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Home My WebLink AboutThe Journey to Work to Major Employment Centers 1984 TItE JOURNEV TO WORK TO MAJOR EMPLOVMENT CENTER~ -198.4 _~p..'"C -- ,-<,-.-~ . --/---~/ LONG ISLAND REGIONAL PLANNING BOARD THE JOURNEY TO WORK TO MAJOR EMPLOYMENT CENTERS Nassau-Suffolk SMSA October 1984 Long Island Regional Planning Board H. Lee Dennison Bldg. Hauppuage, L.I., N.Y. 11788 I I I The preparation of this report has been financed in part through funds from the U.S. Depart- ment of Transportation, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, under the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964, as amended, and the Long Island Regional Planning Board. This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the in- terest of information exchange. The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the Urban Mass Transportation Administration. The report does not consitute a specification or regulation. Contract No. 0000676 PT 3405 801 NY-09-0095 LONG ISLAND REGIONAL PLANNING BOARD Edward Cook Chairman John J. Hart Vice Chairman Patrick F. Caputo Paul Fitzpatrick John Wickham John W. Wydler Lee E. Koppelman Executive Director NASSAU COUNTY SUFFOLK COUNTY EX OFFICIO Ludwig Hasl Commissioner Department of Public Works A. Sa rton Cass Commissioner Department of Public Works Peter 1. King Comptroller Joseph Caputo Comptroller ADVISORY Honorable Francis T. Purcell County Executive Honorable Peter F. Cohalan County Executive Honorable Thomas S. Gulotta Presiding Supervisor County Board of Supervisors Honorable Lou Howard Presiding Officer County Legislature COUNTY COORDINATION Herbert Libert Arthur Kunz ii I I I ", PARTICIPATING STAFF Assistant Director of Planning Arthur H. Kunz Chief Economist Pearl Kamer Pianner Roy Fedelem Grant Coordinator James Finkle Cartography- Book Preparation Anthony Tucci-Cartographer Carl Lind ~ .1 ! r I Word Processor Penny Kohler Secretarial Paula Davantzis Accounting Lucille Gardella Nassau County Department of Pianning- Division of Transportation John W. Follis Suffolk County Department of Pianning- Division of Transportation Gerald Cronin iii Cred it s Introduction , .~ .1: , , The information in the report was developed with funding from the Urban Mass Transportation Agency Section 8 program. The grant to the L1RPB was obtained through the cooperation of the Transportation Divisions of both the Nassau County and Suffoik County Planning Departments. The New York Metropolitan Transportation Council (NYMTC) supplied ali the basic statistics from the 1980 Urban Transportation Planning Package (UTPP), developed by the U.S. Department of Transportation and the Bureau of the Census. The data in this report is designed to supplement 3 previous reports done by the L1RPB that relate to employment and eco. nomic deveiopment. The first report, Industrial Location Analyses was completed in 1980, the second, Commercial Development Analyses was rei eased in 1982, and the third report, Labor Force and Jobs Analyses was finished in 1983. In addition, this report updates a series of reports on local and in- terregional work trips that were produced by the Regional Plan- ning Board following the 1970 census. The ties to N.Y. City relative to jobs and modes of travel, plus the employment patterns and journey to work on Long Island are designed to be used by public officials and transportation agen- cies to establish capital funding priorities to facilitate access to the work sites in the N.Y. metropolitan area. The data in this report summarizes the highlights of the journey to work. More detailed statistics are available for special studies. ( j " Iv ~ ~ I f TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. AN ECONOMIC PROFILE OF COMMUTER LINKAGES BETWEEN NASSAU.SUFFOLK AN D NEW YORK CITY .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 An Economic Profile of Commuter Linkages Between Nassau-Suffolk and New York City. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 An Economic Profile of Commuter Linkages Between New York City to Nassau-Suffolk ............. 12 Summary and Implications for Public Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 CHAPTER 2. THE SPATIAL DIMENSIONS OF COMMUTER LINKAGES BETWEEN NASSAU-SUFFOLK AND NEW YORK CITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 The Spatial Pattern of Worktrips From Nassau-Suffolk to New York City. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 A Case Study of Worktrips From Nassau-Suffolk Into the Midtown Manhattan Central Business District. 23 A Case Study of Worktrips From Nassau-Suffolk Into the Downtown Manhattan Central Business District . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 A Case Study of Worktrips From Nassau-Suffolk to John F. Kennedy International Airport. ..........35 The Spatial Pattern of Worktrips From New York City to Nassau-Suffolk. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 Implications For Public Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 ~ ~ ~ CHAPTER 3. CONCENTRATION OF EMPLOYMENT ANAL YSIS.METHODOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43 Job Growth in Major Employment Centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 Industry of Employment in Major Employment Centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 Mode ofTravel to Employment Centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52 Carpooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 TraveiTimetoWork-Residents. ...................................................... .55 Travel Time to Work-Employment Centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57 Traffic Patterns and Type of Jobs in Major Employment Centers. . . . .59 Employment Centers and Localized Work Force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 Major Employment Centers-Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 1 . Garden City Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61 2. Hlcksvilie-Jericho . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 3. Melville. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 4. Farmingdale Area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 5. Lake Success-New Hyde Park Area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 6. Syosset-Woodbury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62 7. Hauppauge. .63 8. Westbury Area ................................................................ .63 9. Bethpage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 10. Brentwood-Centrallslip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 11. Bay Shore Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63 12. Huntington Area. . . . . .64 13. Mineola. . . . . .. 64 v 14. Five-Towns. 15. Great Neck Area. 16. Valley Stream Area. 17. Plainview 18. Hempstead. 19. Amityville Area. . 20. Babylon Area 21. Bohemia-Ronkonkoma . 22. Patchogue Area . 23. Freeport. 24. Manhasset Area. 25. Deer Park. 26. Glen Cove. 27. East Meadow Area. 28. Rockville Centre. 29. Port Jefferson Area. 30. Oceanside 31. Port Washington Area. . 32. Stony Brook Future Job Grow1h . . ... .64 . .64 . .64 . .64 . . .65 . .65 . . .65 . .65 . .65 .65 . .65 .. .66 . .66 ... .66 .. .66 .66 . . . .66 . . .66 . . .67 . .67 I j j I j TABLE OF CONTENTS CONCLUSION RECOMMENDATIONS APPENDIX . .69 . . .70 . .117 J j ~ vi Table No. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 I 1.8 r 1.9 ~ ~ 1.10 I 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 ~ 2.10 2.11 i I LIST OF TABLES Title Page Earnings By Place of Origin For Nassau-Suffolk Residents, 1969, 1979. The Median Income of Nassau-Suffolk Resident, 1979, By Place of Employment . Income Distribution For Nassau-Suffolk Residents, 1979, By Piace of Work. Place of Work of Nassau-Suffolk Residents, By Occupation, 1980. Comparison of 1970 and 1980 Commuter Flows to New York City, By Occupation. Place of Work of Nassau-Suffolk Residents, 1980, By Industry of Employment. Comparison of 1970 and 1980 Commuter Flows to New York City, By Industry of Employment The Income Distribution of Cross-Commuters Between New York City, and Nassau-Suffolk, 1979 . Occupational Mix of Cross-Commuters Between Nassau-Suffolk and New York City, 1980 . Industry of Employment of Cross-Commuters Between Nassau-Suffolk and New York City, 1980.. .2 .4 . . .4 .6 .8 .9 .11 . . . . . .12 .14 . . . . . . .16 Destinations of Nassau-Suffolk Residents Employed in Manhattan, Queens and Brooklyn, By County of Origin and ModeofTravel, 1970, 1980. ...... .21,22 Number of Nassau-Suffolk Worktrips to Selected Midtown Manhattan Census Tracts, 1970, 1980 (Higher Concentrations of Worktrips) . . . .28 Number of Nassau-Suffolk Worktrips to Selected Midtown Manhattan Census Tracts, 1970, 1980 (Lowed Concentrations of Worktrips) . . . . .28. City and Town of Origin For Bi-County Worktrips Into the Midtown Area . . . . . . . . .29 Number and Percent of Rail to Auto Trips For Worktrips to Selected Midtown Manhattan Census Tracts, 1980 . . . . . .29 Number of Nassau-Suffolk Worktrips Terminating In Selected Downtown Manhattan Census Tracts, 1980 . . .32 City and Town of Origin For Bi-County Worktrips Into the Downtown ManhattanCBD,1980. 32 Number and Percent of Rail-To-Auto Trips For Worktrips to Selected Downtown Manhattan Census Tracts. 1980 . 32 Number and Percent of Rail-To-Auto Trips For Worktrips to Selected Downtown Manhattan Census Tracts, 1980 . .35 Town and Origin For Bi-County Worktrips to Kennedy Airport, 1980 . . . . . . . . .35 Destinations of Manhattan, Queens and Brooklyn Residents Employed in Nassau-Suffolk By Zone of Origin and Mode of Travel, 1970, 1980 39, 40 vii LIST OF TABLES Table No. Title Page 3.1 Job Growth (1970.1980) in Major Employment Centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 3.2 Major Employment Centers With Highest Percentage of Industrial Jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 3.3 Major Employment Areas With Highest Number of Industrial Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48 3.4 Major Employment Centers With Highest Percentage of Retail Jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 3.5 Major Employment Centers With Highest Number of Retail Jobs. . .49 3.6 Major Employment Centers With Highest Percentage of Finance/ Business/ Professional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 3.7 Major Employment Centers With Highest Number of Finance/Business/Professional. . . . . . . .50 3.8 Major Employment Centers With Highest Percentage of Public Administration Jobs .........50 3.9 Major Employment Centers With Highest Percentage of Transportation/ Public Utilities Jobs. ............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 3.10 Major Employment Centers With Highest Percentage of Construction Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51 3.11 WorkersByModeofTraveltoPlaceofWork-1980.................................. .53 3.12 Mode ofTravelto Work-1980 ......................................... .54 3.13 Carpooling by Race by Median Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 3.14 1980 Census-Workers 16 Years and Over Who Did Not Work At Home By Travel TI~~~~. ............~ 3.15 Twenty Communities With Highest Percent of Workers 16+ Who Travel More Than Sixty Minutes to Work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57 3.16 Longest Auto Travel Time to Work-1980 Major Employment Centers .................... .58 3.17 ShortestAutoTraveITlmetoWork-1980MajorEmpioymentCenters................... .58 3.18 LongestTravel Time By Bus to Work At Major Employment Centers-1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58 3.19 ShortestTravelTime By Bus to Work At Major EmploymentCenters-1 980 ............... .58 3.20 Long Island Employment Centers With Highest Percentage of New York City Workers .......59 3.21 Long Island Employment Centers With Lowest Percentage of New York City Workers. . . . . . . .59 3.22 Nassau County Employment Centers With Largest Percentage of Work Force Living in Suffolk County. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 3.23 Suffolk County Employment Centers With Largest Percentage of Work Force Living In Nassau County. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60 3.24 Major Employment Centers With Largest Local Work Force, 1980 . . . . . .61 I I I I 1 J l viii Figure No. LIST OF FIGURES Title Page 1.1 Earnings By Place of Origin, 1979, Nassau-Suffolk Residents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 1.2 Median Income of Nassau-Suffolk Resident, 1979, By Place of Employment ..............5 1.3 Proportion of Nassau-Suffolk Residents Employed in New York City, By Occupation, 1980 . . .6 1.4 Proportion of Nassau-Suffolk Residents Employed in New York City, By Industry, 1980 . . . . .10 1.5 The Income Distribution of Cross-Commuters Between New York City and Nassau-Suffolk. . 13 1.6 The Occupational Mix of Cross-Commuters Between Nassau-Suffolk and New York City, 1980. ..... .15 1.7 Industry of Employment of Cross-Commuters Between Nassau-Suffolk and New York City, 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.1 2.2A 2.2B 2.3A 2.3B 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 3.1 r 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 ~ The Destination of Nassau-Suffolk Residents Employed in Manhattan, Queens, and Brooklyn, 1970, 1980, By Mode of Travel. . . .20 Town of Origin of Nassau-Suffolk Residents Employed in Manhattan, Queens, and Brooklyn, 1970, 1980, By Mode of Travel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 Destinations of Nassau-Suffolk Residents Employed in Manhattan, Queens, and Brooklyn, By Mode of Travel, 1970, 1980 . . .25 Town of Destination of Manhattan, Queens, and Brooklyn Residents Employed in Nassau-Suffolk, 1970, 1980 . . . . . . . .26 Manhattan, Queens, and Brooklyn Residents Employed in Nassau-Suffolk By Zone of Origin and Mode ofTravel, 1970, 1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 The Origins of Manhattan, Queens and Brooklyn Residents Employed in Nassau-Suffolk, 1970,1980, By Mode of Travel. . . .30 Number of Nassau-Suffolk Worktrips Into the Midtown Manhattan CBD, By Census Tract, 1970, 1980 . . . .31 Mode ofTravel For Worktrips Into the Midtown Manhattan CBD, By Census Tract, 1970 . . . .33 Mode of Travel For Worktrips Into the Midtown Manhattan CBD, By Census Tract, 1980 . . . .34 Net Change in Number of Autol Rail Trips Into the Midtown Manhattan CBD, 1970, 1980 . . . .37 Number of Nassau-Suffolk Worktrips Into the Downtown Manhattan CBD, By Census Tract, 1980. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Mode ofTravel For Worktrips Into the Downtown Manhattan CBD, By Census Tract, 1980 ..41 32 Major Employment Centers. Garden City Area Employment Center Hicksville-Jericho Employment Center. Melville Employment Center. Farmingdale Area Employment Center. . .46,47 . . . . . . . . .72,73 . .74,75 ..76,77 .78,79 ix Figure No. 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 3.26 3.27 3.28 3.29 3.30 3.31 3.32 3.33 LIST OF FIGURES TItle Page Lake Success-New Hyde Park Area Employment Center. Syosset-Woodbury Employment Center. Hauppauge Employment Center. Westbury Area Employment Center. Bethpage Employment Center . . Brentwood-Centrallslip Employment Center. Bay Shore Area Employment Center Huntington Area Employment Center. Mineola Employment Center Five Towns Employment Center. Great Neck Area Employment Center Valley Stream Area Employment Center Plainview Employment Center Hempstead Employment Center Amityville Area Employment Center. Babylon Area Employment Center . Bohemia-Ronkonkoma Employment Center. Patchogue Area Employment Center. Freeport Employment Center. . Manhasset Area Employment Center. Deer Park Employment Center. Glen Cove Employment Center. East Meadow Area Employment Center. Rockville Centre Employment Center. Port Jefferson Area Employment Center Oceanside Employment Center . Port Washington Area Employment Center Stony Brook Employment Center . 80,81 82,83 84,85 . . . . . .87 . . . .88,89 . .90,91 . .92 . . . . . . . . . . . .93 .94 .95 .96 . .97 . .98,99 . . .100 101 102 103 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104,105 106 . . . . . . .107 ..... .108 .. .109 . .110 ............. .111 .112 .113 . . .114 .115 1 x ~ Table No. 1.1A 1.1B 1.2A ~ 1.2B 1.3A 1.3B 1.4A 1.4B 1.5 APPENDIX TABLES Title Page Calculation of Income Flows, By Place of Work, 1979, The Nassau County Resident Labor Force . 118 Calculation of Income Flows, By Place of Work, 1969, The Nassau County Resident Labor Force . . .119 Calculation of Income Flows, By Place of Work, 1979, The Suffolk County Resident Labor Force . . 120 Calculation of Income Flows, By Place of Work, 1979, The Suffolk County Resident Labor Force 121 Place of Work of Nassau Residents, By Occupation, 1970 and 1980 (Percents) . . 122 Place of Work of Suffolk Residents, By Occupation, 1970 and 1980 (Percents) . . . . . . . . . . . . .123 Place of Work of Nassau Residents, By Industry of Employment, 1970 and 1980 (Percents). . . 124 Place of Work of Nassau Residents, By Industry of Employment, 1970 and 1980 (Percents). . 125 A Profile of Reverse Commuters From New York City to Nassau-Suffolk By Earnings, Occupation and Industry of Empioyment, 1970 and 1980 (Percents) . . . . . . . 126 2.1 A Destinations of Nassau-Suffolk Residents Employed in Manhattan, Queens and Brooklyn, 1980, By Town of Origin . .128 2.1 B Destinations of Nassau-Suffolk Residents Employed in Manhattan, Queens and Brooklyn, 1976, By Town of Origin . . . . . .129 2.2A Mode of Travel of Nassau-Suffolk Residents Employed in Manhattan, Queens and Brooklyn, 1980, By Town of Origin (No. ofTrips). . . .130 2.2B Mode of Travel of Nassau-Suffoik Residents Employed in Manhattan, Queens and Brooklyn, 1970, By Town of Origin (No. ofTrips). . .131 2.3A Origin of Manhattan, Queens and Brooklyn Residents Employed in Nassau-Suffolk, 1980, By Town of Destination. . .132 2.3B Origin of Manhattan, Queens and Brooklyn Residents Employed in Nassau-Suffolk, 1970, By Town of Destination. 133 2.4A Mode of Travel of Manhattan, Queens and Brooklyn Residents Employed in Nassau-Suffolk, 1980, By Selected Towns of Destination (No. ofTrips) . . . . . 134 2.4B Mode of Travel of Manhattan, Queens and Brooklyn Residents Employed in Nassau-Suffolk, 1970, By Selected Towns of Destination (No. of Trips) . . . 135 I , l I I I I I I ~, 3.1 Persons Working in Employment Centers By Industry of Employment-1980 137 3.2 1980 Census-Workers 16 Years And Over Who Did Not Work At Home By Travel Time to Work .... .138-144 xi APPENDIX TABLES Table No. Title Page 3.3 Workers By Residence By Mode ofTravel to the Amityville Area-1980. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 3.3 Workers By Residence By Mode ofTravel to the Babylon Area-1980 . . . . . . . . . 145 3.3 Workers By Residence By Mode ofTravel to the Bayshore Area-1980 . . . . . 146 3.3 Workers By Residence By Mode of Travel to the Bethpage Area -1980. . . . . . . . 146 3.3 Workers By Residence By Mode ofTravel to the Bohemia-Ronkonkoma Area-1980 . . . . . . . .147 3.3 Workers By Residence By Mode ofTravel to Brentwood-Centrallslip-1980 . . . . . . . . . 147 3.3 Workers By Residence By Mode ofTravel to the Deer Park Area-1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 3.3 Workers By Residence By Mode of Travel to the East Meadow Area-1980. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148 3.3 WorkersBy Residence By Mode of Travel to the Farmingdale Area -1980 . . . . . 149 3.3 Workers By Residence By Mode ofTravel to Five Towns-1980 . . . . .149 3.3 Workers By Residence By ModeofTravelto Freeport-1980. ............... .150 3.3 Workers By Residence By Mode ofTravel to the Garden City Area-1980. ............... 150 3.3 Workers By Residence By ModeofTravel to Glen Cove-1980 . . . . . .151 3.3 Workers By Residence By Mode ofTravel to the Great Neck Area-1980 . .151 3.3 Workers By Residence By ModeofTravelto Hauppauge-1980 ....................... .152 3.3 Workers By Residence By ModeofTravel to the Hempstead Area-1980 . . . . . . . . . .152 3.3 Workers By Residence By Mode ofTravel to Hicksville-Jericho-1980 . . . . . . . . . . .153 3.3 Workers By Residence By Mode ofTravel to the Huntington Area-1980 . . . . . . . . .153 3.3 Workers By Residence By Mode ofT ravel to the Lake Success-N.H.P. Area-1980 . . . . . . . . .154 3.3 Workers By Residence By Mode ofTravel to the Manhasset Area-1980 .154 3.3 Workers By Residence By Mode of Travel to Melville-1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155 3.3 Workers By Residence By Mode ofTravel to Mineola-1980 . .155 3.3 Workers By Residence By Mode of Travel to Oceanside-1980 . . . . . 156 3.3 Workers By Residence By Mode ofTravel to the Patchogue Area-1980 . ...............156 3.3 Workers By Residence By Mode ofTravel to Plainview-1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 3.3 Workers By Residence By Mode ofTravel to the Port Jefferson Area-1980 . . 157 3.3 Workers By Residence By Mode ofTravel to the Port Washington Area-1980 . . 158 3.3 Workers By Residence By Mode ofTravel to Rockville Centre-1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 3.3 Workers By Residence By Mode of Travel to Stony Brook -1980 . . . . . . . 159 3.3 Workers By Residence By Mode of Travel to Syosset-Woodbury-1980 . . . . . . 159 3.3 Workers By Residence By Mode ofTravel to the Valley Stream Area-1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 3.3 Workers By Residence By Mode ofTravei to the Westbury Area-1980. . . . . . .160 3.4 Long Island Residents Age 16 And Over By Place of Work-1970 and 1980, Place of Residence. . . 161 3.5 Persons Age 16 and Over Working On Long Island By Place of Residence-1970 and 1980, Place of Work . ...... .162 xii , ~ , j I j I I 1 ~ l r I Exec utive I I ~ ~ ~ ~ If Summary xiii . There was 34 % increase in the number of Long Island residents who worked on Long Island between 1970 and 1980 compared to a 19% growth of local residents who worked in New York City. . Sixty-two percent of Nassau workers were employed on Long Island and 79% of Suffolk workers were employed on Long Island. However, only 45% of the aggregate earnings of Nassau residents and 67 % of the aggregate earnings of Suffolk residents are obtained from these local jobs. . Thirty-two percent of Nassau workers and 14% of Suffolk workers commuted to New York City in 1980. Ten years earlier 31 % of Nassau workers and 15% of Suffoik work- ers commuted to the City. . Commuter flows to New York City were dominated by pro- fessionais, technicians, managerial and administrative workers. . In 1980, 64,175 New York City residents commuted to jobs on Long Island, which represents a slight decline from a decade earlier. . Nassau-Suffolk exported workers with relatively high pay- ing occupational skills to New York City, while importing workers with iower occupational skills. . Sixty.three percent of bi-county commuters to Manhattan used rail in 1980. In 1970, 61 % used rail to Manhattan. . Almost 75 % of the Nassau/Suffolk residents commuting to Manhattan worked between 34th and 59th streets or below Canal Street. This former area experienced a 24 % in. crease of Long Island commuters in the last decade and the latter area, a gain of 9 %. . Thirty.nine percent of the Long Island residents commuting to Queens in 1980 were attracted to the vicinity of the two ai rports. . Even though more than 22,000 Long Island residents listed their car as the principal mode of travel to midtown Manhat- tan, there were absolute increases in rail commuters, es- pecially within walking distance of Penn Station. . Future demand for labor force on Long Island could cause a decrease in out commutation and need to import workers from New York City. . There are thirty-two areas in Nassau/Suffolk with over 10,000 jobs. Three quarters of the growth of jobs in the last decade occurred in these areas. . Melville had the largest job growth in number and percent. The Garden City area has the largest concentration of jobs, over 36,000. . Ninety-percent of the work trips to Long Island employment centers is by automobile. Less than 1 % of the workers in Nassau/Suffoik used the railroad to reach their place of work and less than 3 % used a bus. . Carpooling using cars, trucks and vans accounts for almost 18% of the mode of travel to work by Long Island residents. . Long Island region tends to have higher travel time to work than all parts of the state outside of New York City. xiv . The predominant travel pattern to work almost everywhere on Long Island is from east to west. Most workers tend to live east of their place of employment. . The major employment areas in 1980 should account for at least 3/4 of all jobs in 1990 which may increase mass tran- sit use in the more concentrated employment pattern. . Shorter work trips in the future because of local employ- ment may contract the peak hour period but increase vol- ume per hour on major roadways. . Railroad improvements such as a third main line track are necessary to improve rail service and create a real possi- bility of reverse commutation to large local employment centers. . Highway improvements should be tied more closely to the employment centers that are expected to have the greatest growth in the next decade since the automobile will stiil be the most significant mode of travel for the journey to work. This chapter analyzes the economic dimensions of commuter relationships between Nassau-Suffolk and New York City and between Nassau and Suffolk Counties. Its purpose is to develop a more precise understanding of the economic linkages between suburban Nassau-Suffolk and the New York City labor market. The analysis utilizes journey-to-work information from the 1970 and 1980 decennial censuses. Chapter I.. . . An Economic Profile of Commuters From Nassau-Suffolk to New York City Between 1970 and 1980, Nassau and Suffolk Counties gained approximately 213,000 jobs. As a resuit, proportionately more of the earnings of Nassau-Suffolk residents were generated on Long Island in 1980 then in 1970. The earnings in this chapter are the sum of wage or salary income or self-employment income for individuals. The figures are generally lower than family or household income. In 1980, 813,793 bi-county residents worked in Nassau-Suffolk and an additional 275,575 commuted to New York City jobs1. In 1970, 606,772 bi-county residents worked on Long Island and 231,182 commuted to New York City. Therefore, there was a 34 % increase in the number of Long Island residents who also worked on Long Island and only a 19% increase in the number of Long Island residents who commuted to jobs in New York City. These New York City commuters nevertheless accounted for a disproportionate share of the earnings of bi-county workers. Con- versely, although more Long Islanders were employed locally, they accounted for a relatively small share of the aggregate earnings of bi-county residents. In 1979, 62.2 % of Nassau workers were employed in Nassau- Suffolk but accounted for only 44.9% of the aggregate earnings of Nassau residents. In 1969, 56.7% of Nassau workers had been employed within the bi-county area but generated only 41.3 % of the aggregate earnings of county residents. A similar pattern emerged in Suffolk. In 1979, 79.4% of Suffolk workers were employed in Nassau-Suffolk but accounted for only 67.0% of the aggregate earnings of Suffolk residents. In 1969, 75.7% of Suffolk workers had been employed in Nassau-Suffolk but ac- counted for only 66.9% of aggregate Suffolk earnings. Although I r An Economic Profile of Commuter Linkages Between Nassau- Suffolk and New York City 1 U.S. Census, 1980-Journey to Work Tape the proportion of Suffolk earnings originating on Long Island was almost unchanged between 1969 and 1979, the proportion earned in Suffolk rose from 47.9% to 49.8% while the proportion earned in Nassau declined from 19.0% to 17.2%. This reflects the growth of Suffolk's job base during the 1970s. Proportionately more Suffolk than Nassau residents- 75. 7 % versus 62.2 %- worked on Long Island in 1980. This reflects the added distance and cost of commuting from Suffolk to New York City. New York City jObs still account for a disproportionate share of the earnings of Nassau-Suffolk workers. In 1979, 32.2% of Nassau workers commuted to jobs located in New York City. They accounted for 41.8% of the aggregate earnings of Nassau residents. Some 13.9% of Suffolk workers commuted to New York City jobs and generated 19.6% of the aggregate earnings of Suffolk residents. Aithough the proportion of Nassau workers employed in New York City increased slightly from 31.1 % to TABLE 1.1 Earnings by Place of Origin For Nassau.Suffolk Residents, 1969, 1979 1. Nassau Residents Persons at Work' Employed in: Nassau (IF) (%) Suffolk (IF) (%) N.Y.C. (IF) (%) 1969 1979 I Aggregate Persons Aggregate 558,931 Earnings $5,729,509,300 at Work' 623,244 Earnings $12,073,326,627 ~ Generated in: Employed in: Generated in: 295,339 Nassau ($) 2,160,888,500 Nassau (IF) 353,626 Nassau ($) 4,813,032,000 52.8 (%) 37.7 (%) 56.7 (%) 39.9 22,076 Suffolk ($) 208,621,500 Suffolk (IF) 34,116 Suffolk ($) 605,137,000 I 3.9 (%) 3.6 (%) 5.5 (%) 5.0 173,682 N.Y.C. ($) 2,442,685,000 N.Y.C. (IF) 200,819 N.Y.C. ($) 5,045,193,000 ! 31.1 (%) 42.6 (%) 32.2 (%) 41.8 2. Suffolk Residents 1969 1979 Persons Aggregate Persons Aggregate at Work' 382,492 Earnings $3,286,198,0008t Wor!<' 536,702 Earnings $9,133,615,966 Employed in: Generated in: Employed in: Generated in: Suffolk (IF) 229,368 Suffolk ($) 1,575,605,500 Suffolk (IF) 342,401 Suffolk ($) 4,547,232,000 (%) 60.0 (%) 47.9 (%) 63.8 (%) 49.8 Nassau (IF) 59,989 Nassau ($) 625,470,500 Nassau (IF) 83,650 Nassau ($) 1,575,200,000 (%) 15.7 (%) 19.0 (%) 15.6 (%) 17.2 N.Y.C. (IF) 57,500 N.Y.C. ($) 724,983,500 N.Y.C. (IF) 74,756 N.Y.C. ($) 1,791,411,000 (%) 15.0 (%) 22.1 (%) 13.9 (%) 19.6 I I , ~ I I 1 1< Note: Refers to Persons at work who have some earnings or who reported a net earnings loss. Excludes unpaid family workers. Source: lIRPB based on census income distribution. The methodology underlying the earnings calculations is shown in Appendix Tables 1.1 and 1.2. 