 yb sd I 30 40 B2 yb sd 2 40 50 B2 yb sd 2 40 50 B2 yb sd 3 50 60 B2 yb sd 4 60 70 B2 yb sd B2 yb sd B2 yb sd B2 yb sd 1 0 5 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im I 0 5 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im 2 5 22 PZ md bn Im sd 2 5 22 PZ md bn Im sd 2 5 22 PZ md bn Im sd 2 5 22 PZ md bn Im sd 2 5 22 PZ md bn Im sd 2 5 22 PZ md bnlm sd 2 5 22 PZ md bn Im sd 2 5 22 PZ md bnlmsd 2 5 22 PZ md bn Imsd 2 5 22 PZ md bn Im sd 2 5 22 PZ md bn Imsd 2 5 22 PZ md bn Im sd 2 5 22 PZ md bn Im sd Feature Quant Weight 2 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 I 0 1 0.005 3 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 0.007 0 2 0 2 0 9 0,387 1 0 6 0 28 0 3O 0 3 10 3 3 3 2 24 Description Sm tert flake, unmod, quadz Ter[ flake, unmod, quadz Stedle StedIe Biface, [~ag, quadz Fire-cracked rock Tert flake, unmod, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quadz Teri flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Sterile Ppt, Lamoka, quartz Fire-cracked rock Ppi, tip, quartz Tert flake, unmod, jasper Ted flake, unmod, quartz Blocidshatter, quarlz Fire-cracked rock Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, bt/sm Phist ceramic, grit-temp, cm/er Phist ceramic, gdt temp, eder Phist ceramic, grii-temp, sm/er 0 Phist ceramic, griMemp, sm/sm 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Ted flake, unmod, chert 0 Ted flake, unmod, jasper 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 84 Appendix B: Stage 3 lxl m Units Coords Level Open Close Stratum N9AN5 3 22 32 B2 N9AN5 3 22 32 B2 N9NV5 3 22 32 B2 N9AN5 3 22 32 B2 N9NV5 3 22 32 B2 N9AN5 3 22 32 B2 N9AN5 3 22 32 D2 N9AN5 3 22 32 B2 N9fW5 3 22 32 B2 N9NV5 4 32 42 B2 N9AN5 4 32 42 B2 NgAN5 4 32 42 B2 N9AN5 4 32 42 B2 N9AN5 5 42 52 B2 NgAN5 5 42 52 B2 NgAN5 6 57 62 B2 NgRv5 7 62 72 B2 NgNv21 1 30 40 B2 N9/V~21 I 30 40 Ng/v~I 1 30 40 B2 N9/W21 1 30 40 B2 N9/W21 2 40 50 B2 Ng/w21 2 40 50 B2 Ngfw21 3 50 60 B2 N9/W21 4 60 70 B2 N9.SNV8.6 B2 N9.SAN8.6 B2 N9.6NV8.2 B2 N9.6AN8.2 B2 Ng.6NV8.2 B2 Ng.6NV8.2 B2 Soil Feature Quant yb sd 3 yb sd 3 yb sd 1 yb sd 8 yb sd 4 yb sd 3 yb sd 1 yb sd 1 yb sd 13 yb sd 1 yb sd 2 yb sd 1 yb sd 3 yb sd w/pb 1 yb sd w/pb 1 yb sd w/pb 1 yb sd w/pb 0 yb sd w/pb 3 yb sd w/pb 1 yb sd w/pb 1 yb sd w/pb 2 yb sd w/pb 1 yb sd w/pb 1 yb sd w/pb 1 yb sd w/pb 0 yb sd 1 yb sd 2 yb sd 1 yb sd 1 yb sd 2 yb sd 2 Weight Description 0 BlockJshatler, quartz 0.038 Fire-cracked rock 0 Phist ceramic, grit~temp, cra/er 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, er/er 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/er 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sm ted flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, jasper 0 Ted flake, unmod, quartz 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, cm/er 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/er 0 Pr[ flake, unmod, quadz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quadz 0 Ted flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sterile 0.024 Fire-cracked rock 0 Hammerstone 0 Sec flake, unmod, quadz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Biface, frag, quartz 0 Ted flake, unmod, quartz 0 Ted flake, unmod, quadz 0 Stedle 0 Biface, flag, quartz 0.071 Fire-cracked rock 0 Core, frag, quartz 0.003 Fire-cracked rock 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz. 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz Appendix B: Stage 3 lxl m Units Coords Level Open Close Stratum N9.6NV10.4 B2 Ng.6AN10.4 B2 Ng.6NV10,4 B2 Ng.7AN10 2 B2 Ng.7NV18.4 B2 N9.7AN18.4 B2 Ng.7NV18.4 B2 Ng. TNV19.2 B2 Ng.TNV19.2 B2 Ng.7ANlg.2 B2 N9.7RV19.2 B2 N9.9/W9 B2 N9.9NV9 B2 Ng.gNv9 B2 Ng.9/~N9 B2 N10AN6 1 31 41 B2 N10AN6 1 31 41 B2 N10AN6 1 31 41 B2 N10AN6 1 31 41 B2 N10NV6 1 31 41 B2 N10NV6 1 31 41 B2 N10AN6 1 31 41 B2 N10NV6 1 31 41 B2 N10AN6 2 41 51 B2 N10AN6 2 41 51 B2 N10AN6 2 41 51 B2 N10AN6 2 41 51 B2 N10AN6 2 41 51 B2 N10NV6 2 41 51 B2 N10/W6 2 41 51 B2 N10NV6 2 41 51 B2 Soil Feature Quant Weight Description yb sd 1 0 Modified flake, tent, quartz yb sd 2 0 Pri flake, unmod, quadz yb sd 1 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz yb sd 1 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, br/sm yb sd 1 0 Biface, frag, quartz yb sd 5 0.396 Fire-cracked rock yb sd 2 0 Ted flake, unmod, quartz yb sd 1 0 BIocldshatter, quartz yb sd 1 0 Core, quantz yb sd 1 0.042 Fire-cracked rock yb sd 1 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz yb sd 1 O Biface, frag, quarb. yb sd 1 0.048 Fire-cracked rock yb sd I 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz yb sd 2 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz yb sd 1 0 Biface, frag, quadz yb sd 2 0 Block/shatter, quartz yb sd 1 0 Core, frag, quartz yb sd 2 0.032 Fire-cracked rock yb sd 8 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz yb sd 3 0 Sec flake, unmod, quarbz yb sd 5 0 Sm tent flake, unmod, quartz yb sd 7 0 Tent flake, unmod, quadz yb sd 2 0 Biface, quartz yb sd 1 0 Core, frag, quartz yb sd 1 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/sm yb sd I 0 Ppt, frag, quartz yb sd 3 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz yb sd 2 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz yb sd 1 0 Sm tent flake, unmod, quartz yb sd 11 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 86 Appendix B: Stage 3 1xl m Units Coords Level Open Close Stratum N10NV6 3 51 61 B2 N10AN6 3 51 6~ B2 N10AN6 3 51 61 B2 N10NV6 4 61 71 B2 N10NV6 4 61 71 B2 N10AN6 4 61 71 B2 N10AN6 5 71 81 B2 N10NV6 5 71 81 B2 N10AN6 5 71 01 B2 N10/W6 6 81 91 B3 N10/W7 1 30 40 B2 N10AN7 1 30 40 B2 NI0/W7 1 30 40 B2 N10/W7 2 40 50 B2 N10/W7 2 40 50 B2 N10/W7 2 40 50 B2 NIONV7 2 40 50 B2 NIONV7 2 40 5O B2 N10/W7 3 50 60 B2 N10/W7 4 60 70 B2 N10/W8 I 30 40 B2 N10/W8 I 30 40 B2 N10AN8 1 30 40 B2 N10/W0 1 30 40 B2 N10/W8 1 30 40 B2 N10/W8 I 30 40 B2 NIO/W8 2 40 50 B2 N10AN8 2 40 50 B2 NI0/~/8 2 40 50 B2 N10NV8 3 50 60 B2 N10NV8 4 60 70 B2 Soil Feature Quant yb sd 1 yb sd 2 yb sd 2 yb sd w/pb 1 yb sd w/pb 1 yb sd w/pb 2 yb sd w/pb 1 yb sd w/pb 2 yb sd wlpb 1 It yb sd w/pb 0 yb sd 1 yb sd 7 yb sd 12 yb sd 1 yb sd 3 yb sd 1 yb sd 1 yb sd 10 yb sd 0 yb sd 0 yb sd 1 yb sd 2 yb sd 5 yb sd 5 yb sd 1 yb sd 9 yb sd 2 yb sd I yb sd 3 yb sd yb sd 0 8? Weight Description 0 Biface, frag, quartz 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz 0 Ted flake, unmod, quartz 0 Biface, frag, quartz 0 Block/shatter, quadz 0 Ted flake, unmod, quar[z 0 Block/shatter, quadz 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quadz 0 Sterile 0 Block/shatter, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Block/shatter, quartz 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Stedle 0 Sterile 0 Core, frag, quartz 0.007 Fire-cracked rock 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, chert 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Pd t~ake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec §ake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sterile Appendix B: Stage 3 1xl m Units Coords Level Open Close Stratum N10AN9 1 29 39 B2 N10/W9 1 29 39 B2 N10NV9 1 29 39 B2 N10NV9 1 29 39 B2 N10/W9 1 29 39 B2 N10AN9 1 29 39 B2 N10AN9 1 29 39 B2 Soil Feature Quant yb sd w/pb 1 yb sd w/pb 14 yb sd w/pb 4 yb sd w/pb yb sd w/pb 21 yb sd w/pb 11 yb sd w/pb 26 N10AN9 2 39 49 B2 yb sd w/pb N10AN9 3 49 59 B2 yb sd w/pb NIONV9 3 49 59 B2 yb sd w/pb N10NV9 3 49 59 B2 yb sd w/pb N10/W9 3 49 59 B2 yb sd w/pb N10/W9 4 59 69 B2 yb sd w/pb N10AN10 1 30 40 B2 yb sd w/pb N10AN10 I 30 40 B2 yb sd w/pb N10/W10 1 30 40 B2 yb sd w/pb N10/W10 1 30 40 B2 yb sd w/pb N10/W10 1 30 40 B2 yb sd w/pb N10NV10 1 30 40 B2 yb sd w/pb NI0/W10 ~ 30 40 B2 yb sd w/pb N10NV10 I 30 40 B2 yb sd w/pb N10/W10 1 30 40 B2 yb sd wlpb N10AN10 2 40 50 B2 yb sd w/pb NIOAN10 2 40 50 B2 yb sd w/pb N10AN10 2 40 50 B2 yb sd w/pb NI 0AN10 3 50 60 B2 yb sd w/pb N10NV10 4 60 70 B2 yb sd w/pb N10NVll I 33 43 B2 yb sd w/pb Weight Description 0 Biface, flag, quartz 0 Block/shatter, quartz 0 Core, flag, quartz 0.012 Fire-cracked rock 0 Pti flake, unmod, quadz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tart flake, unmod, quartz 11 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 4 0 Block/shatter, quartz 2 0 Pti flake, unmod, quadz 2 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz. 2 0 Tart flake, unmod, quartz 1 0.033 Fire-cracked rock 1 0 Biface, quartz 7 0 Block/shatter, quartz 1 0 Core, flag, quartz 3 0.034 Fire-cracked rock 1 0 Modified flake, ted, quartz 12 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz 6 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 33 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz 3 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 2 0 Tart flake, unmod, quartz 0 0 Stedle 1 0 Block/shatter, quartz 1 0 Modified flake, tert, quartz 88 Appendix B: Stage 3 lx'l m Units Coords Level Open Close Stratum N10AN11 I 33 43 B2 N10NV11 1 33 43 B2 NlOAN11 2 43 53 B2 N10NV11 3 53 63 B2 N10NV11 4 62 73 B2 N10NV12 1 30 40 B2 N10AN12 1 30 40 B2 N10NV12 1 30 40 B2 N10NV12 1 30 40 B2 N10NV12 I 30 40 B2 N10/~N12 1 30 40 B2 N10NV12 2 40 50 B2 N10M/12 2 40 50 B2 N10NV12 3 50 60 B2 N10NV12 4 60 70 B2 N10NV13 I 30 40 B2 N10/~N13 I 30 40 B2 N10NV13 1 30 40 B2 N10AN13 I 30 40 B2 N10NV13 1 30 40 B2 N10/~N13 1 30 40 B2 N10NV13 1 30 40 B2 N10AN13 2 40 50 B2 N10/W13 2 40 50 B2 N10/W13 2 40 50 B2 N10NV13 3 50 60 B2 N10/W13 4 60 70 B2 N10/VV14 I 29 39 B2 N10AN14 1 29 39 B2 N10/W14 1 29 39 B2 N10AN14 1 29 39 B2 Soil yb sd w/pb yb sd w/pb yb sd w/pb yb sd w/pb yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd 'b sd ,b sd 'b sd rb sd 'b sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd w/pb yb sd w/pb yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd 89 Feature Quant Weight Description 3 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 5 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Tert flake, unmod, quarLz 0 0 Sterite 0 0 Sterile 1 0 Block/shatter, quarbz 4 0.212 Fire-cracked rock 1 0 Metal, nail, square cut 4 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Sm ted flake, unmod, quarlz 6 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Core, flag, quadz I 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz I 0 Core, frag, quartz 1 0.01 Fire-cracked rock 1 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/sm 1 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz 3 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 2 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quarbz 4 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 2 0 BIock/shafler, quartz 1 0 Core, frag, quartz 1 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 1 0.013 Fire-cracked rock 0 0 Stedle 2 0 Block/shatler, quadz 5 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz 4 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 2 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz Appendix B: Stage 3 Ixl m Units Coords Level Open Close Stratum N10AN14 1 29 39 B2 N10AN14 2 39 49 B2 N1O/W14 2 39 49 B2 N1OAN14 2 39 49 B2 N10/W14 2 39 49 B2 N10NV14 3 49 59 B2 N10/W14 3 49 59 B2 N10NV14 3 49 59 B2 N10/W14 4 59 69 B2 N10AN15 I 30 40 B2 N10RV15 1 30 40 B2 N10NV15 I 30 40 B2 N10NV15 1 30 40 B2 N10AN15 2 40 50 B2 N10AN15 2 40 50 B2 N10NV15 3 50 60 B2 N10A'V15 3 50 60 B2 N10AN15 3 50 60 B2 N10/~N15 4 60 70 B2 N10NV16 1 30 40 B2 N10/W16 1 30 40 B2 N10AN16 1 30 40 B2 N10AN16 1 30 40 B2 N10/~N16 2 40 50 B2 N10NV16 2 40 50 B2 N10NV16 3 50 60 B2 N10NV16 4 60 70 82 N10/W17 1 23 40 B2 N10/W17 1 23 40 B2 N10/W17 1 23 40 B2 N10/W17 1 23 40 B2 Soil Feature Quant Weight Description yb sd 9 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz yb sd 6 0 Block/shatter, quartz yb sd 5 0.17 Fire-cracked rock yb sd 2 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz yb sd 1 0 Tart flake, unmod, quartz yb sd w/pb 2 0 Block/shatter, quartz yb sd w/pb 1 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz yb sd w/pb 3 0 Ter~ ~ake, unmod, quartz yb sd w/pb&gv 0 0 Stadia yb sd 3 0 Block/shatter, quadz yb sd 2 0 PH flake, unmod, quartz yb sd 2 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz yb sd 3 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz yb sd 1 0 Core, frag, quartz yb sd I 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz yb sd I 0 Block/shatter, quartz yb sd 1 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz yb sd 2 0 Tert flake, unmod, quadz yb sd 0 0 Stadia yb sd 3 0 Block/shatter, quartz yb sd 2 0.005 Fire-cracked rock yb sd 2 0 Pfl flake, unmod, quartz yb sd 8 0 Tact flake, unmod, quartz yb sd I 0 Block/shatter, quartz yb sd 1 0 Sm tart flake, unmod, quartz yb sd 0 0 Stedle yb sd 0 0 Sterile yb sd wlpb 1 0 Bottle glass, solattzed yb sd w/pb 4 0.023 Fire cracked rock yb sd w/pb I 0 Phist ceramic, gflt-temp, sm/sm yb sd w/pb 2 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz 90 Appendix B: Stage 3 Ix1 m Units Coords Level Open Close Stratum N10NV17 I 23 40 B2 N10/VV17 I 23 40 B2 N10AN17 2 40 50 B2 N10/W17 3 50 60 B2 N10NV17 4 60 70 B2 N10NV18 1 30 40 B2 N10AN16 I 30 40 B2 N10NV18 2 40 50 B2 NlONV18 2 40 50 B2 N10AN18 2 40 50 B2 NIOAN18 3 50 60 B2 N10/W18 4 60 70 ~2 N10NV19 1 38 48 B2 NIO/VV19 1 38 48 B2 N10NV19 I 38 48 B2 N10/W19 1 38 48 B2 NI0fVV19 1 38 48 B2 N10AN19 2 48 58 B2 N10/W19 2 48 58 ~2 N10/W19 2 48 58 B2 N10/W19 3 50 68 B2 NlOAN19 3 58 68 B2 N10/VV19 3 58 68 B2 N10/W19 4 68 78 B2 NIO/W20 1 42 52 B2 N10NV20 1 42 52 B2 N10NV20 1 42 52 B2 NI0/W20 1 42 52 B2 N10/W20 I 42 52 B2 NIOAN20 2 52 62 B2 N10AN20 2 52 62 B2 N10NV20 2 52 62 B2 Soil Feature Quant Weight Description yb sd w/pb I 0 Sm tart flake, unmod, quartz yb sd w/pb 3 0 Ter[ flake, unmod, quadz yb sd w/pb 0 0 Sterile yb sd w/pb 1 0 Tart flake, unmod, quartz yb sd w/pb 0 0 Stadia yb sd w/pb&gv 9 0.179 Fire cracked rock yb sd w/pb&gv 2 0 Tart flake, unmod, quartz yb sd w/pb&gv 1 0 Block/shatter, quartz yb sd w/pb&gv 2 0.064 Fire-cracked rock yb sd w/pb&gv 2 0 Tart flake, unmod, quartz yb sd w/pb&gv 1 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz yb sd w/pb 0 0 Sterile yb sd w/pb&gv 2 0 Block/shatter, quadz yb sd w/pb&gv 4 0.079 Fire-cracked rock yb sd w/pb&gv 1 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz yb sd w/pb&gv 2 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz yb sd w/pb&gv 4 0 Ted flake, unmod, qua~t.z yb sd w/pb&gv 1 0 Block/shager, quad~ yb sd w/pb&gv 3 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz yb sd w/pb&gv 5 0 Tart flake, unmod, quartz yb sd w/pb&gv 1 0 Core, frag, quadz yb sd w/pb&gv 1 0 Pti flake, unmod, quadz yb sd wlpb&gv 2 0 Ted flake, unmod, quadz yb sd w/pb&gv I 0 Sm tart flake, unmod, quartz ~'b sd 1 0 Block]shatter, quartz lb sd 3 0.181 Fire-cracked rock lb sd 1 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz fb sd 1 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz. rb sd 1 0 Ted flake, unmod, quartz ,b sd 1 0 Core, frag, quartz ,b sd I 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz ,b sd 3 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 91 Coords NIONV20 N10AN20 N10NV20 N 10RV20 N10RV20 N10/W20.9 N11NV21 N11NV21 N11NV21 Appendix B: Stage 3 lxl m Units Level Open Close Stratum Soil 2 52 62 B2 yb sd 2 52 62 B2 yb sd 3 62 72 B2 yb sd 3 62 72 B2 yb sd 4 72 82 B2 yb sd B2 yb sd I 35 45 B2 yb sd 1 35 45 B2 yb sd 2 45 55 B2 yb sd 3 55 65 B2 yb sd I 32 42 B2 yb sd w/pb 1 32 42 B2 yb sd w/pb I 32 42 B2 yb sd w/pb I 32 42 B2 yb sd w/pb 1 32 42 B2 yb sd w/pb I 32 42 B2 yb sd w/pb 2 42 52 B2 yb sd w/pb 2 42 52 B2 yb sd w/pb 2 42 52 B2 yb sd wlpb 3 52 62 B2 yb sd w/pb ~ 52 62 B2 yb sd w/pb 4 62 72 B2 yb sd w/pb B2 yb sd B2 yb sd 1 32 42 B2 yb sd 1 32 42 B2 yb sd 1 32 42 B2 yb sd 2 42 52 B2 yb sd 2A 42 52 Fill Wdk gb sd 2A 42 52 Fill vy dk gb sd 2A 42 52 Fill vy dk gb sd 2A 42 52 Fill vy dk gb sd Feature Quant Weight 0.059 0 0 0 0 4 0.24 0 0 0 5 0.158 2 0 2 