2 '" .. '" ~CIl .... Zz aUl -0 a:_ OCll Ul LLa: """:o~ ~Ul-' ';'00 "- <( LL LL-'LL 0..::> >-CIl 1O~ CIl<( ('?CIl ZCll -<( Zz a: <( Ul ~-- ~" --- '" - c: Q) "0 "iij Q) a: "'" :E '5 CIl '" '" - c: Q) "0 "iij Q) a: ::l ., '" '" ., z .. '" .. c: ~ ~ - '0 i ! dl en :::) ! - e g .. iii "D <: o j ~ a: ::i 0; S '" <B - 32.2% between 1970 and 1980, their share of aggregate earn- ings declined from 42.6% to 41.8%. This probably reflects the growing service orientation of New York City's economy. In general, service jobs pay less than manufacturing jobs. The figures imply that many of the higher-paying jobs are still found in New York City. This is confirmed by the median earnings statistics for commuters. In 1979, Nassau workers employed in Nassau had a median earnings of $10,162 as compared with $14,386 for those employed in Suffolk and $21,524 for those employed in Manhattan. Suffolk residents employed in Suffolk had a median earnings of $10,384 as compared with $16,517 for those employed in Nassau and $21,717 for those employed in Manhattan. Therefore, the median earnings of Nassau-Suffolk residents employed in Manhattan was more than double that of those who worked within their respective home counties. The relatively long commute to a New York City job is apparently justified by its higher salary. Another means of evaluating the economic impact of commu- tation to New York City is to compare the earnings distribution for those who live and work on Long Island with that for those who live on Long Island but work in New York City. Of those who lived and worked in Nassau County, only 20.7% had earnings of $20,000 or more in 1979. However, of those who lived in Nassau and worked in New York City, 54.2% reported earnings of $20,000 or more. Oniy 20.7% of those who lived and worked in Suffolk had earnings of $20,000 or more as compared with 57.8% of those Suffolk residents who commuted to New York City jobs. The occupationai mix of New York City-bound commuters helps to explain their relatively high incomes. Whereas 32.2% of Nassau's workforce commuted to New York City jobs, 50.3% of all Nassau executives and administrators worked in New York City. Whereas 13.9% of Suffolk's workforce commuted to New York City jobs, 23.8% of Suffolk's managers and executives were employed in New York City. Executive and administrative skills are associated with a relatively high level of compensation. TABLE 1_3 I I I I ~ TABLE 1.2 Income Distribution for Nassau-Suffolk Residents, 1979 By Place of Work The Median Income of Nassau-Suffolk Residents, 1979 By Place of Employment Income Lived in Nassau Lived In Nassau Lived in Suffolk Lived In Suffolk l Class Worked In Nassau Worked in N.Y.C. Worked in Suffolk Worked in N.Y.C. , $1-$2,999 or Loss 16.6% 3.7% 16.0% 3.5% I $3,000-$4,999 10.3 3.1 9.5 2.3 I $5,000-$7,999 13.7 5.0 13.8 3.7 I $8,000-$9,999 8.5 3.8 8.7 3.4 1 $10,000-$14,999 18.1 13.9 18.5 11.5 $15,000-$19,999 12.1 16.3 12.8 17.8 $20,000-$24,999 8.4 18.3 9.1 22.3 $25,000-$34,999 7.5 19.0 8.0 23.1 1 $35,000-$49,999 2.5 8.5 2.3 7.9 , I $50,000 or more 2.3 8.4 1.3 4.5 Total (%) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total <If) 353,626 200,819 342,401 74,756 Source: L1RPB computations based on Census data. 4 Place of Nassau Suffolk Employment Residents Residents Nassau $10,162 $16,517 Suffolk 14,386 10,384 New York City: New York 21,524 21,717 Kings 21,000 20,882 Queens 20,136 21,387 Bronx 20,707 20,354 Richmond 18,949 22,724 Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census , I I t I Fig. 1.2 MEDIAN INCOME OF NASSAU-SUFFOLK RESIDENTS, 1979 BY PLACE OF EMPLOYMENT Nassau Residents Employed In: I l I I ~ l r ~ , , 20 15 10 5 Nassau Suffolk Manhattan o Source: LIRPB based on data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census 5 Suffolk Residents Employed In: o 10 15 20 5 Executive- Administrative Professional Specialty Technicians Sales Administrative Support (clerical) Service Occupations Precision Products Operatives Laborers Fig. 1.3 PROPORTION OF NASSAU-SUFFOLK RESIDENTS EMPLOYED IN NEW YORK CITY, BY OCCUPATION, 1980 I 1 j 1 , , I 10 20 40 50 60 30 Source: L1RPB based on data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census 6 ~, TABLE 1.4 Place or Work of Nassau.Suffolk Residents, by Occupation, 1980 Nassau Residents Suffolk Residents Percent Employed in Percent Employed in Occupation Total Nassau Suffolk N.Y.C. Total Suffolk Nassau N.Y.C. Executive, Administrative 92,819 39.9 5.7 50.3 61,438 52.9 20.5 23.8 Professional Specialty 95,692 55.7 6.7 34.3 77,187 69.2 17.5 10.8 Technicians 14,665 54.5 7.2 35.9 16,780 62.0 19.1 14.7 Sales 81,229 60.9 4.2 31.3 57,846 70.3 15.0 12.4 Administrative Support 136,269 65.4 5.4 26.6 99,270 68.7 14.5 12.2 ~ Service Occupations 70,049 71.3 3.0 22.2 71,419 72.1 10.4 12.2 Farming, Forestry, Fishing 4,841 84.7 5.2 7.9 7,350 78.8 8.6 3.3 Precision Products 65,859 51.0 6.3 38.6 72,511 58.8 18.8 17.4 Operatives, laborers 63,857 63.8 7.5 25.1 74,750 66.9 14.7 12.7 - - - - - - Total 625,280 56.7 5.5 32.2 538,551 63.8 15.6 13.9 Note: These figures exceed persons at work in Table 1 because workers without earnings were deleted from Table 1. A number of other occupational groups were also character- ized by a relatively high level of commutation to New York City. For example, 38.6% of Nassau's skilled craft workers-called precision products workers-were employed in New York City in 1980. By contrast, two-thirds of those Nassau-Suffolk workers who were employed as operatives and laborers, which are gen- erally unskilled occupations, worked within their respective home counties. Approximately 70 % of those in the service oc- cupations also worked within their respective home counties. Changes in census occupational categories between 1970 and 1980 make it difficult to compare commuter flows by oc- cupation. Nevertheless, it is apparent that in both years, com- muter flows to New York City were dominated by professionals, technicians, managerial and administrative workers. Workers in these occupational categories accounted for 42.8% of Nassau commuters to New York City in 1970 and for 41.6% of the total in 1980. They accounted for 32.9% of Suffolk commuters to New York City in 1970 and for 33.6% of the total in 1980. Lower-paid occupational groups such as service workers, operalives and laborers accounted for a relatively small proportion of bi-county commutation to New York City in both years. ~ 7 1 TABLE 1.5 Comparison of 1970 and 1980 Commuter Flows to New York City, by Occupation Percent Distribution For Percent Distribution For Nassau Suffolk Nassau Suffolk 1970 Commuters Commuters 1980 Commuters Commuters Occupations to N.Y.C. to N.Y.C. Occupations to N.Y.C. to N.Y.C. Professional & Technical 21.1% 17.2% Executives, Adm. 22.9% 19.3% Managers & Admin., Professional except farm 21.7 15.7 Specialty 16.1 11.0 Sales 11.7 7.7 Technicians 2.6 3.3 Clerical 15.9 14.6 Sales 12.4 9.5 Craftsmen 14.3 20.4 Administrative Operatives, Support 17.8 15.9 except transport 3.8 4.7 Service Transport Equip. Occupations 7.6 11.5 Operatives 2.9 5.0 Farming, Forestry, Laborers, except Fishing 0.2 0.3 Farm 1.7 3.0 Precision Products 12.5 16.7 Farm workers 0.1 Operative, Laborers 7.9 12.5 Service workers 6.9 11.6 - - Total (%) 100.0 100.0 Total (%) 100.0 100.0 Total (If) 173,682 57,500 Total (If) 203,834 75,758 Workers in certain industries were also more likely to work in New York City than locally. In 1980, commutation from Nassau- Suffolk to New York City was concentrated in the following in- dustries: transportation, communications and pubiic utilities, finance, insurance and real estate, and public administration (government). For example, 57.0% of Nassau workers employed in transportation, communications and public utilities worked in New York City as did 42.0% of those employed in finance, in- surance and real estate and 42.5 % of those employed in public administration. In Suffolk, 38.1 % of those employed in transpor- tation, communications and public utilities worked in New York City as did 24.3% of those in finance, insurance and real estate and 24.1 % of those in public administration. Workers in other industries, notably agriculture, forestry, fisheries, mining, retail trade and services tended to work within their home counties. In 1980, 80.6% of Nassau workers employ- ed in agriculture, forestry, fisheries or mining worked in Nassau as did 74.6 % of all retail trade workers and 76.2 % of those employed in personal, entertainment and recreational services. In Suffolk, 81.3% of those employed in agriculture and related in- dustries, 75.4% of those in retail trade and 79.0% of those in professional services also worked within Suffolk. These findings reflect the unique industry distribution of jobs within the New York Region. Well-paying communications and fi- nance jobs are located in New York City while population-serving industries like retailing and services are located in the suburbs closer to their customers. l i ~ 8 t I TABLE 1.6 Place of Work of Nassau.Suffolk Residents, 1980 l by Industry of Employment I Nassau Residents Suffolk Residents Industry of % Employed In % Employed In Employment Total Nassau Suffolk N.Y.C. Total Suffolk Nassau N.Y.C. Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries, Mining 3,998 80.6 6.5 11.6 7,142 81.3 7.9 4.5 Construction 25,889 52.9 7.5 35.0 28,071 62.7 15.9 14.5 Manufacturing 99,978 51.8 9.9 33.3 1 03,464 60.3 24.7 10.3 Transportation, Communication, Public Utilities 62,491 36.8 3.0 57.0 50,786 44.0 14.0 38.1 Wholesale Trade 38,134 47.3 7.0 38.7 25,891 55.7 21.4 17.1 Retail Trade 102,637 74.6 4.2 17.5 84,813 75.4 14.0 6.6 Finance, Insurance, Real Estate 58,463 50.1 6.0 42.1 35,940 55.5 17.4 24.3 Business & Repair Services 36,575 60.0 4.6 31.6 29,450 62.6 17.6 14.7 Personal, Entertainment & Recreational Services 24,927 76.2 2.2 18.2 16,908 69.1 15.7 9.9 Professional & Related Services 140,142 65.8 5.1 27.4 123,361 79.0 10.5 7.0 Public Administration 32,046 51.6 2.8 42.5 32,725 64.9 8.8 24.1 - - - - - - Total 625,280 56.7 5.5 32.2 538,551 63.8 15.6 13.9 Source: L1RPB computations based on data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census 9 Construction Manufacturing Transportation, Communications, Public Utilities Wholesale Trade Retail Trade Finance, Insurance, Real Estate Business & Repair Services Professional & Related Services Public Administration. Fig. 1.4 PROPORTION OF NASSAU-SUFFOLK RESIDENTS EMPLOYED IN NEW YORK CITY, BY INDUSTRY, 1980 tl ~ I 10 20 40 30 50 60 10 A comparison of 1970 and 1980 commuter flows by industry indicates that there was a decline in commutation to New York City for those employed in manufacturing. Manufacturing's share of total commutation to New York City declined from 22.3% to 16.3% for Nassau residents and from 18.7% to 14.0% for Suffolk residents. This reflects the fact that New York City iost a substantiai proportion of its manufacturing base between 1970 and 1980. By contrast, there were proportionate increases in commuter flows to Manhattan for those employed in finance, in- surance, real estate, professional services, and transportation, communications and public utilities. For example, the proportion of Nassau commuters to New York City in professional and re- lated services increased from 13.8% to 18.9%. This reflects the growth of financial and other professional serviGes within the New York City economy. ~ ~ ~ ~ I I I Industry Construction Manufacturing, Transportation Communications, P.U. Wholesale & Retail Trade Finance, Insurance, Real Estate Business & Repair Services Personal Services Professional & Related Services Public Administration All Other Industries' Total (%) Total (1/) TABLE 1.7 Comparison 011970 and 1980 Commuter Flows to New York City, By Industry 01 Employment 1970 Percent Distribution For Nassau Commuters Suffolk Commuters to N.Y.C. to N.Y.C. 1980 Percent Distribution For Nassau Commuters Suffolk Commuters to N.Y.C. to N.Y.C. 5.0 7.0 4.4 5.4 22.3 18.7 16.3 14.0 15.4 23.4 17.5 25.6 17.5 12.1 16.0 13.3 11.0 10.8 12.1 11.5 5.0 5.0 5.7 5.7 1.4 0.9 2.2 2.3 13.8 9.5 18.9 11.5 7.3 11.4 6.6 10.4 1.3 1.2 0.3 0.3 - - - - 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 173,682 57,500 203,834 75,758 * Includes agriculture, forestries, fisheries, mining Source: llRPB computations based on data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census 11 An Economic Profile of Commuters From New York City to Nassau.Suffolk This section anaiyzes the extent non-residents commute to jobs located in Nassau and Suffolk Counties. In 1980, 56,326 New York City residents commuted to jobs in Nassau County and an additional 7,849 commuted to Suffolk jobs. In 1970, approx- imately 62,000 New York City residents worked in Nassau and an additional 11 ,500 were employed in Suffoik. The slight decline in reverse-commutation to Nassau and Suffolk Counties reflects the rapid growth of finance and service jobs in New York City. Such jobs are an alternative to reverse commutation. In addition, many emerging Suffoik employment centers are not within easy commuting distance of most New York City locations. Those who reverse-commuted from New York City to Nassau- Suffolk generaily had lower earnings than those who traveled from Nassau-Suffolk to jobs in New York City. In 1979, 54.2 % of those Nassau residents who were empioyed in New York City earned $20,000 or more. By contrast, only 20.6 % of the New York City residents employed in Nassau had earnings of this magnitude. In 1979, 57.8% of Suffolk residents employed in New York City earned $20,000 or more. Only 27.8% of New York City residents employed in Suffolk reported such earnings. ~ I I I I I I TABLE 1.8 The Income Distribution of Cross.Commuters Between New York City and Nassau.Suffolk, 1979 (percents) Lived In Nassau Lived In N.Y.C. Lived In Suffolk Lived In N.Y.C. Income Class Worked In N.Y.C. Worked In Nassau Worked In N.Y.C. Worked In Suffolk $1-$2,999 or Loss 3.7% 10.3% 3.5% 8.6% $3,000-$4,999 3.1 7.5 2.3 3.7 $5,000-$7,999 5.0 13.0 3.7 8.5 $8,000-$9,999 3.8 9.4 3.4 6.1 $10,000-$14,999 13.9 22.2 11.5 24.7 $15,000-$19,999 16.3 17.0 17.8 20.6 $20,000-$24,999 18.3 9_5 22.3 11.9 $25,000-$34,999 19.0 7.3 23.1 11.5 $35,000-$49,999 8.5 2.2 7.9 2.8 $50,000 or more 8.4 1.6 4.5 1.6 Source; L1RPB based on data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census 12 Fig. 1.5 THE INCOME DISTRIBUTION OF CROSS-COMMUTERS BETWEEN NEW YORK CITY AND NASSAU-SUFFOLK, 1979 Work in New York City .~ I I Income Class $2,999 or less $3,000-$4,999 $5,000-$7,999 $8,000-$9,999 $10,000-$14,999 $15,000-$19,999 $20,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 I $35,000-$49,999 ,4.ll%' ~ $50,000 or more 20 15 10 5 o Source: LIRPB based on data from the U,S. Bureau of the Census 13 Live in New York City o 5 10 15 20 The occupational mix of cross-commuters between Nassau- Suffolk and New York City indicates that Nassau-Suffolk ex- ported workers with relatively high-paying occupational skills to New York City while importing workers with lower-paying oc- cupational skiils from New York City. The latter included operatives, laborers and service workers. In 1980, 21.9 % of those traveling from Nassau-Suffolk to New York City were ex- ecutives and administrators. Only 12.2% of those who com- muted from New York City to jobs in Nassau-Suffolk were ex- ecutives and administrators. Whereas 9.1 % of those traveling from Nassau-Suffolk to New York City were operatives and laborers, 15.8% of those commuting from New York City to Nassau-Suffolk were operatives and laborers. Whereas 8.7% of those traveling from Nassau-Suffolk to New York City were ser- vice workers, 12.1% of those traveling from New York City to Nassau-Suffolk were service workers. There were also significant differences in the industry of employment of cross-commuters between Nassau-Suffolk and New York City. Commuters from New York City to Nassau- Suffolk were concentrated in manufacturing, trade and profes- sional services. Approximately 19% of New York City residents employed in Nassau worked in manufacturing, 26% were em- ployed in wholesale and retail trade and 20 % were employed In professional and related services. Of those commuting from New York City to Suffolk, 38.7% worked In manufacturing, 21.2% in wholesale and reT.il trare and 15.5% in professional services. The heavy influx 01 manufacturing workers into Suffolk reflects the fact that manufacturing accounted for 35% of Suf- folk's payroll in 1980. In the past decade, manufacturing employ- ment has moved from New York City and the inner ring suburban counties to outlying suburban counties such as Suffolk. TABLE 1.9 Occupational Mix of Cross.Commuters Between Nassau-Suffolk and New York City, 1980 (Percents) Occupation Commuters from Nassau-Suffolk to New York City Commuters from New York City to Nassau-Suffolk Executive, Administrative Professional Specialty Technicians Sales Administrative Support Service Occupations Farming, Forestry, Fishing Precision Products Operatives, Laborers 21.9% 14.7 2.8 11.7 17.3 8.7 0.2 13.6 9.1 12.2% 15.8 2.9 11.0 17.6 12.1 0.8 11.8 15.8 Source: L1RPB based on data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census 14 Fig. 1.6 THE OCCUPATIONAL MIX OF CROSS-COMMUTERS BETWEEN NASSAU-SUFFOLK AND NEW YORK CITY, 1980 Commuters From Nassau-Suffolk to New York City Source: L1RPB based on data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census Commuters From New York City to Nassau-Suffolk 15 By contrast, those who lived in Nassau'Suffolk but worked in New York City were more highly concentrated in transportation, communications and public utilities, finance, insurance and reai estate and public administration (government). Approximately 17.5% of Nassau commuters to New York City and 25.6% of those commuting from Suffolk to New York City worked in trans. portation, communications or public utilities. Approximately 12% of those commuting from Nassau.Suffolk to New York City were employed in finance, insurance or reai estate. Almost 7 % of those coming from Nassau and more than 10% of those trav- eling from Suffolk worked in government. These statistics reflect the concentration of finance and communications jobs in New York City. Summary and Implications for Public Policy Despite Long Island's growing economic self-sufficiency, New York City jobs still accounted for a disporportionate share of the earnings of Long Island residents as of 1979. The median earn- ings of Nassau-Suffolk residents employed in Manhattan was more than double that of those who worked within their respec- tive home counties. In 1980, as in 1970, a high proportion of Nassau.Suffolk's executives and administrators worked in New York City. By contrast, Nassau.Suffolk residents with skills as operatives, laborers and service workers generaily worked on Long Island. TABLE 1.10 Industry 01 Employment 01 Cross.Commuters Between Nassau.Sullolk and New York City, 1980 (Percents) Commuted from Commuted from Commuted from Commuted from Industry Nassau to N.Y.C. Suffolk to N.Y.C. N.Y.C. to Nassau N.Y.C. to Suffolk Construction 4.4% 5.4% 3.9% 4.7% Manufacturing 16.3 14.0 19.2 38.7 Transportation, Communications, P.U. 17.5 25.6 5.6 5.5 Wholesale & Retail Trade 16.0 13.3 26.0 21.2 Finance, Insurance, Real Estate 12.1 11.5 9.4 5.4 Business & Repair Services 5.7 5.7 6.5 3.4 Personal Services 2.2 2.3 6.4 2.1 Professional & Related Services 18.9 11.5 20.4 15.5 Public Administration 6.6 10.4 2.0 2.7 Other Industries 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.8 I I .1 * Includes agriculture, forestry, fisheries, mining Source: L1RPB based on data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census 16 Fig. 1.7 INDUSTRY OF EMPLOYMENT OF CROSS.COMMUTERS BETWEEN NASSAU.SUFFOLK AND NEW YORK CITY, 1980 Work in New York City 40 30 10 20 Percent Industry Construction Manufacturing Utilities Communications, Transportation Trade Finance, Insurance, Real Estate Business & Repair Services Personal Services Professional & Related Services Public Administration o Source: L1RPB based on .data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census 17 Live in New York City o 10 20 30 40 Percent Between 1970 and 1980, there was a slight decline in reverse commutation from New York City to Nassau-Suffolk. This re- flected the rapid growth of financial and service job opportunities in New York City. Reverse commuters generally had lower earn- ings than outcommuters. Many worked as operatives, laborers and service workers in Long Island's manufacturing and retail establishments. These findings have several policy implications. The con- tinued vitality of New York City's economy remains of prime con- cern to the Long Island area. Of particular concern is Manhattan's office complex which employs substantial numbers of Long Island residents. It is essentiai that these outcommuters be able to reach their New York City jobs in a safe, timely, and ef- ficient manner. Planned electrification of the Long Island Railroad will offer commuters an option in terms of faster, more convenient service, particularly to the midtown and downtown Manhattan CBD's_ Minor road improvements designed to im- prove traffic flows will also help. For example, IMIS, the In- tegrated Motorist's Information System which will become oper- ational in 1985, will allow traffic to be diverted to other corridors under peak traffic conditions. Easing reverse commutation from New York City to Nassau- Suffolk should also be of prime interest. Current projections envi- sion selective labor force shortages on Long Island during the latter part of the 1980s and into the 1990s. Long Island could ex- haust its indigenous labor force in selected occupations and con- tinued job growth would then be predicated on attracting greater numbers of reverse commuters from New York City. Commuter statistics from the 1980 census indicate that this is already hap- pening in manufacturing. In 1980, substantial numbers of reverse commuters were employed as operatives and laborers in bi-county manufacturing plants. Planned electrification and a third track on the Long Island Railroad would offer the potential for more efficient reverse commutation to the Farmingdale, Deer Park and Ronkonkoma railroad stations, each of which borders a large manufacturing complex. Further improvements in reverse commutation by railroad will also be needed as Long Island firms begin to import additional workers from New York City. The 1980 census figures Indicate that Long Island has become more economically seif-sufficient. Nevertheless, external linkages with New York City remain an important source of in- come and labor supply_ Steps must be taken to facilitate these linkages and thereby ensure the continued vitality of the Long Island economy. 18 Chapter 2.... The Spatial Dimensions of Commuter linkages Between Nassau-Suffolk and New York City i I r I Worktrips are the largest and most regular trip category. They also constitute the greatest single source of traffic congestion in urban areas. This chapter analyzes the spatial pattern of worktrips between Nassau-Suffolk and New York City. It also analyzes the mode of travel for those who commute between Nassau-Suffolk and New York City. The analysis utilizes journey- to-work information from the 1970 and 1980 decennial censuses. It should be noted that the Census Bureau defines mode of travel as the principal means of travel or type of conveyance usually used during the reference week in traveling from home to work. Therefore, a commuter who utilized more than one mode of travel would nevertheless be classified under the principal mode, that used for the preponderance of the trip. The Spatial Pattern of Worktrips from Nassau-Suffolk to New York City In 1980, almost 146,000 bi-county residents commuted to Manhattan, an additional 83,000 traveled to Queens and approx- imately 40,000 traveled to work in Brooklyn. Thus, a total of about 269,000 bi-county residents were employed in these New York City boroughs. This represents a 10% increase over the 243,500 Nassau-Suffolk residents who commuted to Manhattan, Queens and Brooklyn in 1970. Between 1970 and 1980, the number of bi-county commuters to Manhattan increased from 132,439 to 145,864, a gain of about 10%. Those commuting to Queens increased from 73,340 to 82,915, a gain of about 13%. Those commuting to Brooklyn increased from 37,725 to 40,128, a gain of 6.4%. Aimost 75 % of those Nassau-Suffolk residents who com- muted to Manhattan worked in the area between 34th and 59th Streets, or in the area below Canal Street. In 1980, 72,976 bi- county residents worked in the area between 34th and 59th Streets. This represents a 24 % increase over the 58,807 bi- county commuters to this area in 1970. In 1980, 34,464 Nassau- Suffolk residents commuted to the area below Canal Street. This represents a 9% increase over the 31,641 bi-county commuters to this area in 1970. 19 1970 1980 13,599 13,245 AUTO = 80% 84% L.I.R.R. = 14% 13% '---'JJ I , ". '" l' , ~ BRONX ~ Fig. 2.1 THE DESTINATION OF NASSAU.SUFFOLK RESIDENTS EMPLOYED IN MANHATTAN, QUEENS, AND BROOKLYN, BY MODE OF TRAVEL 1970, 19BO ' FLUSHING 4.489 AUTO '= 940,,, U,R,R =3'/, STATEN ISLAND BAYRIDGE. BOROUGH PARK 5.717 AUTO == 81% U,RR. = 15% 'r-/ J " 7 \ SA"'DE " f,~:::~:.::~K,.. /' ^.} \ L R,A. = 2% /" < --- QUEENS ': _ VILLAGE GLEN OAKS . ~UEENS WS,." J \ C; AUTO = 94"', 'Ie ~ ;~~E~:R~i~~L'RR ~?-iP' .~. AUT~9~O 78", '} /" . 0 L,I.H.R.=1Q"o"7 // IV - ~s);:' WOODHAVEN JAMAICA, . ~ R:~~~ON~~~~~:LB~N: I ~ AUTO, = 87% 'ho AUTO = 84"', }'i . ~ U.RR. = 10% ,', \L1_R.R. = 8% ."e J I LAURE ON, -L :-( SPRING ELD r GARDEt-16 1,979) ~. KENNEDY AUTO = 95% ' ! AIRPORT \ U,RR. = O-,o~,) U~60:4 98%'0 ,,~.;!,'\. f I_R,A, == I '/, ~- / I I / I I I \ Jamaica Boy C-;} Lower New York Bay Atlantic Ocean 20 ~ I In 1980, the preponderance of those traveling to Manhattan, some 64,000 persons, originated in the Town of Hempstead. An additional 22,800 came from North Hempstead, 23,100 from Oyster Bay, 7,100 from Babylon, 5,900 from Brookhaven, 9,800 from Huntington, 7,700 from Islip and 3,600 from Smithtown. In 1970, by contrast, 61,000 came from the Town of Hempstead, 21,100 from North Hempstead, 20,300 from Oyster Bay, 6,900 from Babylon, 3,900 from Brookhaven, 8,900 from Huntington, 6,500 from Islip and 3,000 from Smithtown. Thus, between 1970 and 1980, the number of Nassau County commuters to Manhat- tan increased from 102,572 to 110,317, a gain of 7.6%. The number of Suffolk County commuters to Manhattan increased from 29,867 to 35,547, a gain of 19.0%. Of the 82,915 Nassau-Suffolk residents who commuted to Queens in 1980, almost 32,000 or 38.6 % of the total, commuted to the two airports: Kennedy and LaGuardia. in 1980,18,744 bi- county residents commuted to Kennedy Airport, down from 21,034 in 1970. An additionai 13,245 bi-county residents com- muted to the LaGuardia Airport-Long Island City area. In 1970, 13,599 Nassau-Suffolk residents worked in this area. In 1980, there were also a substantial number of bi-county commuters to the Woodhaven-Richmond Hill Area, 8,613, the Forest Hills-Kew Gardens area, 7,359, the Flushing area, 7,036, the Jackson Heights-Elmhurst-Corona area, 6,553, and the Jamaica-Hollis-St. Albans area, 6,391. Of those commuting to Queens, approximately 36,700 origin- ated in the Town of Hempstead in 1980. An additionai 10,710 came from North Hempstead, 11,384 from Oyster Bay, 5,804 from Babylon, 4,833 from Brookhaven, 4,318 from Huntington, 6,616 from Islip, and 2,293 from Smithtown. Between 1970 and 1980, the number of Nassau residents commuting to Queens in- creased from 52,656 to 58,791, a gain of 11.7%. The number commuting from Suffolk to Queens increased from 20,684 to 24,124, an increase of 16.6%. TABLE 2.1 Destinations of Nassau.Suffolk Residents Employed in Manhattan, Queens and Brooklyn, by County of Origin and Mode of Travel, 1970, 1980 County of Origin (No. of Trips) Mode of Travel (% of Trips) Busl Zone of Nassau Suffolk Bi.County Auto Subway Rail Other' Destination 1970 1980 1970 1980 1970 1980 19701980197019801970198019701980 Manhattan 102,572 110,317 29,867 35,547 132,439 145,864 27 28 11 8 61 63 1 1 Below Canal St. 23,791 25,376 7,850 9,088 31,641 34,464 21 30 12 8 66 61 1 1 Canal to 14th St. 6,759 5,199 2,068 1,738 8,827 6,937 42 47 10 9 47 44 1 0 14th to 34th St. 18,934 16,235 4,575 4,812 23,509 21,047 24 25 6 6 69 68 1 1 34th to 59th St. 45,986 56,028 12,821 16,948 58,807 72,976 24 24 13 8 62 68 1 0 Above 59th St. 7,102 7,479 2,553 2,961 9,655 1 0,440 53 54 9 7 35 36 3 3 21 TABLE 2.1 (Cont'd.) County of Origin (No. of Trips) Mode of Travel (% of Trips) BusJ Zone of Nassau Suffolk BI.County Auto Subway Rail Other. Destination 1970 1980 1970 1980 1970 1980 19701980197019801970198019701980 Queens 52,656 58,791 20,684 24,124 73,340 82,915 89 90 3 2 6 7 2 1 Bayside- Little Neck 1,029 1,859 415 592 1,444 2,451 95 95 3 2 2 Queens Village- Glen Oaks 1,907 3,368 521 802 2,428 4,170 94 97 3 1 1 0 2 2 Flushing 3,386 5,006 1,103 2,030 4,489 7,036 94 95 1 2 3 3 2 a) Lau relton- Springfield Gardens 1,561 2,768 418 947 1,979 3,715 95 98 a) a) 2 4 a) Kennedy Airport- l Rockaway Penn insula 13,387 12,798 7,647 5,946 21,034 18,744 98 98 a) a) 1 LaGuardia Airport- Long Island City 9,813 9,074 3,786 4,171 13,599 13,245 80 84 5 2 14 13 Woodhaven- I Richmond Hill 3,158 5,983 929 2,630 4,087 8,613 87 95 2 10 3 I I Jamaica-Hollis- , St. Albans 4,697 4,106 1,485 2,285 6,182 6,391 84 59 6 4 8 36 2 Forest Hills- Kew Gardens 5,481 5,712 1,459 1,647 6,940 7,359 78 88 10 5 10 7 2 a) Jackson Heights- Elmhurst, Corona 4,430 4,976 1,440 1,577 5,870 6,553 89 92 3 2 7 6 a) Maspeth- Middle Village 3,807 3,141 1,481 1,497 5,288 4,638 92 94 2 5 4 Brooklyn 28,450 28,487 9,275 11,641 37,725 40,128 74 74 4 3 21 22 1 1 Flatbush- Canarsie 5,270 6,914 1,781 2,096 7,051 9,010 88 89 1 2 10 8 1 Downtown Brooklyn 18,599 15,754 6,358 7,456 24,957 23,210 69 66 5 4 25 29 1 Bay Ridge- Borough Park 4,581 5,819 1,136 2,089 5,717 7,908 81 80 2 2 15 17 2 Total 183,678 197,595 59,826 71,312 243,504 268,907 a) Less than 0.5 % * Includes trips by taxi, jitney, etc. Source: L1RPB based on census data 22 l ~ I Of the 40,128 Nassau-Suffolk residents who commuted to Brooklyn in 1980, 23,210 or 58% of the total traveled to downtown Brooklyn. Some 19,722 Brooklyn-bound commuters, 49% of the total, originated in the Town of Hempstead. The number of Nassau County residents commuting to Brooklyn in- creased from 28,450 in 1970 to 28,487 in 1980, an increase of less than 1 %. The number of Suffolk commuters to Brooklyn in- creased from 9,275 to 11,641, a gain of 25.5 %. Between 1970 and 1980, the number of Nassau commuters to the three Boroughs-Manhattan, Queens and Brooklyn-in- creased from 183, 678 to 197,595, an increase of 7.6%. The number of Suffolk commuters to these boroughs increased from 59,826 to 71,312, an increase of 19.2%. The most significant aspect of commutation between Nassau- Suffolk and New York City was the mode of travel selected. In 1980, the only substantial use of the Long Island Railroad oc- curred for trips to Manhattan. Some 63% of bi-county com- muters to Manhattan traveled by rail in 1980; 61 % of those traveling to Manhattan used the railroad in 1970. Between 1970 and 1980, the proportion using the railroad for worktrips into the area between 34th and 59th Streets increased from 62 % to 68%. However, the proportion using the railroad for worktrips terminating below Canal Street declined from 66% to 61 % and auto usage to this area increased commensurately. Approx- imately 30% of those employed below Canal Street used their cars for the preponderance of the worktrip in 1980, up from 21 % in 1970. In 1980, approximately 90 % of those traveling to Queens used their cars, about the same as the 89% recorded for 1970. The only substantial use of the railroad occurred for those who trav- eled to the Jamaica area. Approximately 36% of them traveled by railroad and only 59% used their cars. This was a major change from 1970 when only 8% of the commuters to this area came by railroad and 84% traveled by car. Of those commuting to Brooklyn, 74% traveled by car in 1980, the same percentage as in 1970. Only 22% came by railroad. The incidence of rail use was highest for those traveling to downtown Brooklyn, which contains a railroad station. In 1980, 29 % of those bi-county commuters to downtown Brooklyn trav- eled by rail for the preponderance of their trip. I The following case studies provide more detailed information about commutation between Nassau-Suffolk and New York City. The first study analyzes the origins, census tract of destination and mode of travel of those Nassau-Suffolk residents who com- muted to the midtown Manhattan CBO in 1980. The second study performs a similar analysis for those commuting to the down- town Manhattan CBO. The third study performs a detailed analysis of those commuting to Kennedy Airport in 1980. A Case Study of Worktrips from Nassau-Suffolk into the Midtown Manhallan Central Business District For purposes of analysis, the midtown Manhattan CBO has been extended to include the area frum 14th to 59th Streets from the East River to the Hudson River. The number of commuters to this area increased from 82,316 in 1970 to 94,023 in 1980. As in 1970, about half of them, 45,863, traveled to the area east of Fifth Avenue and half, 48,160, worked in the area west of Fifth Avenue. Worktrip destinations were concentrated in the area im- mediately north of Penn Station and in the area surrounding Grand Central Station. In 1980, 11,626 worktrips terminated in the area bounded by 34th and 42nd Streets, Sixth and Eighth Avenues. An additional 26,702 worktrips terminated in the area bounded by 42nd and 56th Streets, Third Avenue and Avenue of the Americas. Table 2.2 shows the number of Nassau-Suffolk worktrips terminating in selected midtown Manhattan census tracts in 1970 and 1980. It indicates a growing concentration of worktrip destinations in the heavily-traveled midtown census tracts. These tracts specialize in offices and high-quality retail activity. The increase in bi-county commuters to these tracts probably reflects the higher concentration of office space within these areas. In recent years, job growth in Manhattan has been concentrated in the financial and service industries. Most such jobs are housed in offices. They often require the white-collar skills which are found among Nassau-Suffolk residents. 23 Fig. 2.2A TOWN OF ORIGIN OF NASSAU.sUFFOLK RESIDENTS EMPLOYED IN MANHATTAN, QUEENS, AND BROOKLYN,1970, 1980 8,942 - M - 9,796 20,325-M-23,142 4,171-0-4,318 10,279,,0- 11,384 1,580 -,B - 2,109 4,509 - B - 4,594 "".:;;" ..L.., 3,025 _ M _ 3,635! \ ,~..,,, "" 2,286 - Q - 2,293/ . 962 - B - 951\ l 0 N G [,,,,...,,,,. .. .."..", \ , , , 0 u N 0 EASTERN TOWNS 655 - M 364 -0 113" B 21,173 - M ,22,779 9,264 ' Q - 10,710 3,782 - B, 4,171 '\!"L.t...:;:....".: :... ~~,." .\." OSYTER! , ....'-' , \'\ """N~'~TH\\ BAY ,lH'~'~'~;NGTON": SMI~~.~_~ i .'''.~ "HEMPSTEAD, ". '" ~.." r . "......" # .". :1.::;;'1;,,, :.:~~.~. ' "~:":""L :"... .:.~. if':': , ' ' ' ",,:,~ ",/" , , , ,,',;;,:.." , , , "..~.:,',,'.::: . ,,,.'.::'" B~OOKHA VEN /"::~"""HEM""P'~ST"E"'A"-D "",., ! '''''''''''i ""''''': ~""".. '"'' ;':';;;"".::-'" ''''':'~''''. 1 " , BABYLON I ......'. i' Q M..'". '~ "",., ,...." ,""""""" ( ......: i , """. w"..... -::'..."" "...".. '"."m,,,,,.,, !M"'<~""'" ~f),..~ :...... '''''''.:.~" 1/ \.~., I, , " A N 0 '::~;, M.'", ,,,,, ,,,..".... ,873 - M - 5,892 3,242,,0' 4,833 1,534 - B-2, 140 a; , , ! ,,,,,,,.. t ,,0 ;r..."..~ (-._"..~ / " , 61,074 - M ' 64,396 33,113 - Q" 36,697 20,159 - B - 19,722 ~ '"",. ~ ~"",' 5,""" ."".1 o C A " , 6,919 - M ~ 7,159 4,994" Q - 5,804 2,487 - B ' 2,792 A. J 1 A 6453 - M ' 7,712 , 5,627 - Q - 6,616 2599 - B ' 3,375 , 1970 1980 3,873 ' M - 5,892 24 I I I Fig. 2.2B DESTINATIONS OF NASSAU-SUFFOLK RESIDENTS EMPLOYED IN MANHATTAN, QUEENS, AND BROOKLYN, BY MODE OF TRAVEL, 1970, 1980 1970 MIUl~~llll I Brooklyn , , Queens Auto PlIlM Other Bus/Subway Auto "~_.~~ Rail Other Busl Subway r ! Source: L1RPB based on data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census 25 1980 Fig. 2.3A TOWN OF DESTINATION OF MANHATTAN, QUEENS, AND BROOKLYN RESIDENTS EMPLOYED IN NASSAU.SUFFOLK, 1970, 1980 1 2,079. M - 1,446 21,561-Q-19,449 5620. B - 3,671 , 695 . M - 677 8,148 - Q - 6,038 2019 - B - 1,696 , . 227 . M - 454 1,165 - Q - 1,695 414-6- 310 i Mw"".'. '.., l 0 H G 903 - M - 1,365 13,194. Q - 18,057 2,462 - B - 1,641 89 - M - 23 397 - Q - 369 /147-B-158 , SOU N D EASTERN TOWNS 58 - M 77. Q 76 - B ... r S l AN" "::~:, ! I ,~" ,,,' i............ , SMITHTOWN : ...... gliHUNTINGTO~./ /;.-"''''': ,...... ."..-r" T / "._1""" _.1"""'" ."". M,. U ..,,,,,, 0... ,o.....' .:~~;"", \)... .."...'" B'~OOKHAVEN I ~fL____._._,_._----o.~;:'-/ 8<M""" _ '''i~:"~'"~-~__~.".."" ,.....-, ....... ''''''''''i .,.... .' ~..."'. ."."" : . --~ ' /' ISLlP j ~ ;"\ ""M, BABYLON, J ; ..,~.~, I , , .", "".,,,, M,"" ,,,,, 4- M - 160 .'.. 270 ' Q - 320 & 80 - B - 119 i J ,,,....,. I ""or-....~.~ i_._.__._J " ; , ; , , .,,,,.., ~ , 325 - !vi - 92 2633 - Q - 1,327 , 1 072 . B - 528 , ~"'''~'~;;:"! .....".. c ' o ... r l ANT. C 47 . M - 103 783 - Q - 757 341 . B - 245 1970 1980 3,873 - M - 5,892 I I , 26 ::) ct m mo ct~ z~ z . _0 eS; w~ > . 0'" ...w a.. > ::Ect wa: .... m... ~o Ww ee -0 13::E gja:e "zz "'>- "...- .2':.:z "'0- oS! a: a: 1110 e... zo ctw 'z mo i5N w> ::>111 0:.: '... Zo ~... ....... ct::> :J:m Z ct ::E o CO m o "- m -- - .. il c 3 Ql = '0 i .. ... .i c4 :l .! - ~ - i g I .0 i ::i iii ~ ~ .... C\l Census Tract 82 92 94 96 100 102 104 109 113 131 TABLE 2.2 Number of Nassau-Suffolk Worktrips to Selected Midtown Manhallan Census Tracts, 1970, 1980 (Higher Concentrations of Worktrips) Approximate Tract Boundaries Number of Worktrlp Destinations 1970 1980 Park & Fifth Aves., 35th & 42nd Sts. Third & Park Aves.. 42nd & 49th Sts. Park & Fifth Aves., 42nd & 49th Sts. Fifth & Sixth Aves., 42nd & & 49th Sts. Third & Park Aves., 49th & 56th Sts. Park & Fifth Aves., 49th & 56th Sts. Fifth & Sixth Aves., 49th & 56th Sts. Sixth & Eighth Aves., 34th & 38th Sts. Sixth & Eighth Aves., 38th & 42nd Sts. Sixth & Eighth Aves., 50th & 54th Sts. 3,491 3,909 3,492 4,073 5,296 5,480 3,557 5,148 2,448 3,715 2,788 4,349 3,896 3,937 3,599 5,782 4,266 5,844 2,353 4,073 Source: LlRPB based on census data 1\ Whereas bi-county worktrip destinations to census tracts con- taining a preponderance of offices increased during the 1970s, there was a perceptible decline in worktrips to those midtown Manhattan census tracts specializing in wholesaling and/or manufacturing. For example, the number of bi-county worktrips terminating between 6th and 8th Avenues, 30th and 34th Streets declined from 2,672 to 1,464 between 1970 and 1980. This area is in the heart of the garment district and the worktrip declines reflect the general loss of garment area jobs during the 1970s. The number of bi-county worktrips to census tracts west of Eighth Avenue also generally declined, reflecting the loss of west side manufacturing and wholesale jobs. For example, the number of bi-county commuters to the area bounded by 10th Avenue and the Hudson River, 14th and 38th Streets declined from 1,132 to oniy 393 between 1970 and 1980. It seems apparent that bi-county commuters to midtown Man- hattan are increasingly becoming white-collar workers. This is consonant with the growing white-collar orientation of Manhat- tan's economy. TABLE 2.3 Number of Nassau-Suffolk Worktrips to Selected Midtown Manhattan Census Tracts. 1970, 1980 (Lower Concentrations of Worktrips) I I I I Census Tract Approximate Tract Boundaries Number of Worktrip Destinations 1970 1980 99 10th Ave. & Hudson River, 14th & 38th Sts. 101 Sixth & Eighth Aves., 30th & 34th Sts. 121 Eighth & Tenth Aves., 42nd & 46th Sts. 127 Eighth & Tenth Aves., 46th & 50th Sts. 129 Tenth Ave. & Hudson River, 42nd & 50th Sts. 133 Eighth & Tenth Aves., 50th & 54th Sts. 135 Tenth Ave. & Hudson River, 50th & 58th Sts. 139 Eighth & Tenth Aves, 54th & 58th Sts. 1,132 2,672 465 163 780 539 1,084 441 Source: L1RPB based on census data Approximately 77 % of all bi-county worktrips into the area be- tween 14th and 59th Streets originated in Nassau County. Ap- proximately 72,000 Nassau residents commuted into midtown Manhattan; 56 % of them, approximately 40,000, originated in the Town of Hempstead. The Towns of North Hempstead and Oyster Bay each sent 14,500 commuters into this area daily in 1980. Almost 22,000 commuters originated in Suffolk County. Ap- proximately 6,600 came from the Town of Huntington. The Towns of Babylon and Islip each sent approximately 4,300 com- muters into this area in 1980. The modal split for worktrips into the midtown Manhattan area indicates the extent to which mass transit is being utilized by Long Island residents who commute to midtown Manhattan. In 28 392 1,464 248 55 566 391 901 183 TABLE 2.4 City and Town of Origin for Bi.County Worktrips into the Midtown Area City & Town Number of Number of Worktrips Town Worktrips Glen Cove Hempstead Long Beach North Hempstead Oyster Bay Babylon Brookhaven East Hampton Huntington Islip Riverhead Shelter Isiand Smithtown Southampton Southold Totai Suffolk 4,313 3,460 105 6,606 4,293 16 33 2,255 531 56 21,668 855 40,527 1,856 14,544 14,573 Total Nassau 72,355 Source: LlRPB based on Census data. interpreting the following statistics, it should be remembered that the Census Bureau defines mode of travei as the principal means of travel and that those who designate automobile as their mode of travel may not actually drive into the midtown area. For example, they could drive to an area of Queens adjacent to a New York City subway line and use the subway for the remainder of their journey into the midtown area. Many Long Island resi- dents are able to find parking areas close to subway stations in Queens. The auto trip from Nassau or Suffolk generally con- sumes more time than the subway trip. Therefore the subway usage figures are undercounted. In 1980, 22,579 Nassau-Suffolk residents used their cars as the principal mode of travel into the midtown Manhattan CBD; an addi- tiona163,731 traveled by Long Island Railroad. In 1970, 16,375 bi- county residents used their cars; an additional 52,792 traveled by railroad. Therefore, between 1970 and 1980, an additional 6,204 bi-county residents came by car. This represents an increase of about one-third. An additional 10,939 Long Island residents came by railroad. This represents an increase of about 21 %. In 1980, the highest volume of rail trips occurred for worktrips terminating in the area immediately adjacent to Penn Station. For example, almost 10,000 rail trips terminated in the area be- tween 34th and 42nd Streets, Avenue of the Americas and Eighth Avenue. Rail trips as a percentage of rail and auto trips was also highest for those commuting to the area within walking distance of Penn Station. For example, the percentage of rail trips for bi- county commuters to the areas between 26th and 42nd Streets, Avenue of the Americas and Eighth Avenue was 85 %. This per- centage declined with distance from Penn station. For example, the percentage of rail worktrips terminating between 23rd and 54th Streets east of First Avenue was only 50% in 1980. Similar percentage declines were evident for trips terminating west of Tenth Avenue. Absolute increases in the number of rail commuters were also highest in the areas within walking distance of Penn Station. For example, the number of rail commuters to the area bounded by 34th and 50th Streets, Avenue of the Americas and Eighth Avenue increased by about 6,000 between 1970 and 1980. These findings imply that the difficulty in using public transpor- tation from Penn Station to midtown Manhattan destinations on the extreme east or west sides makes it more likely that work- trips to these destinations will be undertaken by car or by car and subway rather than by railroad. TABLE 2.5 Number and Percent of Rail Trips For Worktrips to Selected Midtown Manhattan Census Tracts, 1980 Census Approximate Tract Number of Percent of Rail Tract Boundaries Rail Trips & Auto Trips 82 Park & Fifth Aves., 35th & 42nd Sts. 2,829 76% 92 Third & Park Aves., 42nd & 49th Sts. 2,441 66 94 Park & Fifth Aves., 42nd & 49th Sts. 3,656 73 96 Fifth & Sixth Aves., 42nd & 49th Sts. 3,744 79 100 Third & Park Aves., 49th & 56th Sts. 2,434 76 102 Park & Fifth Aves., 49th & 56th Sts. 2,783 71 104 Fifth & Sixth Aves., 49th & 56th Sts. 2,743 77 109 Sixth & Eighth Aves., 34th & 38th Sts. 4,703 86 113 Sixth & Eighth Aves., 38th & 42nd Sts. 4,745 85 131 Sixth & Eighth Aves., 50th & 54th Sts. 3,027 81 Source: L1RPB based on Census data 29 ~~ ~\ II if BRONX '\U ABOVE 59 5'. / , AUTO = 64', Ii f B.S 0 22'>/1 2850 ~( ~ Fig. 2.4 //1/ i ._.... f~\~ ----.., THE ORIGINS OF [ /- MANHATTAN, QUEENS AND BROOKLYN RESIDENTS /. MANHATTAN / "- EMPLOYED IN NASSAU-SUFFOLK, // /"" '-/ '0 BY MODE OF TRAVEL 1970, 1980 "-59 ST / ,,;" / ~ AUTO=5?"'.', i)" 8/5 = 14'. I / 230 ~> / ,,' AUTO ~4 5~~:T I/I} ~"...... \,0; BIS 22', / I i 510 CANAL ST '1 sl ',,- AUTO = 54' / I " 815=240/ f, ~ i I I 735 BELOW cANAL/sTII /', AUTO", 46''', i ,., ...... BiS = 25'.', i .. (' "- i! 211---"" .I t /'/. "" tJ I 1970 1980 13,599 13,245 AUTO = 80% 84% U,R,R, = 14% 13% LA GUARDIA AIRPORT LONG ISLAND ___ CiTY ( 1963 I JACKSON AUTO = 71.. I' HEIGHTS a:s = 19', I ELMHURST ! CORONA J.. 4801 AUTO = 81'10 ,.~-- -':ASPET:--8~~~1'" \ MIDDLE VILLAGE . ", 2314 .I \AUTO = 82", < 8,S = 9', "'. I \ //~ Y ~ \ 8ROOKL YN /' / \ '\. ~~ -::SUSH, CANAFlSIE \..... 3075 " AUTO = 77% ...., BIS = 16'-'0 ~. FLUSHING 5648 AUTO = 89'0 8.'5=7'.'" '" ^ ''/ I .~ -, ( / / BAYSIDE LITTLE NECK 3308 \,\UTO.=90"'/,/ \ \"~BiS ...:-.~>v \ ~- QUEENS ( '-:;~EE~ ._- I G~~LNL~~~S \ l AUTO" ~~~~ ,",_, ) FOREST HILLS IBIS" 6', i~-- KEW GAHDENS \ -;-J' 5111 '-..--.. . AUTO = 84', -j _/ . 0 _ B:S = 11', ':, ..,Y /- f U -----.....--- ----..-_-.-.-.- ~~~ ) I :::> WOODHAVEN \ JAMAICA. r <( RICHMOND HILL ' ST ALBANS, 1 ~ 3647 ) 4692 / ~ AUTO" 82% 'lJ AUTO = 73 0 'f) ~<( BiS = 11", \ BiS ,,23'0 .J' :c: I LAURELT N 1-:i./ SPRINGFI 0 ) r--- - - GARDENS ! KENNEDY 4486. AIRPORT \A~TO = 82% ),'J 3;80 i~IS= 12%,'1 AUTO", 75% Lb, . IS = 21% 'J'L' / / / ',- / 1/ / - ~"""IUpPf:r / ',,- Np.w York 1 / \/~\ B<ly I I j _---' C j~- --~~ STATEN ISLAND .--/ f \ \ I ) , BAYRIDGE BOROUGH PARK 4971 AUTO = 81'/0 8/5" 13"', '''' Jome,'(o Boy tower New York Bay / / f-' / 1/ .,..~ ~/ /" Atlantic Ocean 30 ';~\~ \~~, \~~ . "'.'81.+ .m......m.2l. \'1.'1. I \'1.\\ i \\'0 \\'0 ; \~\ ;i \..~ If. ". I ," Ii ~ ~, w v ~'" ", i i_Ui;~tiL_+ ______~___~--~-mmm -m"--t-----~LL.U~:~....:, , ;w:, s/f ~ ~ .., I \\~ ~\ , \\~ I'i). : \\\\ : '~\\'l. "i 1 "'i-'i'm' WI' \...' \ti'" ' ' , \\\.... 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In '\ 9~1 \\\ : 1,,99 \)~ : \\91l; ~9'O9' 1-,,11. i ~ ,\'0 ~ \~ \ :, ~':l~, '\ t;1lb'2.lft~lt._~~ J ;'1;-_ _ ~~ '0'0' I ,~ :'-;0 ,\,\'j~ l'I "":2:.h_ ~_ 1 ____ ::....: t{ i <0 l....l <.4T, ~T . \ :~1"~ " 1.611.", ":1.9~ '1.~"~ i "" ~ ~9iJ.m ""-\ 0 \ ~~ \\)~,,9 [ \" A'OA~, ,,\'0 : .,&, : 11.: 1~ ' '\ \ n. y; ,0' U < '\, I \ I " I n.b. I \ ~ '?J9'1 r - ~- - -+--- ,---1 ~'OI ~'?J' '\?;.' I '}.':l' \~ I "A'\ "" 1,,"<0<0 I' '}.~ '}.9 I \ ~! 2~-,-~ I~OA < \ I \ l\, :> \~ fie.. '" Vi "-H I, l''' I 1 1\ "- \, "" A-I .,j" (lor- ""---;'"' .'--~--- '-', ~ ~..' , I", e1l-! \9 \b.f;) T I ~: 0: ~ ,\Q ~I ] , i . ._~.m ---'-----~-"-j~1.~ 4 1.09 : 1~ ", ~1O , ~'O1 \ 't 71" i :~:,;=_~:_16:6 ~\Il~.' ~~'OI ~~1l91 :~'O .f~~iS~1UII[~l, ..&,~1. ....... ~;iT..-'..\ I -+ ----.-... I 1..' & t\ ' . \, i ~9 ~\'o !A61. ,<~~- [:~~1fJi~;S"+~S6'Ti ,~.~~'O l~--~~_r:~':, \ \ r_!'L-'Ji~~.__~~,...~__'___mmm_._,_E.J It.: "3 t r '\ :--,:-_.:.,~_I~_~-':m1 ' '. Ie.: 16~ ~ . i 1.69 ~ : f;): ~i ~~ i ~A~ 6~ \)\"'-Cf 'I"! .. ~ ~'09~i '0 1.Q~! 'o~'O: \\9":, AIl'O i &,'0 '0 i &,... ~' ''''\, \i_:t:'..,!::.T.t\___~_'~}.-----"J_..~_-_mt___-:CL\.LJ..4.t"j , ~,,_,.. .~___ '}.~'".. ~__,_ .___.. --i~-..-_m' ___lL;::k;?' -"--__. 'i '_,T :\\1 '\"\ ~h\.i ~ I ll\ ';;"1.1 Il.\) ~&, II 1.'0 II' '\ 1~ \~, ~;!;~;;/:~\ ~i ~, ,,_,LI ~I,,:, :, ,;:~l+;'l \ :<?-'t-:>'\'-/ . '\_, :i:l -1-~--"'-. mm_w___ \1/ 1 i \ , \ ~ a. '",,~ , :y \ \ , ~ \ \ \ , d ~-I ."'-j 5J Fig. 2.5 NUMBER OF NASSAU-SUFFOLK WORKTRIPS INTO THE MIDTOWN MANHATTAN CBD. BY CENSUS TRACT, 1970, 1980 Rail Auto 1560 4133 .I 1 \ '1." 31 Census Tract 13 21 15.02 7 9 A Case Study of Worktrips From Nassau-Suffolk into the Downtown Manhattan Central Business District The downtown Manhattan CBO is defined as the area south of Canal Street. In 1980, 34,464 bi-county residents commuted to this area. They accounted for approximately 25% of all worktrips to Manhattan. In 1970, 31,641 bi-county residents commuted to this area. In 1980, worktrips tended to be concentrated in the areas south of Vesey and Fulton Streets. Almost 8,500 bi-county residents commuted to the area bounded by Broadway, Vesey Street, the West Side Highway and the Battery. An additional 9,800 bi-county residents commuted to the area bounded by State Street, South Street, Liberty Street and Broadway. Approximately 74% of all bi-county worktrips into the downtown Manhattan CBO originated in Nassau County. Some 25,000 Nassau residents commuted to downtown Manhattan; 57 % of them, approximately 14,400, originated in the Town of Hempstead. The Town of North Hempstead sent approximately 5,400 commuters to downtown Manhattan. The Town of Oyster Bay sent an additional 4,900 commuters to the downtown area. Almost 10,000 Suffolk residents commuted to the downtown area. Approximately 2,100 originated in the Town of Huntington, 2,200 in the Town of islip, 1,800 in the Town of Babylon and 1,500 in the Town of Brookhaven. TABLE 2.6 Number of Nassau.Suffolk Worktrips Terminating in Selected Downtown Manhattan Census Tracts, 1980 Approximate Tract Boundaries No. of Worktrip Destinations West Side Hwy., Vesey St., Broadway, Battery Vesey St., West Side Hwy. Reade St., Broadway Liberty St., Broadway, Fulton st., South St. Exchange Place, Broadway, Liberty St., South St. Broadway, State St., Exchange Place, South St. 8,463 3,510 3,627 5,013 4,784 Source: L1RPB based on Census data. Census Tract 13 21 15.02 7 9 TABLE 2.7 City and Town of Origin for Bi-County Worktrips into the Downtown Manhattan CBD, 1980 City & Number of Number of Town Worktrips Town Worktrips Glen Cove 235 Babylon 1,853 Hempstead 14,416 Brookhaven 1,527 Long Beach 447 East Hampton 76 North Hempstead 5,368 Huntington 2,144 Oyster Bay 4,910 Is lip 2,245 Riverhead 13 Total Nassau 25,376 Shelter Island 4 Smithtown 989 Southampton 215 Southold 22 Total Suffolk 9,088 Source: L1RPB based on Census data. According to the 1980 Census, 21,149 bi-county commuters to the downtown Manhattan CBO used the railroad as their prin- cipai means of travel. An additional 1 0,443 traveled by car for the major segment of their worktrip. The ratio of rail-to-auto trips for those commuting to the most heavily traveled downtown census tracts was similar to that for worktrips into the midtown Manhat- tan area. TABLE 2.8 Number and Percent of Rail Trips For Worktrips to Selected Midtown Manhattan Census Tracts, 1980 Approximate Tract Boundaries Number of Percent of Rail Rail Trips & Auto Trips West Side Hwy., Vesey St., Broadway, Battery Vesey St., West Side Hwy., Reade St., Broadway Liberty St., Broadway, Fulton St., South St. Exchange Place, Broadway, Liberty St., South St. Broadway, State St., Exchange Place, South St. 5,797 1,978 2,353 3,599 3,618 75 61 72 78 81 Source: LlRPB based on Census data 32 '5\ \~~ 1 \~'!I, . 'i2('.>t"L~_ ......1L I \1.1.1 \1.\\ i \\~ i \\10 ),i , \~ \ ~,~" '1' \.. ~ I, I. l, U"I'_.__.!' .'1',," , ., . ' ,,"~' i \ Sif!L' t Sf !~'L!. '-"!.!':!.: .' 1 ~ .'> "I ,c.,.__ -'-, '>-' ,; _j ~: "j! "-..'<. '-- - ; \\~ ~\ \\~ ~'ll \\\\ I ~~ ~1.f '1',,- .,.i' 'I,~I ,.., 1 \..~ :___ . TC ~l ''f': --1 __ - I '\ ~." , ;~.- .,.",~ ._ S'~ ~'1 "~I\\I~ I\'l-\G;I\"I ,91 :'1G I \ '1~G "I\~O\'!I~ :, ~ \'!I:'\ :~~'l~~~\,~ \\\~I) \\\~ "1'\\fO~\ rl \ c.: '/.0.'0 'li1'/.' SI I:-T ' '!", ,111. ~! ,. \'!I'.> In.'''"... I _ _. .,d 10~ ", ~~1 ~G~ ~1.L2'.'T'. .---", ~: I~ '0" 1,00 '!I'!I : ~O~ \'!I\ 1 \\\.., \\\1.J \\\\\ I '1'1~ ~ ~: I \ . .CT'" \ '!,Ilq" ,<,~1 I '/.~\)~ ,'01 ,'!,'Ii' I ~ 10 I r--"----r-----+~---~1'l4,'>' 13i!.I sTi l4qTH~ ~, I '190 I '1~ \1.\'0 ,9'1 \1.\'/.'/.~1 ~S;-~o~oy I '1~9\\ '1Gl~ ~ I "I' "."1 \ " ~ G' I ~ < I ...1. I' ~ CO to ~ , I' \~~Il r ,~'1 '1.~" _~ ~6~ \\~ - -1 \~"I~:~~,.";'/.' we ~,1 ~'O 1 Z i . I L.1lYJ. _+-__~__'/.<,'!,:~..____~:"i 'ls~'ll'!i~.S'~D SI "~~~ '\~T -,Ii I I ~~:'\ '9 c. ~11" I ,'1 11'~ > ,G I ..'/.'/. r~" . ":~ I .~~",,,, ~' \\....;-\\~f.- I.~ ;. '., ,:;~:'"" ,I, m- :,J I\~ 1 :1' :'>\~~'-I; ~~ \~~~l~;'/.lll ~~~ I :q,~r I 3~~;'/. ~~~ '1~ 9' - ~'1':\ ,~'1 ~1~ ,G '10 ~ 'I I ~~~ c U,"\~~q,lll_ \\') '/.1l<'~1~1 :~~'!,I. :'\~,I' ~~~ :'\~'!,'1 I n~ \ I \ I .. ,,1v l 29TH ST 0 ..-1< i \ [.~' "'I'" ., ,~ol . ':;' ~ . I G~ ~ f01.J '\ w ',," ' " s' ~,G ~OO I '1GO ~ 1010 <,'/. ,0, ~ ~'!I I ,A9:\ ~,~~, ~fO I fO~ T , ",:\:'\ ~1. ~'/., ~ ~q, I ""~I <,,'Ii ~'/.'/. ,G~ l I3RD Sf , ;) _, S' 0' .. 1" ~----t-A-M1:$T f, mf Sf 10 g fOv (\ o ~~ I G~:,\ ~Sf ,~G '/.'5 20" sf "Cb ' ~~q, 0 GA'O [ 19TH S1 \ W 181" i 51 I .. ~1.., \\ I ~9 -,/"\~I'~~ ~\1l~19~ ~\'!,'lil ~'!,'Ii' ~1~1 f;)q,.,rol "\1 .,-\iw"" ~-ls H . \ ,., " ~\,\ t,:~~~~:,:-;Ic,,~ PI. SQ ~~::; s ~ ""'* ~, o ;,'~ ,~ (\ ....~ '!,'Ii ~l~;~T I i ST:~ [:'~S1 0, 1." 33 Fig. 2.6 MODE OF TRAVEL FOR WORKTRIPS INTO THE MIDTOWN MANHATTAN CBD, BY CENSUS TRACTS 1970 Rail Aulo 4133 1560 ....~1. _ f l~l H ~T EXT '\ , "' ~ ~~ ~,o:,~ 1 , ... \) : \ ~ --'" '-'-, t- __,,_J I \'t:J- ,''1: ' \'~ I "co: 1 ,':,~ }, ~i \..~ I ~Lill~' -\L~"\-'"------t\ ",;:,--~~~I .y.~ ""I w""~[)" I !, I ,t\ ,."" ~J ...: 0'-"'--''':---------' i,'~~'I"~"'t "V 1.\)CO\)'}.l ~!''-'- -T"--c,,~~\..1 i \..':, f----------- I -r;-+:.:r..J -~--j - ----J-\.-.----:-"'i ,"---- - _-"'H'~ __ __CL. 9 '30.."" ~~..",t 130..",~ 0'" I~" "1" ~I '?I ;;;. 3Q 1\\ :l j \\ '\~I \\ .,:&.I -J n.a.. ~, , oo? <', ~\..(\. 'I ,....1 'w'i!'9,'t'[\~ ~'ll "\;"~:'""CO' .. \ ~o :;)":J<a'O I ';.),\"!J~o t- S;:--I ~-~-~-t- -- \ '6~" : ,\I b. _ ~ I, \~':, b,"----_---1---:-___jL1~09 ~:,,3' '1,,3 ~f-'---'-"-"---- +----"i ~! 'I,~ ~"'~ L' ,11....~ [,,9~ ~\ 1 \\)"1 \\)'}. I \\)\) ,AO to. i I I \ \;> ~'b'l. \ '1><:;'1.1 l1~~ 'l.1'b~ I 'I.~~~ ~"'l.<:;~ I I ~ ,''I. I j 331 -- i 0 ~'}.\'" A"\'}.~~'b~r1~;~ '3~~ ~ ,~~~r! 3~~~'_- ~t ~ , 1 \'}.~ '61" _ " < 9 ~ ~..~ ~J- ~<:;~'IJ ~1 . ::; , I ~'b<:; I ~~ \ "A19\,,~ ~~, ~~"'! f '''Ij.AA~ W" S1 ~ lIl!;", I \'l: ",'I." " <,'IJ<:; ,,1A ~ ~ SI A9 " '\ ,,'...;;J ST [ ~ 4?~D 5T 1,\1 Cl. : E I ,L_YL-'l-"JL_ -r---- -------r -f"'-4 ~'vA'IJ I " 5' _ I 111 ,1 ,,9 ~ ~,,1.. I " '9'~ ,1 __91 I 'I.'" , '-IX' ""---- ~,ll.. 'L ''IJ'" \\"'1>'lJ1 I \\;> A'" I ~O i ~'}. <I "\) f---;- 19," 5'--i i 'x' "I,. ~~-\"-: ,~1~\\ ---, ~~9--~1~i ~~! 'I.'O'I.'IJ I ~A'lJj! '~\~11 \~ J~ ~ 1 \ ~",'I. \~A1"'~ ,,,-=-~ U2L_L ---'" ~'l.lJ\" Ij '\~ ._lL1..!.lJ1~___r-~-~ sr ~ I 1~ f. 34TH S1 ~ '~09 ~ ' AAA , ~"A 3 ,A3 I \< ~~ 1 ,0 \~~ I \~~~11__~;'CO: ".. ! 1'}. ",\A\! I;' nn..() r~-;:~~-........-------..~---.~~ 1~6.! n~6., ~1CO i _ _ I n1 ,? lIP i S i ~ I '\ i~'" i L_.U'1-.U:L.2...-_i'~ ,'" \ i ,~~" ~'l' ~1 ~~ '" W 18!-"-J--L'-'1JL..j___---ill i CO'}. I, \ I 1'IJ, \'l.A~ ST i i I 3~ ~i 9 1 \ f-^-1JiJ!'--~t--- ST 3,,3 J A~1 i ~A~ ~I CO\'I. i ~~ \ \~ 130 ~~ A'I. ,,' ~'A~\"'A' l~ Il~'" I ~~ r-L~~"H S'-Ln"~;\ . ....~'}. \....2/-I\D ~wn~ll I. _._:u.~ v 1'" i i ,."'e..... >"e..C\ ..., -'s1' i I U ~.l:_I.!...21;.;r --l.-.-.-.- S) i v-1'z.()1: v\J ,,1. \.. 133 ~~~'I. I~~ ~"~'IJ'IJ i ~T T ~AI ;I ". , r..___1J.m--'l~ ','\ ,_ : _ . ,S I "i S~ ,. ,:;ITH :,;, i \ ~I".._, " ':,.. I ~J-~I ':,\) : 19 l~" ~ D. \ ~I ,,~ ~'I. ~I 'lJA ~\~, I 'I.'lJA 11'0 ~I 1'1.'IJ I "~'!l~ I .... ~~ "". ,k . \ I - ,n-l I . S' .t.LJ.r>< \! I '+"'~ ".1IH s' ~--\::' -- ,\ 1--'-- I '~--\~;:--t--------T--------T--------2-r'Y', --~-ln-------- \ If .,.. , I c;\ ? ,-, i I.' d, 1 .\ ~~," ' :J}\ ~I CO~ ll;~C--~,\"'j ..\) i :~J '}.V 0\ " l' '_..0/ \",,- ~I 2.:! - \ "": t 9!H i 51 <::I~' S~ I f: ~1" 51 __I ,," .,\~~' 'J~^ ~' ->--'--,- r----- i J." \ \ \ i j ~I o :~ Fig. 2.7 MODE OF TRAVEL FOR WORKTRIPS INTO THE MIDTOWN MANHATTAN CBD, BY CENSUS TRACT 1980 Rail Aulo 1560 \ , 4133 \ \ , \ ---\ \ \ \ \ 34 The ratio of rail-to-auto trips to less heavily traveled downtown census tracts was much lower. These tracts are not within easy subway access from Penn Station. They are also located outside the dense downtown office complex and have more parking available. TABLE 2.9 Number and Percent 01 Rail Trips For Worktrips to Selected Midtown Manhallan Census Tracts, 1980 Census Tract Number 01 Rail Trips Percent 01 Rail & Auto Trips Approximate Tract Boundaries 27 31 8 Park Row, Pearl SI., Madison SI., Catherine SI. Park Row, Centre SI., Canal SI., Broadway Catherine SI., Division SI., Pike SI., South SI. 235 1,012 16 Source: L1RPB based on Census data TABLE 2.10 17% 41 7 Town and Origin lor Bi.County Worktrips to Kennedy Airport, 1980 A Case Study 01 Worktrips Irom Nassau.Sullolk to John F. Kennedy International Airport In 1980, 18,744 bi-county residents commuted to the Kennedy Airport area, down from 21,034 in 1970. This represents a decline of 11 %. Approximately 68 % of all worktrips originated in Nassau County in 1980; the remaining 32% came from Suffolk. As in 1970, 98 % of all worktrips to this area were made by car in 1980. In 1980, the largest number of commuters, 9,036, originated in the Town of Hempstead. An additional 2,477 came from the Town of Oyster Bay, 1,628 from the Town of Babylon, 1,285 from the Town of North Hempstead, 1,074 from the Town of Brook- haven and 1,803 from the Town of Islip. Therefore, the pre- ponderance of worktrips into the Kennedy Airport area originated in the southern portion of Long Island. This geographic pattern of origin also characterized worktrips into Kennedy Airport in 1970. Town Number 01 Number 01 Worktrips Town Worktrips Hempstead North Hempstead Oyster Bay 9,036 1,285 2,4 77 Total Nassau 12,798 Source: LlRPB based on Census data. 35 Babylon Brookhaven East Hampton Huntington Islip Riverhead Shelter Island Smithtown Southampton Southold Total Suffolk 1,628 1,074 o 960 1,803 o o 470 11 o 5,946 The Spatial Pattern of Worktrips from New York City to Nassau.Suffolk Today, sufficient numbers of New York City residents work in Nassau-Suffolk to generate significant traffic in the reverse direction. In 1980, some 61,000 Manhattan, Queens and Brook- lyn residents commuted to jobs in Nassau-Suffolk. This repre- sents a 6% decline since 1970, when approximately 65,000 Manhattan, Queens and Brooklyn residents worked in Nassau- Suffolk. Almost 80% of all reverse commuters originated in Queens. In 1980, some 48,000 Queens residents were employed in Nassau-Suffolk, about the same number as in 1970. More than 90% of them worked in nearby Nassau County. In 19804,500 Manhattan residents commuted to jobs in Nassau-Suffolk, the same number as in 1970. An additional 8,400 Brooklyn residents held bi-county jobs, down from 12,200 in 1970. Therefore, except for declines in the number of Brooklyn residents employed in Nassau-Suffolk, there were striking similarities In the pattern of reverse commutation between New York City and Nassau-Suf- folk in both 1970 and 1980. In both years, the largest number of reverse commuters came from eastern Queens. In 1980, for example, almost 11,000 reverse commuters originated in the Queens Village-Glen Oaks area of Queens. An additional 6,000 originated in the Laurelton- Springfield Gardens area. More than half of the 4,500 workers who commuted from Manhattan to Nassau-Suffolk came from the area above 59th Street. Brooklyn reverse commuters were evenly distributed between three zones: Flatbush-Canarsie, Downtown Brooklyn, and Bay Ridge-Borough Park. These findings suggest that despite substantial employment increases in Nassau-Suffolk during the 1970s, reverse commuta- tion from New York City failed to increase during the decade. In fact, the number of reverse commuters declined slightly. Part of the explanation may be that Queens residents who would nor- mally commute to jobs in adjacent Nassau County also had the option of traveling to Manhattan, where large numbers of finan- cial and service industry jobs were generated between 1970 and 1980. Moreover, Manhattan jobs could be reached by public transportation, including newly-instituted express buses. By con- trast, most Nassau job locations could only be reached by car from Queens. Whatever the explanation, it appears that New York City residents did not benefit, in terms of employment, from the large increase in jobs that occurred in Nassau-Suffolk during the 1970s. The mode of travel used by reverse commuters in 1980 was similar to that utilized in 1970. Most came by car. Among reverse commuters coming from Manhattan, 66% came by car in 1980 as compared with only 62% in 1970. Among those coming from Queens, 84 % came by car, about the same proportion as in 1970. Among lhose originating in Brooklyn, 79% came by car as compared with only 70 % in 1970. Those using buses and/or sub- ways for the reverse journey declined proportionately-from 21 % to 10% in Manhattan, from 12% to 11 % in Queens and from 20% to 9% in Brooklyn. There was however, a small in- crease in the proporlion of Manhattan and Brooklyn residents who used the Long Island Railroad for the reverse journey. Some 16% of those commuting from Manhattan used the railroad as compared with only 14% in 1970. Approximately 9% of those coming from Brooklyn traveled by railroad as compared with 6% in 1970. Therefore, except in rare instances, mosl reverse commuta- tion from New York City 10 Nassau-Suffolk still occurs by car. The only significant use of the Long Island Railroad for reverse commutation occurred for those Manhattan residents who re- sided between 34th and 59th Street, within easy reach of Penn Station. The only significant use of buses and subways for reverse travel occurred for those living in the Jamaica-Kennedy Airport areas and in downtown Brooklyn. Implications for Public Policy During the past decade, Long Island's employment base and resident labor force expanded rapidly. Nassau and Suffolk Coun- ties gained approximately 213,000 jobs between 1970 and 1980. During the same period, almost 250,000 new workers entered the Long Island labor force. Current commuter linkages between Nassau-Suffolk and New York City reflect these changes. It should be noted that the relationship between job growth and labor force growth is not a one-lo-one relationship. That is, some of the new labor force entrants commuted to jobs outside the Long Island area. By the same token, some of lhe new bi-county jobs were filled by commuters from New York City. 36 >>; I I I f r I I ~~9 / ~ <0 9 ,,~ 37 iJi Rail Auto 4133 1560 Fig. 2.8 NET CHANGE IN NUMBER OF AUTO AND RAIL TRIPS INTO THE MIDTOWN MANHATTAN CBO, 1970.1980 .~t e.,... iYl Fig. 2.9 NUMBER OF NASSAU- SUFFOLK WORKTRIPS INTO THE DOWNTOWN MANHATTAN CBD BY CENSUS TRACT , 1980 ~~ I ~ ~ " ~ " ~ ~~ ~'" c~ ~ it "l) '" , ~,/ ~\9J ~ ~ ,1 I I I I I , '- <-, /: 38 TABLE 2.11 ~. Destinations of Manhattan, Queens and Brooklyn I Residents Employed in Nassau-Suffolk i by Zone of Origin and Mode of Travel I 1970, 1980 l County of Destination (No. of Trips) Mode of Travel (% of Trips)' I Busl I Zone of Nassau Suffolk Bi.County Auto Subway Rail ~ Origin 1970 1980 1970 1980 1970 1980 1970 1980 1970 1980 1970 1980 Manhattan 3,677 3,488 860 1,046 4,537 4,534 62% 66% 21% 10% 14% 16% Below Canal SI. 155 113 56 67 211 180 46 70 25 7 18 13 Canal to 14th St. 598 490 137 292 735 782 54 61 24 5 17 14 14th to 34th SI. 412 421 98 173 510 594 65 60 16 10 13 15 34th to 59th St. 223 522 7 50 230 572 57 55 14 10 27 27 Above 59th SI. 2,289 1,942 562 464 2,851 2,406 64 71 22 11 12 15 Queens 42,903 43,544 5,325 4,542 48,228 48,086 83% 84% 12% 11% 3% 2% Bayside- Little Neck 3,062 2,745 246 315 3,308 3,060 90 90 6 4 2 2 ~ Queens Viilage- Glen Oaks 7,903 10,010 575 711 8,478 10,721 90 86 6 8 0 5 ~ Flushing 4,887 4,882 761 554 5,648 5,436 89 90 7 6 3 3 I Laurelton- I Springfield ~ Gardens 4,217 5,389 269 567 4,486 5,956 82 83 12 11 2 Kennedy Airport- Rockaway ~ Penninsula 3,578 3,158 202 108 3,780 3,266 75 66 21 30 0 LaGuardia Airport- I Long Island City 1,362 1,339 601 249 1,963 1,588 71 84 19 8 6 5 I Woodhaven- Richmond Hill 3,231 3,356 416 357 3,647 3,713 82 89 11 8 4 2 , Jamaica-Hollls- ~ SI. Albans 4,326 2,919 366 291 4,692 3,210 73 65 23 28 3 5 i Forest Hills- I Kew Gardens 4,349 4,100 762 471 5,111 4,571 84 85 11 13 3 2 I Jackson Heights- f Elmhurst-Corona 4,212 4,147 589 704 4,801 4,851 81 86 11 7 6 6 ! Maspeth- Middle Village 1,776 1,499 538 215 2,314 1,714 82 96 9 2 3 0 39 TABLE 2.11 (Cont'd.) County of Destination (No. of Trips) Zone of Origin Nassau 1970 1980 Suffolk 1970 1980 Bi.County 1970 1980 Mode of Travel (% of Trips)' Busl Auto Subway Rail 1970 1980 1970 1980 1970 ~980 Brooklyn 10,101 7,008 2,130 1,394 12,231 8,402 70% 79% 20% 9% 6% 9% Flatbush- Canarsie 2,573 2,582 502 392 3,075 2,974 77 83 16 8 4 7 Downtown Brooklyn 3,522 1,888 663 432 4,185 2,320 52 63 32 20 10 13 Bay Ridge- Borough Park 4,006 2,538 965 570 4,971 3,108 81 88 13 3 4 8 TOTAL 56,681 54,040 8,315 6,982 64,996 61,022 * Note: Excludes trips by taxi, jitney, etc. Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census Commutation From Nassau-Suffolk to New York City_ The recent growth of jobs on Long Island and the growing depth and diversity of the bi-county employment base curtailed the growth af bi-county commuters to Manhattan, Queens and Brooklyn. Be- tween 1970 anc' 1980, the number of Nassau-Suffolk residents who commuted to jobs in these boroughs increased from 243,504 to 268,907, an increase of 25,403 or about 10%. The number of commuters originating in Nassau increased from 183,678 to 197,595, a gain of 13,917 or almost 8%. The number of commuters originating in Suffolk increased from 59,826 to 71,312, a gain of 11,486 or about 19%. These gains are extremely modest, given the surge of new labor force entrants on Long Island. For example, from 1970 to 1980, Nassau's labor force increased from 587,880 to 655,584, a gain of 67,704 or almost 12%. Suffolk's resident labor force jumped from 404,201 to 574,338, a gain of 170,137 or about 42%. As a result of the modest increase in outcommutation from Nassau-Suffolk to New York City, the ratio of outcommuters to total bi-county labor force participants actually declined between 1970 and 1980. In Nassau, this ratio declined from 31.2 % to 30.1%. In Suffolk it declined from 14.8% to 12.4%. This ratio is likely to decline even more in coming years. Long Island Regional Planning Board projections indicate that 162,000 jobs are likely to be created on Long Island during the 1980s but that only 48,000 new workers are expected to enter the bi-county labor force. In effect, more than three jobs will be created for every new worker during the 1980s and the labor surplus of the 1970s will be transformed into a labor shortage during the 1980s. Therefore, Long Island residents will increasingly be able to find employment within Nassau and Suffolk Counties. The an- ticipated proliferation of jobs in sophisticated business services will draw some financial and management personnel who cur- ~ l , ~ 1 I ~ ~ , 40 .... ",..