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 O 0 0.024 0 0 3 0.011 0 2 0.033 12 2 0.04 Description Sm tert flake, unmod, quarb Tort flake, unmod, quadz Fire-cracked rock Ted flake, unmod, quadzite Stedle Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/sm, dentate Fire-cracked rock Sec flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Sterile Block/shatter, quartz Fire-cracked rock Pti flake, unmod, quadz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Sm ted flake, unmod, quadz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Pri flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Tort flake, unmod, quartz Sm tort flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Sterile Fire-cracked rock Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/er Block/shatter, quartz Fire-cracked rock Tort flake, unmod, quartz Fire-cracked rock Biface, quartz Charcoal Fire-cracked rock Pd flake, unmod, quartz 92 Coords Level Open Close N11NV21 3 52 62 N11AN21 3 52 82 N11NV21 3A 52 62 N11AN21 3A 52 62 N11AN21 4 62 72 N11AN21 5 72 82 N12NV12 1 30 40 N12AN12 1 30 40 N12AN12 1 30 40 N12NV12 I 30 40 N12NV12 1 30 40 N12AN12 1 30 40 N12AN12 1 30 40 N12AN12 I 30 40 N12AN12 2 40 50 N12AN12 2 40 50 N12NV12 2 40 50 N12AN12 3 50 60 N12AN12 4 60 70 N12/W21 1 30 40 N12/W21 1 30 40 N12AN21 1 30 40 N12NV21 1 30 40 Appendix B: Stage 3 1xl m Units Stratum B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 R2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 B2 Soil Feature Quant Weight yb sd 1 0 yb sd 1 0 vy dk gb sd 12 2 0.088 vy dk gb sd 12 3 0 yb sd w/pb 1 0 yb sd w/pb 0 0 yb sd 1 0 yb sd I 0.016 yb sd 1 0 yb sd 2 0 yb sd 1 0039 yb sd 1 0 yb sd 2 0 yb sd 1 0 yb sd w/pb 4 0 yb sd w/pb 13 0.791 yb sd w/pb 1 0 yb sd wlpb I 0 yb sd w/pb 7 0 yb sd w/pb 1 0 yb sd w/pb 12 0 yb sd w/pb 5 0 yb sd w/pb 1 0 yb sd w/pb 1 0 yb sd w/pb 14 0 yb sd w/pb 2 0 yb sd wlpb 0 0 yb sd 1 0 yb sd 3 0 yb sd 3 0.155 yb sd 1 0 P3 Description Biface, quartz. Tert flake, unmod, quartz Fire-cracked rock Ted flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmed, quartz Stedle Block/shatter, quartz Fire cracked rock Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, rim, cra/cra Tort flake, unmod, quartz Fire-cracked rock Tort flake, unmod, chert Ted flake, unmod, quartz Biface, poss scraper, quartz. Block/shatter, quartz Fire-cracked rock Ppt, flag, triangle, quartz Ppt, triangle, quartz Pti flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quadz Ted flake, unmod, quartz Block/shatter, quartz Sec flake, unrnod, quadz Tort flake, unmod, quartz Sm tort flake, unread, quarb Stedle BIockJshatter, quartz Core, quartz Fire-cracked rock Sm tort flake, unmod, quartz Appendix B: Stage 3 txl m Units Coords Level Opes Close Stratum N12AN21 1 30 40 B2 N12AN21 2 40 50 B2 N12NV21 3 50 60 B2 N12/VV21 3 50 60 B2 N12AN21 3 50 60 ~2 N12NV21 3 50 00 B2 N12/W21 4 60 70 B2 N12NV21 4 60 70 B2 N12/W21 5 70 80 B2 N 12.6AN21.8 B2 N12.6NV21.8 B2 N12.9AN10.2 B2 N12.9NV10.2 B2 N12.9NV10.2 B2 N12.9NV10.2 B2 N 12.9NV10.2 B2 N13AN12 1 30 40 B2 N13AN12 1 30 40 B2 N13/W12 1 30 40 B2 N13AN12 I 30 40 B2 N13AN12 1 30 40 B2 N13AN12 1 30 40 B2 N13NV12 1 30 40 B2 N13NV12 1 30 40 B2 N13/~N12 1 30 40 B2 N13NV12 2 40 50 B2 N13/W12 2 40 50 B2 N13AN12 2 40 50 B2 N13/W12 2 40 50 B2 N13AN12 2 40 50 B2 Soil Feature Quant yb sd 5 yb sd 1 yb sd 1 yb sd 1 yb sd 1 yb sd 2 yb sd 1 yb sd 3 yb sd w/pb 0 yb sd 1 yb sd 1 yb sd 2 yb sd 2 yb sd 2 rb sd 3 cb sd 1 ,b sd 5 yb sd 1 yb sd 1 yb sd 1 yb sd 2 yb sd 10 yb sd 20 yb sd 6 yb sd 2 yb sd 1 yb sd 3 yb sd 5 Weight Description 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0.005 Fire-cracked rock 0 Block/shatter, quadz 0.001 Fire-cracked rock 0 Hammerstone 0 Ted flake, unmod, quartz 0.018 Fire-cracked rock 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz 0 Stedle 0 Core, rhyolite 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/sm 0.05 Fire-cracked rock 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/er 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/sm 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Biface, frag, quartz 0 Blocldshatter, quartz 0.295 Fire-cracked rock 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, eder 0 Ppt, triangle, quadz 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Ted flake, unmod, quartz 0 Block/shatter, quar[z 0.016 Fire-cracked rock 0 Modified flake, sec, quartz 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quadz Coords N13RV12 N13RV12 N13RV12 N13.4NV20.4 N14RV12 N14NV12 N14NV12 N14NV12 N14RV12 N14NV12 N14NV12 N14RV12 N14RV14 N14NV14 N14RV14 N14RV14 Appendix B: Stage 3 lx'l m Units Level Open Close Stratum Soil 2 40 50 B2 yb sd 2 40 50 B2 yb sd 3 50 60 B2 yb sd 3 50 60 B2 yb sd 3 50 60 B2 yb sd 4 60 70 B2 yb sd B2 yb sd 82 yb sd B2 yb sd B2 yb sd B2 yb sd B2 yb sd 1 30 40 B2 yb sd 1 30 40 B2 yb sd 1 30 40 B2 yb sd 1 30 40 B2 yb sd 1 30 40 B2 yb sd 1 30 40 B2 yb sd 1 30 40 B2 yb sd I 30 4O B2 yb sd 2 40 50 B2 yb sd 2 40 50 B2 yb sd 2 40 50 B2 yb sd 2 40 50 B2 yb sd 3 50 60 B2 yb sd 3 50 60 B2 yb sd 4 60 70 B2 yb sd 1 0 7 A0/AI dk bn sd Im 1 0 7 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im 1 0 7 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im 2 7 28 PZ md bn Im sd Feature Quant Weight 4 0 15 0 4 0 2 O 0 0 I 0 1 0.071 I 0 I 0 I 0 3 0 3 0.128 2 0 4 0 3 3 0 15 0 1 0 2 0 4 0 1 0 I 0 0 0 1 0 0 95 Description Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Biface, frag, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Stedle Biface, flag, quartz Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/sm Ppt, tip, quartz Fire-cracked rock Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/er Biface, quartz Biface, fTag, quadz Block/shatter, quartz Fire-cracked rock Phist ceramic, gr[t-temp, er/er Pti flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Core, frag, quadz Pti flake, unmod, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Blocldshatter, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz Stedle Pti flake, unmod, quadz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Biface, flag, quartz Coords N14AN14 N14AN14 N14AN14 N14AN14 N14NV14 N14AN14 N14AN14 N14AN14 Appendix B: Stage 3 lxl m Units Level Open Close Stratum Soil 2 7 28 PZ md bn Im sd 2 7 28 PZ md bn Im sd 2 7 28 PZ md bn Im sd 2 7 28 PZ md bn tm sd 2 7 28 PZ md bn lm sd 2 7 28 PZ md bn Im sd 2 7 28 PZ md bn [m sd 2 7 28 PZ md bn Im sd 2 7 28 PZ md bn Im sd 2 7 28 PZ md bn Im sd 2 7 28 PZ md bn Im sd Feature Quant Weight 15 0 8 0.165 3 0 6 0 2 0 12 0 13 0 3 0 42 0 Description Block/shatter, quartz Fire-cracked rock Modified flake, ted, quartz Ph[st ceramic, gdt-temp, cra/er Ph[st ceramic, grit-temp, sm/er Phist ceramic, gritqemp, sm/sm Pd flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quadz Tert flake, unmod, jasper Tert flake, unmod, quartz N14AN14 3 28 34 B2 N14AN14 3 28 34 B2 N14AN14 3 28 34 B2 N14NV14 3 28 34 B2 N14NV14 3 28 34 B2 N14NV14 3 28 34 B2 N14/~/14 3 28 34 B2 N14/~N14 3 28 34 B2 N14AN14 4 34 44 B2 N14AN14 4 34 44 B2 N14AN14 4 34 44 B2 N14NV14 4 34 44 B2 N14/W14 4 34 44 B2 N14RV14 4 34 44 B2 N14NV14 4 34 44 B2 NI4A~/14 5 44 54 B2 N14/W14 5 44 54 B2 N14AN14 5 44 54 B2 yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd /b sd /b sd Cb sd Cb sd Cb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd 2 0 5 0.054 2 0 3 0 5 0 7 O 2 0 4 0 3 0.038 1 0 6 0 3 0 19 0 1 0 2 0 96 Biface, [rag. quartz Block]shatter, quadz Fire-cracked rock Phist ceramic, grit-temp, er/er Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/er Sec flake, unmod, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Biface, quartz Block/shatter, quadz Fire-cracked rock Phist ceramic, grit-temp, er/er Pri flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Ppt, [rag, triangle, quadz PH flake, unmod, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz Appendix B: Stage 3 lxl m Units Coords Level Open Close Stratum N14fW14 5 44 54 B2 N14AN14 6 54 64 B2 N14/W14 7 64 74 B2 N14NV15 1 0 7 A0/A1 N14AN15 2 7 29 PZ N14/W15 2 7 29 PZ N14NV15 2 7 29 PZ N14AN15 2 7 29 PZ N14RV15 2 7 29 PZ N14NV15 2 7 29 N14AN15 2 7 29 N14NV15 2 7 29 Soil Feature Quant yb sd 4 yb sd w/pb 0 yb sd w/pb 0 dk bn sd Im 1 mo mdbnlmsd 8 mo md bn Im sd 9 mo md bn Im sd 3 mo md bn Im sd 4 mo md bn Im sd 24 PZ mo md bn Im sd 1 PZ mo md bn Im sd 10 PZ mo md bn Im sd 42 Weight Description 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sterile 0 Sterile 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Block/shatter, quartz 0,083 Fire-cracked rock 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/er 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/sm 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz N14AN15 3 29 34 N14NV15 3 29 34 N14AN15 3 29 34 N14NV15 3 29 34 N14AN15 3 29 34 N14AN15 3 29 34 N14NV15 4 34 44 N14AN15 4 34 44 N14NV15 4 34 44 N14NV15 4 34 44 N14NV15 4 34 44 N14NV15 4 34 44 NI4NV15 5 44 54 N14AN15 5 44 54 N14AN15 5 44 54 N14RV15 5 44 54 N14AN15 5 44 54 B2 yb sd w/pb 1 B2 yb sd w/pb 1 B2 yb sd w/pb 2 B2 yb sd w/pb 2 B2 yb sd w/pb 1 B2 yb sd w/pb 3 B2 yb sd w/pb 11 B2 yb sd w/pb 2 B2 yb sd w/pb 4 B2 yb sd w/pb 6 B2 yb sd w/pb 6 B2 yb sd w/pb 14 B2 yb sd w/pb 2 B2 yb sd wlpb 1 B2 yb sd w/pb 1 ~2 yb sd w/pb 1 B2 yb sd w/pb 3 97 0 Block/shatter, quartz 0.092 Fire-cracked rock 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Block/shatter, quartz 0 Phist ceramic, grit-lemp, sm/sm 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Block/shatter, quartz 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/er 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/sm 0 Ppt, Madison, quartz 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz Appendix B: Stage 3 lxl m Units Coords Level Open Close Stratum N14RV15 5 44 54 B2 N14NV15 5 44 54 B2 N14/W15 5 44 54 B2 N14NV15 6 54 64 B2 N14AN15 6 54 64 B2 N14AN15 7 64 74 B2 N14.cNvg.7 B2 N14,6NV9.7 B2 N14.6/W9,7 B2 N14.6ANg.7 B2 N14.CANg.7 B2 N15AN12 1 30 40 B2 N15/VV12 1 30 40 B2 NI5AN12 1 30 40 B2 N15NV12 1 30 40 B2 N15/W12 1 30 40 B2 N15/VV12 I 30 40 B2 N15AN12 2 40 50 B2 N15/W12 3 50 60 B2 N15AN12 4 60 70 B2 N15NV14 1 O 6 A0/A1 N15AN14 1 0 6 A0/AI NI5/W14 2 6 30 PZ N15/W14 2 6 30 PZ N15/W14 2 6 30 PZ N15/W14 2 6 30 PZ N15RV14 2 6 30 PZ N15RV14 2 6 30 PZ Soil Feature Quant Weight yb sd w/pb 1 0 yb sd w/pb 3 0 yb sd w/pb 14 0 yb sd w/pb 3 0 yb sd w/pb 2 0 yb sd w/pb 0 0 yb sd 1 0 yb sd 1 0 yb sd 1 0.088 yb sd I 0 yb sd 2 0.191 yb sd 1 0 yb sd 1 O yb sd 1 0 yb sd 1 0.034 yb sd 1 0 yb sd 1 0 yb sd 1 0 yb sd 2 0 yb sd 7 0 yb sd 2 0 yb sd I 0 yb sd 0 0 dk bn sd Im 1 0 dk bn sd Im 2 0 md bn Im sd 1 0 md bn Im sd 10 0 md bn Im sd 4 0.026 md bn Im sd ~ 0 md bn Im sd 2 0 md bn lm sd 7 0 Description Sec flake, unmod, quartz Sm tert flake, unmed, quartz Ted flake, unmod, quadz Pd flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Sterile Core, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Fire-cracked rock Block/shatter, quartz Fire-cracked rock Hammerstone Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/sm Sec flake, unmod, quartz Fire cracked rock Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/sm Ppt, Brewerton corner-notch, quartz Pti flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz. Tert flake, unmod, quartz Ted flake, unmod, quartz Pti flake, unmod, quartz Stedle Pri flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Biface, quartz BIocPJshatter, quartz Fire-cracked rock Modified flake, tert, quartz Phist ceramic, grit4emp, bt/sm Phist ceramic, grit-temp, eder Appendix B: Stage 3 'Ix1 m Units Coords Level Open Close Stratum N15AN14 2 6 30 PZ N15/W14 2 6 30 PZ N15/W14 2 6 30 PZ N15/W14 2 6 30 PZ N15/W14 2 6 30 PZ N15/W14 2 6 30 PZ Soil Feature Quant md bn Im sd 6 md bn lm sd 10 md bn Im sd 12 md bn Im sd 10 md bn Im sd 10 md bn Irn sd 37 Weight Description 0 Phist ceramic, grit-tamp, sm/er 0 Phist ceramic, grit-tamp, sm/sm 0 Pti flake, unmod, quadz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quadz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quar[z N15/W14 3 30 40 B2 N15/W14 3 30 40 B2 N15/W14 3 30 40 B2 N15/W14 3 30 40 B2 N15/W14 3 30 40 B2 N15AN14 4 40 50 B2 N15/W14 4 40 50 B2 N15~W14 4 40 50 B2 N15/W14 5 50 60 B2 N15NV14 6 60 70 B2 N15/W14 7 70 80 B2 N15AN15 1 0 7 A0/A1 N15fVV15 2 7 28 PZ NISAN15 2 7 28 PZ N15/W15 2 7 28 PZ N15/W15 2 7 28 PZ N15/W15 2 7 28 PZ N15/W15 2 7 28 PZ N15/W15 2 7 28 PZ N15AN15 2 7 28 PZ N15/W15 2 7 28 PZ N15/W15 2 7 28 PZ yb sd 1 yb sd 2 yb sd 2 yb sd 4 yb sd 8 yb sd 1 yb sd 2 yb sd 7 yb sd w/pb 1 yb sd w/pb 0 yb sd w/pb 0 dk bn sd Im 1 mo md bn Im sd 1 mo md bn Im sd 15 mo md bn Im sd 1 mo md bn Im sd 5 mo md bn Im sd 2 mo md bn Im sd 3 mo md bn Im sd 7 mo md bn Im sd 13 mo md bn Im sd 8 mo md bn Im sd 26 0 Biface, quartz 0 BIockJshatter, quadz 0 Pri flake, unmod, quadz 0 Sm tart flake, unmod, quadz 0 Ted flake, unmod, quar[z 0 Biface, flag, quadz 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Block/shatter, quartz 0 Sterile 0 Sterfle 0 Bottle glass, solarized 0 Biface, flag, quartz O Block/shatter, quartz 0 Core, frag, quartz 0.26 Fire-cracked rock 0 Phist ceramic, grit-tamp, er/er 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/er 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-ternp, sm/sm 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sm ted flake, unmod, quartz Coords N15RV15 Appendix B: Stage 3 lxl m Units Level Open Close Stratum Soil Feature Quant Weight 2 7 28 PZ mo md bn Im sd 72 0 Description Tert flake, unmod, quartz N15AN15 N 15AN15 N15NV15 N15NV15 N15RV15 N15AN15 N15AN15 N15NV15 N15AN15 3 28 34 B2 yb sd w/pb 6 0 3 28 34 B2 yb sd w/pb 8 0 3 28 34 B2 yb sd w/pb 6 0 3 28 34 B2 yb sd w/pb 14 0 3 28 34 B2 yb sd w/pb 32 0 4 34 44 B2 yb sd w/pb 7 0 4 34 44 B2 yb sd w/pb 9 0 4 34 44 B2 yb sd w/pb 9 0 4 34 44 B2 yb sd w/pb 8 0 4 34 44 B2 yb sd w/pb 28 0 N15AN15 5 44 54 B2 yb sd w/pb N15/VV15 5 44 54 B2 yb sd w/pb N15AN15 6 54 64 B2 yb sd w/pb N15/W15 7 64 74 B2 yb sd w/pb N15.2/W~.3 B2 yb sd N15.2NV9.3 B2 yb sd N15.4NV15.7 B2 yb sd N 15.4NV15.7 B2 yb sd N15.7NV15.1 B2 yb sd N15.7NV15.1 B2 yb sd N15.7NV15.1 B2 yb sd N16/W12 1 32 42 B2 yb sd N16/W12 1 32 42 B2 ybsd N16NV12 I 32 42 B2 yb sd N16NV12 1 32 42 B2 yb sd N16NV12 1 32 42 B2 yb sd 100 Block/shatter, quartz Pri flake, unmod, quadz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Sm ter[ flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Block/shatter, quartz Pd flake, unmod, quar[z Sec flake, unmod, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz. Ted flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz 4 0 Ted flake, unmod, quartz 0 0 Stedie 0 0 Stedle 3 1.74 Fire-cracked rock 1 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, eder 1 0 Core, quartz 1 0.027 Fire-cracked rock I 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, dm, sm/sm, incised I 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/sm 1 0 Ppi, tip, quartz 5 0.053 Fire-cracked rock I 0 Modified flake, ted, quartz 2 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/er 3 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/sm I 0 Preform, frag, quartz Coords N16NV12 Appendix B: Stage 3 1xl m Units Level Open Close Stratum Soil Feature Quant Weight 1 32 42 B2 yb sd 1 0 1 32 42 B2 yb sd 5 0 1 32 42 B2 yb sd 21 0 Description Pri flake, unmod, quadz. Sec flake, unmod, quartz Ted flake, unmod, quartz N16NV12 2 42 52 B2 N16NV12 2 42 52 B2 N16/W12 2 42 52 B2 N16AN12 3 52 62 B2 N16NV12 4 62 72 B2 N16.2NV13.7 B2 N16.2fVV13.7 B2 N17NV12 I 30 40 B2 N17NV12 1 30 40 B2 N17NV12 1 30 40 B2 N!7AN12 1 30 40 B2 N17NV12 1 30 40 B2 N17NV12 1 30 40 B2 N17NV12 I 30 40 B2 N17NV12 2 40 50 B2 N17/W12 2 40 50 B2 N17AN12 2 40 50 B2 N17/W12 2 40 50 B2 N17NV12 3 50 60 B2 N17AN12 4 60 70 B2 N17.3NV12 B2 N18NV1 I 0 2 A0/AI N 18/W1 2 2 1 g PZ yb sd 1 0.003 yb sd 1 0 yb sd 3 0 yb sd 1 0 yb sd 0 0 yb sd 1 0 yb sd I 0 yb sd 1 0 yb sd 3 0.172 yb sd w/pb 1 0 