-, .. -, '. 1f,'~:U ) ,).,] _J\:, .1 '<;:'i+ I "':. !:V~ 'IlF'f jd0~jd2 :015';2201 ti "2 i, j' 'fi 18~'i'u~, I:fJ' ::;f i'I 'O.IJ . ;, ---:,~,.. !t/ ~ ',,:iJ~::: i~;: n3i /'i'i'c,~", _ 20 Wi 1 ',"',~.'\~'n{',!~'~i" ";{~f"CE~~m'l' h012:' " 13 '.,J . .!)f"""~\" ",,,,,_"..: "~,: 489 .. 31 / 349,.. .j\-'" ""r, :.c~,1q~)\~~ 15 I , ,r .1 .'. 29 "'J -';:'''~1'''6'' . ,":.., 0 '~_.;,\'.'"''''\',.',.': 't \11, ' ! i:";';'i;fg14~~/ 3~~v~ji', 'l!.! ,. ~ ,"':,:;.,.. ,~ -'/ IJ~"H'i%\ ~l1, --.. -'::,,~:;_~,:4,::''''\1j)i.~: "~~} iI, ~t ;i';~'J" ,~~~;;~~~~j; :;.. .0~~:;O~' ! ",I - :fS,2353 ......, 340 . f ',"I 1968" c'::";'" 1';, 111 't '.y II ',,: ". ~Ilf ,\II 11..- j ,,:;i~599 "]-"!';~36. ~ .!i::it :;-~"-~'ii'': ; (,1 -'~,/ ! "36nl;', 1041 /' \0';;ii~"";,;:,i:::~_":,~~'~":f;;i;:..,,..,,. '-'!., :i 148 , "~dll ;1 li;i.'hii :i \ 144 -1! . . .;.~ "..i o 319 Fig. 2.10 MODE OF TRAVEL FOR WORKTRIPS INTO THE DOWNTOWN MANHATTAN CBD BY CENSUS TRACT 1980 Rail Auto 4133 1560 19 41 'hi.; i.:ir.- i.7:; ;.... !~~, .',i I I \ l rently work in Manhattan back to Long Island. While the crush of automobiles traveling Long Island highways in the direction of New York City during morning rush hours will not disappear in coming years, commuter pressure in this direction will probably not increase. In fact, automobile congestion may be significantly ameliorated if some of these trips can be siphoned off by the Long Island Railroad and by greater utilization of carpools. Commutation From New York City to Nassau-Suffolk. Despite the rapid growth of jobs on Long Island, reverse com- mutation from Manhattan, Queens and Brooklyn to Nassau-Suf- folk failed to increase between 1970 and 1980. In fact, the number of reverse commuters from these boroughs to Nassau- Suffolk actually declined slightly. The decline reflected a falloff in reverse commutation from Brooklyn. The number of commuters from Brooklyn to Nassau-Suffolk declined from 12,231 in 1970 to 8,402 in 1980. By contrast, the number of reverse commuters from Manhattan held constant at about 4,500. The number of reverse commuters from Queens held constant at about 48,000. There are a number of explanations for the failure of reverse commutation from New York City to increase as expected. For example, much of the recent job growth has occurred in western Suffolk. It is likely that some New York City residents employed in Suffolk moved to Long Island during the 1970s to be closer to their jobs. New York City residents also had the option of working in Manhattan's booming office sector instead of reverse com- muting to Long Island Jobs. Given current projections of iabor force and job growth on Long Island, reverse commutation from New York City to Nas- sau-Suffolk should increase considerably in coming years. As long as affordable housing remains available, those New York City residents employed on Long Island will attempt to move to Long Island. Once it costs more to move to Long Island than to com- mute from New York City, they will choose to commute thereby causing added road congestion in the reverse direction. There- fore, to assure that Long Island's job base will grow as projected, affordable housing as well as better public transportation in the reverse direction will be needed. 42 Chapter 3.. .. Concentration of Employment Analysis - Methodology In order to better understand commuting patterns on Long Island, it is necessary to identify major employment concentra- tions. The data to accomplish this was derived from the 1980 Ur- ban Transportaiton Pianning Package (UTPP). Local information was used to provide a check on the reliability of the data and to aid in its analysis. The Urban Transportation Planning Package provides tabula- tions at the census tract and block group levels for workers by place of residence and place of work. The census tract level was used as the basis for much of this analysis. Block groups are much harder to identify than census tracts and the accuracy of the data is questionable. The first step in working with the data was to check it for reliability. Different types of employment were checked using dif- ferent sources. Commercial employment was checked against the 1977 Cen- sus of Retail Trade. This source contains data for Major Retail Centers (such as malls) and total retail employment in incorp- orated villages with a population of more than 2,500 peopie. From this one source alone, it can be seen that several large shopping centers had been allocated to the wrong census tract and in one case the wrong town. Shopping centers are a problem because they usually do not have a street address and are, therefore, hard to code into a specific census tract. Examples of shopping centers which were incorrectly coded are: . Green Acres Mall . Roosevelt Field . Sunrise Mall . Gardiner Manor Shopping Center . South Shore Mall . Sun Vet Mall . Smithaven Mall The error in these shopping centers alone amount to over 15,500 jobs. Another check on commercial employment was the Com- merciai Development Ana/yses-1982 by the Long Island Regional Planning Board. This report contains data on office buildings, shopping centers and hotellmotel development. The office space section was invaluable in checking employment produced by major office buildings. 43 Several sources were available to check industrial employ- ment. The 1977 Census of Manufacturers was useful in pinpoint- ing industrial jobs as was the Industrial Location Analyses-19aO by the Long Island Regional Planning Board. This study verifies that approximately 13,000 workers were incorrectly placed in Farmingdale when they actually worked in East Farmingdale. This error is, therefore, reflected in the Town of Oyster Bay and Nassau County, being 13,000 workers too high and the Town of Babylon and Suffolk County, being 13,000 workers too low. Other sources used to check industrial employment were the 19a1 Directory of Manufacturers by the Nassau County Department of Commerce and Industry and the Suffolk County Department of Economic Development; and the New Plants and Expansions newsletter produced by the Long Island Lighting Company. The number of service workers was found in the 1977 Census of Service Industries. While no discrepancies were found using this source, it was added to the total employment to check area totals. The Long IslandlBusiness Research Bureau maintains a list of major employers as does the Long Island Regional Planning Board. These lists showed several major employers which were erroneously coded to adjacent census tracts. These included Central Islip and Kings Park Psychiatric Centers, Brookhaven Memorial Hospital, the State University of New York at Stony Brook and Entenmanns Bakery. Nassau and Suffolk County civil service employment was also used as a source for checking numbers. Because Suffolk County buildings do not usually have addresses, they were sometimes coded in the wrong census tract and in two cases the adjacent tract was in the wrong town. This occurred with the H. Lee Den- nison Building and the New York State Office Building, both in Hauppauge, and the Riverhead County Center which is actually in Southampton Town. One other source used was public school empioyment. While individual school employment is relatively small, schools do pro- vide some employment to a great many census tracts. One cen- sus tract in Hauppauge contains the high school and junior high school, but was reported as having no workers. The 1970 and 1980 journey to work data was compared at the census tract level. This pinpointed discrepancies between the two census years. The sum of these previously mentioned data sources served as a general indication of the accuracy of the census data when the 1980 tract data was aggregated to the Census Designated Place (COP) level. For the most part, the data checked out very well. Errors in the data were generally related to large postal districts, many of which crossed town and community bound- aries. Oata for the five eastern Suffolk County towns were of little use since the data was poorly allocated, or not allocated at all. The poor allocation was mainly due to rural postal delivery, which omits street addresses, and the extensive use of post of- fice boxes. Knowing the limitations of the data, it is now much easier to accurately define employment centers. The census tract level is clearly not accurate enough to be used as defining employment concentrations. For this reason groupings of census tracts were used. The easiest way to group tracts is to group them into the Census Designated Places (COP's). This has the added feature of providing these groupings with a recognizable place name. It also provides data that is easily checked and found to be much more accurate. An unexpected advantage to grouping by place was that many workers, especially in New York City, were not coded to their census tract of work but were coded to their place of work. This improved the count of workers by place of work, which was significant in western Nassau County. Although the accuracy of the data was much improved by using COP's as the basis of the study, there were still some ob- vious inconsistencies in some areas. in order to maintain the in- tegrity of the data, several employment centers are comprised of two or three CDP's. These groupings tended to approximate those postal districts which were found to have had coding er- rors. Three employment centers were designated to reflect unof- ficially recognized clusters. These include . Great Neck peninsula . Port Washington peninsula . the Five Towns area of Cedarhurst, the Hewletts, Inwood, Lawrence and Woodmere. There were thirty-two employment centers designated, each providing jobs for at least 10,000 workers. These employment centers account for almost two-thirds of all the jobs on Long Island. Nassau County contains nineteen of the employment 44 centers; Suffolk County has twelve, and there is one loeated in both counties. Appendix table 3.1 contains the employment center ran kings. A map was made for each employment center. These maps used census tracts as a base to show the origin of workers who come to that employment center. Unlike the destination data, which had serious problems coding jobs to census tracts, the origin data was much more accurate at the census tract level. The 32 Major Employment Centers are shown on Figure 3.1. The individual maps follow page 71. Job Growth in Major Employment Centers The Journey to Work data on a tract basis from the 1970 and 1980 census has been allocated into the 1980 community and employment center areas to provide some idea of the magnitude of change in jobs in the areas with the largest amount of employ- ment. At least 3/4 of all the growth has occurred in the 1980 employment centers. Of the thirty-two largest employment areas in 1980, all but two, Hempstead and Bethpage, experienced grow1h in the decade. The major employer in Bethpage is Grum- man and the decline in employment there created the commun- ity loss. The Village of Hempstead sustained office and commer- cial abandonments which resulted in an 8.2 % loss of jobs. The following table summarizes the job growth in both county's employment centers. Table 3.1 shows that Melville is the area that has by far the largest amount of job increase and the highest percentage growth which is attributable to large office complexes that have made Melville the number one area on Long Island in total square feet of office space. On a percentage basis there were more Suffolk County communities in the upper growth rate. How- ever, in total number of jobs, Nassau County communities, such as Syosset-Woodbury, Garden City Area, Hicksville-Jericho and the Lake Success-New Hyde Park area, each added ap- proximately 9,000 to 11,000 jobs. The Syosset-Woodbury area added office jobs to an existing industrial base. Industrial and retail development in the Garden City area was supplemented by extensive office growth. The Lake Success-New Hyde Park Area also experienced a significant amount of office growth with some industrial expansion. TABLE 3.1 Job Growth (1970-1980) in Major Employment Centers Rank Employment Center Number Percent 1. Melville' 19,103 196.0 2. Syosset - Woodbury 11,339 85.5 3. Garden City Area 10,625 36.4 4. Bohemia - Ronkonkoma' 9,425 107.3 5. Hicksville-Jericho 9,238 34.6 6. Hauppauge' 9,051 57.3 7. Lake Success- New Hyde Park Area 8,942 42.8 8. Farmingdale Area' 8,696 36.5 9. Mineola 8,014 71.7 10. Westbury Area 7,979 59.5 11. Bay Shore Area 7,599 57.1 12. Great Neck Area 7,208 69.3 13. Port Jefferson Area' 6,572 114.3 14. Manhasset Area 6,295 92.1 15. Stony Brook 5,624 124.3 16. Amityville Area 5,357 62.4 17. Brentwood-Central Islip 4,954 31.0 18. Five Towns 4,372 31.7 19. Babylon Area 4,065 39.8 20. Valley Stream Area 3,813 30.3 21. Huntington Area 3,782 17.2 22. East Meadow Area 3,766 48.4 23. Oceanside 3,680 54.0 24. Plainview 3,612 29.5 25. Glen Cove 3,517 41.6 26. Port Washington Area 3,342 48.8 27. Rockville Centre 3,022 38.2 28. Freeport 2,912 28.1 29. Deer Park 2,520 25.3 30. Patchogue Area 1,845 15.9 31. Hempstead - 1,359 - 8.2 32. Bethpage - 2,603 -10.9 * Employment Center boundaries have been adjusted to 1970 census tract boun- daries to allow comparisons. 45 Huntington Hempstead/ Harbor (I , . Smith --'"'"". /" ,'-.~~ll\: t .;.... _/ " _I ',. - \'n~ . ': ~.. ~;r.~J~'~"1..~.. "k~\ ':t ~', ;"J ,'/~ ./~~:_ll...)", l ... ".( ... "-_--! --1,- ~~ 1 . : ,. .T), - ,o? ':'k:\.'=- _ f.r. - ':~:'0;,-,:(y_ ',__' ': :. . 1;\f1. '&:?;';:~~~~'i:5:;~.i.-: ~ .:'\:_ '-'''''....... ......~).:'f:-:...... '..: --"-..-'1.-:- ~ -,," ,,....,__,,,( . ''''-''''~'' I ,~-, _ .. ~.: .. I !....~ '<(...~. .,...~'.... \ .~l" '" I""r ..JI ,,-, "'-,. ,--.L~_"-''-_h_J__, ,",,'_ ~^ ~";''':' --/l~-'..._,_~__. ,. 'Y.:~~\\ L..rl.. ':'(-'-~"J." , \~ \" ..< ~ t '_ r",::., -'1_, ~,-. ~j " -t..,,_. _, "- 'f:"~ I ~- - I r1 1-...1"... \ ....._ 0_ ,_ 1"- ~~""I "'i-'r~~;__'__'-_"_'_i_,_; ~..~ ;;;e.::., f.-,;c.:"l-'--J;;'::"_~"-; ,:;-_.,',; .) ~ _. " z),........,(\" ~~...~- - I_\.~ '{ ,j ..00;:-)....'0("..1 _ _ ~-S':{.J:\"';~~:;l('z::"..~~..! _ :.----l. ......15 ..., ~~ ~rt"~"':"';:-~~':T"'''~'''''''l''''.l':r_... .. _ " .... ........+., .~.;Jc&.- ~r_'.<;.. '" _ -;lll...."...~:~.......:--J.:'. _... '''\",..=t..'..~...-;....._ '-;l.'''''''''''-i.'~-,,,, ',. ",'" ~"./'l ,""'.-;-~' '""...\ . ~ ':'.;''''=-r-;'q "1- .\'JJ'~"".r.. "-;'~~~........-.."i=~ -~'''~''...,,;..f'''' ....!........... J ...........':.~..-...-. '.--I ....... '.-;'>- ;..~\, It".. ..~...i\.'Ji--VO-... "--, 'Or.:... "';'7 ~'-.""'\_-a;.;"{v..;'),, ..,~.. I,,... ~'~?.., .~ .........:......:: "';....~_.. ~l.. 1 ;'''~ ...~.. ;f.. ") . I,~... ,_ . ~.. . \....../.. _:-..~ ~ I" J~" .""~JI!~..r.:. :. ........... ......./......'.:i ' .; ..~ "'z.. ..r-"./...{ ..', '.c..,'\...!..,.. / ' t-!....'.:... ""_~/-':;':-\_ :....... ~~y" ...~~'...._ .\ 'L~".,._,..."..;;-. I \,; .. /. .. ,.......:. ' 11~~.'4(,:/\ " ." f., .~....l .. -I.. .. ---.- 46 Smithtown Bay I~',ll -. Great "ti.~...1 Bay ~ , ! 47 .LEGEND Number of Workers by Place of Work c=J lD-14,999 l1li15-19,999 .. 2D-24,999 ... 25,DOO+ o , " ,'" f \"IJO i' ' 9.r"'~' - ~'_".# /., --~ I ; I' .. , "u" , , , , (/ 7' ~ ~ Fig. 3.1 MAJOR EMPLOYMENT CENTERS ""." ""... , ~ ~ 'D ~, I...... ," ~ O' .' IU'." ".... scali in millU long island .. new york o . . lONG ISLAND IIGIOUI rUNNING lOUD Suffolk communities with very high percentage growth after Melville included Stony Brook, Port Jefferson Area, Bohemia.Ronkonkoma and the Amityville Area. There were different types of job growth in all of these locations. The institu. tional jobs at Stony Brook were supplemented by more insitu- tional jobs with the opening of the Stony Brook Health Science Center. The Port Jefferson Area had a combination of jobs, but added new retail and offices to the existing employment. The Bohemia-Ronkonkoma area expanded transportation related jobs and added extensive industrial growth plus some office growth. The Amityville Area, with an existing industrial and retail base, experienced industriai expansion. Industry 01 Employment in Major Employment Centers The Journey to Work data summarized the industry of employ- ment of all workers. This information has been placed in seven general categories in order to analyze the type of jobs that exist in each of the major work places. Appendix Table 3.1 lists the thirty-two largest empioyment centers and provides the total number of workers and the seven major categories of employ- ment in each center. Industrial employment which includes manufacturing and wholesaie trade is often one of the higher paying occupations. There are a few communities which are very dependent on in- dustrial jobs. Table 3.2 indicates the employment centers with the largest percentage of industrial jobs. The Grumman facility at Bethpage accounts for most of the 70% of that community's jobs that are industrial related. The Farmingdale Area and Deer Park also have more than half of their jobs in the industrial category. Table 3.3 ranks the industrial jobs by order of magnitude. The Farmingdale Area appears at the top of this list with over 16,000 industrial jobs. The overwhelming proportion of these jobs are in the community of East Farmingdale, which is iden- tified in the 1980 Industrial Location Analyses done by the Long Island Regional Planning Board as the area with the largest amount of industrially zoned land used for industrial purposes. TABLE 3.2 Major Employment Centers with Highest Percentage 01 Industrial Jobs Rank Employment Center 1 Bethpage 2 Farmingdale Area 3 Deer Park 4 Hauppauge 5 Bohemia-Ronkonkoma 6 Plainview 7 Melville 8 Glen Cove 9 Lake Success-New Hyde Park Area 10 Syosset - Woodbu ry TABLE 3.3 Major Employment Areas with Highest Number 01 Industrial Jobs Rank Employment Center Number 1 Farmingdale Area 2 Bethpage 3 Melville 4 Hauppauge 5 Hicksville-Jericho 16,485 14,330 11,859 11,087 8,946 Percent 70.9 56.3 50.2 47.3 41.9 40.7 38.9 38.6 34.6 31.6 t I , l I 1 I l Melville and Hicksville-Jericho have a high number of in- dustrial jobs. However, the mix of jobs in both of these areas places them iower on the list in terms of percentage of industrial jobs. Communities such as Stony Brook, East Meadow and the Manhasset area, have the least amount of industrial jobs with all having a figure of 5 % or less. 48 The Retail category includes retail trade and personal ser- vices. Table 3.4 indicates the employment centers with the highest percent of retail jobs. TABLE 3.4 Major Employment Centers with Highest Percentage of Retail Jobs Rank Employment Center Percent 1 Five Towns 34.2 2 Valley Stream Area 30.2 3 Huntington Area 28.0 4 Babylon Area 28.0 5 Manhasset Area 27.1 6 Oceanside 26.8 7 Garden City Area 26.5 8 Bay Shore Area 24.7 9 Patchogue Area 22.9 10 Hicksville-Jericho 22.8 f I The Five Towns area in southwestern Nassau County has more than one-third of all jobs in the retail category. The next group on the list, Valley Stream, Huntington, Babylon and Manhasset Areas, all have major shopping centers that contribute a large amount of retail jobs to the overall employment base. If you can compare total numbers of retail jobs, you obtain a very different picture, except for the Hun- tington area. Table 3.5 shows the absolute number of retail jobs in the five largest concentrations of retail employment. The Garden City Area is far ahead of other locations since it includes Roosevelt Field Shopping Center, which is the largest on Long Island and the Garden City business district, which is one of the few central business districts that acts as a regional commercial center. Hicksville-Jericho includes large commer- ciai centers, such as the Plaza at Mid-Island and the largest Sears facility on Long Island. The Huntington Area contains the Walt Whitman Shopping Center, the Huntington central business district and various community centers. The employment centers that have the least reliance on retail jobs are Bethpage, Hauppauge and Melville. Less than 10% of the employment in these areas is in the retail category. i ~ ~ , r ~ I ~ ~ ~ I TABLE 3.5 Major Employment Centers with Highest Number of Retail Jobs Rank Employment Center Number 1 Garden City Area 9,589 2 Hicksville-Jericho 7,643 3 Huntington Area 5,626 4 Bay Shore Area 5,056 5 Westbury Area 4,353 The Finance-Business-Professional category includes . professional and related services . business and repair services . finance and real estate The largest proportion of these jobs was oriented so that an employment center with a large concentration of these jobs is expected to have a large proportion of office or institutional uses. Table 3.6 ranks those areas with higher percentage of such jobs. TABLE 3.6 Major Employment Centers with Highest Percentage of Finance f Businessf Professional Rank Employment Center Percent 1 Stony Brook 71.4 2 East Meadow Area 56.1 3 Rockville Centre 55.1 4 Manhasset Area 52.8 5 Brentwood-Central Islip 52.3 6 Great Neck Area 50.2 7 Port Jefferson Area 49.7 8 Huntington Area 42.9 9 Meiville 42.1 10 Mineola 41.9 49 The Stony Brook community leads the list with more than 70% of the jobs in the finance-business-professional category. The professional jobs at the State University and the Health Science Center account for the bulk of the employment. East Meadow Area, Rockville Centre, the Manhasset Area, and Brentwood-Central Islip follow. All of them have hospitals in the community or nearby and as a result, have a high proportion of professional jobs and related office jobs. East Meadow con- tains the Nassau Medical Center. Rockville Centre has offices and nearby South Nassau Community Hospital. The Manhasset Area has North Shore Hospital and a branch of Long Island Jewish Hospital, and the communities of Brentwood and Cen- tral Islip each have State Psychiatric Centers. At the other end of the scale are the Bethpage, Farmingdale Area, and Deer Park employment centers, which are heavily industrialized and have the lowest percentage of office type jobs. Table 3.7 gives the absolute number of office type jobs in the major employment centers. TABLE 3.7 Major Employment Centers with Highest Number of Finance/ Business/ Professional Jobs Rank Employment Center Number 1 Garden City Area 14,132 2 Meiville 12,840 3 Brentwood-Central Islip 10,794 4 Syosset - Woodbu ry 9,053 5 Hicksville-Jericho 8,966 Only the Brentwood-Central Islip Area was in the top five in both lists. That is because the State hospital jobs In 1980 pro- duced not only a large amount of employment, but because there Is a small amount of other employment. The Garden City Area has over 14,000 office type jobs. The large office complexes within the Village and at Roosevelt Field, Adelphi University, Nassau Community College and the Nassau County Offices account for much of the job total. Melville has the largest number"of square feet of private office space and is second on the list of jobs in the finance/business/professional category. Table 3.8 shows that Mineola has the highest percentage of Public Administration jobs followed by Hauppauge, Hemp- stead, Patchogue Area and East Meadow Area. All of these locations have some type of Governmental offices. The Mineola Area has some Nassau County offices, even though the largest number are found in the adjacent Village of Garden City. It ap- pears that some of the jobs that are actually in Garden City are attributed to Mineola, since the main County Center buildings use a Mineola Post Office. Hauppauge contains State and County offices, while the Village of Hempstead contains not only Village facilities, but a large proportion of the Town of Hempstead public sector jobs. The Patchogue Area, in addition to the Village administration, aiso contains most of the Town of Brookhaven employment and the East Meadow Area contains the Nassau County Jail, in addi- tion to the Medical Center. 1 I I ~ TABLE 3.8 Major Employment Centers with Highest Percentage of Public Administration Jobs l ~ , ~ 1 Rank Employment Centers Percent 1 Mineola 18.8 2 Hauppauge 13.6 3 Hempstead 11.9 4 Patchogue Area 8.5 5 East Meadow Area 7.4 6 Garden City Area 6.6 7 Stony Brook 5.7 8 Freeport 5.6 9 Babylon Area 5.1 10 Brentwood-Central Islip 5.1 I I ~ 1 I 50 The major employment centers that have the highest percen- tage ot Transportation/Utility jobs are indicated in Table 3.9. The Hicksville-Jericho area, Hempstead, and the Port Jef. ferson Area, which have more than 10% of the total employ- ment in this category, have Long Island Lighting Company facil- ities or New York Telephone installations. TABLE 3.9 Major Employment Centers with Highest Percentage of Transportation/Public Utilities Jobs Rank Employmant Centers Percent ~ ~ , i 1 Hicksville-Jericho 15.5 2 Hempstead 11.9 3 Port Jefferson Area 11.3 4 Patchogue Area 9.9 5 Five Towns 9.4 6 Deer Park 8.1 7 Bohemia-Ronkonkoma 8.1 8 Babylon Area 8.1 9 Oceanside 7.9 10 Amityville Area 7.4 Construction jobs do not represent a large proportion of the total employment. However, there are a few areas that have some concentration of this type of employment. Table 3.10 lists the top lOin this category. The Valley Stream Area is at the top of the list since it is the home base of one of the largest construction firms on Long Island. ~ r TABLE 3.10 Major Employment Centers with Highest Percentage of Construction Jobs Rank Employment Centers Percent 1 Valley Stream Area 7.4 2 Freeport 6.7 3 Port Washington Area 6.2 4 Bohemia-Ronkonkoma 5.7 5 Deer Park 5.1 6 Hicksville-Jericho 4.9 7 Manhasset Area 4.6 8 Bay Shore Area 4.5 9 Mineola 4.3 10 Amityville Area 4.3 There is one final group of jobs shown In Appendix 3.1 which is labeled other jobs. Other includes . mining . agriculture . forestry . fishing . entertainment and recreation . armed forces Most of the employment centers have only a few hundred jobs in this category. Only the entertainment and recreation category accounts for any significant employment and that is found mainly in the Garden City area, which contains Roosevelt Raceway and the Nassau Coliseum. 51 Mode of Travel to Employment Centers An important aspect of the Journey to Work is the mode of travel used. The four major modes are . auto . rail . bus/subway . other Table 3.11 summarizes the extent that these modes are used to the 32 employment centers. Persons who used more than one means of transportation to work were asked to report the one used for the longest distance during the work trips. If a person used different means of transportation on different days they were asked to specify the one used most often. As expected, the automobile is the dominant means of travel to work, accounting for 90% of the work trips to Long Island's employment centers. Workers traveling to Suffolk County cen- ters were more dependent on the automobile than their Nassau County counterparts with 93% and 88% using autos, respective- ly. Seven of the ten employment centers having the highest per. centage of workers using automobiles are in Suffolk while the nine centers having the lowest percentage are in Nassau. Four of the top five centers by percent of persons using autos are clustered around the Nassau-Suffolk border. These four centers alone account for over 105,000 workers depending on autos to get into this area. This certainly justifies the improvement of the Long Island Expressway as it approaches the county line and es- pecially to the east of the county line where service roads are sporadic or nonexistent. The Five-towns area stands out as having the least automobile oriented workers of any employment center with only 77.5% of the people working there using autos to get to work. There was a very small number of workers using the Long /sland Railroad to get to their Long Island jobs. Less than one percent of the people working on Long Island used the railroad to get to their jobs. The figure for Nassau was twice what it was for Suffolk. The highest percentage of workers in an employment center using the railroad was 2% in Mineola and Rockville Centre_ The Garden City Area had the greatest number of rail commuters with 504 followed by Mineola, Hlcksville-Jericho, Great Neck Area and the Five-towns all having between 300 and 400 incoming workers using the railroad. The small number of rail commuters is the result of most suburban jobs not being located near train stations and the scheduled service being heavily skewed towards New York City. It Is evident that the railroad will continue to playa minor role In providing access to the places of work on Long Island with planned railroad im- provements being a greater benefit to Long Island residents working in New York City and not the other way around. Better schedules and an additional track should be considered to serve Long Island employment centers with rail access. The railroad does not serve minorities to a great extent. About three quarters of all Nassau-Suffolk residents using the railroad to get to work are male. Nassau black and hispanics comprise only 6.3 % of the railroad users but make up 9.2 % of the total workers. Suffolk blacks and hispanics make more use of the rail- road than Nassau's. In Suffolk 10.4% of railroad users are black and hispanlc while they comprise 8.9 % of the workers. Bus and Subway service account for 15,300 workers or 2.6 % commuting to Long Island employment centers. This is a little over three times the number accomodated by the railroad. Most of these trips are by bus although because of the way the census question was posed some multi modal commuters using the sub- way for part of their trip would be classified as coming to work on Long Island by subway. Garden City Area, Lake Success-New Hyde Park Area, Five-Towns and Hempstead all have over one thousand workers in the bus/subway category, with Garden City Area being the highest at 1,919. The Five-Towns area has the highest percentage of incoming workers using the bus or subway at 7.8%. This may be because of the proximity to the Far Rockaway subway station. Only 14 % of the workers In the bus/subway category were commuting to Suffolk County employ- ment centers. The 2,084 persons going to Suffolk County by bus/subway is a small number because the Suffolk Transit system was in its early stages when the 1980 census was con- ducted. Many new routes and new buses have been added to the system since 1980. The 1990 census will reflect the growth of this new system but the percentage of workers going to work in Suffolk County by bus will still be small relative to automobile users. Bus systems are Important to Long Island because much of their ridership are lower income and other mass transit depen- dent people. ~ ~ , , , I I I i . 1 , I 52 TABLE 3.11 Workers by Mode of Travel to Place of Work-1980 Total Auto Rail Bus & Subway Other Rank Number Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 1 Garden City Area 37,780 35,303 88.7 504 1.3 1,919 4.8 2,054 5.2 2 Hicksville-Jericho 35,904 33,295 92.7 344 1.0 670 1.9 1,595 4.4 3 Melville 32,041 31,194 97.4 65 .2 277 .9 505 1.6 4 Farmingdale Area 31,534 30,036 95.2 220 .7 253 .8 1,025 3.3 5 Lake Success-N.H.P. Area 29,813 25,889 86.8 228 .8 1.466 4.9 2,230 7.5 6 Syosset-Woodbury Area 24,607 23,268 94.6 186 .8 87 .4 1,066 4.3 7 Hauppauge 23,989 23,408 97.6 54 .2 127 .5 400 1.7 8 Westbury Area 21,378 19,607 91.7 99 .5 527 2.5 1,145 5.4 9 Bethpage 21,309 20,668 97.0 30 .1 31 .1 580 2.7 10 Brentwood-Central Islip 20,960 19,809 94.5 35 .2 143 .7 973 4.6 11 Bay Shore Area 20,685 19,114 92.4 64 .3 292 1.4 1,215 5.9 12 Huntington Area 20,535 18,405 89.6 74 .4 256 1.2 1,800 8.8 13 Mineola 19,198 16,593 86.4 386 2.0 871 4.5 1,348 7.0 14 5-Towns 18,182 14,094 77.5 301 1.7 1,413 7.8 2,374 13.1 15 Great Neck Area 17,606 14,346 81.5 334 1.9 803 4.6 2,123 12.1 16 Valley Stream Area 16,407 13,885 84.6 192 1.2 668 4.1 1,662 10.1 17 Plainview 15,845 14,431 91.1 71 .4 239 1.5 1,104 7.0 18 Hempstead 15,253 12,851 84.3 116 .8 1,007 6.6 1,279 8.4 19 Amityville Area 14,946 13,329 89.2 169 1.1 216 1.4 1,232 8.2 ~ 20 Babylon Area 14.795 13,654 91.7 33 .2 124 .8 1,074 7.3 21 Bohemia-Lake Ronkonkoma 14,409 13,197 91.6 61 .4 191 1.3 960 6.7 l 22 Patchogue Area 13,577 12,627 93.0 55 .4 148 1.1 747 5.5 23 Freeport 13,270 10,911 82.2 65 .5 842 6.3 1,452 10.9 24 Manhasset Area 13,127 11,498 87.6 182 1.4 497 3.8 950 7.2 , 25 Deer Park 12,462 11,695 93.8 21 .2 155 1.2 591 4.7 26 Glen Cove 11,965 10,451 87.3 92 .8 216 1.8 1,206 10.1 27 East Meadow Area 11,551 9,895 85.7 20 .2 501 4.3 1,135 9.8 28 Rockville Centre 10,933 8,992 82.2 215 2.0 624 5.7 1,102 10.1 29 Port Jefferson Area 10,657 9,982 93.7 12 .1 20 .2 643 6.0 I 30 Oceanside 10,501 8.771 83.5 163 1.6 470 4.5 1,097 10.4 31 Port Washington Area 10,194 8,616 84.5 165 1.6 112 1.1 1,301 12.8 32 Stony Brook 10,149 8.711 85.8 91 .9 135 1.3 1,212 11.9 , TOTAL 597,562 538,435 90.1 4,647 .8 15,300 2.6 39,180 6.6 ~ 53 Bus transportation is very important in serving minorities for their journey to work. In Nassau County blacks accounted for 26.7% of all residents who used a bus as their primary mode of transportation to work. Of all black workers in Nassau County, 10.8% depended on a bus to get to work. This percentage is four times as high for biacks as it is for all workers in Nassau County. Suffolk County blacks also account for a disproportionately iarge share of bus ridership with 13.8 % of the total. Although females account for about 40% of ali workers in Nassau-Suffolk, they ac- count for 62.7% of bus users in Nassau and 63.8% in Suffolk. Hispanics account for 8.2% of bus users in Nassau as opposed to 3.1 % of all workers. Hispanic bus useage in Suffolk is near the norm for all workers. The other category includes persons who walk to work, ride a bike or motorcycle to work or work at home. This category ac- counts for 39,180 or 6.6% of those working on Long Isiand. Most of the people in the other category live in the same employment area in which they work. Nine of the top ten areas by percent are in Nassau County with the Five-Towns area being the highest at 13.1%. In the region the number of workers who carpool amounts to more than all other modes except driving alone. In Nassau Coun- ty, more workers use public transportation than carpool, but the figures are sharply reversed in Suffolk County, where there is a lower density of population and less accessibiiity to pubiic transportation. Generally, carpoolers have iower incomes than their counter- parts who drive alone. The major exception is white carpoolers in Suffolk County who have a median income greater than whites who drive alone. The median incomes for most minority groups were about $2,000 less for carpoolers than for those who drove alone. Truck and van poois seem to better serve lower income minorities in Suffolk. The median worker incomes for Black and Hispanic truck and van carpoolers, in Suffolk, were 58.3% and 52.1 %, respectively, of what they were for those who drove alone. All minority groups make greater use of carpooiing than whites. In Nassau County one-fifth of all white workers, using cars, trucks or vans as the principle mode of transportation to work, carpool. By contrast, over one-fourth of the workers in each minority group carpooled. In Suffolk County, where a higher percentage carpool, the situation is similar with over 30 % of black and hispanic workers c-arpooiing. Women also make greater use of carpooiing than men. In Nassau County 22.3 % of femaie auto, truck and van users car- pooled as opposed to 18.9% of males. In Suffolk County the dif- ference is less pronounced with 23.1 % of the females and 22.8 % of the males carpooling. l 1 l Carpooling There has been a trend towards a greater use of carpooling. Park and ride centers have been constructed at many Long Island Expressway interchanges to encourage more ride shar- ing. Table 3.12 shows the mode of travel of Long Island residents and the proportion of workers who carpool as compared to the other modes. TABLE 3_12 Mode of Travel to Work -1980 NassauJ Nassau Suffolk Suffolk % County % County % Workers 16 + 1,139,519 613,112 526,407 Drove Alone 725,630 63.7 370,949 60.5 354,681 67.4 Carpool * 200,705 17.6 94,761 15.5 105,944 20.1 Pubiic Transportation 142,400 12.5 104,330 17.0 38,070 7.2 Walked 41,757 3.7 27,133 4.4 14,624 2.8 Other 11,765 1.0 6,055 1.0 5,710 1.1 Worked at Home 17 ,262 1.5 9,884 1.6 7,378 1.4 .. Includes Vans and Trucks 54 I 1 Nassau County Total White Black American Indian Asian Hispanic TABLE 3.13 Carpooling by Race by Median Income Median Worker Income Car Truck or Van Drive Drive Alone Carpool Alone Carpool $13,612 12,611 13,637 12,928 12,949 10,888 11,835 11,641 18,873 13,885 11,974 9,272 15.462 15.447 16,115 4,000 16,657 12,273 13.462 13,360 14,810 10.415 16.752 11,933 Suffolk Total White Black American Indian Asian Hispanic Travel Time to Work - Residents The Travel lime to Work is related to . type of transportation available . accessibility to major routes . congestion on these travel routes . residents income and occupational level The Long Island region tends to have travel times higher than other parts of New York State, except for most of New York City. Even though, the city has extensive mass transportation, it also has extremely high travel congestion and this resulted in a high average travel time in the journey to work. Table 3.14 indicates the various travel times for workers sixteen years of age and over who do not work at home, for the State, the Nassau-Suffolk area, and New York City. The mean travel time is shown at the end of the Table 3.14. The Nassau-Suffolk figure is thirty-two minutes, which is above the Statewide average of twenty-nine minutes and below the New York City average of thirty-eight minutes. All boroughs of I I I ~ I 1 2.432 12,602 15,045 12,237 12.469 13,071 15,096 12.481 11,905 9,983 12,793 7.454 11,934 9.794 12,546 10,102 16,352 12,350 25,858 10,000 11,240 9,884 15,057 7,851 Carpoolers as a % of All Car, Truck & Van Trips 20.3 19.9 26.2 34.4 25.4 26.9 23.0 22.5 30.1 26.3 26.4 30,9 New York City have higher average times with the exception of Manhattan, where the average travel time, because of the high density population and nearby subway service, results in a one- half hour average for the typical worker. The five eastern towns of Long Island all have the lowest mean travel times, while the Towns of Hempstead, Oyster Bay, Huntington and the City of Long Beach have an average that is above the mean figure for the region. An analysis of the total number of workers who live in close proximity to their jobs shows that the eastern end of Suffolk Coun- ty and the City of Glen Cove have the largest proportion of workers who travel less than ten minutes to work. The Town of Oyster Bay has the same proportion, 11.9%, as the region, while the Town of Smithtown has the smallest proportion of workers living less than ten minutes away from their place of employment. At the other end of the scale, there are communities whose workers travel more than one hour to work. Generally, Nassau County communities are at the top of the list, western Suffolk Towns are in the middle and eastern Suffolk Towns are at the 55 TABLE 3.14 1980 Census-Workers 16 Years and Over Who Did Not Work At Home By Travel Time to Work Travel Travel Travel Travel Travel Travel Time Mean Total Time Time Time Time Time 60 or More Travel Municipality Workers 0-10 Min % 10-19 Mln % 20-29 Min % 30-44 Min % 45.59 Mln % Minutes % Time New York State 7105749 899637 12.66 1859901 26.17 1209533 17.02 1338335 18.83 654295 9.21 1144048 16.10 29 Nassau Co. 605699 68704 11.34 154598 25.52 98082 16.19 101627 16.78 45330 7.48 137358 22.68 33 Glen Cove City 12073 2789 23.10 3370 27.91 1737 14.39 1852 15.34 588 4.87 1737 14.39 26 Hempstead Town 334924 34246 10.23 82953 24.77 56662 16.92 58084 17.34 25989 7.76 76990 22.99 33 Long Beach City 13713 1518 11.07 2797 20.40 1533 11.18 2704 19.72 1225 8.93 3936 28.70 38 North Hempstead Town 101301 13001 12.83 26244 25.91 14549 14.36 15611 15.41 8131 8.03 23765 23.46 32 Oyster Bay Town 143688 17150 11.94 39234 27.30 23601 16.43 23376 16.27 9397 6.54 30930 21.53 33 Suffolk Co. 516240 65241 12.64 143075 27.71 90194 17.47 89010 17.24 36521 7.07 92199 17.86 31 Babylon Town 87100 10883 12.49 25216 28.95 15873 18.22 13688 15.72 6030 6.92 15410 17.69 30 Brookhaven Town 135098 15261 11.30 35480 26.26 23451 17.36 24325 18.01 11120 8.23 25461 18.85 32 East Hampton Town 5407 2022 37.40 1495 27.65 702 12.98 452 8.36 233 4.31 503 9.30 20 Huntington Town 87487 9809 11.21 22391 25.59 15314 17.50 16134 18.44 5803 6.63 18036 20.62 34 Islip Town 119968 13848 11.54 34190 28.50 21033 17.53 21375 17.82 8476 7.07 21046 17.54 31 Riverhead Town 8191 2097 25.60 3077 37.57 1260 15.38 1043 12.73 304 3.71 410 5.01 19 Shelter Island Town 676 321 47.49 112 16.57 26 3.85 113 16.72 13 1.92 91 13.46 21 Smithtown Town 48996 4896 9.99 13549 27.65 8765 17.89 9074 18.52 3518 7.18 9194 18.76 32 Southampton Town 16529 4079 24.68 5633 34.08 2814 17.02 1857 11.23 660 3.99 1486 8.99 22 Southold Town 6788 2025 29.83 1932 28.46 956 14.08 949 13.98 364 5.36 562 8.28 21 r, "" .. .. ...... ~ -- " , ,~. ,,~~ , 'C-',OL1r::: '1.94 297673 2653 188276 16.78 1 90637 16.99 81851 7.30 229557 20.46 32 <,.' New York City 2780152 156403 5.63 428158 15.40 363606 13.08 671052 24.14 428303 15.41 732630 26.35 38 Bronx Co. 384659 18174 4.72 52260 13.59 40788 10.60 81506 21.19 68675 17.85 123256 32.04 41 Kings Co. 785211 40190 5.12 101641 12.94 78442 9.99 180685 23.01 144019 18.34 240234 30.59 41 New York Co. 651274 50457 7.75 128840 19.78 130811 20.09 197894 30.39 74087 11.38 69185 10.62 30 Queens Co. 819023 38711 4.73 118176 14.43 95985 11.72 1 90345 23.24 129282 15.78 246524 30.10 41 Richmond Co. 139985 8871 6.34 27241 19.46 17580 12.56 20622 14.73 12240 8.74 53431 38.17 43 56 bottom, with the fewest number of people travelling more than one hour to work. The two cities are an interesting contrast in this comparison. The City of Long Beach has the highest propor. tion of people who travel more than one hour to work, whiie the City of Glen Cove has a percentage rate half that of Long Beach and very similar to the eastern end of Long Island. Even though both cities are located on the shorefront, Glen Cove is a major employment center, while Long Beach has a minimal number of local jobs; therefore, people in the latter city must travel time. consuming distances in their journey to work. The travel distance for individual villages and communities is shown in Appendix 3.2. The communities with the highest proportion of people who travei less than ten minutes to work are either Islands or East End communities. The only exception is the community of East Garden City, which has a small population that is made up of col. lege personnel and military families who work in the local area. The communities with the highest percent of workers who travel a long distance to work are shown in Table 3.15. Table 3.15 shows that of the top twenty communities in per. centage of workers who travel more than one hour to work, seventeen are affluent villages. Only two of the communities are in Suffolk County and most are located on peninsulas or other locations away from job centers, and major transportation. The exceptions are Matinecock, Munsey Park, Muttontown, Belle. rose and Malverne Uninc. Clearly, the long travel time to work is not completely a function of the geography since, even though a number of villages, such as Centre Island, Sands Point and Asharoken, are difficult to reach, others are much more acces. sible to the major travel routes. Generally, the more affluent worker tends to travel towards more specialized job locations and may be less dependent on nearby job opportunities. Travel Time to Work - Employment Centers The automobile is the major mode of transportation to the Long Island work sites. On the average, there is almost a ten minute difference in average travel time between the work center that has the highest average travel time, Bethpage and the Babylon Area, which has the lowest travel time. Table 3.16 and 3.17 show the longest and shortest auto trips to some of the work centers. TABLE 3.15 Twenty Communities with Highest Percent of Workers 16 + Who Travel More Than Sixty Minutes to Work Rank Community Percent Income, 1979 1 Centre Island V. 50.4 52,481 2 Plandome Heights V. 44.5 44,284 3 Kensington V. 41.6 61,249 4 Piandome Manor V. 41.2 65,076 5 Matinecock V. 40.8 55,984 6 Sands Point V. 40.3 75,001 7 Eatons Neck 40.2 37,082 8 Flower Hill V. 40.0 53,870 9 Munsey Park V. 38.0 51,386 10 Lido- PI. Lookout 37.9 35,796 11 Asharoken V. 37.7 55,988 12 Great Neck Estates V. 36.6 56,796 13 Lawrence V. 35.9 42,875 14 Atlantic Beach V. 35.5 35,695 15 Bellerose V. 35.4 33,685 16 Muttontown V. 35.0 52,888 17 Hewlett Harbor V. 34.6 75,001 18 Malverne Uninc. 34.6 32,056 19 Oyster Bay Cove V. 34.3 61 ,423 20 Hewlett Neck V. 34.2 72,364 The longest automobiie trips are to the large industrial and of. fice centers that are generally accessible to the limited access road system, but draw their personnel from fairly long distances from the work site. The shortest work trips are to shorefront areas that generally do not attract employees from a wide por. tion of the region. A ranking of the bus travel to the various employment centers indicates an even wider difference between travel time from the highest to the lowest level. This accounts for the limited use of bus service to some centers. 57 TABLE 3.16 Longest Auto Travel Time to Work-1980, Major Employment Centers Rank Employment Center Average Time 1 Bethpage 27.7 2 Melville 27.5 3 Lake Success- New Hyde Park Area 26.6 4 Syosset - Woodbury 26.1 5 Farmingdale Area 26.0 6 Great Neck Area 25.9 7 Mlneola 25.4 8 Westbury Area 25.0 9 Garden City Area 24.9 10 Plalnview 24.1 TABLE 3.17 Shortest Auto Travel Time to Work-1980, Major Employment Centers Rank Employment Center Average Time 1 Babylon Area 2 Patchogue Area 3 Amityville Area 4 Bay Shore Area 5 Huntington Area 6 Port Jefferson Area 7 Rockville Centre 8 Glen Cove 9 Oceanside 10 Brentwood-Centrallslip 18.6 18.9 19.4 19.9 19.9 20.4 20.8 20.8 21.0 21.0 TABLE 3.18 Longest Travel Time by Bus to Work at Major Employment Centers, 1980 Average Rank Employment Center Time (Min.) 1 Plainview 2 Syosset - Woodbu ry 3 Deer Park 4 Port Jefferson Area 5 Farmingdale Area 60.7 58.2 56.1 56.2 52.7 TABLE 3.19 Shortest Travel Time by Bus to Work at Major Employment Centers, 1980 Average Rank Employment Center Time (Min.) 1 Hauppauge 2 Amityville Area 3 Huntington Area 4 Port Washington Area 5 Bethpage 25.9 27.4 27.7 28.1 29.1 No. of Trips 239 87 155 20 253 No. of Trips 127 216 256 112 31 The Plainview industrial area records the longest average bus trip followed by the industrial complexes in Syosset.Woodbury and Deer Park. Generally, these areas and Farmingdale, which are also in the long travel category, are closer to the centers of population than Port Jefferson Area, which ranks No.4, and is far removed from a large population concentration. 58 I Hauppauge and Bethpage, which are among the shortest bus trip areas, have large concentrations of employment within a constrained area which probably makes a short bus trip feasible. The Amityville Area benefits by having bus service from both the Nassau and Suffolk Counties bus systems, while the Hun- tington Area is served by the local Town of Huntington bus routes. The Port Washington Area is a very local oriented work force and, therefore, short bus trips from home to job site could be expected. The 'above data represents a summary of the complete prInt- outs which contain total travel times and average time for auto, rail, bus and other means of travel from each census tract to each major work place in Nassau and Suffolk Counties. This materiai is available for use by persons conducting research for a specific area. Traffic Patterns and Type of Jobs in Major Employment Centers The attractions of the employment centers for locai and out of area residential employment has been analyzed for all of the thirty-two employment centers. The overall pattern is one of a limited attraction from New York City and a predominately east to west traffic pattern in the journey to work for many of the employees in the largest job centers. (See Chapter I for the type of jobs held by New York City residents). The amount of workers from New York City to the Nassau-Suf- folk area is strictly based on a proximity to New York City with very few exceptions. There are four job concentrations that ad- join the New York City line - Great Neck Area, Five Towns, Lake Success-New Hyde Park Area and the Valley Stream Area. All of these are among the five highest in percentage of New York City residents employed on Long Island. The Manhas- set Area, which ranks number 4 of the top 5, attracts New York City residents because it is directly accessible to Long Island Ex- pressway and Northern State Parkway interchanges. Predic- tably, all the Nassau County centers have higher proportions of New York City work force than the Suffolk areas (see Tables 3.20 and 3.21). The Melville office center has the highest Suffolk at- traction for New York City residents. Following that is Stony Brook, with jobs centered around the university ana hospital, along with the Hauppauge, and Bohemia-Ronkonkoma in- dustrial centers. The Huntington Area also has some attraction for New York City residents. TABLE 3.20 Long Island Employment Centers with Highest Percentage of New York City Workers Percent Living Rank Employment Center in New York City 1 Great Neck Area 25.6 2 Five Towns 24.8 3 Lake Success- New Hyde Park 24.5 4 Manhasset Area 22.1 5 Valley Stream 20.0 6 Westbury Area 9.6 7 Garden City Area 8.9 8 Port Washington Area 8.7 9 Syosset - Woodbury 8.5 10 Mineola 7.6 TABLE 3.21 Long Island Employment Centers with Lowest Percentage of New York City Workers Percent Living Rank Employment Center in New York City 1 Patchogue Area 0.3 2 Port Jefferson Area 0.8 3 Babylon Area 0.8 4 Bay Shore 1.1 5 Brentwood-Central Islip 1.5 6 Amityville 1.9 7 Bohemia- Lake Ronkonkoma 2.0 8 Huntington 2.0 9 Hauppauge 2.0 10 Stony Brook 2.3 59 \, :l The internal attraction between Nassau and Suffolk Counties is quite different, from each county. A higher proportion of Suf- folk residents are drawn to the major employment centers in Nassau County than Nassau residents are drawn to Suffolk. Centers on the border or in the central corridor comprised of the Long Island Expressway and the Northern State Parkway, are the major attractions for Suffolk residents to Nassau. The commun- ity of Bethpage, which contains Grumman, draws half of its work force from Suffolk County. Other places such as Lake Suc- cess and Port Washington draw more workers from Suffolk County than communities that are closer to the Suffolk border (see Table 3.22). The Suffolk County employment centers that are along the border or are in Huntington or Babylon Towns, predictably at- tracted the most Nassau residents with the job centers in Brookhaven drawing the least. The airport related jobs in Bohemia-Ronkonkoma attract the highest percentage of work- ers in the area furthest from the Nassau-Suffolk border (See Table 3.23). TABLE 3.22 Nassau County Employment Centers with Largest Percentage of Work Force Living in Suffolk County Percent living in Rank Employment Center Suffolk County 1 Bethpage 47.2 2 Syosset-Woodbury 33.0 3 Plainview 30.0 4 Hicksville-Jericho 24.7 5 Westbury Area 17.9 6 Lake Success- New Hyde Park Area 13.8 7 Garden City Area 13.1 8 East Meadow 12.8 9 Mineola 11.6 10 Port Washington Area 11.2 TABLE 3.23 Suffolk County Employment Centers with Largest Percentage of Work Force Living in Nassau County Rank Employment Center Percent Living in Nassau County 1 Melville 2 Amityville 3 Babylon Area 4 Deer Park 5 Huntington Area 6 Hauppauge 7 Bohemia-Ronkonkoma 8 Bay Shore 9 Brentwood-Central Islip to Port Jefferson Area 24.9 23.8 12.3 11.9 t 1.4 6.9 6.9 6.6 5.3 3.0 The previous two tables show that communities along the bor- der in Nassau County attract a higher proportion of the work force from Suffolk than the border communities in Suffolk attract from Nassau. One-third of the Syosset-Woodbury work force lives in Suffolk, and 30% of the Plainview work force is com- prised of Suffolk County residents. On the other hand, Melville and Amityville Area draw only one quarter of the work force from Nassau County. If you compare two major job centers that are equi-distant from the border and are accessible to the major road corridors, you find a very different attraction in each Coun- ty. Hauppauge only attracts 7% of its work force from Nassau County to the west, while Hicksville-Jericho draws 25% of the work force from the east in Suffolk County. Employment Centers and Localized Work Force The 32 largest employment areas on Long Island have been categorized according to the amount of employees who live and work in the same geographic area. These areas are viewed as ones that have less of a dependence upon access from outside of the community for the local employment. The following table ranks the major employment centers by the proportion of work- ers who live and work in the immediate area: 60 ~ TABLE 3.24 Major Employment Centers with Largest Local Work Force, 1980 Rank Living and Working in Area Major Employment Center Number Percent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Port Washington Area Glen Cove Huntington Area Five Towns Freeport Babylon Area Valley Stream Area Oceanside Amityville Area Patchogue Area Brentwood-Central Islip Great Neck Area East Meadow Area Port Jefferson Area Stony Brook Bay Shore Area Bohem ia - Ronkonkoma Hicksville-Jericho Hempstead Rockville Centre Deer Park Plainview Lake Success- New Hyde Park Area Westbury Area Syosset - Woodbury Manhasset Area Mineola Farmingdale Area Hauppauge Garden City Area Bethpage Melville 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 4,554 5,213 8,042 6,561 4,700 5,177 5,271 3,214 4,279 3,877 5,983 4,641 2,914 2,562 2,383 4,279 2,964 7,293 2,872 1,915 2,164 2,583 4,453 2,864 3,181 1,590 2,259 3,111 2,060 2,829 1,341 589 44.7 43.6 39.2 36.1 35.4 35.0 32.1 30.6 28.6 28.6 28.5 26.4 25.2 24.0 23.5 20.7 20.6 20.3 18.8 17.5 17.4 16.3 14.9 13.4 12.9 12.1 11.8 9.9 8.6 7.1 6.3 1.8 Table 3.24 shows that the areas on the top of the list are generally shorefront communities which are often difficult to reach from large portions of the Island. Employment centers 1 through lOon the list all fall in this category. Areas that are generally accessible from the east-west parkway and express- way system or with direct north and south parkway or express- way connections attract most of their workers from out of the area. Only two of the ten areas on the bottom of the list do not have direct parkway accessibility to the concentrated area of employment. Conversely, only two of the top ten communities are accessible to the direct parkway-expressway system. Overall, the largest employment areas that are in the more ac- cessible category have the least amount of local work force, while the smaller areas tend to have a larger local work force. A few exceptions are Hicksville-Jericho, Brentwood/Central Islip Area, the Bay Shore Area and the Huntington Area which are large employment centers that have large residential com- munities which generate a fairly significant local labor force. A few of the smaller employment areas such as Manhasset Area, Deer Park, Rockville Centre and Hempstead tend to have a higher proportion of workers from outside of the community. Major Employment Centers-Summary The following section summarizes the travel patterns and type of employment in the thirty-two largest employment centers. Also inciuded is a projection of the amount and type of growth that can be expected in each of the centers. 1. Garden City Area. This employment area encompasses the Village of Garden City and the East Garden City area. The Mineola Government Center, Adelphi University, Roosevelt Field and Mit- chel Field are a part of these two communities. The largest amount of workers reside in Garden City, Mineola, Hempstead and Uniondale. East Meadow also supplies a large number of workers. There are also commuters of 200 or more from the Cities of Glen Cove and Long Beach, and some locations in the Hun- tington area generate over 100 workers. The bulk of the employees come from the eastern 2/3 of Hempstead Town, while 9% are generated from New York City; 13% from Suffolk County. 61 The retail and office jobs categories account for more than two-thirds of all the employment in this central Nassau County location. Many of the industrial jobs that existed in East Garden City have been replaced by white collar jobs. The future develop- ment will be very heavily oriented to new offices. Construction since 1980 at Mitchel Field plus projects in planning for later in the decade in the same area will increase the number and pro- portion of the office and retail category. 2. Hicksville-Jericho. This is a large office industrial retail complex with a large number of employees from all sections of Hlcksville, Jericho, Bethpage, Levittown, Plainview and Old Bethpage. The area attracts workers from allover Oyster Bay Town and equal amounts from the Town of Hempstead and west- ern Suffolk County. Only 6% of the work force is drawn from New York City. There are equal proportions of industrial and finance- business-professional jobs. However, current office construction and the lack of expansion area for manufacturing will shift the employment pattern to a largely white collar area. 3. Melville. This community was a former industrial area that has now become the largest office center on Long Island. There is virtually no indigenous population to supply workers since the nearby area is developed with medium to low density housing. One-quarter of work force is drawn from Nassau County and there are workers that live in all parts of Huntington and Babylon, most of Smithtown and the southern half of Oyster Bay Town. There are some concentrations of workers all the way from Queens to Caiverton; however, most of these new jobs are for workers who reside east of the Route 110 area. The small difference between industrial jobs and office jobs will expand to a very large difference in the very near future. Many of the office buildings, buiit since 1980, are fully occupied and new ones are under construction or are in the approval stage. 4. Farmingdale Area. This large industrial center straddles the County line and is comprised of the Village of Farmingdale and the unincorporated areas of South Farmingdale in Oyster Bay Town and East Farmingdale in Babylon Town. Overall, the area attracts more workers from Suffolk County since most of the employment is physically located in Suffolk County. There is a large local work force, and equal amounts of employment from Babylon Town and southern Oyster Bay Town. The western edge of Hempstead Town and the west section of Islip Town also sup- ply a significant amount of workers to the Farmingdale area. More than half of the jobs are industrial in nature and this pro- portion is expected to remain constant since the avaiiable land is likely to be used for additional manufacturing. 5. Lake Success-New Hyde Park Area. This geographically large employment complex includes the Villages of Lake Suc- cess, New Hyde Park, Stewart Manor and North Hills and the unincorporated areas of North New Hyde Park, Garden City Park and Herricks. The original employment in this large area was mostly industrial with some retail. In the last decade, there has been a significant shift to major office development. Many of the workers are drawn from the immediate area in the northwestern part of Hempstead Town, western North Hempstead Town and East Central Queens. However, there is a spread-out work force, possibly because of the existence of the Sperry plant so that the labor force is made up of 25% from New York City and 14% from Suffolk County. There are over 500 trips to this area from each of the western Suffolk towns, and this is the furthest center to the west in Nassau County that attracts a measurable amount of Suffolk residents. The roughly equal amounts of finance-business-professional jobs and those in industry are going to be heaviiy unbalanced in favor of the former category as the new office space in North Hills. Lake Success and North New Hyde Park attract more em- ployment than the older industrial complexes in New Hyde Park and Garden City Park along with the Sperry Plant in Lake Success. ~ I I 6. Syosset-Woodbury. This industrial, office and retail con- centration comprises the unincorporated areas of Syosset, Woodbury and Locust Grove. The area attracts 1/3 of its work force from Suffolk County and even has concentrations of employees living In Queens and central Brookhaven. However, most employees live locally or come from nearby Plainview, Hicksville, Old Bethpage, Oyster Bay and Bayville and Hun- tington Station. 62 Even though industrial parks were the original employment base in all three component areas of this center, the conversion or the new development of office space has shifted the jobs to a 40% finance-business-professional, 32% industrial mixture, The current trend is towards a wldening'of the gap even though there is some industrial expansion. 7. Hauppauge. This area draws a small amount of workers from immediate surrounding areas and only attracts 7 % of its work force from Nassau County, even though it is one of the most accessible areas in western Suffolk. Industrial, office and public jobs are the major components of the employment, and a predominance of the work force is from ISlip, Brookhaven and Smlthtown. Some workers are drawn from as far away as Sout- hold and Southampton; however, the attraction for Huntington and Babylon residents appears low in spite of the accessibility. The main journey to work trip is one of an easterly direction along with a north-south direction only in the immediate area. Almost half of the employment is industrial related and that proportion is apt to remain for the next decade or two as the very attractive industrial parks are expanded to encompass all the re- maining industrially zoned land in the community. 8. Westbury Area. This employment center is comprised of the Village of Westbury with a concentration of retail jobs, the New Cassel community to the east with industrial employment, and Carle Place to the west which has been converted from mostly industrial to retail. This center falls between the large employment areas of Garden City, Mineola and Hicksville- Jericho. The job cluster in Carle Place adjoins the Mineola and Garden City East job concentrations while the employment grouping in Westbury Village and New Cassel abuts Garden City East and Hlcksville-Jericho, creating a continuous corridor of work sites in central Nassau County. There is a large local employment base along with concentrations or workers from southern North Hempstead Town, eastern Hempstead Town and the central portion of the Town of Oyster Bay. There is some at- traction from New York City (10%) and Suffolk County (18%). Industrial employment is slightly ahead of finance-business- professional. However, further conversions to retail will probably result in three equal proportions of each of these types of employment. g. Bethpage. The Grumman plant accounts for the major part of the employment in this community. It is the only community on Long Island that attracts equal proportions of its work force from each of the two Counties. There are approximately 10,000 employees from Nassau and the same amount from Suffolk that commute to Bethpage. The largest numbers come from southern Oyster Bay, eastern Hempstead Town, western Babylon Town and the central portion of the Town of Huntington. Over 70 % of the employment is categorized in the industrial group and a majority of the jobs are expected to remain as in- dustrially oriented even though new office development will add white collar jobs to the community. 