yb sd w/pb 3 0.102 yb sd w/pb 1 0 yb sd w/pb 3 0 yb sd w/pb 3 0 yb sd w/pb 10 0 yb sd w/pb 1 0 yb sd w/pb I 0 yb sd w/pb 2 0 yb sd w/pb 1 0 yb sd w/pb 5 0 yb sd w/pb 0 0 yb sd w/pb 1 0 yb sd 1 0 dk bn sdlm 1 0 dk bn sd ]m 1 0 dk bn sd Im 1 0 dk bn sd Im I 0 md bn Im sd 5 0 Fire-cracked rock Pti flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Ted flake, unmod, quartz Sterile Phist ceramic, grit-tamp, cm/cm Tart flake, unmod, quadz Biface, frag, quartz Fire-cracked rock Block/shatter, quartz Fire-cracked reck Phist ceramic, grit-tamp, sm/sm Pri flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quar[z Ted flake, unmod, quartz Uniface, quartz Pd flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Sm ted flake, unmod, quartz Ted flake, unmod, quartz Stedle Tert flake, unmod, quartz Ppt, base, Snook Kill, quartzite Pti flake, unmod, quartz Sec/lake, unmod, quadz Ted flake, unmod, char[ Ted flake, unmod, quartz Block/shatter, quartz 101 Appendix B: Stage 3 lxl m Units Coords Level Open Close Stratum N18NV1 2 2 19 PZ N18AN1 2 2 19 PZ N18AN1 2 2 19 PZ N18NV1 2 2 19 PZ N18NV1 2 2 19 PZ N 18/W1 2 2 19 PZ N 18/W1 2 2 19 PZ N18AN1 3 19 29 B2 NISNV1 3 19 29 B2 N18/W1 3 19 29 B2 N18AN1 3 19 29 B2 N18AN1 3 19 29 B2 N18/W1 3 19 29 B2 N18/W1 4 29 39 B2 NI8/W1 4 29 39 B2 N18/W1 4 29 39 B2 N18/W1 4 29 39 B2 N18/WI 4 29 39 B2 N18NV1 5 39 49 B2 N18/W1 5 39 49 B2 N18/W1 5 39 49 B2 N18/W1 5 39 49 B2 N18/W1 6 49 59 B2 N18AN1 7 59 69 B2 N18AN1 7 59 69 B2 N18AN2 I 0 4 A0/A1 N18/W2 1 0 4 A0/A1 N18NV2 1 0 4 A0/A1 N18/W2 2 4 21 PZ Soil Feature Quant md bn Im sd 1 md bn Im sd 3 md bn Im sd 1 md bn Im sd 3 md bn Im sd 6 md bn Im sd 17 md bn Im sd 4 yb sd w/pb 4 yb sd w/pb 2 yb sd w/pb 5 yb sd w/pb 4 yb sd w/pb 4 yb sd w/pb 14 yb sd w/pb 1 yb sd w/pb 1 yb sd w/pb 2 yb sd w/pb 4 yb sd w/pb 4 yb sd w/pb 1 yb sd w/pb 2 yb sd w/pb 2 yb sd w/pb 5 yb sd w/pb 0 yb sd w/pb 1 yb sd w/pb 2 dk bn sd Im 1 dk bn sd [m 3 dk bn sdlm 1 dk bn sd Im 1 md bn Im sd 5 Weight Description 0.001 Fire-cracked rock 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quarlz 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quarLz 0 Tert flake, unmod, chert 0 Tent flake, unmod, quariz 0 Tent flake, unmod, shale 0.133 Fire-cracked rock 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tent flake, unmod, chert 0 Ted flake, unmod, quartz 0 Biface, fi.ag, quartz 0 Block/shatter, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tent flake, unmod, chert 0 Ted flake, unmod, quartz 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sm tent flake, unmod, quartz 0 Ted flake, unmod, chert 0 Tent flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sterile 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tent flake, unmod, quartz 0 BJface, frag, quartz 0 Block/shatter, quartz 0 Hard shell clam 0 Pd flake, unmod, quantz 0 Block/shatter, quartz 102 Appendix B: Stage 3 1xl m Units Coords Level Open Close Stratum Soil Feature Quant N18AN2 2 4 21 PZ md bn Im sd 21 N18RV2 2 4 21 PZ md bn Im sd 1 NISAN2 2 4 21 PZ md bn Im sd 1 N18AN2 2 4 21 PZ md bn Im sd 5 N18AN2 2 4 21 PZ md bn Im sd 8 N18AN2 2 4 21 PZ md bn Im sd 7 N18NV2 2 4 21 PZ md bn Im sd 19 Weight Description 0.595 Fire cracked rock 0 Metal, nail, square cut 0 Mudstone disk, poss worked 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, chert 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz N18AN2 2 4 21 PZ md bn Im sd N18RV2 3 21 31 B2 yb sd w/pb N18/W2 3 21 31 B2 yb sd w/pb N18AN2 3 21 31 B2 yb sd w/pb NI 8/W2 3 21 31 B2 yb sd w/pb N18AN2 3 21 31 B2 yb sd w/pb N18AN2 3 21 31 B2 yb sdw/pb N18RV2 3 21 31 B2 yb sd w/pb N18AN2 4 31 41 B2 yb sd w/pb NI 8AN2 4 31 41 B2 yb sd w/pb NISAN2 4 31 41 B2 yb sd w/pb N18AN2 4 31 41 B2 yb sd w/pb N184N2 5 41 51 B2 yb sd w/pb N18RV2 5 41 51 B2 yb sd w/pb N18RV2 6 51 61 B2 yb sd w/pb N18RV2 7 61 71 B2 yb sd w/pb N18NV12 1 30 40 B2 yb sd N18NV12 1 30 40 B2 yb sd N18NV12 1 30 40 B2 yb sd NIB/W12 1 30 40 B2 ybsd NISNV12 I 30 40 B2 ybsd NI8RV12 1 30 40 B2 yb sd N 18RV12 2 40 50 B2 yb sd w/pb N18RV12 2 40 50 B2 yb sd w/pb 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.067 0 0 0 0 0.082 0 0 0 0 Window Cass, aqua Biface, tip, rhyolite Block/shatter, quadz Fire-cracked rock Phist ceramic, 9rg-temp, bt/sm Sec flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, chert Tert flake, unmod, quariz Fire-cracked rock Pd flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quadz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Pd flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quarLz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Stedle Biface, frag, quar/z Fire-cracked rock Phist ceramic, gflt-temp, bdsm Pri flake, unmod, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quadz Tert flake, unmed, quartz Phist ceramic, grit4emp, br/er Phlst ceramic, grit-temp, sm/er, shell-dragged 103 Appendix B: Stage 3 lxl m Units Coords Level Open Close Stratum Soii Feature Quant Weight N18/W12 2 40 50 B2 yb sd w/pb 1 0 N18AN12 2 40 50 B2 yb sd w/pb 3 0 N18/VV12 3 50 60 B2 yb sd w/pb 0 0 N18NV12 4 60 70 B2 yb sd w/pb 0 0 N18AN22 1 0 7 AO/A1 dk gb sd Im 0 0 N18RV22 2 7 35 PZ md bn Im sd 4 0 N18RV22 2 7 35 PZ md bn Im sd 21 0.161 N18RV22 2 7 35 PZ md bn Im sd 1 0 N18NV22 2 7 35 PZ md bn Im sd 6 0 N18RV22 2 7 35 PZ md bn Im sd 2 0 N18NV22 2 7 35 PZ md bn Im sd 2 0 N18RV22 2 7 35 PZ md bn Im sd 6 0 N 18AN22 2 7 35 PZ md bn Im sd 6 0 N18/W22 2 7 35 PZ md bn Jm sd 2 0 N18/W22 2 7 35 PZ md bn Im sd 24 0 Description Tert flake, unmod, chef[ Tert flake, unmod, quartz Stedle Stedle Sterile Block/shatter, quartz Fire-cracked rock Phist ceramic, grit-temp, cra/cra Phist ceramic, grit-temp, er/er Phist ceramic, grit4emp, sm/er Pti flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz Ted flake, unmod, chert Tert flake, unmod, quadz N18RV22 3 35 45 N18/W22 3 35 45 N18AN22 3 35 45 N18AN22 3 35 45 N18AN22 3 35 45 N18AN22 3 35 45 N18NV22 4 45 55 N18NV22 5 55 65 N19AN~2 1 30 40 N19RV12 1 30 40 N19/W12 I 30 40 N19AN12 1 30 40 N19/W12 1 30 40 N19AN12 1 30 40 N19AN12 I 30 40 B2 yb sd w/pb 1 0 B2 yb sd w/pb 13 0,488 B2 yb sd w/pb 1 0 B2 yb sd wlpb 1 0 B2 yb sd w/pb 1 0 B2 yb sd w/pb I 0 B2 yb sd w/pb 2 0.008 B2 yb sd w/pb 0 0 B2 yb sd 1 0 B2 yb sd 13 2 1.261 B2 yb sd 2 0 B2 yb sd 11 0.204 B2 yb sd 1 0 B2 yb sd 7 0 B2 yb sd 2 0 B2 yb sd 1 0 Core, frag, quartz Fire-cracked rock Ppt, Genesee, quartz Pti flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Fire-cracked rock Stedle Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, br/er Anvil stone 8lock/shatter, quartz Fire-cracked rock Hammerstone Phist ceramic, griFtemp, sm/er Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/er, shell- dragged Phist ceramic, grit~temp, sm/sm 104 Appendix B: Stage 3 lxl m Units Coords Level Open Close Stratum N19AN12 1 30 40 B2 N19AN12 1 30 40 B2 N19/W12 1 30 40 B2 N19NV12 1 30 40 B2 NI9NV12 1 30 40 B2 N19/W12 2 40 50 B2 N19/W12 2 40 50 B2 N19AN12 2 40 50 B2 N19/W12 2 40 50 B2 N19A~/12 2 40 50 B2 N19/W12 3 50 60 B2 N19/W12 4 60 70 B2 NI9.7NV14.3 B2 N20/W10.2 B2 N20/WI0.2 B2 N20NV12 I 27 37 B2 N20/W12 I 27 37 B2 N20/W12 I 27 37 B2 N20/W12 I 27 37 B2 N20AN12 I 27 37 B2 N20AN12 I 27 37 B2 N20NV12 1 27 37 B2 Soil Feature Quant Weight yb sd 2 0 yb sd 1 0 yb sd I 0 yb sd 16 0 ~b sd I 0 ~b sd 7 0.326 ~b sd I 0 ~b sd 1 0 ~b sd I 0 ~b sd 5 0 ~b sd 1 0.096 ~b sd 0 0 ,b sd 1 0 'b sd 1 0 'b sd I 0 'b sd 1 0 ,b sd I 0 yb sd w/pb 3 0 yb sd w/pb 8 0.294 yb sd w/pb 3 0 yb sd w/pb I 0 yb sd w/pb 1 yb sd wlpb 2 0 yb sd w/pb 23 0 Description Phist ceramic, gdt-letup, sm/sm, shelf dragged PH flake, unmod, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz Ter[ flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, rhyolite Fire-cracked rock Hammerstone Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/sm Pd flake, unmod, quadz TeK flake, unmod, quartz Fire-cracked rock Stedle Block/shatter, quartz Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, bdbr Biface, poss drill, quartz Block/shatter, quarb Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, cra/bt Block/shatter, quartz Fire-cracked rock Phist ceramic, grit-temp, er/er Phist ceramic, grfl4emp, sm/er Pd flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz N20/W12 2 37 47 B2 yb sd w/pb I 0 N20NV12 2 37 47 B2 yb sd w/pb 6 0,163 N20NV12 2 37 47 B2 yb sd w~b 1 0 N20AN12 2 37 47 B2 ybsdw/pb 5 0 N20/W12 3 47 57 B2 ybsdw/pb 0 0 N20NV12 4 57 67 B2 ybsdw/pb 0 0 N20NV16.7 B2 yb sd I 0 Block/shatter, quartz Fire-cracked rock PH flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Stedle Stedle Biface, fi.ag, quartz 105 Appendix B: Stage 3 lx'l m Units Coords Level Open Close Stratum N20/W26 1 0 5 A0/A1 N20AJV26 1 0 5 A0/A1 N20/W26 2 5 31 PZ N20/W26 2 5 31 PZ N20/W26 2 5 31 PZ N20/W26 2 5 31 PZ N20/W26 2 5 31 PZ N20/W26 2 5 31 PZ N20/W26 2 5 31 PZ N20/W26 2 5 31 PZ Soil Feature Quant dk bn sd Im 2 dk bn sd Im 1 md bn Im sd 1 md bn Im sd 1 md bn Im sd 22 md bn ]m sd 1 md bn Im sd 6 md bn Im sd 3 md bn Im sd 3 md bn Im sd 20 Weight Description 0.004 Fire-cracked rock 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Bottle glass, brown 0 Bottle glass, solarized 0.134 Fire-cracked rock 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, er/er 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Ted flake, unmod, quartz N20/W26 3 31 41 B2 yb sd w/pb N20/W26 3 31 41 B2 yb sd w/pb N20/W26 3 31 41 B2 yb sd w/pb N20NV26 4 41 51 B2 yb sd w/pb N20/W26 4 41 51 B2 yb sd w/pb N20/W26 4 41 51 B2 yb sd w/pb N20.9NV14.8 B2 yb sd N21/W12 1 30 35 B2 yb sd w/pb N21NV12 1 30 35 B2 yb sd w/pb N21AN12 1 30 35 B2 yb sd w/pb N21/W12 1 30 35 B2 yb sd w/pb N21/W12 1 30 35 B2 yb sd w/pb N21/W12 I 30 35 B2 yb sd w/pb N21/VV12 1 30 35 B2 yb sd w/pb N21/W12 1 30 35 B2 yb sd w/pb N21/W12 1 ~0 35 B2 yb sd w/pb N21AN12 2 35 45 B2 yb sd w/pb N21/W12 2 35 45 B2 yb sd w/pb N21/W12 2 35 45 B2 yb sd w/pb N21/W12 3 45 55 B2 yb sd wlpb N21/VV12 4 55 65 B2 yb sd w/pb 15 0.208 2 0 8 0.076 0 3 0 1 0 10 0.225 I 0 I 0 1 0 2 0 6 0 17 0 26 0.458 2 0 7 0 2 0 0 0 Fire-cracked rock Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/sm Tert flake, unmod, quartz Fire-cracked rock Pd flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Rough stone, poss worked graphite Block/shatter, quartz Core, frag, quartz Fire-cracked rock Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, brier Phist ceramic, gdt*temp, sm/er Ppt, triangle, quartz Pd flake, unmod, quarb~ Sec flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Fire-cracked rock Pd flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Sterile 106 Appendix B: Stage 3 1xl m Units Coords Level Open Close Stratum N21At, J20 1 0 4 A0/AI N21AN20 2 4 26 PZ N21AN20 2 4 26 PZ N21NV20 2 4 26 PZ N21/W20 2 4 26 PZ N214N20 2 4 26 PZ N21/W20 2 4 26 PZ N21/W20 2 4 26 PZ N21NV20 2 4 26 PZ N21/W20 2 4 26 PZ N21/W20 2 4 26 PZ N21AN20 2 4 26 PZ N21/W20 2 4 26 PZ N21/V~20 2 4 26 PZ N21NV20 3 26 36 B2 N21/vV20 3 26 36 B2 N21/W20 3 26 36 B2 N21fW20 3 26 36 B2 N21/W20 3 26 36 B2 N21AN20 3 26 36 B2 N21A, V20 3 26 36 B2 N21AN20 4 36 46 B2 N21AN20 4 36 46 B2 N21/VV20 4 36 46 B2 N21/V~20 4 36 46 B2 N21/W20 4 36 46 B2 N21/W20 4 36 46 B2 N21AN20 4 36 46 B2 N21/VV20 4 36 46 B2 N21NV20 5 46 56 B2 N21NV20 6 56 66 B2 Soil Feature Quant dk bn sd Im 1 md bn Im sd 6 md bn Im sd 2 md bn Im sd 8 md bn Im sd 1 md bn Im sd 1 md bn Im sd 1 md bn Im sd 2 md bn Im sd 12 md bn Im sd 7 md bn Im sd 8 md bn Im sd 2 md bn Im sd 17 md bn Im sd 1 yb sd w/pb 1 yb sd w/pb 8 yb sd w/pb 1 yb sd w/pb 4 yb sd w/pb 3 yb sd w/pb 2 yb sd w/pb 5 yb sd w/pb 1 yb sd w/pb 5 yb sd w/pb 1 yb sd w/pb 1 yb sd w/pb 5 yb sd w/pb 1 yb sd w/pb 1 yb sd w/pb 3 yb sd w/pb 1 yb sd w/pb 0 107 Weight Description 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz 0 Biocldshatter, quadz 0 Core, frag, quartz 0.162 Fire-crocked rock 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, br/br 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, br/er 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, cm/sm 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/er 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, qua~t~_ 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, chert 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Te~t flake, unmod, rhyolite 0 Core. frag, quartz 0.303 Fire-cracked rock 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, er/er 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Block/shatter, quartz 0.135 Fire-cracked rock 0 Ppt, Lamoka, quartz 0 Ppt, tip, quartz 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmsd, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, chert 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 0 Stedle Coords N21.6/W9.8 N2?JW9 N22/W9 N22/W9 N22/W9 N22/W9 N22/W9 N22/W9 N2Z/W9 N22/W9 N22NV9 N22/W9 N22/W9 N22]W9 N22NV9 N22/W9 N22/W9 N22/W10 N22NV10 N22NV10 N22/W10 N22/W10 N22/W10 N22/W10 N22/W10 N22JW10 N22/WI0 N22/W10 Level 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 1 1 1 1 1 2 Appendix B: Stage 3 'Ix1 m Units Open Close Stratum Soil Feature Quant Weight B2 yb sd I 0 B2 yb sd I 0 15 25 PZ md bn Im sd w/pb 1 0 15 25 PZ md bn Im sd w/pb 3 0 15 25 PZ md bn Im sd w/pb 1 0 15 25 PZ md bn Im sd w/pb 7 0.362 15 25 PZ md bn Im sd w/pb 1 0 15 25 PZ md bn Im sd w/pb 3 0 15 25 PZ md bn Im sd w/pb 2 0 15 25 PZ md bn Im sd w/pb 8 0 15 25 PZ md bn [m sd w/pb I 0 25 35 B2 yb sd w/pb 1 0 25 35 B2 yb sd w/pb 3 0 25 35 B2 yb sd w/pb 9 0.157 25 35 B2 yb sd w/pb 6 0 35 45 B2 yb sd w/pb I 0 35 45 B2 yb sd w/pb I 0 45 55 B2 yb sd w/pb 1 0 45 55 B2 yb sd w/pb 2 0 55 65 B2 yb sd w/pb 0 0 31 39 PZ md bn Im sd 5 0 31 39 PZ md bn Im sd 4 0,065 31 39 PZ md bn Im sd I 0 31 39 PZ md bn Im sd 1 g 31 39 PZ md bn Im sd I 0 31 39 PZ md bn Im sd 3 0 31 39 PZ md bn Im sd I 0 31 39 PZ md bn Im sd 4 0 31 39 PZ md bn Im sd 14 0 31 39 PZ md bn Im sd 3 0 39 49 B2 yb sd w/pb&gv 2 0 Description Core, frag, quartz Core, frag, quartzite Biface, frag, quartz Block/shatter, quartz Core, frag, quarlz Fire-cracksd rock Phlst ceramic, grit-tamp, er/er Pd flake, unmod, quartz Sm tart flake, unread, quartz TeK flake, unmod, quartz Whgeware, dm Anvil stone Block/shatter, quartz Fire-cracked rock Tert flake, unmod, quartz Pd flake, unmod, quartz Ter[ flake, unmod, quartz Ppt, straight-stemmed, quartz TeA flake, unmod, quartz Sterile Block/shatter, quadz Fire-cracksd rock Phist ceramic, gdt-tamp, rim, sm/sm, dentate Phist ceramic, gdt-tamp, sm/er Phist ceramic, gdt-tamp, sm/er, shell-dragged Pd flake, unread, quartz Rough ground stone tool Sm tert flake, unmed, quartz Tart flake, unmod, quartz Whiteware Block/shatter, quadz 108 Coords N22AN10 N22/W10 N22/~V10 N22~V10 N22NV10 N22NV10 N22~V10 N22/VV10 N22/W10 N22NV10 N22ANI 1 N22/Wl 1 N22ANI 1 N22AN11 N22/W11 N22/WI 1 N22/WI 1 N22AN11 N22/W11 N22/W11 N22AN11 N22AN12 Appendix B: Stage 3 lx'l m Units Level Open Close Stratum Soil 2 39 49 B2 yb sd w/pb&gv 2 39 49 B2 yb sd w/pb&gv 2 39 49 B2 yb sd w/pb&gv 2 39 49 B2 yb sd w/pb&gv 3 49 59 B2 yb sd w/pb&gv 3 49 59 B2 yb sd w/pb&gv 3 49 59 B2 yb sd w/pb&gv 3 49 59 B2 yb sd w/pb&gv 4 59 69 B2 yb sd w/pb&gv 5 69 79 B2 yb sd w/pb&gv 1 21 31 B2 yb sd w/pb 1 21 31 B2 yb sd w/pb I 21 31 B2 yb sd w/pb I 21 31 B2 yb sd w/pb 1 21 31 B2 yb sd w/pb 1 21 31 B2 yb sd w/pb 1 21 31 B2 yb sd w/pb I 21 31 B2 yb sd w/pb 2 31 41 B2 yb sd 2 31 41 B2 yb sd 2 31 41 B2 yb sd 3 41' 51 B2 yb sd w/pb 3 41 51 B2 yb sd w/pb 3 41 51 B2 yb sd w/pb 3 41 51 B2 yb sd w/pb 4 51 61 B2 yb sd w/pb 4 51 61 B2 yb sd w/pb 4 51 61 B2 yb sd w/pb 5 61 71 B2 yb sd w/pb I 23 33 B2 yb sd 1 23 33 B2 yb sd Feature Quant Weight 1 0.101 5 0 5 0 7 0 0 Description Fire-cracked rock Pti flake, unmod, quartz Sm ter[ flake, unread, quadz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Fire-cracked rock Pri flake, unmod, quarlz Sm tart flake, unread. ~luartz Tert flake, unread, quartz PH flake, unread, quartz Sterile Block/shatter, quadz Fire-c~acked rock Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, er/er Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/er Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/sm Pd flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmsd, quartz Tert flake, unread, quartz Pr[ flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quadz Tert flake, unread, quartz BlockJshatter. quartz Fire-cracked rock PH flake, unread, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Pti flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unread, quartz Tert flake, unread, quartz Sterile Blocldshatter. quartz Fire-cracked rock 109 Coords N22NV12 N22NV12 N22/VV12 N22NV12 N22/W12 N22NV12 N22NV12 N22/W12 N22/W12 N22/W13 N22/W13 N22/W13 N22/W13 N22/W13 N22/W13 N22/W13 N22/W13 N22/W13 N22/WI 4 N22/W14 N22NV14 N22NV14 N22NV14 N22NV14 N22/W14 N22/W14 N22NV14 N22/WI 4 N22NV14 N22NV14 N22/W14 Appendix B: Stage 3 lxl m Units Level Open Close Stratum Soil 1 23 33 B2 yb sd I 23 33 B2 yb sd 1 23 33 B2 yb sd I 23 33 B2 yb sd 2 33 43 B2 yb sd 2 33 43 B2 yb sd 2 33 43 B2 yb sd 3 43 53 B2 yb sd w/pb 4 53 63 B2 yb sd w/pb 1 28 38 B2 yb sd 1 28 38 B2 yb sd I 28 38 B2 yb sd I 28 38 B2 yb sd 2 38 48 B2 yb sd w/pb 2 38 48 B2 yb sd wlpb 2 38 48 B2 yb sd w/pb 2 38 48 B2 yb sd w/pb 3 48 58 B2 yb sd w/pb I 30 40 B2 yb sd w/pb I 30 40 B2 yb sd w/pb 1 30 40 B2 yb sd w/pb 1 30 40 B2 yb sd w/pb I 30 40 B2 yb sd w/pb I 30 40 B2 yb sd w/pb I 30 40 B2 yb sd w/pb I 30 40 B2 yb sd w/pb 2 40 50 B2 yb sd w/pb 2 40 50 B2 yb sd w/pb 2 40 50 B2 yb sd w/pb 2 40 50 B2 yb sd w/pb 2 40 50 B2 yb sd w/pb Feature Quant Weight Description 1 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, cra/sm I 0 PH flake, unmod, quarlz 2 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 7 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz I 0.008 Fire-cracked rock 1 0 Ppt, Odent Fishtail, quartz 1 0 Sec flake, unmod, quarlz 0 0 Sterile 0 0 Stedle 3 0.045 Fire-cracked rock 1 0 Phist ceramic, grit~temp, sm/er 2 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 10 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz I 0 Block/shatter, quartz 5 0.199 Fire-cracked rock I 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 2 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 0 Stedle 2 0 Block/shatter, quartz I 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, cra/sm 3 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, er/er 2 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 4 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 5 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 12 0 Tefl flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Whiteware 3 0 Block/sharer, quartz I 0.011 Fire-cracked rock 3 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Sec flake, unmod, rhyolite 3 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 110 Coords N22/W14 N22/W14 N2Z/W14 N22/W14 N22/VV14 N22/VV14 N22/~V15 N22~V15 N22/VV15 N22/W15 N22/W15 N22/W15 N22/W16 N2Z/WI 6 N22JW16 N22/W16 N22/WI 6 N22/W1 § N22/W1 § N22/W16 N22/W16 N22/W16 N22JW16 N22/W1 fl N22/W16 N22/W10 N22/W16 Appendix B: Stage 3 lxl rn Units Level Open Close Stratum Soil 2 40 50 B2 ybsdw/pb 3 50 60 B2 ybsd 3 50 60 B2 ybsd 3 50 60 B2 yb sd 4 60 70 B2 ybsd 4 60 70 B2 yb sd 5 70 80 B2 yb sd 1 28 38 B2 yb sd w/pb 1 28 38 B2 ybsdw/pb I 28 38 B2 ybsdw/pb 1 28 38 B2 yb sd w/pb 2 38 48 B2 yb sd w/pb 3 48 58 B2 ybsdw/pb I 24 34 B2 ybsdw/pb&gv 1 24 34 B2 ybsdw/pb&gv 1 24 34 B2 ybsdw/pb&gv 1 24 34 B2 ybsdw/pb&gv 1 24 34 B2 yb sd w/pb&gv 1 24 34 B2 ybsdw/pb&gv 2 34 44 B2 ybsdw/pb&gv 2 34 44 B2 yb sd w/pb&gv 2 34 44 B2 yb sd w/pb&gv 2 34 44 B2 yb sd w/pb&gv 2 34 44 B2 yb sd w/pb&gv 2 34 44 B2 yb sd w/pb&gv 3 44 54 B2 yb sd w/pb&gv 4 54 64 B2 ybsdw/pb 4 54 64 B2 yb sd w/pb 5 64 74 B2 yb sd w/pb Feature Quant Weight 9 0 3 0 4 0 7 0 2 0 3 0 0 0 7 0.489 2 0 6 0 13 0 I 0 0 0 12 0.671 1 0 3 0 7 0 16 0 25 0 4 0.179 0 0 7 0 2 0 8 0 0 0 3 0.022 I 0 0 0 Description Tert flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Block/sharer, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Sterile Fire-cracked rock Pd flake, unmcd, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, qua~lz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Sterile Fire-cracked rock Hammerstone Pri flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Fire-cracked rock Hammerstone Pri flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unm~:l, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quadz Sterile Fire-cracked rock Pti flake, unmod, quartz Steflle III Appendix B: Stage 3 1xl m Units Coords Level Open Close Stratum N22/W20 1 0 5 A0/A1 N22/W20 2 5 24 PZ N22/W20 2 5 24 PZ N22/W20 2 5 24 PZ N22/VV20 2 5 24 PZ N22/W20 2 5 24 PZ N22/W20 2 5 24 PZ N2?JW20 2 5 24 PZ N22A, V20 2 5 24 PZ N22/W20 2 5 24 PZ N22/W20 2 5 24 PZ Soil Feature Quant Weight yb sd 1 0 dk bn sd Im 1 0 md bn Im sd 4 0 md bn Im sd I 0 md bn Im sd 14 0.157 md bn Im sd I 0 md bn Im sd 2 0 md bn Im sd 10 0 md bn Im sd I 0 md bn Im sd 5 0 md bn Im sd I 0 md bn Im sd 23 0 Description Biface, frag, quartz. Tert flake, unmod, quar[z BIocPJshatter, quartz Bottle glass, soladzed Fire-cracked rock Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, br/br Phist ceramic, grit-temp, brier Pri flake, unmod, quartz Pri flake, unmod, quartzite Sec flake, unmod, quartz Sm tart flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz N22JW20 N22A'V20 N2?JW20 N22/W20 N22/W20 N22/W20 N22/W20 N22/W20 N22~V20 N23NV12 N23/W12 N23/W12 N23/W12 N23/W12 N23/W12 N23/W12 N23/W12 N23/W12 N23/W12 5 24 24 34 24 34 24 34 24 34 24 34 34 44 44 54 54 64 23 33 23 33 23 33 23 33 23 33 23 33 23 33 33 43 33 43 43 53 PZ md bn Im sd B2 yb sd B2 yb sd B2 ~b sd B2 /b sd B2 /b sd B2 ~b sd B2 ~b sd B2 lb sd B2 ~b sd B2 ~b sd B2 ~b sd B2 ~b sd B2 ~b sd B2 'b sd B2 'b sd B2 yb sd B2 yb sd B2 yb sd 2 2 2 g 0 3 3 2 15 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartzite 0 Btocldshatter, quartz 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sterile 0 Sterile 0 Block/shatter, quartz 0.017 Fire-cracked reck 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/er 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/sm 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tart flake, unmod, quads_ 0 Biface, frog, quartz Il2 Coords Level Open Close N23/~/12 3 43 53 N23/W12 4 53 63 N23.9/W14A N24/W12 I 30 40 N24/W12 1 30 40 N24/W12 1 30 40 N24/W12 I 30 40 N24/W12 I 30 40 N24/~V12 2 40 50 N24/W12 3 50 60 N24/VV14 1 25 35 N24/W14 I 25 35 N24/W14 1 25 35 N24/W14 I 25 35 N24/W14 I 25 35 N24/W14 I 25 35 N24/W14 I 25 35 N24/W14 lA 25 35 N24/W14 IA 25 35 N24/W14 IA 25 35 N24/W14 lA 25 35 N24/W14 lA 25 35 N24/W14 2 35 45 N24/W14 2 35 45 N24/W14 2 35 45 N24/WI 4 2 35 45 N24/W14 2 35 45 N24/W14 2 35 45 N24/W14 2A 35 45 N24/W14 2A 35 45 Appendix B: Stage 3 1xl m Units Stratum Soil Feature Quant Weight B2 yb sd 2 0 B2 yb sd 0 0 B2 yb sd 1 0.074 B2 yb sd 1 0 B2 yb sd w/pb&gv I 0 B2 yb sd w/pb&gv 2 0.081 B2 yb sd w/pb&gv 1 0 B2 yb sd w/pb&gv 2 0 B2 yb sd w/pb&gv 5 0 B2 yb sd w/pb&gv 1 0 B2 yb sd w/pb&gv 0 0 B2 yb sd w/pb 3 0 B2 yb sd w/pb I 0.007 B2 yb sd w/pb 1 0 B2 yb sd w/pb 6 0 B2 yb sd w/pb 4 0 B2 yb sd w/pb 3 0 B2 yb sd w/pb 4 0 Fill vy dk gb Im sd 8 10 0 Fill vy dk gb Im sd 8 2 0 Fill vy dk gb Im sd 8 2 0 Fill vy dk gb Im sd 8 1 0 Fill vydk gblmsd 8 6 0 B2 yb sd w/pb 3 0 B2 yb sd w/pb 1 0 B2 yb sd w/pb 3 B2 yb sd w/pb 2 0 B2 yb sd w/pb 1 0 B2 yb sd w/pb 13 0 Fill vy dk gb Im sd 8 1 0.023 Fill vy dk gb Im sd 8 1 0 Description Tert flake, unmod, quartz Stedle Fire-cracked rock Ppt. fi'ag, quartz Block/shatter, quartz Fire-cracked rock Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/er Sec flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Sterile Block/shatter, quartz Fire-c~acked rock Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/sm Pd flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz Ter[ flake, unmod, quartz Hard shell dam pti flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Block/shatter, quartz Hematite nodule Pd flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Fire-cracked rock Hard shell clam 113 Appendix B: Stage 3 lx'l rn Units Coords Level Open Close Stratum N24/W14 2A 35 45 FEll N24/W14 2A 35 45 Fill N24/W14 2A 35 45 FEll N24/VV14 3 45 55 B2 N24/W14 3 45 55 B2 N24/VV14 3 45 55 B2 N24AN14 3 45 55 B2 N24/VV14 3 45 55 B2 N24AN14 3 45 55 B2 N24/VV14 3A 45 47 Fill N24/W14 3A 45 47 Fill N24/W14 4 55 65 B2 N24A, V14 4 55 65 B2 N24/W14 4 55 65 B2 N24AN14 4 55 65 B2 N24/W14 4 55 65 B2 N24/W14 5 65 75 B2 N24.5/W13.3 B2 N24.5/W14.8 B2 N27/W5 I 0 5 A0/A1 N27/W5 2 5 22 PZ N27~N5 2 5 22 PZ N27/W5 2 5 22 PZ N27/VV5 2 5 22 PZ N27/W5 2 5 22 PZ N27/W5 2 5 22 PZ N27/VV5 2 5 22 PZ N27/W5 2 5 22 PZ N27/W5 2 5 22 PZ N27AN5 2 5 22 PZ N27/W5 3 22 32 B2 Soil Feature Quant Weight Description vy dk gb Im sd 8 I 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, bt/er vy dfl gb ~m sd 8 3 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz vy dk gb Im sd 8 5 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz yb sd w/pb 4 0 Blocldshatter, quartz yb sd w/pb 1 0.012 Fire-cracked rock yb sd w/pb 4 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz yb sd w/pb I 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz yb sd w/pb 3 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz yb sd w/pb 10 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz vy dk gb Im sd 8 1 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz vy dk gb Im sd 8 I 0 Tert flake, unmod, quadz yb sd w/pb 1 0.026 Fire-cracked rock yb sd w/pb I 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz yb sd w/pb 3 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz yb sd w/pb 1 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz yb sd w/pb 10 0 Tert flake, unmod, quariz yb sd w/pb 0 0 Sterile yb sd 1 0 Modified flake, reft, quartz yb sd I 0 Biface, flag, quartz dk bn sd Im 1 0 Ppt, tip, quartz md bn Im sd 1 0 Biface, fi.ag, quartz md bn Im sd 1 0 Block/shatter, quartz md bn Im sd 26 1.209 Fire-cracked rock md bn Im sd 1 0 Hammerstone md bn Im sd I 0 Metal, nail, square cut md bn Im sd 2 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz md bn Im sd I 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz md bn Im sd 3 0 Tert flake, unmod, chert md bn Im sd 8 0 Terl flake, unmod, quartz md bn Em sd 1 0 Uniface, fi.ag, quartz yb sd 1 0 Core, frag, quartz 114 Appendix B: Stage 3 1xl m Units Coords Level Open Close Stratum N27NV5 3 22 32 B2 N27AN5 3 22 32 B2 N27AN5 3 22 32 B2 N27/W5 3 22 32 B2 N27NV5 4 32 42 B2 N271W5 4 32 42 B2 N27/W5 4 32 42 B2 N27/~V5 4 32 42 B2 N27~N5 4 32 42 B2 N27/W5 4 32 42 B2 N27/W5 4 32 42 82 N27/W5 5 42 52 B2 N27/W5 5 42 52 B2 N27/VV5 6 52 62 B2 N27NV19 1 0 6 A0/A1 N27NV19 1 0 6 A~A1 N27/W19 2 6 21 PZ N27A'V19 2 6 21 PZ N27NV19 2 6 21 PZ N27NV19 2 6 21 PZ N27AN19 2 6 21 PZ N27AN19 2 6 21 PZ N27/W19 2 6 21 PZ N27AN19 2 6 21 PZ Soil yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd yb sd /b sd lb sd ~b sd ~b sd 'b sd 'b sd yb sd dk gb sdlm dk gb sd Im md bn Im sd md bn Im sd md bn Im sd md bn Im sd md bn Im sd md bn Im sd md bn Im sd md bn tm sd N27A, V19 3 21 31 B2 ybsd N27/W19 3 21 31 82 yb sd N27NV19 3 21 31 B2 ybsd N27NV19 3 21 31 B2 yb sd N27/W19 3 21 31 B2 yb sd N27RV19 3 21 31 B2 yb sd N27/W19 3 21 31 B2 yb sd Feature Quant Weight Description 26 0.961 Fire-cracked rock 1 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Tert flake, unmod, chert I 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz I 0 Biface, quartz 2 0 Block/shatter, quartz 7 0.035 Fire-cracked rock I 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/er 2 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz I 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz I 0 Ted flake, unmod, quartz 3 0.004 Fire-cracked rock 1 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz I 0.004 Fire-cracked rock 2 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz 2 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 2 0 Biface, quartz 1 0 Block/shatter, quartz 8 0.309 Fire-cracked rock 2 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/er 12 0 PH flake, unmod, quartz 5 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 2 0 Sm ted flake, unmod, quartz 26 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz I 0 Biface, flag, quartz 1 0 Block/shatter, quartz 13 0.883 Fire-cracked rock I 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, br/er 5 0 Pd flake, unmsd, quartz 4 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz I 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 115 Appendix B: Stage 3 'Ix1 m Units Soil yb sd yb sd lb sd ~b sd ~b sd ~b sd ~b sd ,b sd rb sd 'b sd dk bn sd Im dk bn sd Im dk bn sd Im dk bn sd Im dk bn sd Im dk bn sd Im md bn Im sd md bn Im sd md bn Im sd md bn Im sd md bn Im sd md bn Im sd md bn Im sd md bn Im sd md bn Im sd md bn Im sd md bn [m sd 2 4 22 PZ md bn Im sd Coords Level Open Close Stratum N27/W19 3 21 31 B2 N27/VV19 4 31 41 B2 N27/W19 4 31 41 B2 N27/W19 4 31 41 B2 N27/W19 4 31 41 B2 N27/W19 5 41 51 B2 N27/W19 5 41 51 B2 N27/~V1g 5 41 51 B2 N27AN19 5 41 51 B2 N27/W19 6 51 61 B2 N29/W12 I 0 4 A01A1 N29NV12 1 0 4 A0/A1 N29/W12 1 0 4 A0/AI N29/VV12 I 0 4 A~AI N29/VV12 I 0 4 A0/AI N29AN12 2 4 22 PZ N29/VV12 2 4 22 PZ N29/W12 2 4 22 PZ N29/W12 2 4 22 PZ N29/VV12 2 4 22 PZ N29A, V12 2 4 22 PZ N29/W12 2 4 22 PZ N29/W12 2 4 22 PZ N29A, V12 2 4 22 PZ N29/VV12 2 4 22 PZ N29/VV12 2 4 22 PZ N29/W12 N29/W12 2 4 22 PZ md bnlm sd Feature Quant Weight Description 8 0 Tert flake, unmod, quarlz 1 0 Block/shatter, quartz 2 0.121 Fire-cracked rock 8 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 5 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz I 0.001 Fire-cracked rock 3 0 Pr[ flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz I 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz I 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz I 0 Block/shatter, quartz 2 0.034 Fire-cracked rock I 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz I 0 Sec flake, unmodl quartz 3 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 5 0 Ted flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Bannerstone frag, granite 2 0 Biface, flag, quartz I 0 Biface, under sedimentary 7 0 Block/shatter, quartz 9 0,144 Fire-cracksd rock 1 0 Hematite nodule 2 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, br/sm 3 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, er/er I 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/sm 1 0 Ppt, Rossville, qua~. 