10. Brentwood-Central Islip. This area attracts some employment from the local area and a concentration from the adjacent North Great River part of Central Islip. Most of the employment for these communities is generated from other parts of Islip Town and a large part of Brookhaven. There is a limited amount of employees that are drawn from Nassau County and the nearby Towns of Babylon, Huntington and Smithtown. Over half of the 1980 jobs in this employment area were classified as professional due to the existence of the two state Psychiatric Centers. The reduction in size of both institutions will reduce the number of jobs in the professional related category. Some will be replaced by the growth of Suffolk Community Col- lege, N.Y. Institute of Technology and a possible court center. In- dustrial jobs with approximately 15% of the total will increase because of the availability of land that is more adaptable to manufacturing than office development. 11. Bay Shore Area. This employment center is made up of Bay Shore, North Bay Shore and Islip. There is manufacturing employment in North Bay Shore, retail employment to the south plus office development and public jobs in the Bay Shore and Islip business areas. There are local concentrations of em- ployees and almost 2/3 come from the Town of Islip. The eastern part of Babylon Town and the southwestern part of Brookhaven Town comprise the bulk of the remainder of the work force. The primary employment groups are unlikely to change since there is land available for a variety of jobs in this large geo- graphic area. 63 12. Huntington Area. This employment center that has exten- sive retail and office uses comprises the unincorporated areas of Huntington, South Huntington, and Huntington Station. For the most part, it is an inaccessible area from other parts of the region because of the traffic congestion and inferior roadways. That is the main reason why it has the largest local work force in Suffolk County. There are very few employees drawn from Baby- lon and Islip Towns and all of Nassau County, even though a lot of the employment is close to the County line. The small industrial base of 15% has no room to expand. Medium sized professional office space has been and probably will be the primary source of added employment. 13. M i neola. This village has a lot of office, retail, hospital and manufacturing employment in a small area with a very heavy local work force. There are smaller concentrations of employees that come from the Villages of Garden City and Hempstead. The community draws large amounts of employees from other parts of Hempstead Town, northern Oyster Bay and the southern por- tion of the Town of North Hempstead. Considering the amount of employment in the immediate area, there is a small proportion of retail. Lack of land for industrial ex- pansion means the job mix will remain heavily oriented to office categories. 14. Five-Towns. This employment area includes the densely populated corner of Nassau County that includes the Villages of Lawrence, Cedarhurst, Hewlett Bay Park, Hewlett Neck, Hewlett Harbor, Woodsburgh and the unincorporated communites of Woodmere, Hewlett and Inwood. Most of the manufacturing jobs are in Inwood with retail and office jobs being the most important uses in the remainder of the area. It is a very localized work force with the exception of a 20% attraction of workers from the near- by area in Queens. This is a very inaccessible area from the re- mainder of Long Island. Therefore, most of the employees come from the southwest portion of Hempstead Town. Less than a thousand people commute from Suffolk. One-third of the jobs are now in retail and another third in finance-business-professional. The limited room for expansion of all categories will mean a retention of the current proportions. 15. Great Neck Area. This employment center includes the Villages of Great Neck, Great Neck Plaza, Great Neck Estates, Kings Point, Kensington, Russell Gardens, Thomaston, Saddle Rock, and the unincorporated portion of Great Neck. It has a very large local work force since the area has very high popula- tion density and is not very accessible from other parts of the region. The proximity to New York City gives it the highest pro- portion of city resident work force than any other area in the region. The northern part of North Hempstead and Oyster Bay Towns and the northeast section of Queens are where most of the workers live. Half of the jobs are comprised of office related uses. Recent trends indicate a conversion from industrial to of- fice uses so the future proportion will be even higher. Retail ex- pansion is difficult so that category will remain in the 20-25% range. 16. Valley Stream Area. This employment complex has major retail space and some manufacturing and office uses. It is com- prised of the Village of Valley Stream and the unincorporated areas of North Valley Stream and Valley Stream South. The Village has high concentrations of residents in its work force which overall is very localized since 2/3 come from Hempstead Town. Twenty percent come from adjacent New York City and there is no significant employment drawn from North Hempstead Town, Oyster Bay Towns, or any parts of Suffolk County. Post 1980 expansion of Green Acres Shopping Center should shift the future employment closer to one-third retail and one- third finance-business-professional. 17. Plainview. This employment center is made up mostly of industrial uses and has a fairly large local work force. Many of the employees are from central Oyster. Bay and 30% come from Suffolk County. Overall, there is a fair dispersion of workers scat- tered along the north shore from Great Neck to Stony Brook, because of the excellent accessibility from the Northern State Parkway and the Long Island Expressway directly into the Plain- view industrial parks. Over 40% of the jobs in Plainview are industrial and it is unlikely that a large amount of the buildings will be converted to office or retail uses. Expansion and use of remaining vacant land will retain the industrial orientation. 64 18. Hempstead. The largest amount of work force- comes from the Village and nearby Uniondale and Roosevelt. The office and retail jobs attract peopie from Queens and Brooklyn, and Huntington and Babylon. However, 2/3 of the work force comes from the Town of Hempstead. The public utilities and Industrial jobs are expected to remain constant while the public administration, retail and finance- business-professional should expand as new County court fac- ilities and related office uses are built. 19. Amityviile Area. This center includes the Village of Amityville and the unincorporated communities of North Amity- ville and Copiague. It has a large local work force from the southern parts of Oyster Bay Town and Babylon Town and the southwest portion of the Town of Islip. A few people are attracted from the north shore; however, 25% of the work force lives in Nassau County due to the proximity of the jobs to the County line. Industrial and office jobs each account for one-third of the local employment and should remain in those proportions as the remaining vacant or underutilized land is developed. 20. Babylon Area. This area encompasses Babylon Village and the unincorporated communities of West Babylon and North Babylon. It has only a fair amount of local residents employed and draws employees from the eastern part of Babylon Town and the western portion of Islip. The workers appear to be more wide- ly scattered than from the nearby Amityville area since there is better accessibility via east/west limited access roads and the north/south Deer Park Avenue. Office and retail employment are the major groups with in- dustry accounting for less than 20% of all jobs. Land is not available for much industrial growth so the present proportions should remain for the next decade. 21. Bohemia-Ronkonkoma. There are some local concentra- tions of employees to this industrial and office center. However, more than 2/3 of the work force resides throughout the Towns of Islip and Brookhaven. There are very few Smithtown residents, considering the proximity to that town and a very small amount of Huntington and Babylon employees. This activity center draws a higher percentage of workers from Nassau County than any other central Suffolk County work site. The existence of Long Island MacArthur Airport and its specialized jobs could be the reason. I ~ At present 70% of the jobs are classified as industrial or finance-business-professional. The large amount of land available for industry around the airport and the existence of va- cant land adjacent to the office buildings should retain this pro- portion and greatly increase the total number of jobs. Growth since 1980, mostly in the industrial category, has been extensive in both component communities. 22. Patchog ue Area. This employment center contains the Village of Patchogue and the communities of East Patchogue and North Patchogue. This office and retail center has a strong local employment base along with a large number of employees from nearby Medford and North Bellport. The area attracts peo- ple from eastern Islip Town, most of Brookhaven and as far east as Southold Town. The office and retail jobs, including public administration ac- count for 70% of the total employment. There is room for some industrial expansion; however, the 15 % proportion is unlikely to increase. 23. Freeport. This empioyment center is a central business district which also has a high concentration of industrial and of- fice jobs. There is a very strong local work force and 3/4 of the work force resides within the Town of Hempstead. The connec- tion to the Meadowbrook Parkway makes the jobs more accessi- ble than many others along the south shore. However, most of the empioyees appear to come from the east rather than the north. There are more employees drawn from the Town of Baby- lon than from the Town of North Hempstead. The finance-business-professional and industrial jobs each ac- count for 30 % of the work force. Some redevelopment oppor- tunities offer expansion possibilities but not a major shift in overall types of employment. 24. Manhasset Area. This is a major office employment area which includes retail and medical jobs. The area encompasses Manhasset and the Villages of Munsey Park and Flower Hill. There is a strong local concentration of employees from the Town of North Hempstead. However, more employees come from Queens than from either Hempstead or Oyster Bay Towns. The employees are scattered all the way from eastern Queens to Huntington. 65 The overwhelming proportion of professional and retail jobs which now represent 80% of the total should remain the major use in the future. 25. Deer Park. This industrial center attracts a fair amount of local employment since more than 1/3 of the employees come from the Town of Babylon. Large amounts of employees come from the Towns of Islip, Huntington and Brookhaven, and smaller amounts from Oyster Bay and Smithtown. Half of all jobs are industrial related and the current and future growth indicates at least two-thirds of all jobs could be in this classification by 1990. 26. Glen Cove. The industrial and professional jObs in this City attract a very strong local work force, along with other em- ployees who live In Sea Cliff, Locust Valley and Bayville. There Is little other attraction from other parts of the Town of Oyster Bay because of the inaccessibility of the City. The employees that come from out of the area tend to come from east or west rather than south. Industrial jobs represent more than one-third of the local employment but little available land should mean an increase in the proportion of the other job types. 27. East Meadow Area. This employment center includes a large amount of medical and retail jobs. It encompasses the unincorporated communities of East Meadow and South West- bury. There is some local employment. However, most of the employees come from the eastern portion of the Town of Hemp- stead and some nearby census tracts in the Town of Oyster Bay. Industry is inconsequential in the overall picture, which is, and will continue to be dominated by medical and retail jobs. 28. Rockville Centre. There is some local work force to this retail-office employment center. About 85% of the employees come from Nassau County and most of these are in the south central portion of the Town of Hempstead. There is no attraction for workers from the north since the Parkway system orients traf- fic in the east-west direction and there are no limited access facilities in the northerly direction. The Village draws more employees from Queens and the Towns of Islip and Babylon than the nearby Town of North Hempstead. There is very little land that could be allocated to industrial use so that category should remain around 10%, while the strong professional components continues to account for more than half of all jobs. 29. Port Jefferson Area. This area has a large amount of pro- fessional jobs and a strong local concentration of employees. It includes the Villages of Port Jefferson and Belle Terre, along with the unincorporated community of Port Jefferson Station. Outside of the immediate area, the employees come from northern Brookhaven and scattered communities in the remainder of the Town. The finance-business-professional category now comprises half of the local jobs. An even greater proportion is possible in the future even though there is some land available for industrial and retail growth. 30. Oceanside. This is an industrial, retail and business center that has a very localized work force because of inaccessibility to other parts of the region. Employees are drawn mainly from the adjoining communities and the City of Long Beach. There are more employees from Queens than either the Towns of North Hempstead or Oyster Bay. The largest amount of Suffolk County employees are from the Town of Babylon. limited industrial and retail expansion is possible but a change in the proportion of jobs is unlikely in the near future. 31. Port Washington Area. This employment center includes the unincorporated Port Washington area plus the Villages of Manhorhaven and Port Washington North. The area has some in- dustry and a large amount of financial, business and professional jobs. It has the most localized labor force of any of the employ- ment areas on Long Island. Forty-five percent of the workers live within the local community, mainly because the area is not easily reached from other portions of the region. Only 20% of the work force live outside of Nassau County. However, there are almost 400 workers who are attracted from the Town of Huntington. Since 1980 there has been industrial expansion in the former sandpit area so there should be a short-term expansion of this type of job. Accessibility will limit future growth to office and retail jobs. 66 32. Stony Brook. Approximately 3/4 of the work force is employed in office jobs in this predominantly public employment concentration that contain the State University. There is a very strong local work force along with a large number of employees from nearby Port Jefferson. The location of residence of the employees is concentrated in northern Brookhaven, the north- east part of Smithtown and some sections of the Town of Islip. There is a very limited opportunity for industrial growth so the present job mix is expected to remain. Appendix Table 3.3 provides detailed transportation data to the 32 employment areas. Appendix Table 3.4 and 3.5 provide a summary of all worktrlps in the region by place of residence in 1970 and 1980 and Place of Work in 1970 & 1980. Future Job Growth A large amount of new employment is expected in the same areas that now have the greatest amount of jobs. Availabie land, the possibility of reuse, fairly good access and nearby services will continue to be attractive in the existing employment centers. Outside of the thirty-two areas Identified In this report. there are smaller centers that have between 5,000 and 10,000 employed persons. These include Nassau communities such as Levittown, Massapequa, Lynbrook, Merrick, Baldwin, Wantagh and Long Beach. None of these communities which are made up of mostly commercial and small scale office employment are expected to Increase enough to surpass the larger employment areas. Suffolk County communities with between 5,000 and 10,000 jobs include Commack, Lindenhurst and Holtsville. Commack, because of its proximity to the Hauppauge industrial complex, is expected to grow in employment. The community has excellent access and some available non-residential land. Holtsville has the IRS Center as its job base and has available industrial land nearby. Therefore, it also has the capacity to be a major employ- ment center. Lindenhurst is likely to have insignificant growth because there is little land available for new construction and large scale redevelopment appears unlikely in the near future. Other communities that are expected to have job growth are Uniondale with the EAB Plaza on former Mitchei Field land, Holbrook with available and accessible industrially zoned land; and Yaphank with very accessible industrial land, a major shop- ping center site and the existing Suffolk County Center. 67 Conclusion Currently thirty-two major employment centers as identified from the 1980 census contain two-thirds of all jobs on Long Island. In the last decade more than three-quarters of the new jobs were created in these thirty-two areas. Projections indicate that at least this proportion of new jobs will be added to the ex- isting centers so that at the end of this decade, they should ac- count for 75 % of all the regions' employment. This future con- centration of work sites could make bus and car pool oppor- tunities greater in the future as the spreadcity pattern on Long Isiand gradually shifts to a centers approach as envisioned in the 1970 Comprehensive Pian for Nassau and Suffolk Counties. That plan also promoted the concentration of new housing in relation to the work places. This has not happened to a great ex- tent except for some new condominium construction that has created some housing clusters not too far from some of the larg- est job centers. The drawback in terms of providing housing resources to ihe work places is that many of the new units are very expensive or are targeted for retirees, thus excluding a iarge portion of the potential workers. Traffic volume on the principal east-west arterials may in- crease at a slower rate in the coming years, but peak hour traffic congestion may not decrease significantly no matter what physical improvement or ride-sharing programs are imple- mented now or in the foreseeable future. One obvious reason is that any road system has limited capacity and the road system on Long Island is in-place and essentially mature. Any capacity improvements will only be marginally effective. Further, the loca- tion of the major employment centers require that one of the principal east-west arterials be used for part of the work trip. With more workers both living and working on Long Island, the peak hour period may be contracted because people have to travei shorter distances, but the volume per hour on the road- ways may Increase proportionately. This phenomenon may oc- cur even as people begin to reside further and further east. 68 Recommendation s The need for a continued flow of employees into the major employment centers should be a concern of all employers in the region. It was pointed out in the 1983 Long Island Regional Plan- ning Board report, Labor Force and Jobs Analyses, that in the next decade, based on job creation, employment and job trends, it might be necessary to import labor force. Labor force growth is slower than job growth in the 1980's which results in a very favorable low unemployment situation in this region, coupled with the need to import workers from New York City. This need is likely to change the overall journey to work patterns and require certain actions in order to attract the necessary labor force. At present workers living in New York City and working in Nassau or Suffolk Counties commute by automobile. Many such com- muters now travel to nearby areas in western Nassau County. The need for longer trips in the future could result in an increase in the dependence on bus and railroad. The bus patterns can be shifted to a morning eastbound configuration somewhat easier than the Long Island Railroad, since they do not require a fixed right-of-way. However, the operations on the railroad, even though more difficult to change, could provide more reverse commutation opportunities. Some of the employment areas that are either large at the present time, or are expected to grown in the future, are accessible to existing or proposed railroad sta- tions. Hicksville, Westbury, Bethpage and the Brentwood- Centrallslip area fall within this category. The electrification at the latter stations will provide improved service to these areas. The new stations at Ronkonkoma and Deer Park, which will also be on an electrified line, also will be in this category. The max- imum use of the railroad for reverse commutation will not be feasible unless a second track is built to Ronkonkoma. The largest job concentration, Melville-East Farmingdale, will have an electrified station at Farmingdale, while there is also an op- portunity to create a railroad station at East Farmingdale that could be used to make bus connections throughout the Route 110 Corridor. Consideration in all of this reverse commutation is the need for extra track capacity on the main line of the railroad. A third track through the main line corridor west of Hicksville is necessary to maintain the important westbound traffic for the commuters who will continue to be attracted to certain New York City jobs, while allowing reverse traffic for the expanded employ- ment centers on Long Island. 70 The shorter work trip will also make people less inclined to use ridesharing either in the form of mass transit or carpooling. Trav- el time generally must be greater than 30 minutes for people to begin to consider carpooling and greater than 45 minutes for vanpooling to be considered. According to the 1980 Census, the average work trip time is 31 minutes in Suffolk County with 25% of the work force travelling more than 45 minutes. When it is con- sidered that a large portion of those travelling more than 45 minutes are using the Long Island Railroad and most of the re- mainder are travelling to rail-inaccessibie areas of New York City, then the potential universe of ridesharers may be limited; and at least with regard to carpooling, most of the people who are inclined to carpool are currently carpooling and it would be difficult to induce others to do so. Travel time also has a bearing on transit use; particularly for choice riders, those who could use their automobiles. Auto travel time, even with congestion, may be less than the total time required for using transit when travel to the bus stop and waiting time are considered. 69 The aforementioned New York City linkages, as shown in the earlier sections of this report, are important because of the amount of income that is returned to Long Island from employ- ment in New York City. Therefore, Long Island residents should take a greater interest and support many of the improvements that are either under way, being considered, or are future possibilities that will have an effect on access to New York. The West Side Storage Yard in Manhattan and the Penn Station im- provements which are under way are both very important ele- ments to improving access. Improvements to the track and ac- cess to and around Jamaica are important as is the possible use of unused East River tunnels. Decisions on these items are to be made in the very near future. They would improve the access to other areas of New York City from many parts of Long Island. Where there is a greater concentration of employment in specialized areas on Long Island, it is important to take advan- tage of the mass transit opportunities. Mass transit services in the form of different sizes of buses to meet different needs should be available as early as possible to the various employ- ment centers. This will encourage people to establish travel pat- terns that rely on mass transit rather than the automobile. In order to take full advantage of the Long Island Railroad elec- d ~ trification and the potential travel time reduction, it is important that a priority be given to easing congestion around stations that are now or will be electrified in the next few years. A reduction in the time that commuters require to travel from home to station and from station parking lot to the train can favorably affect railroad ridership. The study has shown that the automobile is still a significant factor in the journey to work trip and will continue to be the main mode of travel to jobs on Long Island. Therefore, it is very impor- tant to give priority to making improvement on roads with high volume and/or low levels of service during peak work travel times. Often, certain expressway linkages, intersection im- provements, service road connections, etc. could have a very significant improvement in rush hour traffic. It is necessary to orient many of the future road improvement projects directly to the areas that are likely to have traffic problems, even more in- tense than those that presently exist. There are 120,000 workers in the Route 110 Corridor and near the Nassau-Suffolk border who use autos to get to work. Roadways nearby in the Towns of Huntington, Babylon and Oyster Bay should have a high priority for improvement. This has already been done to some extent with major road widenings, new connections to access roads, plans for parallel roadways, and service road additions. 71 Huntington -.... Bay \___, ~ . ~Co' .II ",,": 1- ii:.". '~ ---'l) '\ $pr /ff A.-: Hempsteadr; '" .f"'-' I 41 J/1J .1.1 "" '; If I ",,: '.1<l! Ho,bo' kJ~' _' UA-- \' ,,_ ^ <" ,: . .. r-";:.. J'Ii;""", -y--. ;. Ob- ) ... ,f "~r, \ "1: f l = -, ~.' I _. ,_., _. ~ { ~ \ c *,1 u,r- J "'j' ~T'" u '1' .} ~ ... -' (: t" '''''" "". ,,,' : 7\1,,:,! ' , .. . ... ,., I _cc', , _.. .." _ \ _ ... . . .. "',, -. , C"'" , ..:Y.- ~ ._ , . 1--\.~ Hi-;' -'..~ ,-", 1: -"" '/. ,.,'" rA ~).. '. ~" {' ,; * ~'i' "".: .~ ,_. ._. '~.;'~. '._ .:s.- '\.<.~y .. U':'.~ ~.. - . -:r 4~'1.....L."\J,,.. ,m" . (j ~:'" . t' V- J! '~I m.. iJ.K . 0 n- _.._ .1 f .. }_ lp'T !i"-~/ _. i _\~S;."'g" ... . ..lU..'-.1 0/- ,"- n\~[)s...._ "".::;"'~- f... -':Q".t. '_',,"" '''''J~' _. ---'r: _. ~~;_' --1 '1"\-T~ /' - -.. IOlll. ...." ~-"'.. co:l .......7, ."" ,,,.,.,. 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J' ':'/W':"'. ~;\' -- - . .', _ ' \~ ~ ,"'~ Il./.:,., ~ ~;::... .."" ,'i ,...._~...'.;.~ "" ".,!. - .,\:.; }}~,. -, , m //.i;7fL' ,,,"" i' 0".\1 (..:.~; " 1/, ~., .....~\ _.'1 ' "'1Y"'.. "cl- -' '-" . , ,'_" 4'1:._" .. _ _, '_" ,..,. j""'- " '- ,,,,,...- , .~ , ,. " '" .~'" " ". . - . '-. . ~ ""-~ ..-,., .. ,,, , -, ,-".., ~...,- , ""., I ~, -~..;;!".. fi' .... ..1.:',' .'fr-q ~~. ~;:~<JI/ /'YJp..&-..,. .= .. lJ. --..."..' ,. ,,"'" V"j LI~" -''''''-- r-.. 'i-~ V / ... .. = ~-~~ .D $mithtown Bay -. I J - lEG E N 0 - Number 01 Workers CJ 50-99 CJ 300-399 Smithtown Bay CJ 100-199 .. 400-499 ~ 100-299 .. 500+ , : , "/ ~ . i II..... \';. " I"'." "".f! o , , !O I <' Q ".,-"-'" q r ' . ~-~~'-~ f '.IJO \ , / , / .. II..... 11...1. , , I I , 11. 1..0.01 It ".....1.._1 l-GARDEN CITY AREA -q IV Employment Center Bay , scale in miles long island ! 0 a . 4 new york LONG ISLAND REGIONAl PLANNING lOUD Huntington :L"Ssay ~\'h~; Co/ , J/ ":"; ~' . , Sp, 6, , Sm"",w" I Hempstead /,)1 f:i ~J. ".. ' ~ , "". ';:. ..lJ;~ r ". r"" r' t\ ~ \ '. '." ~~~ P~'l" Harbor I ,.,f'~'~f~'''. \ ".\1 &!..'.I ~,. " i ~, ~" .' "". 'y"" :W. l . ; l'''''' )) l """\ I' ""'-- '- '''', ''"-'''J",,, "". ,~ _'~" ~' ~' "''''' . , , '-;' ,~ ;r - II 0""" _.' ~ (r ',. "" " " , '" ~'. , .t' .<', f ,. '. ,"'... ,"'.. -- ",' , ., C " " ~ -' _ ,.. ., L ,,, '., " , _" , . , '-,". 1- _, '....". ,," ....../-'f;,~r~ "f. H.... ", \' ~. II;. ',: ,r'~ \ I " ,,:. I i Il.~"~~l"- Oft".L _.~.f,' , J. ~ :"'~...' AI.."-k't/-i..}'" '*';;;;t..- 01?'~-~,~_; -. "::'" r~.,r _M7!!' ~'f1,~, "'",,,. ~'""~, _. =-"-c,' r;,.,(.~'" ., "'''," ",. 4<<'. , ,~" . n' ~. -00" ~," " '~. ~, ;-1~:s,;r~1-.\:~'f-'\'9'-'" - -.....'~.i~ - - r.wtn """_ ,"". ~'"'' '" ~ ....," '.'" '-'''l-''''- -~'\:1:i - B' " "', , _. ,"_ ~ k". "'" .. -"'." :""""'" '''' , " """ -" '--"'" . "'f" . .")l .'""-''''~'~-i"t''';--l''''''''.. '," '" ~ '". ._ r ,I :;~ \...: .'\ ,{ Yo. '~......... :"-II-'::...1.__t;',.... ..... . IIJ,-~ ~~ ,~". .~., .. ~ , , ___ ~. ".... 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'1::..<. , ""'" "'., . "\>'1"01.' "/ '",' ~ ""1' -', b~' . ~.... h. '~.. "i _. _.,~. "I. ~ ri-1::~~~,:~, ~ ~- " -,!O'~ ::<.., ~::"" -- - C' " '''t..~~ '\l7_j":' 1..:t!i"." ""~-'~ .' # -:.. ~. ,.~ ~ I- ...)_"r.y''f:',-....t6~~.. ,. ".....~r_.. .O'~."., 7' '-\:. , ,.w "~-"). ';;,1 - """ - ,,_. ~ 7,,~. __,~.: f' ._ ~If:?' \-';0;~<'" ".!. .. ". '".F';,:c.-."..:;(,:: "."~~... r..' ~l ~.c....t. ':' j m ., -. ,il .. I I, _ lJ \',: \.. /JI. ,,,.. _ "'U'J.. -<'::\" -f.)' .. ... ' "~~;'~'~'n :'\~1.'1J::~r:l , ". "", .J. m .,.....I';?I!J.."f'~. ',"::''' i ":t"" I "", L '~ f' W'.; . J ""':::-' .'" ~"",~,, - ,," . '~J.<~, 'L ''', ." $i ""--. " ,"'. ,,_' AC~' ...... :T '\ ~ ? IP;'~V "" "'. ~"""<',:.-u '''''-~"~''';''~;--N'Ji;'l1,,,..-r';''-~_rl 'm-:"'~' ~,:';t. ltq: { : :;;'c.' -""'11~~~...- ~~II.,\',>Y'IP~ ,."",\" .",,~....~~ "" '",. .... ...... ".... p;i' JI~"'.--r.c"-- -4-. "Mt..,/_. ,g. ".~""""'" <::', """yi,) :, '. ~~:"1~'" .. - ..', "', ,M. " "', v<.i.--..,_ _:,., 'Jl. ,. ~",,,~,:, ;,; .".Y.~'.'~~~'." ;:~"':"'''.:q,fJ~''.''~~:~(rf'''{ 4""/i;;')-?iJ" ~ll"'''''.o{~r...,EA - -', ~. Great / \ 0" '" "--"'" "". ',\,~ ~~ ~, S" M ':t' '~ ~. " 'ii." I, · " \~ 4C ' U" ,.. '\ / "" Y':5'~""" ''''.''<'' /i'd _ -">f, , .c., , ~lJ : ,..'~".>" ~~<(D.~~'-Zj~ ~ , ~-q," ", .= f'-. r .'7 <> _____~ . L [ G [ NO. Number of Workers CJ 50-99 CJ 300-399 CJ 100-199 ~ 400-499 ithtown Bay ~ .. 500+ 200-299 ""., ,,...... o ~., , <l , f ~ '"LJO 9~'" " y ---~'-~ , I. '''',I' "....1 . . , "".11 \ , '. ~ InUI '" "".It I ~ Ji ~ j Fig. 3.3 2 -HICKSYILLE. JERICHO lltUII..,1 Bay .. Employment Center scale in miles long island .. new york lONG ISLAND REGIONAl PLANNING BOARD o 2 . Huntington Smithtown Boy \ .'. .' -;oj I I I Bay I I ~ j ~ Bay 1111.1' 11ll_1~,,_) uth Bay "10.1' , , , , .1::'" ''''_II o , ,. ,I(J nil." f tf , c:z ~.. I.DO "r --. oo____~...~., , t, " " "".11 ""." . lEe E NO. Number of Workers c=J 50-99 c=J 100-199 IIIiIIl 200- 299 c=J 300-399 \ ".... , {]o ''''.1' , / , I I , , ~ ~ 'ij #.-' "lO" Fig. 3.4 3-MEl VlllE .. Center scale in miles long island 0 . . .. new york lONG ISLAND R1GIONU PLANNING lOUD l_ ~u;n'inglo~n "' Bay \.n, ~ ' - Co/ i/ "...: ,..... - ,~ "~..-.F Spr I?;I/ f\)/" . H'~:::::~..:;f.t ,~~._ c; ),r;, - - ~., ~ (\~'! Sm''''ow. Bo, :;1 <;~. ~'rf.' ..~.. · "lQ. "... \\ ,~. ,..,,, i' -----./1,,-,. r ",::::-y "." j. ;v '" r " ~, ".. , r. ').?'- ) .......c:r ,\,,~r ,... *'.". ..., ....w'. .Ii ::':' J-:',.~,J. ~, ~ l..)/"."!!l. """'. \~,.., ,~..'"'<I; "~ { n~ *. "r' , "" f-:. . I' ! ~ . . , ..... ,,,,,. "". i"'7r ~ , (.' \.J., 'C\) --' ':r _l, _ III,.. , S ' " h" ' "/', .,,-, -- .- ., .,.- _ .'>4"'. H ~ ' -, ~ - 'i'c.' '" ,,' '/ " ." , ,- , '" ~ _ '. ) ',_ , , ",. lJ \ w:::i'~ )~J:; IX'.:;:! : "".,! ~,,)li ./".". mOO' '. ''''~'';... m,~ ~ f'~ f. :"t'. 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II..... , l [ G [ NO, Number of Workers CJ 50-99 L:J 300-399 CJ 100-199 .. 400-499 .. 200-299 .. 500+ \ , '. , IJ> Grea...!.------- ----- Peconic Bay /!, . , ~ Fig. 3.5 1"1.0' 4-F ARMINGDAlE AREA .. Employment Center scale in miles long island 0 a a 4 new york LONG ISLAND REGIONAl PLANNING BOARD Huntington '" Smithtown " .~-~ Fig. 3.6 I 5-lAKE SUCCESS- NEW HYDE PARK AREA Smithtown Bay I..,... -. Great ,nUII.._l South Bay ~ I kl I f .- , C1 ,,/',. \<jDO (] r ~, c>o ...... ----~<" I I. \ , / I' , I I , "'UI N-'." ".... , .., It...., Employment Center scale in miles o . . long island .. new york LONG ISLAND RlGIONll PLANNING BOARD Hunfington '" Bay \n,;;\ ~ ~ -- CoI 4\.J'~,'..__ ~" '~.- Spr' ~/r 0;0 \. 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'tl[;:i~'" '5;~' . _"', ! ~1?,:J::. .:~.f~2?Jk.'{bjfif(i1'~L~\~~rf5~~~~B'~s;~ead{;~G~a~~"'~ ' ~ C0~ ! ------""~;;-...) L!,Qi~~~rJ /1'0 ~ f?o&-. '''='', _ ~' lJ ' O. "" ,tit. I, ~1:i0:J0:J~''-U u. .. ~ 'u ~-,w.,r . = , ' _ ,,"" - ~ 1 1 Smith/own Bo -::: . l [ G [ NO. Number of Workers c:J 50-99 CJ 300-399 Smithtown Bay CJ 100-199 ~ 200-299 .. 500+ o ~.. , ,. ,<J ""-It t' o ",.=" {J r ~, " ----~--...,. f \01JO ", \';. '" ""'1 H_~o''''' 110.... \ ,"'" ". , / / , I I , ." 101U' " 0 Fig. 3.7 6-SYOSSET -WOODBURY Great ,nUII,,_1 South Bay , , , , .. Employment Center long island new york scale in miles o 4 a a lONG ISLAND REGIONAL PLANNING lOUD ~ ADS l~ rJ " , ""11 I..V" , , tt..1lL ADS UMOI'lI!WS , lEG E NO, Number of Workers CJ 50-99 c:=J 300-399 .~ I CJ 100-199 ~ 400-499 .. .. , """ , , 0- .!!:"! \ IJ> 11.0.01 ~~b~~ ''''.11 - , " ,o:J f <' , 0 ~" '.'" C r -', ", . ---~~~ 1111.1' , "'UI , .. I / ,...It ,,' , f f , .tt1.. ..' .J d i ~ ~ \;!> Fig. 3.8 7 -HAUPP AUGE Employment Center mi. in miles long island o .. 4 new york lONG ISlAND REGIONAL PLANNING BOARD .. Huntington ret--' )", "" '" ,_ CoI .D BaY;~\~~__, Hempstead "" ~ I \ ~/1-,''7i Spr' )/ """/ CJ 50-99 [:=J 300-399 *' Harbo~ ' ~",rn~,) /, r~,j ""j{" ,j ';'v \~ r--l 100-199 .". ^, \: ""',;\,;:; "":oX"':c "." G/(' , , I ~''l! L-..J ..' ~,,~1I,/ ~)5;':'i;";"I: '~~-''''' ~,-r \1 -r ''(i0J:,;' ~0 ~i:';:", (~200-299" 500+ -fp J<.. -,", j/"i~p..l'" · "", " I~ - -"},~ ~~,;~'!)~ I "";;"';'''''ll ::1 /k~""" ,1\ /1-, "\ .~' ;;:,~/), ~ I it-,,, ' i'\ :'~. ,':, ,/", ..~" ~"\i 1 - ""-f" , ' ,1 ..', :( ['. -':':", " { ,," '\ -" """---~ ~ , ~ :?"~: t.. rJ ,~-' ~ _ ,;~, "nf' \ _,,_. ' "'... i: _ -...- ;g \....-,,,. ~ '''''',' ; l"\ 111"'-""0'- In. i ~:- ~ ~ .. - ....~' " " ,1':"'11" '. ,.".... '-..c: \ .7 \~ (~k..,; " \' - / .'!,o" -~I'\ K_ j\ /' :r ", ., .""" ~ ",... 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Fig. 3.9 "'ff.-.",7iif;tu.~~":''<Jj;:2jc>'''~ ,~~~yste.e~r.p"r" ".... ~ 8 WESTBURY AREA . -----~""}u"..r' O}'~:f5?~.cu !j)'dVL~Efr.;~~J:tJ~~~' .,~ ". - r CJ c' , ...c::...<>~ '8l '" = , il ~ , l [ G [ N 0 Number of Workers Employment Center mi. in miles long island . . . new york o lONG ISLAND R1GIONAI PLANNING BOUD Huntington r - -----., ), --:::::'/, /""' 7 " +) \' -,,/ \ - L- ... - t~ . rtji-:'l::'i~r"';: ~ ~ _, T. )<:'i~_I'''}-' Ir"- ,.(.~ -"--. /.. /l~~::-y"r .,...1....., .. ~-1~~~-!i:.'-~~;."kij-: ;:: .'. __ ..~~.::~~~ ...i..~...:....::...:1::.:.1-1,_, __ -'~~~'''' . ~-. \.~;.;--- .- <.t."t ';~--i.~~"'l~~~tl"~/!~~i, ...~..~\C) oJ:I.:..:::._ -:. :;;,\,-,'),.-1, '\" ..' _ . "'1--"-;::~t-" ":" -l-j~-. "j ~JI"'("';"i ""_I' y--\:"...-:, ~ l-- _ -.::r"'~{..-.I7'::{.;-"'~ ~~ ""-=- r ~,:: .W'o,'''' kl 1(..........t-_j ... \.... r...... I" . ~2f/:1 .. -. ...-....... / ... _ ". S:L':. -- - l"",\.,..~ ;; . ";':';": _ i _ ' ~, \ _~~~ 't...- .1':,......;.-:.. tj'.. J"'''~<;;;; ,,:-1_-__ t'~~-"'i("~':'t..J._'. r'..",;..,.. *<l ~1;'~2s~f;2.i2f::':f1.~.<_' _- ....~..r"...L-.; '\..,..1..'~,...... '/ ~""-"""l_''\\'~'.o{;lc,<.:./.. ~ ~1: ~\....,::;\'?....fr'r'I'r':r1.'~''--:4 .. .. ~"''i~.\,.. .T.....~.. "'I ')l"~tf".f'i.$;;1<...~.......,'"'f-~"" "0 t-, ::.-:: r.: ::t~'-..~...;~.j .. W':.,'-:." ...., ._ =~~)'-I _ J;:v." -'/~''''_ _ _ ~):r7\;'- l":~?;/':J:~t. --r.:.r....,~..,.. \.-...~...\: ," ",,::~...... r1 ~'..--.J....~ .. !~,,~~ '1'.. . ,~ ,.-J...."-y.,..~......... \(~;~~:~>t. ~" '\, "'.: ~.. '~"/. ~" -'-"'~ ~ --, '\111"". SmithtowI , LEG E NO, Number of Workers c:J 50-99 L:J 300-399 L:J 100-199 11III 400-499 nithtown Bay ~ !III 200- 299 500+ , : .f':"; """ o , " ,I(] r i' , w~.. ,.DO U r -', . -~-,~.....-:; IIn... ""_f! .&_w.. -. p . it""" ~ ! ~ I IItU11o<_1 Bay .q .~ ,,".. \ / /' , I I , \ ,~ '...., '" .~ Fig. 3.10 9-BETHP AGE Employment Center scale in miles long island . new york LONG ISLAND REGIONAl PLANNING lOUD o a a ~~ ,(og '1lnoS l-,'lln", IOaJ!) .- .' ......1 l ....11I ~ ,(og UMOj'lI!WS " UOI6u!IUnH . lEG E NO. Number of Workers CJ 50-99 CJ 300-399 CJ 100-199 ~ 400-499 .. 200-299 ~ 500' ~ " ""_tl ''''.'1 ... \ " CP , , o I"'." lq f ~ ,Ii! , 0 ~,. \ loLl" q r --, ~-~~':-.-:;~ " . If) II..... , , / / , I I , , "".11 '6"~~Y Fig. 3.11 10-BRENTWOOD- CENTRAL IS LIP "/"'t tj "OJ... IL 'd ~ ., "'~~~"y 'Ill.'. -" "...., ,.' .. Employment Center scale in miles o 2 . long island . new york LONG ISLAND REGIONAl PLANNING BOARD Huntington .LEGEND. Fig. 3.12 Number of Workers CJ 50-99 CJ 300-399 ll-BA Y SHORE AREA CJ lDo-199 .. 4DD-499 Employment Center II!I 2Do- 299 .. 500+ scale in miles long island 0 . . 4 new york lONG ISLAND R1GIONAL PLANNING lOUD .-, . , ). ') Lr p' - r r',,,. J_ "',- ~I .:e ~..,.n;, - '= -.;::;. '= '= ~f~ 111'''1''1 - :~ 1 1111"1,,1. --- , , lit.... \_ , ,. .ft.=,::.:; -. q/}'e,>"o, 0 ?'~ \0 0 7' l.r-" ""~ .. Great 'IOU"".) South Bay ~ ~~ . l [ G [ NO. Number 01 Workers 50-99 CJ 300-399 100-199 .. 400-499 Sm;thtown Boy .. 200-299 500+ I.... \ , , Ont... SOlJ,th ,_. 7~B~S:~G(~L~ """ '\ Great ~~~~~ ~~~ <0~ ! ~ South Fig. 3.13 12 -HUNTINGTON AREA Employment Center Boy long island new york LONG rSLAND R1GrONll PLANNrNG lOUD scale in miles o a a 4 ~ L [ G [ N 0 CJ Number of Workers ~ :unti;gto~n. 50-99 Hempstead. it. -" _.JMCol _ ) ay ::~;;: CJ 100-199 Harbor ~1 ~[ J~S~:' r- "" .r~(f?5 - 200--199 .. 500+ .. ^, ~ ~ -.;:"!f.. .". ~ ~. '-r.. ~ - r- "11111,3. '~"_..,-' \ . / '-V f , if' ~;.''!, r......~ ,,;, 't ;,,;.:, ":;K ,;, . \ J.. .~ ' <f C':: . ..--=" "---. j .. '\. ~" ..,r' "" :~T'" .. ::. /~ WT,: ' ~ l.~." "'W ~/ "." \\ ~)~ \:-1\.,., i .;-......) "\ ~r:t-'" lci~ <.,' h-,.~. . ,," .' ". /. 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"1 ' f, "" I<Il fJ~;: ' 1 h, . , :'" .~ ""4\..:"-t.~ ~ ,..; .;;' '(Uk I .. '. ~iV';;ll!... \;;-:'...: ::.....,~ "" - J; ",'~ "'_ ,~_._ . & n ........,~ "" r..., I ,on "--;T" "\'\.\ IF,'. tP ~ ~ "I> "01. ~r: .. _~ =t.dL.,/., ~'.I' _ 1m...... ,~) __ I ~ ...." < , A' ~:'~~'i ~~~, ~E/JdtiJ~~-(\' :~~Of\::fi~rii!OSO~ '''''(j~~ 14-FIVE TOWNS .. . ... "F" u,7;:,)~...\j~..J - ~ if~ystea~k5!?'''"'( "~",.." .~ ~ - ;-.~&;?C!] <<%:2f)~'{~C:P r Employment Ce~ter ~~~ t1i\. mle " miles long Island W 0 , . . .. new york lONG ISLAND REGIONAl PLANNING lOUD . lEG E NO. Number of Workers c=J 50-99 c=J 100-199 .. 400-499 1M 200- 299 ~ 500+ o 4 ..." II.,,, Fig. 3.16 15-GREA T NECK AREA Center long island new york .. Employment scale in miles a . lONG ISLAND REGIONAl PLANNING IOARD Huntington A _ .D j .kY "" ',f'c - ^ -O<4C;01 Bay \, Hempstead I '''-'',J' _--'7'. )" II 50-99 r--I 3011-399 li.:;L:ft # I 1 Spr L--J L--J Harbor I \0:'. ..rVl ~). . II _ :, . ...... """1f".~.:~ .... U;{r- . ".. 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(' 5.", \ ~ :' UJ3t;d{~ 'fi~t"~~~U~B:~s:~ee~,~~ ~~' ..., " ! ~u,_ ;;;=" ".. dl! .fI'~ .. ~;:r~:::J'-;"1 I Ad L-"F ~ ,V ~ q _ __ . "~ '0"", , -"h:M-'"J_ =''-J u. 0 --, , " ~" I ". " = ~;:'~e: Smithtown Boy B I =---- . LEG E NO. Number of Workers CJ 50-99 CJ 300-399 Cd 100-199 .. 400-499 /htown Bay .. 200-299 .. SOOt 'lOON o "".11 ll'U, I I I' ". \ '\ , , IJ , f <' , 0--=,. I~IJO q r ", ~--~..:~"' , \ ""_II .. ,.' "..." I I I I ,.1 " ".... lltUtl"_1 Bay -q .II'- ~ . , ~ Employment Center scale in miles o . . long island .. new york :: lONG ISLAND REGIONAl PLANNING IOARD Fig. 3.19 l8-HEMPSTEAD Center . l ( G ( NO. Number of Workers CJ 50-99 G.&J 30D-399 1>';1:;, CJ 10D-199 .. 400-499 .. 200-299 .. 500' .. Employment scale in miles .;::. '= '= ;g~: ;g ""~. '-' '-' - """ '111..1... --- , I - . . long island 4 new york o LONG ISLAND REGIONAL PLANNING lOUD Huntington . LEG E NO. Number of Workers CJ 50-99 C:::J 300-399 CJ 100-199 .. 400-499 ---- II!I 20D- 299 ~~l .. 11.....1 .".,~ ~ ,...01 scale II miles o . . long island .. new york LONG ISLAND IIGIOUL PLANNING lOUD . l [ G [NO . Number of Workers Huntington '" I'.' 1..'j,;,"':A" 300-399 . c=J 50-99 c:J 100-199 III!I 200-299 1('"'"0 f--' .' ~ IlII.II I ~ .. 400-499 \ Smith/own Bay 500+ ""." '10'.. Fig. 3.21 20-BABYLON AREA 11".f! AI Employment Center scale in lIliles long island 0 a a 4 new york lONG ISLAND REGIONAl PLANNING lOUD lltllll.._l South Bay -q ~o ~ Fig. 3.22 21-BOHEMIA-RONKONKOMA .. Employment Center Smith/own Bay scale in miles o . . long island . new york LONG ISLAND REGIONAL PLANNING BOUO I I~~ 1"'.'1 riverl o ""." <' ' Or'-'~- I {' o -', .j , - . ,,~d ' '#" ---~ / II , , , , r \.IJO llOUI ~'\ Grea/ "'UII...I Number of Workers Q , , " CJ c:=J '~ Bay -q 50-99 300-399 ~ C0~ , CJ .. : 100-199 400-499 , , , II!!I ~ 200-299 500+ Huntington Smithtown Bay I #'1 ,...... , r ,..,... , .1::..; 0 , " ,00 f . ,..1.11 c/ \.DO q~ ,,~.~ " ~-~ ) ""11 ,......::...-.T~ +f!' "...tI Great "01.11\00.) Q , Mor~ -. South o Bay ~ C0~ , ! " lEG E NO" Number of Workers c=J 300-399 .. 400-499 500+ , , : Q I...." G " t"" ''''.11 , " ,00 t \oLl" .. 'v ....... '* .J k .d d Fig. 3.23 22-PATCHOGUE AREA ~ ., Employment Center ",I. in miles long island D .... new york lONG ISLAND REGIONAl PLANNING lOUD Huntington . lEG END Number of Workers ,---, 5~19 D "~3" H.,b., I, ~ _. '/(~; n ,.. "'. ~I. (\ ~ I, ~". L-.J .. 00.9 - ~'>... _,y 'I>? ! .. rfiJ, '.' - 100-199 . - , '" .. .".. 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" _. ", ,". R I ' ~Q ~ · "':.e.l.",:" ''-1?''> ,," .. -.,. ~" "'''ul( _ ' ,,_ , , ",'" , ~H "'.' w .A ~:h ' ,)J/ ~..,.p.); ":'~)"" y,,;.ti?;J ". .":'l~'~~r ",; .", (nV~F.,\f=j,~I.~ ''''~:''''9lM'';r":''i'''''T~'.,. ~ _._ ., · ""0 .11, 'K' "'", ,,' ... II< " " '"dJ ,<(. " ...J .". 1 IVY" "V .d" "'~<; .. T .., ,~ '" " ~,,1'V " '- G,.o ' . }l''t y -,"' "Cflf - e:J..-'."1'... "'f". 5" ,_ \ Fig. 3.24 1..:1 ";;.s,, ~ ~~j'li '~_lt&Zl.lq '!(:g:tb;~.,,~b' ~~ ~~r-., ~el'~ 23-FREEPORT '"I::jd,pr~~'?;~;/:;jV;P0ll~l'!;~~~9~__..........,~~ ~ ".~ · fmploymenl Cen"" ----'-.::7?~__=~~"'" ~7~~.~. ~. mi. in miles long Island (( r\. a a 4 new york o LONG ISLAND REGIONAL PLANNING BOARD Huntington . L [ GE N D . Number 01 Workers h ~~ .D B - ,1.'.... '/'-~, Co/ Vay r--I 5D-99 CJ 3DO-399 Hempstead .. I ''-''l .' S' ... ~ , . Harborr{ "'. f""" ~ r-'Ln r'~~ 'l d ~~ ~ CJ lDD-199 \'" -. ~ - "'-;;t.~~') J--"- ".. r-, _ r N~~ -'";,i . ~~~ i.:'~"~~. ;'j":.:~'.. j( . \ \ .'.,nl/~ 20~~299 ~ 5DD+ .. . ; ~ '\ J "'. 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A :unt;ngton ~ , Co/ Bay \ r--, Hempstead :"f.". II )"~-;l~~ L--J 50-99 [=:J 300-399 Harbor L ./'_ . / Spr - }j \}f!a r--,.. ;.;.' t: ~c"~~. ", }'" .~. I~' ".. r~' i yn<-\l L--J 100-199 400-499 ! _~~SbA./ -,"'" .~.~~::r-, ':.::L' ,-1' ~--l' .)<f(~ r);:""' CJ 200-299 CJ 500+ 1; ~ 1'< Tit ..:1 \_~ j:~ r-Z~llf)-, . i ""'''. .... t ..~ ~j'\ 3.. ".'" ,...L"';" 7 . " I 2) l; - - I ".~,..~ 'j ,/ i?".'li' _ .~' ,,\ ~~ ~3'-l, 'i1-, :; t (J:;;~ /,./1' . ",," ...." j""i _'Y'1. l(i~ ~."..!,.., -. =->0. ~ ~ .. ---~....." I 1"....."'u~ Iml f.--...., A~ " k -' - ~L - IJ 11- ....~ ..' ~ "".n .. 1 nMn". _I f_- _~ 0,;;' ~/\l>~ &~ ,h,.'.7, .... ".f .A ';",' , .1'J ,_, /"." ','"'' ,"~).-- ~', '''''''==-7l ' , :."(q.>.. ...,. kl~~:'- -C' ~ ll:l _ \ -,'...." !, - ~..~ I ,/ 'nll~. nu. ,m.M ";1" n'~~ J(,/~ ,..,..~: " ' , ~,",l: ," 'J _ - -,~~~' '-.:'" " .if ";"'" r ,. ;;;;;:,. - "". , -. 7 - Ii ,.,. . /. I, ~. . I .~ ftlL J." '"...\ "'..' I of, "t ~ 11 'm. ~~ ... ~ -s;._ - ( Nfl !'''''11 A\1 nl~< 111111 ~ 1nUI!k.. -. 1--; . m lU ~T'I-':J!.':2::i 0 ~'i II,I,;MI :fl 'rr ~tecrd)' .~. ~'".. -~."" /~':::: " -. ,.~__,"". """ j _. C". ? -~,/ --, - - .t.:Ci, =l~_ -,~.. "I"'" ",7:; ;'" ~"-.i1 <=~ J~,,,. '., ,"" ,,.,.,,""'"' '7 _.~',/, ~--' "::_\.:-~"M-:" -, ",- '{)~~ /' .... .... > .; IliL,;..: ~I "",:;-;; V, ".:..", ~, - n_ .:'0. -. - ~., y...~tJ._ 'El',r.;;" .~j. - /. -. ,~.. ; ~. ...r~, ... h\\ ':;;r<f'!~': "" j ~[ ~ ''':2,. ~ "'"' ~ . 'i .' < -. 'u.;..... ;,..., ".. ..... ~r:'."t:~i~' 02:- ./ 1""" 1. -<=- 'L.--" ",," "". r---: .'1''''7,11 .1 &>50\''': -...-.,-..."",--,- !----- '\Ij':", ~",': 'r~'''i'-:';'iV'''' ~Ig"~.'." . "... I' -- "".J. _"_~,'- -~ ,;.::J 'f.Y1 ,,f,Y:-:;..~ ~- '~_ ,. ~ ~. .. i l 1101 ".. u~ I1IUII...1 ~ "n.... ,-- ..... ""11 -L"" ~ ;~"" i~~'t. ~ '--!I' ...~. '- - ~ ...... ~ """,,- -- ..... '" toll 11 r " "",;;<}. - '9!!J...... i'i" ;>,;;) ,.,. , -- ' ,,~, ,". ,~ "'- I :r. .~;,.~jJ. 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IV.: ,,"', J .))1 ~ - l J . .., u ~~_/ T.&. -- -- --/1 ~ "~ ~ "..... ~.40 ~ll'~ .., ^,"ot'*I::J';l--~ -\.~~""""" /. - ~ '_-'" '"I ~:..tn ~ __~...... 110I.11\--- "7"""Y""~~~ _~, 't- /-1 ... -- } ,~~-'C'~V',,"&~, "."".:t.,;::;~""" ..' ,,: '~i..~_"h',."r'7-.'i.:""R-.,"~e'); \" );/' ' -. .-J .: ." 't.~~l..~..' .. ~.' .~K k "u g, 31 ',,": '''n; rr"'\.-;l"i./ "', 1 - - .- ~'J:' ,,1 - J \, l...t.~'~';:...1.r YM:'. ~A' 'f,......n_.."~....,.'~'__ll.lr.'..I."if I L'" 110111' II., ,,,,, . ......" .r~.....__ 1 < ~~)~ ~.'13-\,~j ",,~~-;,i J~; J;- =.ll. /~ 7iY /;:7!r...-'m~,.. ;\,", H f-.::' ~ ~' If --./ ~:L"F'" 1 "'3'- 27-- ;;J ~,~~~~l(~~j;.!~~f\b~-i.~;~t-:~ ~ < 26 GL~N '~OVE ~h .:~~tl{;f1~JbCZl~ ~~~~~~p~'~ , "... "\" - ,,~r' - - ~"U~~~~~~~.SJq~ .... ' _" Employment Center ~ ~.. ~~ ~~ seal." m,l" long island - ~ 0 a a 4 new york ~ lONG ISLAND REGIONAL PLANNING lOUD , lEG E NO, Number 01 Workers o a a .. long island new york .l . lEG E NO. Number of Workers c=J 50-99 [:::::J 300-399 c=J 100-199 .. 400-499 .. 200-299 ""_" .ll f ~ .--'="1""'.'-----', .;., , '. ......1 'i "", .. - -h I:. ).)'.,' _,/ \ _._ ~/ ~. -~~, . y.!: .. ~ '>L.. ... " lo' -"':J' _. . .. "!r~1 . h-,'jr _\ -;; >ir~'P'~ . . /X.'t:\i':'j" f"';:"; r?, .. ~.~ ... L """-- I ..~.. 'f~;'" -- ,~.. II~]~~~-!; -r_.. _. j-'- ,~-.. -,....;.."7 \-.. \,1 j"'i. ~lJrr",,:, .....J~_...~-...9...i'.. "-\"- "'/_ ,,~~~tf..;:<5')~ .$~&::.:<I":~'is.'.0. /" ~F;'j;'i~.t.:" -:- ii"<'?'::;.~;,'..::..i~,~~.}..:-~T3;::\ "";__ ;t$;;~~?~r.~~ h ::~.~..~~..L':.~~:.sJ~~~"r..}. _".._ ,~.............- ,..\... ....~~l \~1 ~":=7 ...-/ ... --.. y.. I \ ~ $ -:;"i."!;(::i~",~1-. ~: <I ,);3:t~T t."-\ :!~", ,S' ~"'l"~-;S.~f5~T;'.,1 ,:;:;-...V~~.t)~1_J--...~..) ---t....<..~ ~ '... J l__~,. '.,;!:~.':>. \ l-~..;.~' "-L-,'. "~:--'-"',l~'" ~...... . h--~Ll1:'\""~~'~:"''":!..!.."'::-l':''';''')__:... ...._-::..... /~....'if >:.. .."~ ..~~C. -,_,,,,, ~~'S.,_ _'_. J 6-....... 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" ') - 1 c--,'V ~r.l,A~?.." ,,~I...;.t~-\., f..,," N' "..,'.... ~ f'4"~)z.~0'''..n' 'N'g-. \. l~"" . ,r-' ",,, .....- .... ..", :'~ f..."'I.Yj:.: .... .. ..' ~ ,~ . ...... "i .', -:::;t'/'1- - -' i /'\ 7 '- I.. ~ ..~ ~,)'''.;; - P'7' ::::!, 'Ii I ~ 1""\""_1"" .... - ,"'.. ".. ..".. 1'~" .so.!'___ ' 1)1: I .:~ "# I 111 . 11011. 'm "'. _J/I \ \..." fl': ..' . ... ,.j .." .. I I ~ / >--, .." '... .." "... . ~.P, ,(:: Z.J.JJ:. ==,.. -~ / ", 'I: ~ ''''.. .... . '-, .. . , -. ~t' \- \\ . 1t ! c...:\... ...... ftlI"'O~ y -.::;t. ..-t."" I ".,. I< "nIT ~ r:;- '''7' "... ::;11" ~. r., .. ~ _tlJ. _ }' .:Irt. ,~ ' <II>, ".. _7_11-' __ ~ ,-:. ,,,.. '.. , ' . ,.&.... (l{j'I..:. 'fA) ~ c-.... . 0 ~~stee~. [;> C'''C> ",,1M' . ~~?f~~~~ . · Emp/oymenf Cenfe, = ~ se.1e " miles long Island C 0 a a . new york Number 01 Workers CJ 30D-399 ~ 400-499 ,~ LONG ISLAND REGIONAl PLANNING BOARD . lEG E NO. Number of Workers 'CJ 50-99 CJ 100-199 .. 400-499 11II 200- 299 I ~.~.~~ I 500+ ~ ,:'~~~ ,...... , , , , ~., ""... o , :a , f " '00' 9 ;P""" ~~.:!i' ~--- ,,.,.,. II..... Fig. 3.30 29-PORT JEFFERSON AREA "....'....1 .. Employment Center .q " scale in miles long island 0 . . . new york lONG ISlUD REGIONAl PlUNING lOUD ~ """ ,..... 10"." , lEG E NO. A ~~~ ~ Number of Workers Hempstea(j;J;d ",,' I . ~i ~ c=J 50-99 c:::::J 300-399 Harbor I ,;'. ..r'V1. r' " .. - ^. , d """1J:"".::r;. "". '/1-' c=J 100-199 400-499 ~ ! r!j~ ,f '-~T,,:.-r:,::..",,: ~~ :,~ ,-rRII!R 200-~\99 I,~~~:I :O~+n . "... (~ I '~ \":::'1 ' --'" i< -", -;. i """ / 'I /..., '2} \'~ . -.f.~ - Y ~"...JE. ~ ..f.'~r7"." )1' _. "" ' ~. 7-:- - d- _j- I ;....../ '\ ,., ~ r;r . "" ~', ,/" ,. \"\i .: '-( ~, {" '\"".. ".. I'" .. ~_.... J" ~'I~ 1~ I~, }::' J. r..r; ~/ i /,::" 11..11: _~._, . } "'Ill I -":.~ .i;:,";' -;f::1 .. '. - -- j .G 'r--> ~ ""., /' ; II.... 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In mIl.. long Island I--- ~~ ~ [::J 100-199 \\ I)) 0 . a . . new york C < '9=' .. 200-299 ~ 500+ lONG ISLAND REGIONAl PLANNING BOUD _ Smitht l , i ~ I. Fig. 3.33 32 -STONY BROOK Smithtown Bay ,...... , , , , .f!:'" -. Great lIOU'I...) South Bay ~ ~~ , / , . l [ G [ NO. Number of Workers c=J 50-99 c=J 100-199 ~ 100-299 ''',.,' III 500+ \ o r \000 1i' O~<, a r ' . ___...__::.!.:-'fI "'.... .. Employment , / / , f f , , .Ij" ." scale in miles o " .' I...... lONG ISlAND REGIONAl PLANNING lOUD " . Center long island new york Appendix Tables 116 APPENDIX TABLE 1.la Calculation of Income Flows, by Place of Work, 1979 The Nassau County Resident Labor Force Frequency Midpoint x Frequency Income Class Midpoint (1) (2) (3)* (1) (2) (3)* $1-$2,999 or Loss $ 1,500 58,574 7,510 2,602 87,861,000 11,265,000 3,903,000 $3,000-$4,999 4,000 36,575 6,293 1,872 146,300,000 25,172,000 7,488,000 $5,000-$7,999 6,500 48,337 9,963 4,027 314,190,500 64,759,500 26,175,500 $8,000-$9,999 9,000 30,217 7,631 2,537 271,953,000 68,679,000 22,833,000 $10,000-$14,999 12,500 64,149 27,899 6,602 801,862,500 348,737,500 82,525,000 $15,000-$19,999 17,500 42,727 32,742 5,572 747,722,500 572,985,000 97,510,000 $20,000-$24,999 22,500 29,538 36,828 4,280 664,605,000 828,630,000 96,300,000 $25,000-$34,999 30,000 26,666 38,115 3,977 799,980,000 1,143,450,000 119,310,000 $35,000-$49,999 42,500 8,759 17,118 1,521 372,257,500 727,515,000 64,642,500 $50,000 or more 75,000** 8,084 16,720 1,126 606,300,000 1,254,000,000 84,450,000 Aggregate Earnings by Place of Work $4,813,032,000 $5,045,193,000 $605,137,000 Aggregate Earnings of Nassau Households and Unrelated Individuals Age 15 and older, 1979 $12,073,326,627 *(1) Live in Nassau, Work in Nassau (2) Live in Nassau, Work in New York City (3) Live in Nassau, Work in Suffolk Earned in Nassau Earned in New York City Earned in Suffolk Earned Elsewhere $4,813,032,000 (39.9%) 5,045,193,000 (41.8%) 605,137,000 ( 5.0 %) 1,609,964,627 (13.3 %) * * Note: The mid-point of the distribution of Nassau residents earning $50,000 or more was assumed to be $75,000. Source: LIRPB computations based on data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census 118 APPENDIX TABLE 1.1b Calculation of Income Flows, by Place of Work, 1969 The Nassau County Resident Labor Force Frequency Midpoint x Frequency Income Class Midpoint (1) (2) (3)' (1) (2) (3)' $1-$999 or Loss $ 500 27,694 2,409 1,115 13,847,000 1,204,500 557,500 $1,000-$2,999 2,000 45,980 6,426 2,190 91,960,000 12,852,000 4,380,000 $3,000-$4,999 4,000 42,579 7,011 2,079 170,316,000 28,044,000 8,316,000 $5,000-$6,999 6,000 41,755 13,484 2,690 250,530,000 80,904,000 16,140,000 $7,000-$9,999 8,500 49,718 29,593 4,883 422,603,000 251,540,500 41,505,500 $10,000-$14,999 12,500 43,205 53,824 4,921 540,062,500 672,800,000 61,512,500 $15,000-$24,999 20,000 20,542 37,439 2,597 410,840,000 748,780,000 51,940,000 $25,000 + 30,000 ** 8,691 21,552 809 260,730,000 646,560,000 24,270,000 Aggregate Earnings by Place of Work $2,160,888,500 $2,442,685,000 $208,621,500 Aggregate Earnings of Nassau Residents Age 16 and older, 1969 $5,729,509,300 '(1) Live in Nassau, Work in Nassau (2) Live in Nassau, Work in :>Jew York City (3) Live in Nassau, Work in Suffolk Earned in Nassau Earned in New York City Earned in Suffolk Earned Elsewhere $2,160,888,500 (37.7%) 2,442,685,000 (42.6%) 208,621,500( 3.6%) 917,314,300 (16.1 %) ** Note: The mid-point of the distribution of Nassau residents earning $25,000 or more was assumed to be $30,000. Source: L1RPB computations based on data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census 119 APPENDIX TABLE 1.2a Calculation of Income Flows, by Place of Work, 1979 The Suffolk County Resident Labor Force Frequency Midpoint x Frequency Income Class Midpoint (1) (2) (3)' (1) (2) (3)' $1-$2,999 or Loss $ 1,500 54,578 2,608 6,050 81,867,000 3,912,000 9,075,000 $3,000-$4,999 4,000 32,459 1,676 3,871 129,836,000 6,704,000 15,484,000 $5,000-$7,999 6,500 47,250 2,780 6,957 307,125,000 18,070,000 45,220,500 $8,000-$9,999 9,000 29,776 2,515 5,497 267,984,000 22,635,000 49,473,000 $10,000-$14,999 12,500 63,479 8,601 13,902 793,487,500 107,512,500 173,775,000 $15,000-$19,999 17 ,500 43,886 13,314 14,718 768,005,000 232,995,000 257,565,000 $20,000-$24,999 22,500 31,167 16,649 13,750 701,257,500 374,602,500 309,375,000 $25,000-$34,999 30,000 27,258 17,292 12,560 817,740,000 518,760,000 376,800,000 $35,000-$49,999 42,500 8,036 5,934 4,229 341,530,000 252,195,000 179,732,500 $50,000 or more 75,000* * 4,512 3,387 2,116 338,400,000 254,025,000 158,700,000 Aggregate Earnings by Place of Work $4,547,232,000 $1,791,411,000 $1,575,200,000 Aggregate Earnings of Nassau Households and Unrelated Individuals Age 15 and older, 1979 $9,133.615,966 * (1) Live in Suffolk, Work in Suffolk (2) Live in Suffolk, Work in New York City (3) Live in Suffolk, Work in Nassau Earned in Suffolk Earned in New York City Earned in Nassau Earned Elsewhere $4,437,232,000 (49,8 %) 1,791,411,000 (19,6%) 1,575,200,000 (17.2%) 1,219,772,966 (13.4%) ** Note: The mid-point of the distribution of Suffolk residents earning $50,000 or more was assumed to be $75,000. Source: L1RPB computations based on data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census 120 APPENDIX TABLE 1.2b Calculation of Income Flows, by Place of Work, 1969 I The Suffolk County Resident Labor Force . Frequency Midpoint x Frequency Income Class Midpoint (1) (2) (3)* (1) (2) (3)" $1-$999 or Loss $ 500 17,592 568 1,446 8,796,000 284,000 723,000 $1 ,000-$2,999 2,000 33,229 1,764 3,283 66,458,000 3,528,000 6,566,000 $3,000-$4,999 4,000 30,159 1,791 3,900 120,636,000 7,164,000 15,600,000 $5,000-$6,999 6,000 32,946 4,257 6,466 197,676,000 25,542,000 38,796,000 $7,000-$9,999 8,500 41,727 11,823 14,513 354,679,500 100,495,500 123,360,500 $10,000-$14,999 12,500 35,048 23,360 19,034 438,100,000 292,000,000 237,925,000 $15,000-$24,999 20,000 13,421 10,555 7,935 268,420,000 211,100,000 158,700,000 $25,000 + 30,000** 4,028 2,829 1,460 120,840,000 84,870,000 48,800,000 Aggregate Earnings by Place of Work $1,575,605,500 $724,983,500 $625,470,500 Aggregate Earnings of Nassau Residents Age 16 and older, 1969 $3,286,198,000 *(1) Live in Suffolk, Work in Suffolk (2) Live in Suffolk, Work in New York City (3) Live in Suffolk, Work in Nassau Earned in Suffolk Earned in New York City Earned in Nassau Earned Elsewhere $1,575,605,500 (47.9%) 724,983,500 (22.1 %) 625,470,500 (19.0%) 360,138,500 (11.1 %) * * Note: The mid-point of the distribution of Nassau residents earning $25,000 or more was assumed to be $30,000. Source: L1RPB computations based on data from the U.S. Bureau of the Census 121 1970 Worked in Worked in Worked in Worked in Worked in Occupation Nassau Suffolk N.Y.C. Manhattan Queens Professional & Technical 17.7% 25.2% 21.1% 23.4% 18.6% Managers & Administrators except Farm 8.6 13.7 21.7 24.5 16.3 Sales 10.2 9.4 11.7 14.4 8.0 Clerical 26.0 16.2 15.9 18.4 15.2 Craftsmen 10.5 14.1 14.3 10.0 20.2 Operatives, except Transport 7.5 9.6 3.8 2.4 5.0 Transpt. Equipment Operatives 2.7 2.7 2.9 1.1 4.2 Laborers, except Farm 3.8 3.0 1.7 0.8 3.2 Farm Workers 0.1 0.2 Service Workers 12.9 5.9 6.9 5.0 9.3 Totai (%) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total (#) 295,339 22,076 173,682 91,898 47,337 I . ~ . I I APPENDIX TABLE 1.3a Place of Work of Nassau Residents, by Occupation 1970 and 1980 (Percents) 1980 Worked in Worked in Worked in Worked in Worked in Occupation Nassau Suffolk N.Y.C. Manhattan Queens Executive, Administrative 10.1% 15.1% 22.9% 28.1% 15.3% Professional Specialty 14.6 18.3 16.1 14.2 17.3 Technicians 2.2 3.1 2.6 2.8 2.5 Sales 13.5 9.9 12.4 14.2 9.6 Administrative Support 24.4 21.1 17.8 20.6 16.9 Service Occupations 13.7 6.1 7.6 5.3 10.2 Farming, Forestry Note: Census occupational categories for 1970 and 1980 Fishing Occupations 1.2 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.4 are not strictly comparable. Precision Products 9.2 12.0 12.5 9.1 17.2 Operatives, Laborers 11.1 13.7 7.9 5.6 10.6 j Source: lIRPB computations based on data from the Total (%) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 U.S. Bureau of the Census. Total (#) 365,378 34,782 203,834 110,252 58,693 I 122 , APPENDIX TABLE 1.3b Place of Work of Suffolk Residents, by Occupation 1970 and 1980 (Percents) Occupation Worked in Worked in Suffolk Nassau I ~ Executive, Administrative Professional Specialty Technicians Sales Administrative Support Service Occupations Farming, Forestry Fishing Occupations Precision Products Operatives, Laborers Total (%) Total (It) 1970 Worked in Worked in Worked in Worked in Worked in Occupation Suffolk Nassau N.Y.C. Manhattan Queens Professional & Technical 17.7% 23.9% 17.2% 20.8% 15.0% Managers & Administrators except Farm 7.8 12.4 15.7 19.6 11.9 Sales 8.7 6.2 7.7 11.0 4.5 Clerical 19.1 14.8 14.6 18.6 12.7 Craftsmen 13.1 19.6 20.4 14.0 27.3 Operatives, except Transport 9.6 10.0 4.7 2.9 6.1 Transpt. Equipment Operatives 3.5 4.1 5.0 2.0 7.2 Laborers, except Farm 4.4 3.0 3.0 1.3 4.3 Farm Workers 0.8 0.1 0.1 Service Workers 15.3 5.9 11.6 9.8 11.0 Total (%) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total (It) 229,368 59,989 57,500 27,095 18,677 1980 Worked in Worked in Worked in N.Y.C. Manhattan Queens 9.2% 14.8% 19.3% 24.4% 13.7% 15.0 15.9 11.0 13.0 8.1 2.9 3.8 3.3 3.6 3.6 11.5 10.2 9.5 11.9 6.9 19.2 17.0 15.9 19.0 13.6 14.5 8.8 11.5 8.4 12.9 1.6 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.6 Note: Census occupational categcries for 1970 and 1980 12.0 16.0 16.7 11.9 23.5 are not strictly comparable. 14.1 12.8 12.5 7.7 17.1 Source: llRPB computations based on data from the 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 u.s. Bureau of the Census. 355,177 85,067 75,758 35,688 24,137 123 1970 , Worked in Worked in Worked in Worked in Worked in , Occupation Nassau Suffolk N.Y.C. Manhattan Queens Construction 4.6% 8.4% 5.0% 3.8% 6.0% Manufacturing 17.7 31.9 22.3 24.3 16.9 Transportation, Communications, P.U. 5.7 3.7 15.4 10.7 25.0 Wholesale & Retail Trade 25.7 21.0 17.5 17.0 17.2 APPENDIX TABLE 1.4a Finance, Insurance, Real Estate 6.5 4.3 11.0 16.4 4.7 Place of Work of Nassau Residents, Business & by Industry of Employment Repair Services 4.3 4.4 5.0 6.6 3.6 1970 and 1980 Personal Services 4.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.7 (Percents) Professional & Related Services 22.7 21.1 13.8 12.4 15.0 Public Administration 6.1 2.7 7.3 5.9 8.6 All Other Industries * 2.3 1.1 1.3 1.6 1.3 Total (%) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total (#) 295,339 22,076 173,682 91,898 47,337 1980 Worked in Worked in Worked in Worked in Worked in Occupation Nassau Suffolk N.Y.C. Manhattan Queens Construction 3.7% 5.6% 4.4% 3.8% 5.2% Manufacturing 14.2 28.6 16.3 19.0 11.5 Transportation, Communications, P.U. 6.3 5.5 17.5 12.4 27.9 Wholesale & Retail Trade 25.9 20.2 16.0 15.7 15.8 Finance, Insurance, Real Estate 8.0 10.1 12.1 18.5 4.1 Business & Repair Services 6.0 4.8 5.7 7.7 3.4 Personal Services 5.2 1.6 2.2 2.4 2.3 Professional & Related * Includes agriculture, forestry, fisheries and mining Services 25.2 20.4 18.9 14.7 22.4 Public Administration 4.6 2.5 6.6 5.6 7.1 Source: L1APS computations based on data from the All Other Industries * 0.9 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.3 u.s. Bureau of the Census Total (%) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 ~ Total (#) 365,378 34,782 203,834 110,252 58,693 124 1970 Worked in Worked in Worked in Worked in Worked in Occupation Suffolk Nassau N.Y.C. Manhattan Queens Construction 6.8% 7.3% 7.0% 5.4% 7.2% Manufacturing 17.8 43.0 18.7 20.6 14.8 Transportation, Communications, P.U. 5.7 6.2 23.4 13.7 40.3 APPENDIX TABLE 1.4b Wholesale & Retail Trade 23.2 17.2 12.1 12.4 11.4 Finance, Insurance, Place of Work of Suffolk Residents, Real Estate 4.1 4.5 10.8 19.3 2.3 by Industry of Employment Business & 1970 and 1980 Repair Services 3.4 4.8 5.0 6.8 3.0 (Percents) Personal Services 3.1 1.5 0.9 0.7 1.0 Professional & Related Services 28.0 11.1 9.5 10.0 7.6 Public Administration 5.2 3.1 11.4 9.8 11.2 All Other Industries * 2.7 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 Total (%) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total (#) 229,368 59,989 57,500 27,095 18,677 1980 Worked in Worked in Worked in Worked in Worked in Occupation Suffolk Nassau N.Y.C. Manhattan Queens Construction 4.9% 5.3% 5.4% 4.8% 6.5% Manufacturing 17.5 30.0 14.0 16.9 10.8 Transportation, Communications, P.U. 6.3 8.4 25.6 16.1 42.3 Wholesale & Retail Trade 22.1 20.5 13.3 12.3 12.1 Finance, Insurance, Real Estate 5.6 7.4 11.5 19.1 2.7 Business & Repai r Services 5.2 6.1 5.7 7.9 3.4 Personal Services 3.3 3.1 2.3 27 1.7 Professional & Related Services 27.4 15.2 11.5 11.9 9.1 Public Administration 6.0 3.4 10.4 8.0 11.0 "Includes agriculture, forestry, fisheries and mining All Other Industries * 1.7 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.4 Source: L1RPB computations based on data from the Total (%) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 u.s. Bureau of the Census Total (#) 355,177 85,067 75,758 35,688 24,137 125 APPENDIX TABLE 1.5 3. By Industry of Employment A Profile of Reverse Commuters from New York City to Nassau-Suffolk by Earnings, Occupation and Industry of Employment 1970 and 1980 (Percents) 1980 Industry Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries Mining Construction Manufacturing Transportation, Communications, Public Utilities Wholesale Trade Retail Trade Finance Insurance, Real Estate Business & Repair Services Personal Services Entertainment & Recreational Svcs. Professional & Related Services Public Administration Total (%) Total (%) 2. By Occupation"" 1. By Earnings Place of Work Place of Work 1980 Occupation Nassau Suffolk 1979 Earnings Nassau Suffolk Executive, Administrative 11.9% 14.2% $1-$2,999 or loss 10.2% 8.7% Professional Specialty 15.2 20.1 $3,000-$4,999 7.5 3.7 Technicians 2.9 3.0 $5,000-$7,999 13.0 8.5 Sales 11.5 7.4 $8,000-$9,999 9.4 6.1 Administrative Support 18.6 10.5 $10,000-$14,999 22.2 24.7 Service Occupations 12.8 6.9 $15,000-$19,999 17.0 20.6 Farming, Forestry, $20,000-$24,999 9.5 11.9 Fishing Occupations 0.8 0.9 $25,000-$34,999 7.3 11.5 Precision Products 11.6 13.1 $35,000-$49,999 2.2 2.8 Operatives, Laborers 14.7 23.9 $50,000 or more 1.7 1.5 Total (%) 100.0 100.0 Total (%) 100.0 100.0 Total (If) 56,326 7,849 Total (If) 54,281 " 7,651" Place of Work 1970 Occupation Nassau Suffolk Professional & Place of Work Technical 21.6% 23.3% 1969 Earnings Nassau Suffolk Managers Administrators, except Farm 9.4 9.8 $1-$999 or loss 5.1% 4.1% Sales 9.8 6.5 $1,000-$2,999 10.2 7.9 Clerical 17.3 13.1 $3,000-$4,999 13.0 10.3 Craftsmen 14.0 18.5 $5,000-$6,999 17.6 16.8 Operatives, except $7,000-$9,999 25.8 27.7 Transport 10.8 12.8 $10,000-$14,999 19.9 24.3 Transport Equipment $15,000-$24,999 6.8 7.4 Operatives 3.4 4.5 $25,000 or more 1.6 1.5 Laborers, except Farm 3.4 4.2 Total (%) 100.0 100.0 Farm Workers Totai (If) 61,714 11,503 Service Workers 10.3 7.3 Total (%) 100.0 100.0 * Excludes those with no earnings Total (If) 61,714 11,503 ** Note: Census occupational categories for 1970 and 1980 are not strictly comparable. 1970 Industry Construction Manufacturing Transportation, Communications, P.U. Wholesale & Retail Trade Finance, Insurance, Real Estate Business & Repai r Services Personal Services Professional & Related Services Public Administration All Other Industries Total (%) Total (If) Source: L1RPB computations based on data from the U.S. Bureau of Census 126 Place of Work Nassau Suffolk 0.6% 0.8% 0.0 0.0 3.9 4.7 19.2 38.7 ~ I 1 I 5.6 5.5 7.3 8.8 18.7 12.4 9.4 5.4 6.5 3.4 4.3 0.8 2.1 1.3 20.4 15.5 2.0 2.7 100.0 100.0 56,326 7,849 1 ~ j Place of Work Nassau Suffolk 5.7% 7.6% 25.4 36.9 3.8 28.0 4.8 21.1 5.7 4.9 5.4 2.3 4.1 2.2 16.9 I j 1 17.4 2.3 1.9 100.0 61,714 2.2 1.4 100.0 11,503 APPENDIX TABLE 2.1a Destinations of Nassau-Suffolk Residents Employed in Manhattan, Queens and Brooklyn, 1980 by Town of Origin Town of Origin' North Oyster East Smith. Shelter South. South. Zone of Destination Hempstead Hempstead Bay Babylon Brookhaven Hampton Huntington Islip Riverhead town Island hampton hold I Manhattan Below Canal 81. 4.717 1,600 1.747 764 640 16 525 834 0 352 0 81 18 I Canal to 14th S1. 3,106 1,031 1,085 351 249 17 421 438 12 167 0 83 21 I 14th to 34th St. 9,933 2,986 3,316 965 766 20 1,433 1,039 11 472 12 73 0 ~ 34th to 59th S1. 