18 0 Pd flake1 unmod, quartz 19 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 23 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz N29/W12 2 4 22 PZ md bn Im sd I 0 Terl flake, unmod, d~ert 116 Coords N29AN12 Appendix B: Stage 3 1xl m Units Level Open Close Stratum Soil Feature Quant Weight 2 4 22 PZ md bn Im sd 97 0 Description Ter[ flake, unmod, quartz N29/W12 N29NV12 N29/W12 N29NV12 N29/W12 N29/W12 N29NV12 N29NV12 N29NV12 N29/W12 N29NV12 N29/W12 N29/W12 N29NV12 N29NV12 N29/W12 N29NV12 N29/W12 N29/W12 N29/W12 N29/W16 N29/W16 N29NV16 N29/W16 N29/W16 N29/W16 N29/W16 3 22 32 B2 yb sd 2 3 22 32 B2 yb sd 14 3 22 32 B2 yb sd 1 3 22 32 B2 yb sd 1 3 22 32 B2 yb sd 3 3 22 32 B2 yb sd 2 3 22 32 B2 yb sd 10 3 22 32 B2 yb sd 18 4 32 42 B2 yb sd 4 4 32 42 B2 yb sd 1 4 32 42 B2 yb sd 2 4 32 42 B2 yb sd 2 4 32 42 B2 yb sd 7 4A 32 42 Fill md bn Im sd 14 4A 32 42 Fill md bn Im sd 14 3 4A 32 42 Fill md bn lrn sd 14 1 5 42 52 B2 yb sd 1 5 42 52 B2 yb sd 1 5A 42 52 Fill md bn Im sd 14 2 6 52 62 B2 yb sd 0 1 0 5 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im 1 2 5 17 PZ md bn Im sd 4 2 5 17 PZ md bn Im sd 4 2 5 17 PZ md bn [m sd 2 2 5 17 PZ md bn Im ad 3 2 5 17 PZ md bn Im sd 2 2 5 17 PZ md bn Im sd I 0 Block/shatter, qua~z 0.625 Fire-cracked rock 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/er 0 Ppt, Brewer~on side-notch, chert 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmsd, quartz 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0.71 Fire-cracked rock 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sm ted flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Biface, undet sedimentary 0.501 Fire-cracked rock 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Block,'shatter, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quarlz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sterile 0 BlockJshatter, quartz 0 Blocldshatter, quartz 0.01 Fire-cracked rock 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unread, quartz 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, jasper 117 Appendix B: Stage 3 txl m Units Coords Level Open Close Stmtum N29/W16 2 5 17 PZ N29A'V16 2 5 17 PZ N29/W16 3 17 27 B2 N29/W16 3 17 27 B2 N29/W16 3 17 27 B2 N29/~V16 3 17 27 B2 N29/W16 3 17 27 B2 N29/W16 3 17 27 B2 N29/VV16 3 17 27 B2 N29/VV16 3 17 27 B2 N29/W16 3 17 27 B2 N29/VV16 4 27 37 B2 N29/W16 4 27 37 B2 N29/W16 4 27 37 B2 N29/W16 4 27 37 B2 N29/W16 5 37 47 B2 N29/W16 6 47 57 B2 N29/VV16 6 47 57 B2 N29/W16 7 57 67 B2 N29/W17 I 0 6 A0/A1 N29/W17 2 6 17 PZ N29/VV17 2 6 17 PZ N29/W17 2 $ 17 PZ N29/W17 2 6 17 PZ N29AN17 2 6 17 PZ N29/W17 2 6 17 PZ N29/W17 2 6 17 PZ N29/W17 2 6 17 PZ N29/W17 2 6 17 PZ N29/W17 2 6 17 PZ N29AN17 2 6 17 PZ Soi! Feature Quant md bn Im sd 16 md bn Im sd 2 yb sd 1 yb sd 1 yb sd 1 yb sd 2 yb sd 1 yb sd 2 yb sd 1 yb sd 4 yb sd 1 yb sd 1 yb sd 1 yb sd 5 yb sd 1 yb sd 0 yb sd 1 yb sd 1 yb sd 0 dk bn sd Im 1 dk bn sd Im 1 md bn lm sd 3 md bn Im sd 5 md bn Im sd 1 md bn Im sd 1 md bn Im sd 4 md bn Im sd 1 md bn Im sd 1 md bn Im sd 3 md bn Im sd 2 md bn Im sd 2 md bn Im sd I 118 Weight Description 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, share 0 Blocldshatter. quar[z 0.009 Fire-cracked rock 0 Hamme~stone 0 Hematite nodule 0 Ppt. Madison, quartzite 0 PH flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quarlz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartzite 0 Block/shatter, quartz 0 Ground stone, steatite, body frag 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, shale 0 Stedie 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Stedle 0 Bone. animal, tooth 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 BlockJshatter, quartz 0,181 Fire-cracked rock 0 Metal, buffet casing/shell 0 Metal, shotgun shell 0 Metal, undet s~eet metal 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/sm 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Whitewam Coords N29AN17 N29/W17 N29NV17 N29NV17 N29/W17 N29NV17 N29/W17 N29NV17 N29NV17 N29/WI 7 N29AN17 N29/W17 N29/W17 N29NV17 N 30/W15 N 30NV15 N 30NV15 N30NVI 5 N30/W15 N30/W15 N30/W15 N30NV15 N30AN15 N30/W15 N30/W15 N30/W15 N30/W15 N30AN15 N30/W15 N30AN15 Appendix B: Stage 3 'Ix1 m Units Level Open Close Stratum Soil 3 17 27 B2 yb sd 3 17 27 B2 yb sd 3 17 27 B2 yb sd 3 17 27 B2 yb sd 3 17 27 B2 yb sd 3 17 27 B2 yb sd 3 17 27 B2 yb sd 4 27 37 B2 yb sd 4 27 37 B2 yb sd 4 27 37 B2 yb sd 4 27 37 B2 yb sd 4 27 37 B2 yb sd 5 37 47 B2 yb sd 5 37 47 B2 yb sd 6 47 57 B2 yb sd 1 0 4 A0/AI dk bn sd Im I 0 4 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im 1 0 4 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im 2 4 24 PZ md bn sd Im 2 4 24 PZ md bn sd ]m 2 4 24 PZ md bn sd Im 2 4 24 PZ md bn sd Im 2 4 24 PZ md bn sd Im 2 4 24 PZ md bn sd Im 2 4 24 PZ md bn sd Im 2 4 24 PZ md bn sd Im 2 4 24 PZ md bn sd Im 2 4 24 PZ md bn sd Im 2 4 24 PZ md bn sd ]m 2 4 24 PZ md bn sd Im 2 4 24 PZ md bn sd Im Feature Quant Weight Description I 0 Biface, flag, quadz 3 0 Biocldshatter, quartz 4 0.21 Fire-cracked rock 1 0 Phistceramic, grit-temp, cra/er I 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Sec flake, unmod, quadz 4 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz_ 2 0 Block/shatter, quartz 1 0,026 Fire-cracked rock I 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz 2 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 10 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz I 0 Block/shatter, quartz 5 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 0 Sterile 1 0 Block/shatter, quartz I 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz I 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz I 0 Biface, flag. quartz 4 0 Block/shatter, quartz 5 0.115 Fire"cracked rock I 0 Hematite nodule 1 0 Phist ceramic, g~t-temp, br/sm I 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, cra/er 2 0 Phist ceramic, grit-letup, er/er 11 0 P~ flake, unmod, quartz 11 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz I 0 Sm tett flake, unmod, chert 19 0 Sm tett flake, unmod, quartz I 0 TeA flake, unmod, jasper 30 0 Tett flake, unmod, quartz 119 Coords N30ANI 5 Appendix B: Stage 3 1xl m Units Level Open Close Stratum Soil Feature Quant Weight Description 2 4 24 PZ md bn sd Im 30 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz N30/W15 N30/W15 N30/W15 N30/W15 N30/W15 N30/W15 N30/WI 5 N30/W15 N 30NV15 N30/W15 N 30/WI 5 N30AN15 N30AN15 N30/W15 N30/W15 N30AN15 N 30/W15 N30/W15 N30/W16 N30/W16 N30/VVI$ N30/W16 N30/W16 N30/W16 N30/W16 N30/W16 N30/W16 N30/W16 N30/W16 N30/W16 3 24 34 B2 yb sd w/pb 2 0 Biface, quartz 3 24 34 B2 yb sd w/pb 45 2.201 Fire-cracked rock 3 24 34 B2 yb sd w/pb I 0 Ppt, flag, straight-stemmed, chef[ 3 24 34 B2 yb sd w/pb 1 0 Ppt, triangle, under sedimentary 3 24 34 B2 yb sd w/pb 1 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 3 24 34 B2 yb sd w/pb I 0 Tert flake, unmod, jasper 3 24 34 B2 yb sd w/pb 4 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 3A 26 34 Fill yb sd w/pb 9 6 3.012 Fire-cracked rock 4 34 44 B2 yb sd w/pb I 0 Block/shatter, quartz 4 34 44 B2 yb sd w/pb 6 0.319 Fire-cracked rock 4 34 44 B2 yb sd w/pb 2 0 Hammerstone 4 34 44 B2 yb sd w/pb 1 0 PH flake, unmed, quartz 4 34 44 B2 yb sd w/pb I 0 Sec flake, unmed, q uar~z 4 34 44 B2 yb sd w/pb 5 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 5 44 54 B2 yb sd w/pb I 0 Block/shatter, quartz 5 44 54 B2 yb sd w/pb 1 0 PH flake, unmod, quartz 5 44 54 B2 yb sd w/pb I 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 6 54 64 B2 yb sd w/pb I 0 Sec flake, unmod, quadz I 0 4 A0/A1 dk bn sd [m I 0.012 Fire-cracked rock 1 0 4 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im 2 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 2 4 20 PZ md bn Im sd 4 0 Block/shatter, quartz 2 4 20 PZ md bn Im sd 7 0.087 Fire-cracked rock 2 4 20 PZ md bn Im sd 2 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, er/er 2 4 20 PZ md bn Im sd 4 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz 2 4 20 PZ md bn Im sd 5 0 Sec flake, unmed, quartz 2 4 20 PZ md bn Im sd 4 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 2 4 20 PZ md bn Im sd 18 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 3 20 30 B2 yb sd w/pb 2 0 Biface, flag, quartz 3 20 30 B2 yb sd w/pb 2 0 Block/shatter, quartz 3 20 30 B2 yb sd w/pb 10 0.097 Fire-cracked rock ~20 Coords N30A, V16 N30AN16 N30AN16 N30/W16 N30/W16 N30/W16 N30/W16 N30/W16 N30/W16 N30/W16 N30/W16 N30/W16 N30/W16 N30/W17 N30/W17 N30/W17 N30/W17 N30/W17 N30/W17 N30/W17 N30AN17 N30/W17 N30/W17 N30/W17 N30/W17 N30/W17 N30/W17 N30/W17 Appendix B: Stage 3 1xl m Units Level Open Close Stratum Soil 3 20 30 B2 yb sd w/pb 3 20 30 B2 yb sd w/pb 3 20 30 B2 yb sd w/pb 3 20 30 B2 yb sd w/pb 3 20 30 B2 yb sd w/pb 3 20 30 B2 yb sd w/pb 3 20 30 B2 yb sd w/pb 4 30 40 B2 yb sd w/pb 4 30 40 B2 yb sd w/pb 4 30 40 B2 yb sd w/pb 4 30 40 B2 yb sd w/pb 5 40 50 B2 yb sd w/pb 6 50 60 B2 yb sd w/pb 1 0 3 AO/A1 dk bn sd Im 2 3 19 PZ md bn Im sd 2 3 19 PZ md bn Im sd 2 3 19 PZ md bn Im sd 2 3 19 PZ md bn im sd 2 3 19 PZ md bn Im sd 2 3 19 PZ md bn Im sd 2 3 19 PZ md bn Im sd 2 3 19 PZ md bn Im sd 2 3 19 PZ md bnlm sd 2 3 19 PZ md bn Im sd 2 3 19 PZ md bn Im sd 2 3 19 PZ md bn ~m sd 2 3 19 PZ md bn Im sd 2 3 19 PZ md bn Im sd Feature Quant Weight Description I 0 Ground stone, steaflte, body f~ag 1 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, br/sm 6 0 Pd flake, unmod, quadz 3 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 2 0 Sm ter[ flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Tert flake, unmod, cflert 7 0 Tert flake, unmod, quart~ 1 0 Block/shatter, qua~lz I 0 Core, frag, quartz I 0.018 Fire-cracked rock 2 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 0 Stedie 0 0 Stedle 0 0 Sterile 2 0 Biface, f~ag, quartz 3 0 Block/shatter, quartz 1 0 Bottle glass, clear 3 0.536 Fire-cracked rock 5 0 Ground stone, steaflte, body flag I 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, cra/er 1 0 Phist ceramic, gfit-temp, er/cm 1 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, er/er 3 0 PH flake, unmod, quartz 5 0 Sec flake, unmsd, quartz 2 0 Sm ter[ flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Tert flake, unmsd, chett 1 0 Tert flake, unmod, jasper 22 0 TeA flake, unmod, quarlz N30AN17 3 19 29 B2 ybsd N30/W17 3 19 29 B2 yb sd N30/W17 3 19 29 B2 yb sd 9 0.145 Fire-cracked rock 4 0 Ground stone, steatite, body frag I 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 12l Coords N 30/W17 N30/W17 N30/W17 N30/W17 N30AN17 N30A'V17 N30/W17 N30AN17 N30AN17 N30/WI 7 N30A, V18 N30/W18 N30AN18 N30AN18 N30/VV18 N30/W18 N30/WI 8 N30/W18 N30A, V18 N30/W18 N30/VVl 8 N30/VV26 N30/W26 N30/W26 N30/VV26 N30/W26 N30/W26 N30/W26 Appendix B: Stage 3 lxl rn Units Level Open Close Stratum Soil 3 19 29 B2 yb sd 3 19 29 B2 yb sd 4 29 39 B2 yb sd 4 29 39 B2 yb sd 4 29 39 B2 yb sd 4 29 39 B2 yb sd 4 29 39 B2 yb sd 4 29 39 B2 yb sd 5 39 49 B2 yb sd 6 49 59 B2 yb sd 7 59 69 B2 yb sd 1 0 2 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im 2 2 19 PZ md bn Im sd 2 2 19 PZ md bn Im sd 2 2 19 PZ md bn Im sd 2 2 19 PZ md bn Im sd 2 2 19 PZ md bn Im sd Feature Quant Weight Description 1 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 6 0 Te~ flake, unmod, quartz 2 0 Block/shatter, quartz I 0 Ground stor~e, steatite, rim f~ag 1 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 4 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz I 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 3 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz I 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 0 Sterile 0 0 Sterile 0 0 Stedle 3 0 Block/shatter, quartz I 0.004 Fire-cracked rock 5 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz 3 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 21 0 Tett flake, unmod, quartz 3 19 29 B2 3 19 29 B2 4 29 39 B2 4 29 39 B2 5 39 49 B2 6 49 59 B2 7 59 69 B2 I 0 5 A0/AI I 0 5 A0/A1 2 5 22 PZ 2 5 22 PZ 2 5 22 PZ yb sd w/pb 1 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz yb sd w/pb 3 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz yb sd w/pb 1 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz yb sd w/pb 4 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz yb sd w/pb I 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz yb sd w/pb 0 0 Sterile yb sd w/pb 0 0 Stedle dk bn sd Im I 0 Block/shatter, quartz dk bn sd Im 2 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz dk bn sd Im 3 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz dk bn sd Im I 0 W3ndow glass, aqua md bn sd Im 4 0 Block/shatter, quartz md bn sd Im 2 0.195 Fire-cracked rock md bn sd Im 3 0 Glass, dear, curved 122 Coords N30/W26 N30/W26 N30/W26 N30/W26 N30/W26 Appendix B: Stage 3 1xl rn Units Level Open Close Stratum Soil 2 5 22 PZ md bn sd Im 2 5 22 PZ md bnsdlm 2 5 22 PZ md bnsdlm 2 5 22 PZ md bnsdlm 2 5 22 PZ md bnsdlm N30/W26 2 5 22 PZ md bn sdlm N30/W26 3 22 32 B2 ybsd N30/W26 3 22 32 B2 yb sd N30/W26 3 22 32 B2 ybsd N30/W26 3 22 32 B2 yb sd N30/W26 3 22 32 B2 yb sd N30/W26 3 22 32 B2 ybsd N30/W26 3 22 32 B2 yb sd N30/W26 3 22 32 B2 ybsd N30/W26 3 22 32 B2 ybsd N30/W26 4 32 42 B2 yb sd N30/W26 5 42 52 B2 ybsd N30/W26 6 52 62 B2 ybsd N30/W27 I 0 10 A0/AI dk bnsdlm N30NV27 1 0 10 A0/A1 dk bnsdlm N30AN27 1 0 10 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im N30/W27 1 0 10 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im N30/W27 2 10 25 PZ mo md bn Im sd N30/W27 2 10 25 PZ mo md bn Im sd N30/W27 2 10 25 PZ mo md bn lm sd N30/W27 2 10 25 PZ mo md bn Im sd N30/W27 2 10 25 PZ mo md bn rm sd N30/W27 2 10 25 PZ mo md bn im sd N30/W27 2 10 25 PZ mo md bn Im sd N30/W27 2 10 25 PZ mo md bn Im sd N30/W27 2 10 25 PZ mo md bn Imsd Feature Quant Weight 4 0 1 0 5 0 3 0 18 0 Description Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/er Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/sm Pd flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz 7 2 1 2 1 2 2 0 1 2 3 3 2 2 1 1 4 3 0 Window grass, aqua 0 Biface. fi.ag, quartz 0 Block/shatter, quartz 0 Core, fi.ag, quartz 0.005 Fire-cracked rock 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, er/er 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-ternp, sm/sm 0 PH flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Ter~ flake, unrnod, quart~ 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Stedle 0 Biface, fi.ag, quartz o Block/shatter. quartz 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Block/shatter, qua~lz 0 Bottle glass, brown 0.022 Fire-cracked rock 0 KaoJin pipe fi.ag, stem 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, cra/sm 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, er/er 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/er 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/sm 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/sm, incised 123 Appendix B: Stage 3 lxl m Units Coords Level Open Close Stratum N30/W27 2 10 25 PZ N30JW27 2 10 25 PZ N30/W27 3 25 35 B2 N30/W27 3 25 35 B2 N30/W27 3 25 35 B2 N30/W27 3 25 35 B2 N30/W27 3 25 35 B2 N30/W27 4 35 45 B2 N30/W27 4 35 45 B2 N30/W27 4 35 45 B2 N30/W27 4 35 45 B2 N30/W27 5 45 55 B2 N30/Vv27 6 55 65 B2 N31/W15 2 2 21 PZ N31AN15 2 2 21 PZ N31/W15 2 2 21 PZ N31AN15 2 2 21 PZ N31/W15 2 2 21 PZ N31/W15 2 2 21 PZ N31/W15 2 2 21 PZ N31/W15 2 2 21 PZ N31/W15 2 2 21 PZ N31/W15 2 2 21 PZ N31/W15 2 2 21 PZ N31/W15 2 2 21 PZ N31/W15 2 2 21 PZ Soil Feature Quant Weight Description mo md bn Im sd 1 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz mo md bn Im sd 8 0 Ter[ flake, unmod, quartz yb sd w/pb 1 0.192 Fire-cracked rock yb sd w/pb I 0 Phist ceramic, grfl-temp, sm/er yb sd w/pb 1 0 Sec flake, unmsd, jasper yb sd w/pb 1 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz yb sd w/pb I 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz yb sd w/pb 9 1.017 Fire-cracked rock yb sd w/pb 1 0 Hammerstone yb sd w/pb I 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz yb sd w/pb I 0 Ted flake, unmod, quartz yb sd w/pb 1 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz yb sd w/pb 0 0 Stedle dk bn sd Im 1 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz md bn Im sd 5 0 Block/shatter, quartz md bn Im sd 2 0 Core, frag, quartz md bn Im sd 17 0.684 Fire-cracked rock md bn Im sd 1 0 Hammerstone md bn Im sd 1 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-lemp, br/sm md bn Im sd 1 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, cra/sm md bn Im sd 6 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, er/er md bn Im sd I 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/cra md bn Im sd 6 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz md bn Im sd 2 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz md bn Im sd 8 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz md bn Im sd 2 0 Ted flake, unmod, chert md bn Im sd 33 0 Ted flake, unmod, qua~: N31/W15 3 21 31 B2 N31JW15 3 21 31 B2 yb sd w/pb I 0 Biface, frag, quartz yb sd w/pb I 0 Biface, poss ddll, quartz yb sd w/pb 5 0 Block/shatter, quartz 124 Appendix B: Stage 3 lx'l m Units Coords Level Open Close Stratum N31JW15 3 21 31 B2 N31/~V15 3A 23 33 Fill N31/W15 4A 33 43 Fill N31/W15 4A 33 43 Fill N31/W16 2 2 19 PZ N31/W16 2 2 19 PZ N31/W16 2 2 19 PZ N31/W16 2 2 19 PZ N31/W16 2 2 19 PZ N31/W16 2 2 19 PZ Soil Feature Quant Weight yb sd w/pb 43 2.525 yb sd w/pb I 0 yb sd w/pb 2 0 yb sd w/pb 5 0 yb sd w/pb 4 0 yb sd w/pb 13 0 yb sd w/pb 1 0 yb sd w/pb 12 0 dk gb Im sd 5 0 0 yb sd w/pb I 0 yb sd w/pb 2 0 yb sd w/pb 14 0.208 yb sd w/pb 3 0 yb sd w/pb 3 0 yb sd w/pb 4 0 yb sd w/pb I 0 yb sd w/pb 4 0 dk gb Im sd 5 0 0 dk gb Im sd 5 1 0.011 yb sd w/pb 1 0 yb sd w/pb 2 0 yb sd w/pb 0 0 dk bn sd Im I 0 dk bn sd Im 1 0 dk bn sd ]m I 0 md bn Im sd 5 0 md bn Im sd I 0 md bn Im sd 11 0.08 md bn Im sd 2 0 md bn Im sd 1 0 md bn Im sd 1 0 Description Fire-cracked rock Ground stone, steatite, body fi.ag Hammerstone PH flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quarlz Sm ted flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, (:tier Tert flake, unmod, quartz Charcoal Biface, fi.ag, quartz Block/shatter, quartz Fire-cracked rock Pti flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, chert Tert flake, unmod, quartz Charcoal Fire.cracksd rock Sec flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Sterile Hematite nodule Pti flake, unmod, quariz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Block/shatter, quartz Core, frag, quartz Fire-cracked rock Ground stone, steatfle, body fi.ag Hematite nodule Phist ceramic, grit-temp, cra/sm 125 Appendix B: Stage 3 1xl m Units Coords Level Open Close Stratum N31/W16 2 2 19 PZ N31/W16 2 2 19 PZ N31NV16 2 2 19 PZ N31NV16 2 2 19 PZ N31/W16 2 2 19 PZ N31/~V10 3 19 28 B2 N31AN16 3 19 28 B2 N31NV16 3 19 28 B2 N31/W16 3 19 28 B2 N31AN16 3 19 28 B2 N31NV16 3 19 28 B2 N31AN16 3 19 28 B2 N31NV16 3 19 28 B2 N31/W16 3 19 28 B2 N31NV16 3 19 28 B2 N31/VV16 3 19 28 B2 N31NV16 3 19 28 B2 N31NV16 4 28 38 B2 N31/W16 4 28 38 82 N31NV16 4 28 38 B2 N31A, V16 4 28 38 B2 N31AN16 4 28 38 B2 N31AN16 4 28 38 B2 N31/W16 4 28 38 B2 N31NV16 4 28 38 B2 N31NV16 4A 28 38 Fill N31/W16 4A 28 38 Fill N31NV16 4A 28 38 Fill N31/W16 5 38 48 B2 N31NV16 5 38 48 B2 Soil Feature Quant md bn Im sd 1 md bn Im sd 5 md bn Im sd 9 md bn Im sd 3 md bn Im sd 30 Weight Description 0 Ppt, Madison, quar[z 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz ybsdw/pb 1 yb sd w/pb 2 yb sd w/pb 49 yb sd w/pb 5 ybsdw/pb 1 ybsdw/pb 1 yb sd w/pb 1 yb sd w/pb 2 0 yb sd w/pb 5 0 ybsdw/pb 5 0 ybsdw/pb 2 0 ybsdw/pb 6 0 ybsdw/pb I 0 yb sd w/pb 5 yb sd w/pb I 0 yb sd w/pb 4 0.034 yb sd w/pb 3 0 ybsdw/pb 1 0 yb sd w/pb 2 0 yb sd w/pb 7 0 me md bn sd 5 2 0.008 mo md bn sd 5 1 0 mo md bn sd 5 1 0 yb sd w/pb 3 0.006 yb sd w/pb I 0 0 Biface, fi.ag, quartz 0 Block/shatter, quartz 1.525 Fire-cracked rock 0 Ground stone, steatite, body fi.ag 0 Ground stone, steaflte, dm flag 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, bt/er 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/sm, dentate Pd flake, unmod, quadz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz Ter~ flake, unmod, chert Tert flake, unmod, quartz Biface, flag, quartz Block/shatter, quartz Core, frag, quartz Fire-cracked rock PH flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quadz Sm ted[ flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Fire-cracked rock Sec flake, unmod, quartz Sm ted flake, unmod, quartz Fire-cracked rock Sec flake, unmod, quadz 126 Coords N31NV17 N31/W17 N31NV17 N31NV17 N31NV17 N31NV17 N31/W17 N31/W17 N31/W17 Appendix B: Stage 3 lx'l m Units Level Open Close Stratum Soil 5A 38 48 Fill mo md bn sd 6 48 58 B2 yb sd w/pb 1 0 6 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im I 0 6 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im I 0 6 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im 2 6 21 PZ md bn Im sd 2 6 21 PZ md bn Im sd 2 6 21 PZ md bn Im sd 2 6 21 PZ md bn Im sd 2 6 21 PZ md bn Im sd 2 6 21 PZ md bn Im sd 2 6 21 PZ md bn Im sd 2 6 21 PZ md bn Im sd 2 6 21 PZ md bn Im sd 2 6 21 PZ md bn Im sd N31/W17 2 6 21 PZ md bn Im sd N31/W17 2 6 21 PZ md bn Im sd N31/W17 3 21 31 B2 yb sd w/pb N31A~/17 3 21 31 B2 yb sd w/pb N31/W17 3 21 31 B2 yb sd w/pb N31/W17 3 21 31 B2 yb sd w/pb N31AN17 3 21 31 B2 yb sd w/pb N31NV17 3 21 31 B2 yb sd w/pb N31/W17 3 21 31 B2 yb sd w/pb N31/W17 3 21 31 B2 yb sd w/pb N31/W17 3 21 31 B2 yb sd w/pb N31/W17 4 31 41 B2 yb sd w/pb N31/~V17 4 31 41 B2 yb sd w/pb N31/W17 4 31 41 B2 yb sd w/pb N31/W17 4 31 41 B2 yb sd w/pb Feature Quant Weight Description 5 9 0.079 Fire-cracked rock 0 0 Stedle I 0 Block/shatter. quarlz 2 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 3 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz I 0 Biface, fTag, quartz 5 0 Block/shatter, quadz 22 0.345 Fire-cracked rock I 0 Glass. dear 2 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, er/er I 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/er, shell- dragged 6 0 Pr/flake. unmod, quartz 7 0 Sec flake, unmed, quartz 3 0 Tert flake, unmod, ohert 32 0 Ter[ flake, unmod, quartz 2 0 Whiteware I 0 Whiteware, painted, polychrome I 0 Block/shatter. quartz I 0 Core, frag, quartz I 0 Ground stone, steatite, body frag I 0 Ground stone, steatite, dm frag 3 0 PA flake, unmod, quartz 2 0 Sec flake, unmsd, quartz 2 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz I 0 Ted flake, unmod, chert 14 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz I 0 B/face, frag, quartz I 0 Block/shatter, quart~ 2 0 Pti flake, unmod, quadz 2 0 Sec flake, unmed, quartz 127 Appendix B: Stage 3 1xl m Units Coords Level Open Close Stratum N31/VV17 4 31 41 B2 N31/W17 5 41 51 B2 N31/W17 5 41 51 B2 N31/VV17 7 61 71 B2 N31NV18 2 3 21 PZ N31/VV18 2 3 21 PZ N31/W18 2 3 21 PZ N31/W18 2 3 21 PZ N31/W18 2 3 21 PZ N31/W18 2 3 21 PZ N31/W18 2 3 21 p7 N31/W18 2 3 21 PZ N31/W18 2 3 21 PZ N31/W18 2 3 21 PZ N31/W18 2 3 21 PZ N31/W18 4 31 41 B2 N31/W18 4 31 41 B2 Soil Feature Quant yb sd w/pb 2 yb sd w/pb 5 yb sd w/pb 1 yb sd w/pb 2 yb sd w/pb 3 yb sd w/pb 1 yb sd w/pb 0 dk bn sd Im I dk bn sd Im 2 md bn Im sd 7 md bn Im sd 6 md bn Im sd md bn Im sd 1 md bn Im sd 2 md bn Im sd 1 md bn Im sd 9 md bn Im sd 3 md bn Im sd 1 md bn Im sd 1 md bn Im sd 26 ybsd 2 ybsd 1 yb sd 2 ybsd 1 ybsd 12 ybsd 1 yb sd 3 yb sd 5 ybsd 0 ybsd I Weight Description 0 Sm te~t flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Ted flake, unmod, chert 0 Tert flake, unmod, quarlz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartzite 0 Stedle 0 BlockJshatter. quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 BIocldshatter, quartz 0.83 Fire-cracked rock 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, cm/sm 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, er/er 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/er 0 Ppt, Madison, quartz 0 PH flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, chert 0 Tert flake, unmod, jasper 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 BIockJshatter, quartz 0 Phist ceramic, gdt4emp, cra/er 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Ted flake, unmod, quartz 0 Ground stone, steaflte, body frag 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sterile 0 Sec flake, unmod, quadz 128 Appendix B: Stage 3 lxl rn Units Coords Level Open Close Stratum N31AN18 7 61 71 B2 N31/W26 I 0 9 A0/A1 N31/W26 1 0 9 A0/A1 N31/W26 1 0 9 A0/A1 N31/W26 2 9 22 PZ N31AN26 2 9 22 PZ N31A'V26 2 9 22 PZ N31/W26 2 9 22 PZ N31/W26 2 9 22 PZ N31/W26 2 9 22 PZ N31/W26 2 9 22 PZ N31/W26 2 9 22 PZ N31/W26 2 9 22 PZ N31A, V26 2 9 22 PZ N31A'V26 2 9 22 PZ N31AN26 3 22 32 B2 N31/W26 3 22 32 B2 N31/W26 3 22 32 B2 N31A, V26 4 32 42 B2 N31/W26 5 42 52 B2 N31/W27 2 10 26 PZ N31AN27 2 10 26 PZ N31AN27 2 10 26 PZ N31/~N27 2 10 26 PZ N31AN27 2 10 26 PZ N31AN27 2 10 26 PZ N31/W27 2 10 26 PZ N31/W27 2 10 26 PZ N31/W27 2 10 26 PZ N31A~/27 3 26 36 B2 Soil Feature Quant Weight Description yb sd 0 0 Sterile dk bn sd ]m 1 0,01 Fire-cracked rock dk bn sd Im 1 0 Ppt, Bare Island, quartz dk bn sd Ich 2 0 Tert flake, unmod, quart~ md bn sd Im 3 0 Block/shatter, quartz md bn sd Im 5 0.182 Fire-cracked rock md bn sd Im 2 0 Metal, nail md bn sd Im 1 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-ten]p, sm/er md bn sd Im 1 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-ten]p, sm/sm md bn sd Im I 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/sm, shell~dragged md bn sd Im 1 0 Pd flake, unrnod, quartz md bn sd Im 3 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz md bn sd [m 2 0 Sm tert flake, unn]od, quartz md bn sd Im I 0 Tart flake, unmod, jasper md bn sd Im 10 0 Tert flake, unmod, quadz yb sd 1 0 Bottle glass, brown yb sd 1 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/er yb sd 1 0 Tert flake, unrnod, quarlz yb sd 0 0 Sterile yb sd 0 0 Sterile dk bn sd Im 1 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz dk bn sd Ira 2 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz mo md bn Im sd 1 0 Biface, frag, quartz mo md bn In] sd 5 0 Block/shatter, quartz mo md bn Im sd 6 0.615 Fire-cracked rock mo md bn Irn sd 1 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-tamp, sm/er mo md bn Im sd 1 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-ten]p, sm/er, incised mo md bn Im sd 3 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz mo md bn Im sd 1 0 Pd flake, unmod, shape mo md bn Im sd 1 0 Sec flake, unmod, quart~ mo md bn Im sd 5 0 Tert flake, unmod, quarlz yb sd w/pb 1 0.008 Fire-cracked rock 129 Coords N31/W27 N31/W27 N31/W27 N31NV27 N31/W27 N31/W27 N31/W27 N31/V~27 S2.3AN19.5 S4/W20 S4/W20 S4/W20 S4/Vv20 S4/W20 S4/W20 S4/W20 S4/W20 S4/W20 S4NV20 S4NV20 S4NV20 S4/W20 S4NV20 S4/W20 S4NV20 S4NV20 S4/W20 S4AN20 S4/W20 S4/W20 S5/W20 Appendix B: Stage 3 'lx'l m Units Level Open Close Stratum Soil 3 26 36 B2 yb sd w/pb 3 26 36 B2 yb sd w/pb 3 26 36 B2 yb sd w/pb 3 26 36 B2 yb sd w/pb 3 26 36 B2 yb sd w/pb 3 26 36 B2 yb sd w/pb 4 36 46 B2 yb sd w/pb 5 46 56 B2 yb sd w/pb B2 yb sd B2 yb sd 1 0 6 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im 2 6 28 PZ md bn Im sd 2 6 28 PZ md bn Im sd 2 6 28 PZ md bn Im sd 2 6 28 PZ md bn Im sd 2 6 28 PZ md bn [m sd 2 6 28 PZ md bn Im sd 3 28 36 B2 yb sd w/pb 3 28 36 B2 yb sd w/pb 3 28 36 B2 yb sd w/pb 3 28 36 82 yb sd w/pb 3 28 36 B2 yb sd w/pb 3 28 36 B2 yb sd w/pb 4 36 46 82 yb sd w/pb 4 36 46 B2 yb sd w/pb 4 36 46 B2 yb sd w/pb 4 36 46 B2 yb sd w/pb 4 36 46 B2 yb sd w/pb 5 46 56 B2 yb sd w/pb 5 46 56 B2 yb sd w/pb 6 56 66 R2 yb sd w/pb 1 0 4 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im Feature Quant Weight Description 2 0 Ground stone, poss abrader 1 0 Hammerstone I 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, er/er I 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 2 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Ted flake, unmod, quartz 2 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 0 Stedle 1 0 Ground stone, steatite, bcdy frag 1 0 Biface, flag, quartz 0 0 Stedle 2 0 Block/shatter, quartz 1 0 Coal 3 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, er/er 3 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/er 1 0 Tert flake, unmod, che~t 5 0 Tert flake, unmod, quarlz I 0 Core, frag, quartz I 0.073 Fire-cracked rock I 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, er/er I 0 Pd flake, ur)mod, quartz 1 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 5 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz I 0 Core, fi-ag, quartz 2 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz 2 0 Sec flake, unmsd, quartz 1 0 Sm ted flake, unmod, quart= 5 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz I 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 0 Stedle 0 0 Stedle 130 Coords Level S5/W20 2 S5/W20 2 S5/W2O 2 S5/W20 2 S5/W20 2 S5/W20 3 S5/W20 3 S5/W20 3 S5/W20 4 S5/W20 4 S5/W20 4 S5/W20 4 S5/W20 4 S5/W20 5 S5/W20 5 SS/W20 6 S6NV10 1 S6/W10 2 S6/W10 2 S6/W10 2 S6/W10 2 S6/W10 2 S6NV10 2 S6NVI 0 2 S6AN10 2 S6/W10 2 S6NV10 3 S6/W10 3 S6/W10 3 S6NV10 3 Appendix B: Stage 3 lx'l m Units Open Close Stratum Soil 4 23 PZ md bn Jm sd 4 23 PZ md bn Im sd 4 23 PZ md bn Im sd 4 23 PZ mdbnim sd 4 23 PZ md bn lm sd 23 33 B2 yb sd w/pb 23 33 B2 yb sd w/pb 23 33 B2 yb sd w/pb 33 43 B2 yb sd w/pb 33 43 B2 yb sd w/pb 33 43 B2 yb sd w/pb 33 43 B2 yb sd w/pb 33 43 B2 yb sd w/pb 43 53 B2 yb sd w/pb 43 53 B2 yb sd w/pb 53 63 B2 yb sd w/pb 0 2 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im 2 22 PZ md bn Im sd 2 22 PZ md bn Im sd 2 22 PZ md bn lm sd 2 22 PZ md bn Im sd 2 22 PZ md bn Im sd 2 22 PZ md bn Im sd 2 22 PZ md bn Im sd 2 22 PZ md bn Im sd 2 22 PZ md bn Im sd 2 22 PZ md bn lm sd 22 30 B2 yb sd 22 30 B2 yb sd 22 30 B2 yb sd 22 30 B2 yb sd Feature Quant 1 Weight Description 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, cm/er I 0 Phist ceramic, gfit-temp, er/er I 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 3 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 6 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz I 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quadz 4 0 Ted flake, unmod, quartz I 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, er/er I 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 2 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 3 0 Sm ted flake, unmod, quadz 6 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz I 0 Block/shatter, quartz 5 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 0 Stedle 0 0 Steele 7 0 Block/shatter, quartz 7 0.071 Fire-cracked rock 2 0 Hammerstone I 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, crn/cm 3 0 Phist ceramic, gritqemp, sm/er I 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/sm 6 0 PH flake, unmod, quartz 3 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 17 0 Ted flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Tested cobble 2 0 Block/shatter, quartz 1 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz I 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 6 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 131 Coords Level Open Close S6/Wl 0 4 30 40 S6/W10 4 30 40 S6AN10 5 40 50 S6NVI0 6 50 60 S7/W10 1 0 6 S7ANI0 2 6 28 S7AN10 2 6 28 S7NVl 0 2 6 28 S7/W10 2 6 28 S7NV10 2 6 28 S7AN10 2 6 28 S7NV10 2 6 28 S7/W10 2 6 28 S7AN10 2 6 28 S7NV10 2 6 28 S7NV10 3 28 36 S7/W10 3 28 36 S7NV10 3 28 36 S7/W10 4 36 46 S7/W10 4 36 46 S7/W10 5 46 56 S7/W10 6 56 66 S 17AN19 I 0 6 S17AN19 2 6 28 S17NV19 2 6 28 S17/W19 2 6 28 S17/VV19 3 28 38 S17/W19 3A 28 38 S17/~V19 4 30 48 S17AN19 5 48 58 S17AN19 6 58 68 Descdpfion Appendix B: Stage 3 Ix1 m Units Stratum Soil Feature Quant Weight B2 yb sd 1 0.023 Fire-cracked rock B2 yb sd 1 0 PH flake, unmod, quartz B2 yb sd 1 0,006 Fire-cracked rock B2 A0/AI dk bn sd Im PZ md bn Im sd PZ md bn Im sd PZ md bn Im sd PZ md bn Im sd PZ md bn Im sd PZ md bn Im sd PZ md bn Im sd PZ md bn Im sd PZ md bn Im sd PZ md bn Im sd B2 yb sd B2 yb sd B2 yb sd B2 yb sd B2 yb sd B2 yb sd B2 yb sd A0/A1 dk bn sd Im PZ md bn Im sd PZ md bn Im sd p7 md bn Im sd B2 yb sd Fill vy dk gb Im sd B2 yb sd B2 yb sd B2 yb sd yb sd 0 0 Stedle 11 0 0 6 0 5 0.405 2 0 6 0 11 0 6 0 2 0 2 0 I 0 12 0 1 0 I 0 I 0 1 0 2 0 I 0 0 0 0 0 3 0.036 5 0 1 0 I 0.025 I 0 2 0.052 0 0 0 0 Sterile Bloddshatter, quartz Fire-cracked rock Phist ceramic, grit-temp, er/er Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/er Phist ceramic, grfl-temp, sm/sm Pd flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmsd, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quadz Tert flake, unmod, chert Tert flake, unmod, quartz Block/shatter, quartz Sec flake, unmsd, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Stedle Sterile Fire-cracked rock Ted flake, unmod, quartz Te~t flake, unmod, rhyolile Fire-cracked rock Charcoal Fire-cracked rock Stedle Stedle 132 Coords S17/W20 S17JW20 S17/W20 S17/W20 S17/W20 S17/W20 S17/W20 S17/W20 S17/W20 S17/W20 S17/W20 S33/W6 S33~V6 S33/W6 S33/W6 S33/W6 S33/W6 S33/W6 S33/W6 S33/W6 S33/W6 S33/W6 S33/W6 S33/W6 Appendix B: Stage 3 1xl m Units Level Open Close Stratum Soil 7 68 78 B2 yb sd I 0 3 AO/A1 dk bn sd Im 2 3 28 PZ md bn Im sd 2 3 28 PZ md bn Im sd 2 3 28 PZ md bn Im sd 2 3 28 PZ md bn Im sd 2 3 28 PZ md bn Im sd 2 3 28 PZ md bn Im sd 3 28 38 B2 yb sd 4 38 48 B2 yb sd 5 48 58 B2 yb sd 6 58 68 S2 yb sd I 0 6 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im 2 6 29 PZ md bn Im sd 2 6 29 PZ md bn Im sd 2 6 29 PZ md bn Im sd 2 6 29 PZ md bn Im sd 2 6 29 PZ md bn Im sd 2 6 29 PZ md bn Im sd 2 6 29 PZ md bn Im sd 2 6 29 PZ md bn Im sd 2 6 29 PZ md bn ~m sd 2 6 29 PZ md bn ]m sd 2 6 29 PZ md bn Im sd 2 6 29 PZ md bn Im sd Feature Quant Weight Description 0 0 Sterile 0 0 Sterile I 0.015 Fire-cracked rock I 0 Hammerstone 1 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Sec flake, unmod, quadz 2 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 8 0 Tert flake, unmod, quar~. 1 0.115 Fire-cracked rock 0 0 Sterile 0 0 Stedle 0 0 Stedle I 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Biface, quartz 5 0 Block/shatter, quariz 4 0,078 Fire-cracked rock 2 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, er/er 6 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/er 1 0 Ppt, f~ag, quartz I 0 Ppt. flag, rhyolite 14 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz 8 0 Sec flake, unmod, quarlz 7 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Tert flake, unmod, jasper 25 0 Te~t flake, unmod, quartz S33AN6 2 6 29 PZ md bn Imsd S33/W6 3 29 39 B2 yb sd S33/W6 3 29 39 B2 yb sd S33AN6 3 29 39 B2 yb sd S33A, V6 3 29 39 B2 ybsd 9 1 0 3 0 16 0 0 0 Whiteware Block/shatter. quartz Pd flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz ]33 Coords Level S33AN6 3 S33/W6 3 Appendix B: Stage 3 1xl m Units Open Close Stratum Soil Feature Quant Weight 29 39 B2 yb sd 11 0 29 39 B2 ybsd 21 0 S33NV6 4 39 S33/W6 4 39 S33/W6 4 39 S33/W6 4 39 S33/W6 4 39 S33/W6 4 39 S33/W6 5 49 S33/W6 5 49 S33/W6 5 49 S33/W6 5 49 S33/W6 5 49 S33/W6 5 49 S33/W6 6 59 S33NV6 6 59 S33/W6 6 59 S33/W6 6 59 S33/W6 6 59 S33/W6 7 69 S33/W6 7 69 S33/W6 7 69 S33/W6 7 69 S33AN6 8 79 S33/W6 8 79 S33A~6 8 79 S33/W6 9 89 Description Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quart~ 49 B2 yb sd ~ 49 B2 yb sd 1 49 B2 yb sd 20 0 Block/shatter, quartz 0 Core, fi.ag, quartz 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 49 B2 yb sd 49 B2 ybsd 49 B2 yb sd 59 B2 yb sd 59 B2 ybsd 59 B2 yb sd 10 0 7 0 13 0 2 0 1 0 23 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Block/shatter, quartz Corn, fi.ag, quartz Pd flake, unmod, quartz 59 B2 ybsd 59 B2 ybsd 59 B2 ybsd 17 7 29 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sm ter[ flake, unmod, quartz 0 Te~t flake, unmod, quartz 69 B2 ybsd 69 B2 yb sd 69 B2 ybsd 69 B2 yb sd 69 B2 yb sd 79 B2 yb sd 79 B2 ybsd 79 B2 yb sd 79 B2 yb sd 89 B2 ybsd 89 B2 yb sd 89 B2 yb sd 99 B2 yb sd 3 0 11 0 2 0 4 0 17 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 7 0 I 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 Block/shatter, quartz Pd flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz BlockJshatter, quartz PH flake, unmod, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz TeA flake, unmod, quartz Block/shatter, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Stedle 134 Appendix B: Stage 3 Ix1 m Units Coords Level Open Close Stratum S33/W7 1 0 8 A0/A1 S33/W7 I 0 8 A0/A1 S33/W7 1 0 8 A0/A1 S33/W7 2 8 25 PZ S33/W7 2 8 25 PZ S33/W7 2 8 25 PZ S33/W7 2 8 25 PZ S33/W7 2 8 25 PZ S33~N7 2 8 25 PZ S33NV7 2 8 25 PZ S33/W7 3 25 37 B2 S33NV7 3 25 37 B2 S33/W7 3 25 37 S2 S33/W7 3 25 37 B2 S33/W7 3 25 37 B2 S33NV7 3 25 37 B2 S33/W7 3A 29 38 Fill S33/Vv7 3A 29 38 Fill S33NV7 3A 29 38 Fi~l S33/W7 3A 29 38 Fill S33NV7 3A 29 38 Fill S33/W7 3A 29 38 Fill S33NV7 3A 29 38 Fill S33/W7 3A 29 38 Fill S33/W7 3A 29 38 Fill S33/W7 4 37 47 S2 S33/W7 4 37 47 B2 Soil Feature Quant Weight Description dk bn sd Im 2 0 PH flake, unmod, quartz dk bn sd Im I 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz dk bn sd Im 4 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz md bn Im sd 8 0 Block/shatter. quartz md bn Im sd 2 0.004 Fire-cracked rock md bn lm sd 3 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/sm md bn Im sd 20 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz md brt Im sd 11 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz md bn Im sd 22 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz md bn Pm sd I 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartzite yb sd 5 0 Block/shatter, quartz yb sd 17 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz yb sd 11 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz yb sd 2 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz yb sd I 0 Ter[ flake, unmod, jasper yb sd 29 0 Tert flake, unrnod, quartz md bn Im sd 2 I 0 Block/shatter. quartz md bn Im sd 2 2 0 Hard shell dam md bn Im sd 2 I 0 Oyster md bn Im sd 2 4 0 Phist ceramic, gdt~temp, sm/er md bn Im sd 2 3 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz md bn Im sd 2 1 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz md bn Im sd 2 1 0 Slag md bn Im sd 2 1 0 Sm ted flake, unmod, quartz md bn Im sd 2 12 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz yb sd 10 0 Block/shatter. quartz yb sd 32 0 PH flake, unrnod, quartz 135 Coords S33/VV7 S33/W7 S33/W7 Appendix B: Stage 3 'lx'l m Units Level Open Close Stratum Soil Feature Quant 4 37 47 B2 yb sd 15 37 47 B2 yb sd 7 37 47 B2 ybsd 44 Weight Description 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, qua~z 0 Te~t flake, unmod, quartz S33/W7 4A 38 48 Fill md bn Im sd 2 1 0.001 S33/W7 4A 38 48 Fill md bn Im sd 2 1 0 S33/W7 4A 38 48 Fill md bn Im sd 2 1 0 S33NV7 4A 38 48 Fill md bn Im sd 2 I 0 S33/W7 4A 38 48 Fill md bn Im sd 2 1 0 S33/W7 4A 38 48 Fill md bn Im sd 2 1 0 S33/VV7 5 47 57 B2 yb sd 1 S33/W7 5 47 57 B2 yb sd 28 0 S33/W7 5 47 57 B2 ybsd S33AN7 5 47 57 B2 yb sd S33/W7 5 47 57 B2 ybsd 2 0 I 0 71 0 Fire-cracked rock Hard shell clam Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, bt/sm Pri flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Whelk Biface, frag, quartz Block/shatter, quartz Core, frag, quartz Modified flake, sec, quartz Pd flake, unmod, quartz S33/W7 5 47 57 B2 yb sd S33/W7 5 47 57 B2 ybsd S33/W7 5 47 57 B2 yb sd 32 14 Sec flake, unmod, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz S33/W7 5A 38 48 Fill mo md bn Im sd 2 1 S33/W7 5A 38 48 Fill mo md bn Im sd 2 6 S33/W7 5A 38 48 Fill mo md bn Im sd 2 4 S33/W7 5A 38 48 Fill mo md bn Im sd 2 7 S33/W7 5A 38 48 Fill mo md bn Im sd 2 1 S33NV7 6 57 67 B2 yb sd 2 S33/W7 6 57 67 B2 yb sd 15 0 Block/shatter, quartz 0 PH flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Ter~ flake, unmod, quartz 0 Whelk 0 Biface, fTag, quartz 0 Block/shatter, quartz 136 Appendix B: Stage 3 'Ix1 m Units Coords Level Open Close Stmtum S33/W7 6 57 67 B2 S33/W7 6 57 67 B2 S33/W7 6 57 67 B2 Soil Feature Quant yb sd 1 yb sd 1 yb sd 51 Weight Description 0 Ppt, Madison. quartz 0 Ppt. fi*ag. Madison. quartz 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz S33/W7 6 57 67 B2 S33/W7 6 57 67 B2 S33AN7 6 57 67 B2 yb sd 22 yb sd 24 yb sd 69 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz S33AN7 7 67 77 B2 S33AN7 7 67 77 B2 S33A/v7 7 67 77 B2 S33/W7 7 67 77 B2 S33/W7 7 67 77 B2 S33/W7 8 77 87 B2 S33/W7 8 77 87 B2 S33/VV7 8 77 87 B2 S33AN7 8 77 87 B2 S33/W7 8 77 87 B2 S33/VV7 8 77 87 B2 S33/W7 9 87 97 B2 S33/W7 9 87 97 B2 S33/W7 9 87 97 B2 S33/W7 9 87 97 B2 S34/W7 I 0 7 A0/A1 S34/W7 1 0 7 A0/A1 S34/W7 1 0 7 A0/A1 S34/W7 1 0 7 A0/A1 ybsd ybsd ybsd ybsd ybsd ybsd ybsd ybsd ybsd yb sd ybsd ybsd yb sd ybsd yb sd dk bnsdlm dk bnsdlm dk bnsdlm dk bnsdlm 6 6 6 21 2 10 3 0 3 0 18 0 3 0 3 0 5 0 I 0 4 0 1 0.053 1 0 1 0 0 Block/shatter. quartz 0 PH flake, unmod, quadz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quaflz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Block/shatter, quartz 0 Phist ceramic, gfit-temp, sm/er 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Block/shatter. quartz PH flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, quartz Block/shatter, quartz Fire-cracked rock Phist ceramic, gr~t-temp, bt/sm Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, er/er 137 Coords S34/W7 S34/W7 S34/W7 S34/W7 S34/W7 S34NV7 S34fvV7 S34/W7 S34/W7 S34/W7 S34/VV7 S34/W7 S34/W7 S34A, V7 S34/W7 S34/W7 S34/W7 S34/W7 S34/W7 S34NV7 S34/W7 S34/W7 S34/W7 S34/W7 S34/W7 S34/W7 S34/W7 S34/W7 S34NV7 S34/W7 Appendix B: Stage 3 lxl m Units Level Open Close Stratum Soil 1 0 7 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im 1 0 7 A0/AI dk bn sd Im 1 0 7 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im I 0 7 A0/AI dk bn sd Im I 0 7 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im 2 7 25 PZ md bn Im sd 2 7 25 PZ md bn Im sd 2 7 25 PZ md bn Im sd 2 7 25 PZ md bn Im sd 2 7 25 PZ md bn Im sd 2 7 25 PZ md bn Im sd 2 7 25 PZ md bn Im sd 2 7 25 PZ md bn Im sd 2 7 25 PZ md bn Im sd 2 7 25 PZ md bn Im sd 2 7 25 PZ md bn Im sd 2 7 25 PZ md bn Im sd 2 7 25 PZ md bn Im sd 3 25 35 B2 yb sd 3 25 35 B2 yb sd 3 25 35 B2 yb sd 3 25 35 B2 yb sd 3 25 35 B2 yb sd 3 25 35 B2 yb sd 3 25 35 B2 yb sd 3 25 35 B2 yb sd 3 25 35 B2 yb sd 4 35 45 B2 yb sd 4 35 45 B2 yb sd 4 35 45 B2 yb sd Feature Quant Weight Description 2 0 Phist ceramic, grit-tamp, sm/er 9 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz I 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 2 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 3 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 4 0 Block/shatter. quartz 1 0 Core, fi.ag, quartz 4 0.286 Fire-cracked rock 3 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/er I 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-tamp, sm/er, incised 1 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/sm 7 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 5 0 Sec flake, unmod, quar~ 1 0 Slag I 0 Sm tart flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Tart flake, unmod, jasper 8 0 Tart flake, unmod, quartz I 0 Whiteware. pdnted, blue 3 0 Block/shatter. quartz 2 0.066 Fire-cracked rock 2 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, er/er 2 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/sm 10 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 7 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 6 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Tart t3ake, unmod, chert 16 0 Tart flake, unmod, quartz 2 0 Block/shatter. quadz 1 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, er/er 17 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz 138 Coords S34/W7 S34/W7 S34AN7 S34/W7 S34/W7 S34/W7 S34/W7 S34/W7 S34/W7 S34/W7 S34NV7 Appendix B: Stage 3 lxl m Units Level Open Close Stratum Soil 4 35 45 B2 yb sd 4 35 45 B2 yb sd 4 35 45 B2 yb sd 5 45 55 B2 ybsd 5 45 55 B2 yb sd 5 45 55 B2 ybsd 5 45 55 B2 yb sd 5 45 55 B2 yb sd 5 45 55 B2 ybsd 5 45 55 B2 ybsd 5 45 55 B2 yb sd Feature Quant Weight Description 8 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 15 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quar[z 18 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Biface. frag, quartz 6 0 Block/shatter, quartz I 0 Modified flake, tert, quartz 2 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/er 15 0 Pr[ flake, unmod, quartz 4 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 7 0 Sm tett flake, unmod, quartz 22 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz S34/W7 6 55 65 B2 yb sd S34AN7 6 55 65 B2 yb sd S34/W7 6 55 65 B2 ybsd S34/W7 6 55 65 B2 yb sd S34AN7 6 55 65 B2 yb sd S34/W7 6 55 65 B2 yb sd S34AN7 7 65 75 B2 yb sd S34NV7 7 65 75 B2 ybsd S34/W7 7 65 75 B2 ybsd S34/W7 7 65 75 B2 yb sd S34NV7 7 65 75 B2 ybsd S34NV7 8 75 85 B2 ybsd S34/W7 8 75 85 B2 yb sd S34/W7 9 85 95 B2 yb sd S34/W20 1 0 5 A0/A1 dk bnsdlm S34/W20 2 5 15 PZ md bn Imsd S34/W20 2 5 15 PZ md bn Im sd 2 0 Block/shatter, quartz I 0 Phist ceramic, grit4emp, cra/sm 16 0 PH flake, unmod, quartz 2 0 Sec flake, unmod, quarlz 13 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quarlz 21 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 2 0 Block/shatter, quartz 6 0 Prf flake, unmod, quartz 2 0 Sec flake, unmod, qua~- 8 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz 9 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 1 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/er I 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 1 0.004 Fire-cracked rock I 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/sm 139 Coords S34NV20 S34/W20 S34/W20 S34/W20 S$4/W20 S34A, V20 S34/W20 S34/W20 S34/W20 S34/W20 S34/W20 S34/W20 S34/W20 S34/W20 S34/W20 S34/W20 S34/W20 S34NV20 S34/W20 S34/W20 S34/W20 S34A, V20 S34A¥20 S34/W20 S34/W20 S34NV20 S34NV20 S34/W20 S34/W20 S40/W14 S40/W14 Appendix B: Stage 3 lxl m Units Level Open Close Stratum Soil 2 5 15 PZ md bn Im sd 2 5 15 PZ md bn Im sd 2 5 15 PZ md bn Im sd 2 5 15 PZ md bn Im sd 2 5 15 PZ md bn Im sd 3 15 22 PZ md bn Im sd 3 15 22 PZ md bn Im sd 3 15 22 PZ md bn Im sd 3 15 22 PZ md bn Im sd 3 15 22 PZ md bn Im sd 3 15 22 PZ md bn im sd 3 15 22 PZ md bn Im sd 3 15 22 PZ md bn Im sd 3 15 22 PZ md bn Im sd 3 15 22 PZ md bn Im sd 3 15 22 PZ md bn Im sd 3 15 22 PZ md bn Im sd 4 22 32 B2 yb sd 4 22 32 B2 yb sd 4 22 32 B2 yb sd 4 22 32 B2 yb sd 4 22 32 B2 yb sd 4 22 32 B2 yb sd 4 22 32 B2 yb sd 5 32 42 B2 yb sd 5 32 42 B2 yb sd 5 32 42 B2 yb sd 6 42 52 B2 yb sd 7 52 62 B2 yb sd I 0 6 A0/At dk bn sd Im 2 6 27 PZ md bn Im sd Feature Quant Weight 1 0 1 0 1 0 4 7 0 I 0 2 0,067 1 0 2 0 2 0 4 0 0 $ 0 5 0 1 0 1 0 I 0 2 0 I 0 9 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 3 0 I 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 4 0 Description Pti flake, unmod, quartz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, chalcedony Tert flake, unmod, ched Tert flake, unmod, quarlz Block/shatter, quartz Fire-cracked rock Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/er Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/er, shell-dragged Phist ceramic, grfl-temp, sm/sm Pd flake, unmod, quadz Sec flake, unmod, quartz Sm tert flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, chalcedony Tert flake, unmod, chert Tert flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, under sedimentary Phist ceramic, grit-temp, er/er Sm tert flake, unmod, chalcedony Sm tert flake, unmod, chert Tert flake, unmed, chalcedony Tert flake, unmod, chert Tert flake, unmod, quartz Tert flake, unmod, undet sedimentary Tert flake, unmod, chalcedony Tert flake, unmod, chert Tert flake, unmod, quarlz Block/shatter, quartz Stedle Sec flake, unmed, quartz Blocldshatter, quartz 140 Coords S40/W14 S40AN14 S40AN14 S40AN14 S40/VV14 S40/W14 S40/VV14 S40AN14 S40AN14 S40/VV14 S40/W14 S40AN14 S40A, V14 S40/VV14 S40/W14 S40/VV14 S40/VV14 S40/W14 S40AN14 S40/VV14 S51/W26 S51/W26 S51/W26 S51/W26 S51/W26 S51NV26 S51/W26 S51/W26 S51/W26 S51/W26 S51/W26 Appendix B: Stage 3 lxl m Units Level Open Close Stratum Soil Feature Quant 2 6 27 PZ md bn Im sd 3 2 6 27 PZ md bn Im sd 10 2 6 27 PZ md bn Im sd 1 2 6 27 PZ md bn Im sd 2 2 6 27 PZ md bn Im sd 11 2 6 27 PZ md bn Im sd 3 2 6 27 PZ md bn Im sd 9 2 6 27 PZ md bn Im sd 2 2 6 27 PZ md bn Im sd 2 2 6 27 PZ md bn Im sd 1 2 6 27 PZ md bn Im sd 1 2 6 27 PZ md bn Im sd 16 3 27 37 B2 yb sd w/pb 3 27 37 B2 yb sd w/pb 1 3 27 37 82 yb sd w/pb 1 3 27 37 i32 yb sd w/pb 1 3 27 37 B2 yb sd w/pb 1 3 27 37 B2 yb sd w/pb 2 4 37 47 B2 yb sd w/pb 0 5 47 57 B2 yb sd w/pb 0 I 0 7 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im 1 1 0 7 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im 1 1 0 7 A0/A1 dk bn sd Im 2 2 7 30 PZ md bn Im sd 1 2 7 30 PZ md bn Im sd 15 2 7 30 PZ md bn Im sd 1 2 7 30 PZ md bn Im sd 18 2 7 30 PZ md bn Im sd 2 2 7 30 PZ md bn Im sd 2 2 7 30 PZ md bn Im sd 2 2 7 30 PZ md bn Im sd I 141 Weight Description 0 Bottle glass, dark green 0.193 Fire-cracked rock 0 Hammerstone 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, crn/er 0 Phist ceramic, gfibtemp, er/er 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/er 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/er, shell- dragged 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/sm, shell- dragged 0 Pri flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 0 Sm tert flake, unmod, quarz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Block/shatter, quartz 0.009 Fire-cracked rock 0 Hammerstone 0 Phist ceramic, grt-temp, bt/bt 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/sm 0 Ted[ flake, unmod, quartz 0 Stedle 0 Sterile 0 Block/shatter, quartz 0 Pti flake, unmod, quartz 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 0 Biface, frag, quartz 0 Block/shatter, quartz 0 Core, frag, quartz 1.065 Fire-cracked rock 0 Hammerstone 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, dm, c~n/sm 0 Phist ceramic, gdt-temp, sm/er 0 Phist ceramic, grit-temp, sm/sm Coords S51/W26 S51/W26 S51/W26 S51NV26 S51/W26 S51/W26 S51AN26 S51/W26 S51/VV26 S51/W26 S51/W26 S51NV26 S51/W2§ S51/W26 Level 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 Appendix B: Stage 3 Ix1 m Units Open Close Stratum Soil Feature Quant Weight Description 7 30 PZ md bn Im sd 1 0 Preform, quartz 7 30 PZ md bn Im sd 5 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 7 30 PZ md bn Im sd 5 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 7 30 PZ md bn Im sd 17 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 30 40 B2 yb sd w/pb I 0 Block/shatter, quaC~z 30 40 B2 yb sd w/pb 8 0.153 Fire-cracked rock 30 40 B2 yb sd w/pb 2 0 Pd flake, unmod, quartz 30 40 B2 yb sd w/pb 1 0 Tert flake, unmod, ohert 30 40 B2 yb sd w/pb 3 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 40 50 B2 yb sd w/pb 1 0 Biface, quartz 40 50 B2 yb sd w/pb 2 0.035 Fire-cracked rock 40 50 B2 yb sd w/pb I 0 Sec flake, unmod, quartz 40 50 82 yb sd w/pb I 0 Tert flake, unmod, quartz 50 60 B2 yb sd w/pb 0 0 Stedle 142 APPENDIX C NEW YORK STATE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE FORM (Updated February 2009) 143 NEW YORK STATE PREHISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE INVENTORY FORM For Office Use Only--Site Identifier A10310.001325 Project Identifier Skunk Lane Your Name Daria E. Merwin Address Deot. ofAnthronolok, v. SLrNY-Stony Brook Stony Brook, New York Zip 11794-4364 Organization (if any) Institute for Long Island Archaeology Date February 2009 Phone (631) 632-7618 1. Site Identifier(s) Skunk Lane prehistoric site 2. County Suffolk 3. Present Owner Bradley W. and Mary Stuart Krause Address 9205 Skunk Lane (aka Bay Avenue) Peconic, NY Zip 11958 One of fullowing: City Township Southold (MCD 103 l 0) Incorporated Village Unincorpomtad Village or Hamlet Peeonie 4. Site Description (check all appropriate categories): Structure/site Site _Stray find Cave/Rockshelter ._Pictograph Z Quarry ._Burial Shell midden Surface evidence ___X Camp ~ Material below plow zone .X.X Buried evidence _Single component X Evidence of features ~X Mulficomponent ~XWorkshop Mound ._Village X.~terial in plow zone __Intact occupation floor __Stratified Location ._Under cultivation ._Pastureland ._Upland Never cultivated .X.X Woodland __Sustaining erosion ~X Previously cultivated ~Floodplain ._Residential lawn Soil Drainage: excellent._ good~X fair__ poor.~ Slope: fiat._ gentle X moderate~ steep__ Distance to nearest water fi.om site (Approx.) 120 meters (394 feet) Elevation: 2.4 meters (8 feet) Site Investigation (append additional sheets, ifnecessmy): Surface--date(s) August 2006 (Stage 2); July-August 2008 (Stage 3) Site Map (Submit with form) see report Collection August 2006; July-August 2008 Subsurface-date(s) Auuust 2006; July-August 2008 Testing: shovel X coring~ other __ unit size 40em dia. xt0cm deep Excavation: unit size lxl meter no. ofanits 100 Investigator David J. Bemstein, Ph.D. and Daria E. Merwin, M.A. no. of units 27 Manuscript or published report(s) (reference fully): DJ Bemstein, DE Merwin, MS Tweedie (2009): A Stage 3 Archaeological Data Recovery for the Skunk Lane Prehistoric Site, Skunk Lane Trust Property, Peconic, Town of Southold, Suffolk County, New York. Institute for Long Island Archaeology, SUNY Stony Brook. DJ Bemstein and DE Merwin (2006): A Stage 2 Archaeological Evaluation for the Skunk Lane Trust Property, Peconic, Town of Southold, Suffolk County, New York. Institute for Long Island Arehacology, SUNY Stony Brook. Cammisa, AG, F Cammisa, and A Padilla (2005): Phase IArchaeologicallnvestigationfor the ProposedSkunk Lane Subdivision, Peconic, Town of Southold Suffolk County, New York. Tracker Archaeology Services, Monroe, New York. Present repository of materials Institute for Long Island Archaeology, SUNY-Stonv Brook Component (s) (cultural affiliation/dates): prehistoric; major site occupation dates to Late Woodland period two radiocarbon dates: wood charcoal sample from Feature 5 (in lxl meter unit N3 IAV15) yielded an AMS date of 330~:40 B.P. (cal 2o A.D. 1450-1650), and shell from the top of Feature 8 in lxl meter unit N24/W14 dates to 1150~-130 B.P: (cal2o A.D. 1000 to 1450; with an ~ntemept at A.D: 1270) sporadic earlier habitation suggested by a few Brewerton, Orient fishtail, and Rossvilte projectile points List of material remains (be as specific as possible in identifying object and material): A total of g324 prehistoric artifacts was recovered during the Stage 2 and Stage 3 excavations at Skunk Lane. The assemblage is dominated by quartz flakes (5994 pieces), with smaller amounts of non-quartz flakes (e.g., chert, jasper, rhyolite, shale, and other raw materials), 1243 fire-cracked rocks, 55 quartz cores and core fragments, 34 projectile points (mostly triangular [Madison] and straight-stemmed), other stone tools (bifaces, hammerstones), 25 fragments cfa steatite vessel, and 669 small pieces of prehistoric pottery. Ten probable prehistoric features were identified, of two general types. The first are hollow forms of stained soil containing fire-cracked rocks, lithic artifacts, and sometimes charcoal. Features 5, 7, and 8 are hollow form: Feature 5 may have served as a hearth, the function of Feature 7 is unknown, and Feature 8 was likely a refuse pit. Feature 11 is pit-shaped in profile, but because it lacks clearly associated artifacts and material suitable for radiocarbon dating, its age is unknown. The second type of feature at Skunk Lane consists of artifact concentrations, typically dominated by fire-cracked rocks, and often with associated patches of stained soil. Features 1, 6, 9, 10, and 14 are small fire-cracked rack concentrations that may represent episodes of discarding heated rocks that were used for cooking. Feature 13 is composed of two nearly identical quartz anvilstones that appear to have been left in situ. Ifhistoric materials are evident, check here and fill out historic site form. X (no site form, very low density of brick, whiteware, nail, coal, and slag) Map References: Map or maps showing exact location and extent of site must accompany this form and must be identified by source and date. Keep this submission to g. Sxl 1" if possible. USGS 7.5' Minute Series Quad. Name $outhold, New York (1956) For Office Use Only--UTM Coordinates Photography (optional for environmental impact survey): Please submit a 5x7" black and white print(s) showing the current state of the site. Provide a label for the print(s) on a separate sheet, see report Her%or L APPENDIX D RADIOCARBON DATING RESULTS 146 BETR REPORT OF RADIOCARBON DATING ANALYSES Dr. David J. Bernstein Report Date: 12/I 9/2008 SUNY-Stony Brook Material Received: 12/5/2008 Sample Data Measured 13C/12C Radiocarbon Age Ratio Conventional Radiocarbon Age(*) Beta - 252888 340 +/- 40 BP SAMPLE: SKUNKLANEF5 ANALYSIS: AMS-Standard delivery MATERIAL/PRETREATMENT: (charred material): acid/alkali/acid 2 SIGMA CALIBRATION : Cai AD 1450 to 1650 (Cai BP 500 to 300) -25.9 o/oo 330 +/- 40 BP Dates are reported as RCYBP (radiocarbon years before present, "present" = AD 1950). By international convention, the modem reference standard was 95% the 14C activity of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Oxalic Acid (SRM 4990C) and calculated using the Libby 14C half-life (5568 years). Quoted errors represent 1 relative standard deviation statistics (68% probability) counting errors based on the combined measurements of the sample, background, and modem reference standards. Measured 13C/12C ratios (delta 13C) were calculated relative to the PDB-1 standard. The Conventional Radiocarbon Age represents the Measured Radiocarbon Age corrected for isotopic fractionation, calculated using the delta 13C. On rare occasion where the Conventional Radiocarbon Age was calculated using an assumed delta 13C, the ratio and the Conventional Radiocarbon Age will be followed by .... The Conventional Radiocarbon Age is not calendar calibrated. When available, the Calendar Calibrated result is calculated from the Conventional Radiocarbon Age and is listed as the "Two Sigma Calibrated Result" for each sample. CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS (Variables: CI3/C12=-25.9:lab. mult=l) Laboratory number: Conventional radiocarbon age: 2 Sigma calibrated result: (95% probability) Intercepts of radiocarbon age with calibration curve: I Sigma calibrated result: (68% probability) Beta-252888 330:t:40 BP Cai AD 1450 to 1650 (Cai BP 500 to 300) Intercept data CalAD 1520 (Cal BP 430) and Cai AD 1580 (Cal BP 370) and Cai AD 1630 (Cai BP 320) Cai AD I480 to 1640 (Cai BP 470 to310) 330± 40 BP Ch arred m aterial 360 - 340 320 300 280 260 240 220 - 200 - 180 - 1420 1440 1460 1480 1500 1520 1540 1560 1580 1600 1620 1640 CalAD R e fetch ces: Database used IN TCA L 04 Calib ratio n Data base IN TC/~ L 04 Radio ca r bo n A ge C alibr ation lntCal04: Calibration Issue of Radiocarbon (l/olume 46, m' 3, 2004). Ma th em atics 3 $implifiedApproach to Calibrating Cllt Dat~ Talma, ~. S., Yogel~ J. C., 1993, Radiocarbon 35(2}. p317-322 1660 Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory 4985 S W. 74lh Court~ Miami, Florida 33155 ' Tel: (305)667-5167 · Fax: (305)663-0964 · E-Mail: beta(~bradiocarbon com BETR REPORT OF' RADIOCARBON DATING ANALYSES Dr. David J. Bemstein Report Date: 1/26/2009 SUNY-Stony Brook Material Received: 1/14/2009 Sample Data Measured 13C/12C Conventional Radiocarbon Age Ratio Radiocarbon Age(*) Beta - 254590 100.7 +/- 0~4 pMC -27.0 o/co 101.1 +/- 0~4 pMC SAMPLE: SKUNKLNFEA5A ANALYSIS: AMS-ADVANCE delivery MATERIAL/PRETREATMENT: (charred material): acid/alkali/acid COMMENT: reported result indicates an age of post 0 BP and has been reported as a % of the modem reference standard, indicating the material was living within the last 50 years. Beta - 254591 620 +/- 50 BP SAMPLE: SKUNKLNFEAT8 ANALYSIS: Radiomstric-Advance delivery MATER1AL/PRETREATMENT: (shell): acid etch 2 SIGMA CALIBRATION : Cai AD 1000 to 1450 (Cai BP 940 to 500) +0.9 o/oo 1050 +/- 50 BP Dates are reported as RCYBP (radiocarbon years before present, "present" = AD 1950). By international convention, the modem reference standard was 95% the 14C activity of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Oxalic Acid (SRM 4990C) and calculated using the Libby 14C half-life (5568 years). Quoted errors represent 1 relative standard deviation statistics (68% probability) counting emors based on the combined measurements of the sample, background, and modern reference standards. Measured 13C/12C ratios (delta 13C) were calculated relative to the PDB-1 standard. The Conventional Radiocarbon Age represents the Measured Radiocarbon Age corrected for isotopic fractionation, calculated using the delta 13C. On rare occasion where the Conventional Radiocarbon Age was calculated using an assumed delta 13C, the ratio and the Conventional Radiocarbon Age will be followed by "*". The Conventional Radiocarbon Age is not calendar calibrated. When available, the Calendar Calibrated result is calculated from the Conventional Radiocarbon Age and is listed as the "Two Sigma Calibrated Result" for each sample. CALIBRATION OF RADIOCARBON AGE TO CALENDAR YEARS (Variables: C13/C12=0.9:Delta-R=-95:t:121:Glob res=-200 to 500:lab. mult=l) Laboratory number: Beta-254591 Conventional radiocarbon age: 1050:t:50 BP (1150=t:130 adjusted for local reservoir correction) 2 Sigma calibrated result: Cai AD 1000 to 1450 (Cai BP 940 to 500) (95% probability) Intercept data Intercept of tad iocarbon age with calibration curve: CaIAD 1270 (CaIBP680) 1 Sigma calibrated result: CalAD 1130to 1330 (CalBP 820 to 620) (68% probability) 1050±50 BP (11 50±1 30 adjus~d) Shell 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 - 1100 - 1000 - 900 - 800 - 700 - 600 - 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1400 1450 1500 Cai AD References: Database used M.4 RINEO 4 Calibration Database IN TC.4£ 04 Radiocarbon Age Calibration lntCal04: Calibration Issue of Radiocarbon (Volume 46, nr 3, 2004}. Ma th em atics A $implifiedApproach to Calibrating C14 Dates Talma, A. $., Vogel, J. C., 1993, Radiocarbon 35(2), p317-322 Beta Analytic Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory 4985S. IY. 74th Court, Miami, Florida33155 .Tel: (305)667-5167. Fax: (305)663-0964 . E-Mail: beta~radiocarbon.com Fi~O 22 SURVEY OF PROPERTY SITUAT£D AT PECONIC TOWN OF SOUTHOLD SUFFOLK COUNTY, NEW YORK S.C. TAX No. 1000-104-03-18.1 ' 4-0' SCALE 1 = JUNE 5, 2003 NOVEMBER 2, 2004 REVISED DECEMBER 6, 2004 RELODATED PROPOSED HOUSE JANUARY 11, 2005 RELOCATED PROPOSED DOCK FEBRUARY g, 2005 REVISED AS PER S.DD H.S, NOTICE OF INCOMPLETE APPLICATION FEBRUARY 17, 2005 REVISED SEPTIC SYSTEM & ADDED TOWN TRUSTEES CONDITIONS MARCH 30, 2005 REVISED SEPTIC SYSTEM NOTES & ADDED PROP GARAGE AREA 78,789.60 sq. ff. (TO TIE LINES) 1,809 ac. CEBTIFIED TO' BRADLEY W, KRAUSE MARY STUART KRAUSE SKUNK LANE TRUST LAND AMERICA COMMONWEALTH TITLE BANK OF AMERICA, NA, ISAOA ,, (~; iL' ,, ~ , - . u u. Ii ,: TEST HOLE DATA (TE,~Ti ~OtE DUO BY McDONALD GEOSCI£NCF ON MAY 20, 2004) gUi¢, , , -9 2009 ,,, (/ ~,,~ ; ,.? OLD CHANNP~L BOAF, D CF TRUSTEES TOV/N C -SOUT, DATE PROPOSED SEPTIC SYSTEM DETAIL SEPTIC TANK (1) LEACHING POOLS SKUNK LANE (SAY AV~VU~) 6. LOT COYERA~E flNOLUDED HOUSE & BECl~ : 4125 .. ft. BE ~0.2~ Or UPLAND VACANT THE EXISTENCE OF RtGHTS OF WAY AND/OR EASEMENTS OF RECORD, IF Nathan Taft Corwln III Land Surveyor PHONE (BS1)727-2090 Fax (631)727 1727 o FL~ 22 OLD SURVEY OF PROPERTY SJTUA TED A T P ,CONIC TOWN OF $OUTHOLD SUFFOLK COUNTY, NEW YORK S.C. TAX No. 1000-104-05-18.1 SCALE 1"=40' JUNE 5, 200.5 NOVEMBER 2, 2004 REVISED DECEMBER 6, 2004 RELOCATED PROPOSED HOUSE dANUARY 11, 2005 RELOCATED PROPOSED DOCK FEBRUARY 9, 2005 REVISED AS PER S,CD H,S NOTICE OF INCOMPLETE FEBRUARY 17, 2005 REVISED BEPTIC SYSTEM & ADDED TOWN TRUSTEES MARCH 30, 2005 REVISED SEPTIC SYSTEM NOTES & ADDED PROP DECEMBER 7, 2009 STAKE FOR SITE INSPECTION SEPTEMBER 17, 2010 REVISE PROPOSED HOUSE SEPTEMBER 22, 2010 STAKE FOR SITE INSPECTION AREA 78,789.60 sq. fl, (TO TIE LINES) 1.809 0¢. TEST HOLE DATA (TEST HOLE DUG BY j~cDONALO OEOSCIENCE ON MAY 20, 2004) APPLICATION CONDITIONS GARAGE APPROVED BOARD OF T TOWN OF SOUTHOLg CHANNEL DRAINAGE SYSTEM CALCUIMTIONS' ROOF AREA: 1,980 sq. fl, 1,980 sq, ff. X 0,17 = 357 cu, fl, 337 cu. ff. / 42.2 = 8 ve~lcal ft. of §' dia. leaching pool required PROVIDE (3) 8' dia, X 5' high STORM BRAIN POOLS SKUNk< LANE AVENUE) VACANT PREPARED IN ACCORDANCE WITH FOR SUCH USE BY THE TITLE ASSOCIATION EXISTING CONTOUR LINES ARE SHOWN THUS: .... 5 ..... 2, FLOOD ZONE INFORMATION TAKEN FROM: FLOOD INSURANCE RATE MAP ND. 36103C0164 G THE EXISTENCE OF RIGHTS OF WAY AND/OR EASEMENTS OF RECORD, IF ANY, NOT SHOWN ARE NOT GUARANTEED, Nathan Taft Corwln III Land Surveyor PHONE (651)727-2090 Fax (631)727 1727 MA/LING ADDRESS 23-2111