32,358 11,558 12,112 3,384 2.708 67 5,179 3,285 0 1.799 21 470 35 Above 59th S1. 14,282 5,604 4,882 1,695 1,529 114 2,238 2,116 26 845 4 248 4 - - - - - Total 64,396 22.779 23,142 7,159 5,892 234 9.796 7.712 49 3,635 37 955 78 Queens ~ Bayside. Little Neck 921 581 357 147 94 0 154 120 0 66 0 0 11 Queens Village- Glen Oaks 1,835 1,001 532 212 145 0 149 181 0 78 0 19 18 Flushing 2,589 1,370 1,047 455 397 0 408 454 0 313 0 3 0 Laurelton- Springfield Gardens 1,998 348 422 300 177 13 173 255 0 29 0 0 0 Kennedy Airport- Rockaway Penn insula 9,036 1.285 2,477 1,628 1,074 0 960 1,803 0 470 0 11 0 LaGuardia Airport- Long Island City 5,548 1,472 2,054 909 898 11 805 1,105 0 428 0 15 0 Wood haven- Richmond Hill 4,001 829 1,153 535 563 0 456 762 28 265 0 15 6 Jamaica-Hollis- S1. Albans 2,596 759 751 687 499 17 246 735 0 101 0 0 0 Forest Hills- Kew Gardens 3,437 1,305 1970 266 304 13 336 479 17 200 4 28 0 Jackson Heights- Elmhurst-Corona 2,942 1.082 952 317 371 0 375 356 0 140 0 18 0 Maspeth- Middle Village 1.794 678 669 348 311 0 256 366 0 203 0 0 13 - - - - - Total 36,697 10.710 11,384 5,804 4,833 54 4,318 6,616 45 2,293 4 109 48 Brooklyn Flatbush- Canarsie 4,940 913 1,061 534 322 13 348 606 0 197 0 44 32 Downtown Brooklyn 10,520 2,570 2,664 1,774 1,439 0 1,389 2,191 42 567 12 42 0 Bay Rldge- Borough Par~ 4,262 688 -tl69 484 379 0 372 578 0 187 0 58 31 - - Total 19.722 4,171 4,594 2,792 2,140 13 2,109 3,375 42 951 12 144 63 GRAND TOTAL 120,815 37,660 39,120 15.755 12,865 301 16,223 17,703 136 6,879 53 1,208 189 1 Zip code allocations crossed town boundaries 128 I ~ APPENDIX TABLE 2.1b Destinations of Nassau-Suffolk Residents I Employed in Manhattan, Queens and Brooklyn, 1970 I by Town of Origin ~ Town of Origin 1 North Oyster East Smith. Shelter South. South. Zone of Deatlnetlon Hempsteed Hempstead Bay Babylon Brookhaven Hampton Huntington Islip Riverhead town Island hampton hold Manhattan Below Canal SI. 14,339 4,520 4,932 1,992 936 8 2,250 1,858 0 735 0 43 28 Canal to 14th SI. 4,169 1,262 1,328 585 430 0 311 465 7 217 0 46 7 14th to 34th SI. 11,688 3,879 3,367 1,094 554 14 1,221 1,065 0 591 0 24 12 34th to 59th SI. 26,639 10,130 9,217 2,674 1,534 100 4,589 2,390 21 1,273 0 160 80 Above 59th SI. 4,239 1,382 1,481 574 419 33 571 675 13 209 0 43 16 - - Total 61,074 21,173 20,325 6,919 3,873 155 8,942 6,453 41 3,025 0 316 143 Queens Bayside- Little Neck 405 384 240 24 74 0 210 43 0 64 0 0 0 Queens Village- Glen Oaks 1,051 530 326. 88 132 0 169 50 0 82 0 0 0 Flushing 1,555 943 888 258 183 0 323 193 0 130 0 16 0 Laurelton- Springfield Gardens 1,181 94 286 121 19 0 30 177 0 36 0 35 0 Kennedy Alrport- Rockaway Penninsula 9,512 1,030 2,845 2,251 1,018 22 1,064 2,656 7 582 0 14 33 LaGuardia Airport- Long Island City 5,735 2,152 1,926 706 553 12 1,027 866 12 512 0 87 11 Wood haven- ~ Richmond Hill 2,126 525 507 295 165 0 180 136 0 153 0 0 0 Jamaica-Hollis- SI. Albans 3,457 557 683 347 309 5 230 446 0 135 0 7 6 Forest Hills- I Kew Gardens 3,290 1,260 931 236 338 8 407 212 7 218 0 33 0 , Jackson Heights- Elmhurst-Corona 2,618 968 844 294 195 8 268 412 0 238 0 25 0 Maspeth- Middle Village 2,183 821 803 374 256 0 263 436 0 136 0 16 0 - - - Total 33,113 9,264 10,279 4,994 3,242 55 4,171 5,627 26 2,286 0 233 50 I Brooklyn Flatbush- Canarsie 4,017 562 691 359 241 0 297 528 7 342 0 7 0 Downtown Brooklyn 12,474 2,963 3,162 1,829 1,144 30 1,077 1,695 0 533 0 36 14 Bay Ridge- Borough Park 3,668 257 656 299 149 0 206 376 6 87 0 13 0 ~ - - - - - Total 20,159 3,782 4,509 2,487 1,534 30 1,580 2,599 13 962 0 56 14 GRAND TOTAL 114,346 34,219 35,113 14,400 8,649 240 14,693 14,679 80 6,273 0 605 207 , Zip code allocations crossed town boundaries 129 i APPENDIX TABLE 2,2a ~ Mode of Travel of Nassau.Suffolk Residents Employed in Manhattan, Queens and Brooklyn, 1980 by Town of Origin (No. of Trips) I ~ Town of Origin North i Hempstead Hempstead Oyster Bay Huntington Babylon Smlthtown Isllp Brookhaven Zone of Destination Auto Rail Auto Rail Auto Rail Auto Rail Auto Rail Auto Rail Auto Rail Auto Rail 1 Manhattan Below Canal St. 2,191 1,825 768 588 781 956 222 298 307 450 133 207 431. 403 440 194 Canal to 14th St. 1,404 1,297 513 353 475 581 217 204 186 165 68 99 178 243 140 77 14th to 34th St. 2,496 6,657 777 1,891 712 2,509 319 1,095 270 684 172 290 266 738 256 463 34th to 59th St. 6,943 21,689 3,239 6,898 2,747 8,952 1,088 4,013 695 2,550 489 1,298 969 2,239 975 1,536 Above 59th St. 4,260 8,429 1,999 2,955 1,509 3,236 637 1,571 535 1,106 260 567 813 1,258 595 790 - - - Total 17,294 39,897 7,296 12,685 6,224 16,234 2,483 7,181 1,993 4,955 1,122 2,461 2,657 4,881 2,406 3,060 Queens Bayslde- Little Neck 859 0 554 0 354 0 146 8 147 0 66 0 113 7 84 10 Queens Village- Glen Oaks 1,767 0 931 0 532 0 149 0 212 0 78 0 181 0 145 0 Flushing 2,412 67 1,306 32 1,026 21 397 11 421 21 289 24 417 27 386 6 Laurelton- Springfield Gardens 1,953 33 338 0 422 0 162 11 288 12 29 0 255 0 177 0 Kennedy Airport- ~ Rockaway Penninsula 8,846 61 1,281 0 2,449 0 940 20 1,580 48 455 15 1,774 19 1,000 52 LaGuardia Airport- ~ Long Island City 4,681 595 1,356 42 1,722 308 698 107 730 179 337 91 863 229 740 146 I Woodhaven. Richmond Hill 3,890 20 776 14 1,094 27 427 14 483 44 241 24 686 76 524 33 Jamaica-Hollis. St. Albans 1,742 632 572 85 483 268 108 138 260 427 49 52 365 370 181 311 Forest Hills- Kew Gardens 2,976 161 1,194 40 914 56 324 12 185 81 200 0 442 37 208 96 l Jackson Heights- Elmhurst-Corona 2,664 169 1,030 25 916 26 369 6 229 88 113 27 321 35 354 17 Maspeth- Middle Village 1,672 76 636 11 642 27 243 13 310 38 193 10 356 10 291 20 - - - - - Total 33,462 1,814 9,974 249 10,554 733 3,963 340 4,845 938 2,050 243 5.773 810 4,090 691 Brooklyn Flatbush. Canarsie 4,588 222 785 68 1,009 52 222 121 393 141 197 0 542 64 271 51 Downtown Brooklyn 7,084 2,183 1,927 380 1,845 790 598 761 924 827 404 163 1,496 666 1,021 380 Bay Ridge- Borough Park 3,696 435 535 120 653 216 228 144 304 140 177 10 375 184 291 77 - - - - - - - - Total 15,368 3,4 70 3,247 568 3,507 1,058 1,048 1,026 1,621 1,108 778 173 2,413 914 1,583 508 GRAND TOTAL 66,124 45,181 20,517 13,502 20,285 18,025 7,494 8,547 8,459 7,001 3,950 2,877 10,843 6,605 8,079 4,259 130 APPENDIX TABLE 2.2b Mode of Travel of Nassau.Suffolk Residents Employed in Manhattan, Queens and Brooklyn, 1970 by Town of Origin (No, of Trips) Town 01 Origin North Hempatead Hempatead Oyster Bay Huntington Babylon Smlthtown Islip Brookhaven Zona 01 Daatlnatlon Auto Rail Auto Rail Auto Rail Auto Rail Auto Rail Auto Rail Auto Rail Auto Rail Manhattan Below Canal SI. 2,879 8.949 991 2.758 1.010 3.597 433 1,780 452 1.473 230 435 480 1.302 242 593 Canal to 14th SI. 1.789 1,747 569 495 483 815 117 194 253 289 89 121 194 250 161 261 14th to 34th SI. 2,342 8,23'1 1,050 2,341 898 2.379 244 949 234 820 175 402 366 682 225 293 34th to 59th SI. 5,619 16.566 2,563 5.500 2.528 6.048 1,112 3.296 736 1,840 403 826 505 1.762 662 798 Above 59th SI. 2,145 1.436 700 477 848 506 334 188 232 295 162 34 347 278 308 105 - - - - - - Total 14,774 36,929 5,873 11,571 5,767 13.345 2,240 6.407 1,907 4.717 1,059 1,818 1,892 4,274 1,598 2,050 Quaena Bayside- Little Neck 388 0 377 18 240 0 210 0 24 0 53 11 43 0 74 0 Queens Village- Glen Oaks 1,013 7 480 0 326 0 152 0 81 7 82 0 50 0 95 6 Flushing 1.430 13 877 39 857 21 317 0 252 6 115 15 193 0 141 42 Laurelton- Springfield Gardens 1,127 0 94 0 286 0 30 0 115 6 36 0 177 0 13 0 Kennedy Airport- Rockaway Penn insula 9,269 69 1,010 13 2,717 73 1,026 31 2,241 10 582 0 2,543 12 984 27 LaGuardia Airport- Long Island City 4.446 680 1,966 92 1,550 325 826 181 514 184 437 75 595 237 398 130 Woodhaven- Richmond Hill 1,900 152 478 40 435 56 137 43 271 17 136 17 90 46 114 51 Jamaica-Hollis- St. Albans 2,838 260 483 17 651 32 215 9 298 39 116 19 343 89 255 49 Forest Hills- Kew Gardens 2.408 334 1,109 15 690 201 365 29 189 41 174 44 205 7 271 61 Jackson Heights- Elmhurst-Corona 2.439 79 866 47 768 56 241 27 208 60 216 22 347 58 137 44 Maspeth- Middle Village 1.989 92 794 0 748 30 259 0 293 81 136 0 382 54 230 26 - - - - Total 29.247 1,686 8.494 281 9,268 794 3,778 320 4.486 451 2,083 203 4,968 503 2,712 436 Brooklyn Flatbush- Canarsie 3,704 230 515 33 556 123 253 44 269 90 334 0 404 112 163 54 Downtown Brooklyn 8,866 2,649 2,295 418 2,071 1.039 657 420 1,098 667 301 232 1,131 559 738 352 Bay Ridge- I Borough Park 3.123 367 188 49 480 176 120 53 238 61 50 37 281 87 136 13 - - - - - I Total 15,693 3,246 2,998 500 3,107 1,338 1,030 517 1.605 818 685 269 1,816 758 1,037 419 f GRAND TOTAL 59,714 41,861 17,365 12,352 18,142 15.4 77 7,048 7.244 7,998 5,986 3,827 2.290 8,676 5.535 5,347 2,905 131 APPENDIX TABLE 2.3a Origins of Manhattan, Queens & Brooklyn Residents Employed in Nassau-Suffolk, 1980 by Town of Destination Town of Oeatlnatlon North Oyster East Smith- South- South- Zone of Origin Hempstead Hempstead Bay Babylon Brookhaven Hampton Huntington Islip Riverhead town hampton hold Manhattan Below Canal SI. 78 14 21 0 0 0 43 24 0 0 0 0 Canal to 14th SI. 192 233 65 20 79 78 70 0 0 17 28 0 14th to 34th St. 142 197 82 0 28 14 96 19 0 6 10 0 34th to 59th SI. 202 189 131 0 0 0 50 0 0 0 0 0 Above 59th St. 832 732 378 72 53 24 195 60 0 0 60 0 - - - - - Total 1,446 1,365 677 92 160 116 454 103 0 23 98 0 Queens Bayside- Little Neck 576 1.734 435 13 30 0 230 26 0 16 0 0 Queens Village- Glen Oaks 3.085 5,952 973 204 38 0 360 61 0 48 0 0 Flushing 1,568 2.697 617 123 35 0 157 197 0 42 0 0 Laurelton- Springfield Gardens 3.673 1,187 529 245 24 0 110 48 53 87 0 0 Kennedy Airport- Rockaway Penn insula 2,811 211 136 12 15 0 40 41 0 0 0 0 LaGuardia Airport- Long Island City 452 541 346 81 0 0 93 18 21 36 0 0 Wood haven- Richmond Hill 1,687 974 695 65 39 0 51 150 0 52 0 0 Jamaica-Hollis. SI. Albans 1,563 878 478 148 11 0 55 77 0 0 0 0 Forest Hills- Kew Gardens 1,708 1.726' 666 135 69 0 197 58 0 12 0 0 Jackson Heights- Elmhurst-Corona 1.727 1,635 785 231 39 0 325 68 0 41 0 0 Maspeth- Middle Village 599 522 378 70 20 0 77 13 0 35 0 0 - - - - Total 19,449 18.057 6,038 1,327 320 0 1.695 757 74 369 0 0 Brooklyn Flatbush- Canarsie 1,469 474 639 199 29 0 106 58 0 0 0 0 Downtow" Brooklyn 1,003 473 412 121 71 0 90 44 0 87 19 0 Bay Ridge- Borough Park 1.199 694 645 208 19 0 114 143 0 71 15 0 I - 3.671 3,641 1,641 1,696 528 119 0 310 245 0 158 34 (j I GRAND TOTAL 24.566 21,063 8,411 1,947 599 116 2,459 1.105 74 550 132 0 I 132 1 APPENDIX TABLE 2.3b ~ Origins of Manhattan, Queens & Brooklyn Residents Employed in Nassau-Sutfolk, 1970 by Town of Destination Town of Destination North Oyster East Smith. South- South. Zone 01 Origin Hempstead Hempstead Bay Babylon Brookhaven Hampton Huntington Isllp Rlverhead town hampton hold Manhattan Below Canal S1. 113 24 18 23 0 0 33 0 0 0 0 0 Canal to 14th S1. 383 142 73 45 40 6 18 2 15 11 0 0 , 14th to 34th S1. 224 121 67 38 30 0 12 0 5 8 5 0 34th to 59th S1. 93 61 69 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 , Above 59th S1. 1,266 555 468 212 44 2 164 45 0 70 25 0 - - - - - - - - - r Total 2,079 903 695 325 114 8 227 47 20 89 30 0 Queens Bayslde- Little Neck 1,038 1,420 604 79 0 0 65 54 0 36 12 0 I Queens Village- , , Glen Oaks 2,987 3,512' 1,404 169 43 0 208 80 0 62 13 0 Flushing 2,000 1,894 993 375 16 0 173 157 0 40 0 0 Laurelton- Springfield Gardens 2,971 621 625 132 13 0 63 54 0 7 0 0 J Kennedy Airport- Rockaway Penninsula 2,792 371 415 124 6 0 34 38 0 0 0 0 LaGuardia Airport- Long Island City 703 403 256 356 20 0 112 35 0 41 37 0 Woodhaven- Richmond Hill 1,711 898 622 202 7 0 72 91 0 44 0 0 Jamaica-Hollis- S1. Albans 2,382 1,079 865 191 38 0 77 46 0 14 0 0 Forest Hills- Kew Gardens 2,061 1,397 891 331 47 0 165 112 0 100 7 0 Jackson Heights- Elmhurst-Corona 1,998 1,175 1,039 352 49 0 115 48 0 17 8 0 Maspeth- Middle Village 918 424 434 322 31 0 81 68 0 36 0 0 - - - - Total 21,561 13,194 8,148 2,633 270 0 1,165 783 0 397 77 0 Brooklyn Flatbush- Canarsie 1,531 590 452 266 16 7 84 81 0 31 17 0 Downtown Brooklyn 1,772 986 764 390 18 0 101 121 0 28 5 0 Bay Ridge- t Borough Park 2,317 886 803 416 46 15 229 139 0 88 32 0 - - 5,620 5,620 2,462 2,019 1,072 80 22 414 341 0 147 54 0 I GRAND TOTAL 29,260 16,559 10,862 4,030 464 30 1,806 1,171 20 633 161 0 ~ 133 APPENDIX TABLE 2.4a Mode of Travel of Manhattan, Queens & Brooklyn Residents Employed in Nassau-Suffolk, 1980 ~ by Selected Towns of Destination (No. of Trips) , Town of Destination , Hempstead North Hempstead Oyster Bay Babylon Huntington Zone of Origin Auto Bus/Subway Rail Auto Bus/Subway Rail Auto Bus/Subway Rail Auto Bus/Subway Rail Auto Bus/Subway Rail I Manhattan Below Canal SI. 60 0 0 14 0 0 9 12 0 0 0 0 43 0 0 ~ Canal to 14th St. 120 12 35 115 15 45 42 0 12 12 0 8 28 0 13 14th to 34th St. 97 0 29 127 15 31 43 14 14 0 0 0 31 30 12 ~ 34th to 59th S1. 136 0 34 108 40 25 62 0 69 0 0 0 9 17 24 Above 59th S1. 619 99 100 487 109 111 296 19 39 34 9 29 189 0 6 - - - - - Total 1,032 111 198 851 179 212 452 45 134 46 9 37 300 47 55 I Queens I Bayside- , Little Neck 576 0 0 1,457 123 41 412 4 19 13 0 0 230 0 0 Queens Viliage- Glen Oaks 2,572 299 31 5,107 511 21 881 64 0 204 0 0 346 14 0 I I Flushing 1,457 57 41 2,310 253 115 593 0 24- 104 11 0 157 0 0 ~ Laurelton- Springfield Gardens 2,845 522 77 1,091 83 13 494 0 35 223 11 11 99 11 0 Kennedy Airport- Rockaway Penninsula 1,794 903 0 170 17 0 106 30 0 12 0 0 40 0 0 ~ LaGuardia Airport- Long Island City 398 24 11 414 66 35 346 0 0 26 41 14 79 0 14 Wood haven- Richmond Hili 1,468 149 55 887 78 0 672 13 10 65 0 0 25 0 26 Jamaica-Holiis- S1. Albans 900 587 38 546 306 16 415 0 63 133 0 15 27 7 21 Forest Hilis- Kew Gardens 1,349 304 36 1,491 224 0 631 21 14 110 15 10 176 21 0 Jackson Heights- Elmhurst-Corona 1,481 129 70 1,301 163 158 759 0 26 222 9 0 269 25 17 Maspeth- Middle Viliage 577 11 0 512 10 0 378 0 0 70 0 0 69 0 0 - - - - Total 15,417 2,985 359 15,286 1,834 399 5,687 132 191 1,182 87 50 1,517 78 78 Brooklyn Flatbush- Canarsie 1,219 100 138 363 69 23 539 65 35 190 9 0 106 0 0 I Downtown Brooklyn 592 202 186 243 139 58 332 28 33 81 29 0 61 29 0 Bay Ridge- I Borough Park 1,090 12 80 577 14 91 572 14 59 185 0 23 100 14 0 - t Total 2,901 314 404 1,183 222 172 1,443 107 127 456 38 23 267 43 0 GRAND TOTAL 19,350 3,410 961 17,320 2,235 783 7,582 284 452 1,684 134 110 2,084 168 133 ~ 134 ~ ~ APPENDIX TABLE 2.4b Mode of Travel of Manhattan, Queens & Brooklyn Residents Employed in Nassau-Suffolk, 1970 by Selected Towns of Destination , (No. of Trips) , Town of Destination Hempstead North Hempstead Oyster Bay Babylon Zone of Origin Auto Bus/Subway Rail Auto Bus/Subway Rail Auto Bus/Subway Rail Auto Bus/Subway Rail Manhattan r Below Canal St. 53 24 14 13 6 5 18 0 0 0 23 0 Canal to 14th St. 164 122 83 112 13 17 46 12 15 8 30 0 14th to 34th St. 177 14 33 79 27 15 28 20 19 26 12 0 34th to 59th St. 47 21 21 54 0 7 30 5 34 0 7 0 Above 59th St. 843 213 202 356 142 57 342 67 44 77 126 9 -- - - Total 1,284 394 353 614 188 101 464 104 112 111 198 9 Queens Bayside- Little Neck 960 61 5 1,213 107 52 576 16 12 73 6 0 Queens Village- Glen Oaks 2,684 174 0 3,123 239 0 1,286 73 0 134 20 0 Flushing 1,878 74 31 1,586 168 104' 945 20 13 276 87 0 Laurelton- Springfield Gardens 2,410 323 57 525 96 0 520 89 6 123 9 0 Kennedy Airport- Rockaway Penn insula 2,036 660 32 306 43 9 318 90 0 103 0 6 LaGuardia Airport- Long Island City 508 134 43 319 45 34 238 12 6 175 131 0 Woodhaven- Richmond Hill 1,458 183 46 690 129 33 529 67 20 153 20 29 Jamaica-Hollis- St. Albans 1,617 657 80 802 258 19 684 147 34 152 24 0 Forest Hills- Kew Gardens 1,692 257 85 1,184 165 34 789 66 36 265 46 8 Jackson Heights- Elmhurst-Corona 1,617 181 133 942 150 72 898 82 31 227 104 21 Maspeth- Middle Village 712 135 36 350 24 16 434 0 0 206 56 13 - -- - - - Total 17,572 2,839 548 11,040 1,424 373 7,217 662 158 1,887 503 77 Brooklyn Flatbush- Canarsie 1,138 283 49 447 85 75 371 41 27 204 44 5 Downtown Brooklyn 828 660 187 479 295 231 549 156 59 175 199 0 Bay Ridge- Borough Park ~ 284 74 768 30 30 670 91 36 335 81 0 -- - Total 3,878 1,227 310 1,694 410 336 1,590 288 122 714 324 5 GRAND TOTAL 22,734 4,460 1,211 13,348 2,022 810 9,271 1,054 392 2,712 1,025 91 ~ 135 , APPENDIX TABLE 3.1 Persons Working In Employment Centers By Industry of Employment-1980 Retail & Personal Finance-Business Public Transportatlon- All Worker. Industrial Services Professional Administration Public Utllltle. Construction All Other J Rank Community Number Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 1 Garden City Area 36,119 5,825 16.1 9,589 26.5 14,132 39.1 2,375 6.6 2,158 6.0 614 1.7 1,426 3.9 2 Hicksville- Jericho 33,549 8,946 26.7 7,643 22.8 8,966 26.7 550 1.6 5,211 15.5 1,628 4.9 605 1.8 , 3 Melville 30,515 11,859 38.9 2,811 9.2 12,840 42.1 738 2.4 1.433 4.7 484 1.6 350 1.1 4 Farmingdale Area 29,294 16.485 56.3 3.430 11.7 5,655 19.3 285 1.0 1,819 6.2 1,187 4.1 433 1.5 5 Lake Success- N.H.P, Area 21,857 7,557 34.6 3,554 16.3 8,050 36.8 578 2.6 980 4.5 745 3.4 393 1.8 6 8yosset- Woodbury 22,330 7,064 31.6 3,646 16.3 9,053 40.5 508 2.3 766 3.4 662 3.0 631 2.8 7 Hauppauge 23.430 11,087 47.3 1,729 7.4 5,283 22.5 3,181 13.6 1,022 4.4 913 3.9 215 .9 ~ 8 Westbury Area 19,191 5,947 31.0 4,353 22.7 5,576 29.1 965 5.0 893 4.7 801 4.2 656 3.4 9 Bethpage 20,209 14,330 70.9 1,167 5.8 3,243 16.0 296 1.5 818 4.0 249 1.2 106 .5 10 Brentwood- Central Islip 20,640 3,231 15.7 3,074 14.9 10,794 52.3 1,053 5.1 1.405 6.8 691 3.3 392 1.9 11 Bay Shore Area 20.453 5,382 26.3 5,056 24.7 6,296 30.8 1,028 5.0 1,244 6.1 923 4.5 524 2.6 12 Huntington Area 20,120 3,066 15.2 5,626 28.0 8,632 42.9 634 3.2 917 4.6 768 3.8 477 2.4 13 Mineola 17.656 2,818 16.0 2,055 11.6 7.401 41.9 3,322 18.8 1,076 6.1 751 4.3 233 1.3 14 Five Towns 13,635 1.481 10.9 4,666 34.2 4,697 34.4 590 4.3 1,281 9.4 466 3.4 454 3.3 15 Great Neck Area 12,938 1,919 14.8 2,684 20.7 6.496 50.2 170 1.3 761 5.9 502 3.9 406 3.1 16 Valley Stream Area 13,040 1.723 13.2 3,940 30.2 5,093 39.1 467 3.6 710 5.4 964 7.4 143 1.1 17 Plainview 14,847 6,049 40.7 2,856 19.2 4,764 32.1 258 1.7 364 2.5 379 2.6 177 1.2 18 Hempstead 14,307 1,664 11.6 2,853 19.9 5.483 38.3 1,696 11.9 1,709 11.9 449 3.1 453 3.2 19 Amityville Area 14,625 4,578 31.3 2,170 14.8 5,586 38.2 436 3.0 1,082 7.4 634 4.3 139 1.0 20 Babylon Area 14,650 2,761 18.8 4,108 28.0 4,968 33.9 742 5.1 1,183 8.1 597 4.1 291 2.0 21 Bohemia- Ronkonkoma 14,097 5,911 41.9 1,473 10.4 3,952 28.0 553 3.9 1,148 8.1 808 5.7 252 1.8 22 Patchogue Area 13,544 2,097 15.5 3,107 22.9 4,985 36.8 1,152 8.5 1,345 9.9 583 4.3 275 2.0 23 Freeport 12,521 3,604 28.8 2,330 18.6 3.821 30.5 699 5.6 882 7.0 841 6.7 344 2.7 24 Manhasset Area 10,110 505 5.0 2.741 27.1 5,338 52.8 529 b.L 277 2.7 466 4.6 254 2.5 25 Deer Park 11,955 6,007 50.2 1.489 12.5 2,513 21.0 224 1.9 965 8.1 608 5.1 149 1.2 26 Glen Cove 11,344 4,382 38.6 1,537 13.5 4,111 36.2 249 2.2 311 2.7 461 4.1 293 2.6 27 East Meadow Area 11,018 401 3.6 2,457 22.2 6,185 56.1 813 7.4 572 5.2 234 2.1 356 3.2 28 Rockville Centre 10,115 1,192 11.8 2,234 22.1 5,574 55.1 291 2.9 402 4.0 222 2.2 200 2.0 29 Port Jefferson Area 10,564 1,013 9.6 2,167 20.5 5,247 49.7 346 3.3 1,197 11.3 416 3.9 178 1.7 30 Oceanside 9,754 1,610 16.5 2,613 26.8 4,004 41.0 222 2.3 769 7.9 346 3.5 190 1.9 31 Port Washington Area 9,204 1,603 17.4 2,019 21.9 3,734 40.6 246 2.7 610 6.6 569 6.2 423 4.6 32 Stony Brook 9,899 197 2.0 1,448 14.6 7,071 71.4 565 5.7 147 1.5 222 2.2 249 2.5 137 APPENDIX TABLE 3.2 1980 Census- Workers 16 Years and Over Who Did Not Work At Home By Travel Time to Work Travel , Travel Travel Travel Travel Traval Time Mean Total Time Time Time Time Time 80 or More Travel , Municipality Workers 0-10 Mln % 10-19 Mln % 20.29 Mln % 30.44 Mln % 45-59 M In % Minutes % Time I Albertson 2,668 246 9.22 870 32.61 527 19.75 438 16.42 108 4.05 479 17.95 29 Amagansett 728 235 32.28 204 28.02 124 17.03 101 13.87 15 2.06 49 6.73 20 Amityville 3,770 829 21.99 726 19.26 587 15.57 685 18.17 232 6.15 711 18.86 31 Aquebogue 490 92 18.78 202 41.22 112 22.86 57 11.63 15 3.06 12 2.45 18 Asharoken 284 9 3.17 22 7.75 44 15.49 81 28.52 21 7.39 107 37.68 46 Atlantic Beach 774 62 8.01 82 10.59 109 14.08 154 19.90 92 11.89 275 35.53 42 Atlantic Beach Un inc. 997 13 1.30 193 19.36 170 17.05 157 15.75 124 12.44 340 34.10 43 Babylon 5,754 812 14.11 1,455 25.29 1,055 18.34 709 12.32 479 8.32 1,244 21.62 33 Baldwin 14,578 1,276 8.75 3,274 22.46 2,351 16.13 2,673 18.34 1,220 8.37 3,784 25.96 35 l Baxter Estates 414 87 21.01 99 23.91 39 9.42 48 11.59 36 8.70 105 25.36 31 Bay Park 1,129 96 8.50 338 29.94 194 17.18 175 15.50 177 15.68 149 13.20 29 Bay Shore 4,268 566 13.26 1,437 33.67 788 18.46 663 15.53 142 3.33 672 15.75 29 Bayport 4,112 582 14.15 1,233 29.99 781 18.99 680 16.54 220 5.35 616 14.98 29 Bayville 3,186 378 11.86 698 21.91 464 14.56 766 24.04 379 11.90 501 15.73 33 Bayville Uninc. 199 59 29.65 26 13.07 33 16.58 30 15.08 9 4.52 42 21.11 30 Belle Terre 318 34 10.69 113 35.53 51 16.04 63 19.81 24 7.55 33 10.38 26 Bellerose 506 39 7.71 90 17.79 81 16.01 91 17.98 26 5.14 179 35.38 39 Bellerose Terrace 903 99 10.96 186 20.60 196 21.71 90 9.97 72 7.97 260 28.79 37 Bellmore 8,155 823 10.09 1,778 21.80 1,603 19.66 1,467 17.99 614 7.53 1,870 22.93 34 Bellport 1,220 159 13.03 303 24.84 290 23.77 150 12.30 70 5.74 248 20.33 32 Bethpage 7,992 857 10.72 2,651 33.17 1,433 17.93 1,202 15.04 513 6.42 1,336 16.72 29 Blue Point 1,749 258 14.75 571 32.65 292 16.70 369 21.10 106 6.06 153 8.75 25 Bohemia 3,794 749 19.74 918 24.20 736 19.40 579 15.26 300 7.91 512 13.49 27 Brentwood 18,248 2,090 11.45 6,045 33.13 2,911 15.95 2,807 15.38 1,056 5.79 3,339 18.30 30 Bridgehampton 741 198 26.72 267 36.03 163 22.00 68 9.18 13 1.75 32 4.32 18 Brightwaters 1,548 309 19.96 462 29.84 292 18.86 81 5.23 117 7.56 287 18.54 30 Brookhaven 1,127 157 13.93 377 33.45 177 15.71 225 19.96 48 4.26 143 12.69 27 Brookville 1,402 300 21.40 493 35.16 172 12.27 119 8.49 93 6.63 225 16.05 25 Calverton-Roanoke 1,808 403 22.29 807 44.63 258 14.27 229 12.67 47 ~60 64 3.54 18 Carle Place 2,647 415 15.68 837 31.62 503 19.00 305 11.52 126 4.76 461 17.42 27 Cedarhurst 2,717 451 16.60 563 20.72 425 15.64 447 16.45 231 8.50 600 22.08 32 Center Moriches 2,189 357 16.31 637 29.10 439 20.05 368 16.81 157 7.17 231 10.55 25 Centereach 11,445 815 7.12 2,868 25.06 2,245 19.62 2,056 17.96 980 8.56 2,481 21.68 35 Centerport 3,158 451 14.28 ,743 23.53 495 15.67 605 19.16 211 6.68 653 20.68 34 Central Islip 7,877 795 10.09 2,120 26.91 1,554 19.73 1,445 18.34 545 6.92 1,418 18.00 31 Centre Island 137 12 8.76 4 2.92 17 12.41 35 25.55 .00 69 50.36 52 Cold Spring Harbor 2,385 289 12.12 611 25.62 335 14.05 480 20.13 132 5.53 538 22.56 34 Com mack 16,490 1,394 8.45 4,342 26.33 3,227 19.57 2,861 17.35 1,335 8.10 3,331 20.20 34 Copiague 9,051 1,246 13.77 2,378 26.27 1,726 19.07 1,429 15.79 723 7.99 .1,549 17.11 30 Coram 9,835 729 7.41 2,131 21.67 2,117 21.53 1,595 16.22 795 8.08 2,468 25.09 36 138 f APPENDIX TABLE 3.2 (Conl'd.) Travel Travel Travel Travel Travel Travel Time Mean Tolal Time Time Time Time Time 60 or More Travel Munlclpallly Workers 0-10 Mln % 10-19 Mln % 20-29 Mln % 30-44 Mln % 45.59 Mln % Minutes % Time , Cove Neck 159 29 18.24 19 11.95 35 22.01 38 23.90 .00 38 23.90 33 Cutchogue-New Suffolk 1,046 218 20.84 292 27.92 214 20.46 144 13.77 93 8.89 85 8.13 23 Deer Park 13,403 1,451 10.83 3,705 27.64 2,706 20.19 1,931 14.41 977 7.29 2,633 19.64 32 Dering Harbor .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 r Dix Hills 10,894 591 5.43 3,183 29.22 2,044 18.76 1,696 15.57 767 7.04 2,613 23.99 36 East Farmingdale 2,330 444 19.06 726 31.16 397 17.04 373 16.01 73 3.13 317 13.61 25 East Garden City 1,213 395 32.56 364 30.01 124 10.22 187 15.42 50 4.12 93 7.67 20 East Hampton 728 293 40.25 250 34.34 57 7.83 32 4.40 38 5.22 58 7.97 18 East Hills 3,026 133 4.40 722 23.86 420 13.88 457 15.10 329 10.87 965 31.89 38 East Islip 5,713 661 11.57 1,546 27.06 1,066 18.66 1,153 20.18 418 7.32 869 15.21 30 r East Massapequa 6,447 590 9.15 1,347 20.89 843 13.08 1,264 19.61 540 8.38 1,863 28.90 39 East Meadow 18,858 1,514 8.03 5,259 27.89 3,779 20.04 3,229 17.12 1,167 6.19 3,910 20.73 33 East Moriches-Eastport 1,715 283 16.50 510 29.74 350 20.41 384 22.39 50 2.92 138 8.05 24 r East Northpor! 8,851 973 10.99 2,003 22.63 1,593 18.00 1,793 20.26 657 7.42 1,832 20.70 35 East Norwich 1,354 250 18.46 352 26.00 298 22.01 88 6.50 71 5.24 295 21.79 30 East Patchogue 7,451 1,006 13.50 2,493 33.46 1,227 16.47 1,140 15.30 546 7.33 1,039 13.94 28 East Quogue 1,301 181 13.91 362 27.82 339 26.06 103 7.92 113 8.69 203 15.60 30 r East Rockaway 5,104 677 13.26 971 19.02 648 12.70 1,004 19.67 560 10.97 1,244 24.37 34 East Shoreham 1,527 290 18.99 353 23.12 411 26.92 224 14.67 138 9.04 111 7.27 24 East Wi II iston 1,148 154 13.41 344 29.97 129 11.24 141 12.28 127 11.06 253 22.04 32 Eatons Neck 652 8 1.23 47 7.21 99 15.18 167 25.61 69 10.58 262 40.18 51 Elmont 12,711 1,245 9.79 2,785 21.91 2,048 16.11 2,745 21.60 797 6.27 3,091 24.32 35 ~ Elwood 5,113 615 12.03 1,073 20.99 1,015 19.85 901 17.62 451 8.82 1,058 20.69 34 Farmingdale 3,812 512 13.43 1,426 37.41 628 16.47 492 12.91 173 4.54 581 15.24 27 Farmingville 4,763 299 6.28 1,204 25.28 801 16.82 895 18.79 392 8.23 1,172 24.61 36 Fire Island 91 56 61.54 18 19.78 12 13.19 5 5.49 .00 .00 9 Fishers Island 148 135 91.22 13 8.78 .00 .00 .00 .00 5 Floral Park 7,226 760 10.52 1,682 23.28 1,118 15.47 1,245 17.23 665 9.20 1,756 24.30 34 Flower Hill 1,937 160 8.26 351 18.12 150 7.74 297 15.33 204 10.53 775 40.01 43 Fort Salonga 4,308 419 9.73 864 20.06 470 10.91 1,000 23.21 337 7.82 1,218 28,27 40 Franklin Square 12,989 1,186 9.13 3,401 26.18 2,428 18.69 2,246 17.29 1,036 7.98 2,692 20.73 33 F reepor! 16,577 2,021 12.19 4,350 26.24 2,926 17.65 3,107 18.74 1,069 6.45 3,104 18.72 31 Garden City 9,350 1,484 15.87 2,130 22.78 1,144 12.24 1,147 12.27 575 6.15 2,870 30.70 35 Garden City Park 3,643 554 15.21 983 26.98 538 14.77 517 14.19 318 8.73 733 20.12 31 Garden City South 1,893 235 12.41 460 24.30 321 16.96 437 23.09 101 5.34 339 17,91 31 Gilgo-Oak Beach- Captree 164 11 6.71 14 8.54 44 26.83 56 34.15 20 12.20 19 11.59 34 l Glen Cove 12,073 2,789 23.10 3,370 27.91 1,737 14.39 1,852 15.34 588 4.87 1,737 14.39 26 Glen Head 2,043 379 18.55 613 30.00 263 12.87 395 19.33 121 5.92 272 13.31 27 Glenwood Landing 1,655 187 11.30 472 28.52 310 18.73 264 15.95 124 7.49 298 18.01 30 , 139 APPENDIX TABLE 3.2 (Conl'd.) Travel Travel Travel Travel Travel Travel Time Mean Total Time Time Time Time Time 60 or More Travel Municipality Workers 0-10 Mln % 10.19 Min % 20.29 Min % 30.44 Min % 45.59 Min % Minutes % Time Gordon Heights 468 50 10.68 68 14.53 129 27.56 172 36.75 .00 49 10.47 29 Great Neck 4,261 747 17.53 822 19.29 503 11.80 697 16.36 401 9.41 1,091 25.60 34 Great Neck Estates 1,275 121 9.49 202 15.84 60 4.71 159 12.47 266 20.86 467 36.63 42 Great Neck Plaza 2,933 261 8.90 855 29.15 332 11.32 627 21.38 324 11.05 534 18.21 31 Great Neck Uninc. 3,315 317 9.56 781 23.56 403 12.16 634 19.13 262 7.90 918 27.69 35 Great River 741 56 7.56 278 37.52 95 12.82 157 21.19 67 9.04 88 11.88 29 Greenlawn 5,518 369 6.69 1,596 28.92 996 18.05 1,002 18.16 412 7.47 1,143 20.71 34 Greenport 757 339 44.78 205 27.08 50 6.61 106 14.00 28 3.70 29 3.83 16 Greenport West 587 197 33.56 212 36.12 50 8.52 72 12.27 28 4.77 28 4.77 17 Greenvale 401 64 15.96 20 4.99 124 30.92 62 15.46 14 3.49 117 29.18 38 Hampton Bays 2,339 398 17:02 714 30.53 480 20.52 366 15.65 94 4.02 287 12.27 26 Hampton Park 703 202 28.73 265 37.70 164 23.33 58 8.25 14 1.99 0 .00 14 Hauppauge 8,661 980 11.32 2,384 27.53 1,543 17.82 1,881 21.72 596 6.88 1,277 14.74 30 Head of the Harbor 452 31 6.86 142 31.42 82 18.14 71 15.71 41 9.07 85 18.81 32 Hempstead 18,345 1,740 9.48 5,283 28.80 3,559 19.40 3,280 17.88 1,162 6.33 3,321 18.10 31 Herricks 3,880 341 8.79 1,053 27.14 526 13.56 724 18.66 256 6.60 980 25.26 34 Hewlett 3,284 340 10.35 1,036 31.55 208 6.33 520 15.83 358 10.90 822 25.03 34 I 1 Hewlett Bay Park 194 13 6.70 36 18.56 20 10.31 22 11.34 67 34.54 36 18.56 37 Hewlett Harbor 662 43 6.50 128 19.34 68 10.27 129 19.49 65 9.82 229 34.59 40 Hewlett Neck 164 13 7.93 29 17.68 10 6.10 29 17.68 27 16.46 56 34.15 39 Hicksville 21,791 2,999 13.76 6,762 31.03 3,724 17.09 3,123 14.33 1,437 6.59 3,746 17.19 29 Holbrook 9,263 787 8.50 1,949 21.04 1,313 14.17 1,925 20.78 861 9.30 2,428 26.21 38 , Holtsville 5,258 395 7.51 1,483 28.20 872 16.58 922 17.54 449 8.54 1,137 21.62 34 ~ Huntington 9,671 1,586 16.40 2,204 22.79 1,601 16.55 1,929 19.95 502 5.19 1,849 19.12 32 Huntington Bay 636 96 15.09 133 20.91 37 5.82 122 19.18 46 7.23 202 31.76 42 Huntington Station 13,280 1,888 14.22 4,004 30.15 2,521 18.98 2,338 17.61 758 5.71 1,771 13.34 28 I Inwood 3,231 719 22.25 1,015 31.41 392 12.13 666 20.61 109 3.37 330 10.21 23 Island Park 1,856 366 19.72 290 15.63 259 13.95 356 19.18 152 8.19 433 23.33 33 Island Park Uninc. 1,773 282 15.91 346 19.51 135 7.61 324 18.27 126 7.11 560 31.58 37 Islip 5,461 641 11.74 1,670 30.58 987 18.07 1,091 19.98 265 4.85 807 14.78 29 Islip Terrace 2,298 177 7.70 726 31.59 390 16.97 410 17.84 178 7.75 417 18.15 32 Jamesport 575 32 5.57 295 5130 164 28.52 28 4.87 46 8.00 10 1.74 19 Jericho 6,337 671 10.59 1,680 26.51 900 14.20 859 13.56 439 6.93 1,788 28.22 36 Kensington 498 21 4.22 39 7.83 31 6.22 134 26.91 66 13.25 207 41.57 45 Kings Park 7,028 1,030 14.66 1,535 21.84 1,353 19.25 1,283 18.26 371 5.28 1,456 20.72 33 ~ Kings Point 1,962 435 22.17 233 11.88 245 12.49 278 14.17 238 12.13 533 27.17 34 Lake Grove 3,701 434 11.73 989 26.72 498 13.46 738 19.94 257 6.94 785 21.21 34 I Lake Ronkonkoma 14,822 1,085 7.32 4,028 27.18 2,397 16.17 2,929 19.76 1,484 10.01 2,899 19.56 33 I Lake Success 1,291 85 6.58 254 19.67 133 10.30 305 23.63 223 17.27 291 22.54 35 i Lakeview 2,352 67 2.85 493 20.96 521 22.15 585 24.87 319 13.56 367 15.60 33 140 l APPENDIX TABLE 3.2 (Cont'd.) Traval Travel Travel Travel Travel Travel Tlma Mean Total Time Time Time Time Time 60 or Mora Travel I Municipality Workers 0.10 Min % 10.19 Min % 20.29 Min % 30.44 Mln % 45.59 Min % Minutes % Time I Lattingtown 732 88 1202 90 12.30 166 22.68 168 22.95 42 5.74 178 24.32 37 r Laurel 333 28 8.41 163 48.95 80 24.02 26 7.81 24 7.21 12 3.60 21 Laurel Hollow 594 28 4.71 109 18.35 133 22.39 118 19.87 26 4.38 180 30.30 39 , Lawrence 2,355 199 8.45 484 20.55 73 3.10 459 19.49 295 12.53 845 35.88 40 , Levittown 26,767 2,019 7.54 7,450 27.83 18.60 ~ 5,710 21.33 4,979 1,962 7.33 4,647 17.36 31 Lido.Point Lookout 2,139 181 8.46 365 17.06 317 1482 294 13.74 172 8.04 810 37.87 43 Lindenhurst 11,518 1,820 15.80 3,090 26.83 1,790 15.54 1,974 17.14 710 6.16 2,134 18.53 30 Lloyd Harbor 1,361 117 8.60 255 18.74 177 13.01 361 26.52 96 7.05 355 26.08 40 Locust Grove 4,712 696 14.77 1,297 27.53 650 13.79 603 12.80 235 4.99 1,231 26.12 34 , Locust Valley 1,780 478 26.85 460 25.84 212 11.91 307 17.25 60 3.37 263 14.78 26 Long Beach 13,713 1,518 11.07 2,797 20.40 1,533 11.18 2,704 19.72 1,225 8.93 3,936 28.70 38 Lynbrook 9,468 1,151 12.16 2,457 25.95 1,250 13.20 1,549 16.36 831 8.78 2,230 23.55 33 Malverne 4,170 419 10.05 955 22.90 515 12.35 682 16.35 361 8.66 1,238 29.69 37 Malverne Uninc. 586 58 9.90 124 21.16 52 8.87 78 13.31 71 12.12 203 34.64 38 Manhasset 3,685 599 16.26 758 20.57 425 11.53 593 1609 294 7.98 1,016 27.57 34 Manorhaven 2,698 481 17.83 810 30.02 377 13.97 495 18.35 180 6.67 355 13.16 26 Manorville 2,675 271 10.13 628 23.48 542 20.26 429 16.04 277 10.36 528 19.74 33 Massapequa 11,121 1,042 9.37 2,493 22.42 2,117 19.04 2,136 19.21 682 6.13 2,651 23.84 35 Massapequa Park 9,009 690 7.66 2,074 23.02 1,456 16.16 1,824 20.25 811 9.00 2,154 23.91 36 Mastic 3,239 310 9.57 509 15.71 544 16.80 774 23.90 441 13.62 661 20.41 36 Mastic Beach 2,423 327 13.50 314 12.96 430 17.75 562 23.19 254 10.48 536 22.12 35 Matinecock 343 74 21.57 72 20.99 25 7.29 26 7.58 6 1.75 140 40.82 40 Mattituck 1,674 540 32.26 307 18.34 287 17.14 312 18.64 63 3.76 165 9.86 23 Medford 7,234 508 7.02 1,701 23.51 1,253 17.32 1,321 18.26 709 9.80 1,742 24.08 36 Melville 3,352 308 9.19 1,001 29.86 573 17.09 407 12.14 165 4.92 898 26.79 36 Merrick 11,217 1,055 9.41 2,449 21.83 2,129 18.98 1,708 15.23 761 6.78 3,115 27.77 36 Middle Island 2,091 140 6.70 475 22.72 387 18.51 403 19.27 165 7.89 521 24.92 38 , Mill Neck 396 56 14.14 73 18.43 48 12.12 73 18.43 48 12.12 98 24.75 38 I Miller Place 3,198 281 8.79 768 24.02 730 22.83 685 21.42 267 8.35 467 14.60 31 Mineola 10,785 1,621 15.03 3,436 31.86 1,817 16.85 1,604 14.87 592 5.49 1,715 15.90 28 Montauk 1,182 666 56.35 280 23.69 111 9.39 37 3.13 22 1.86 66 5.58 13 Mount Sinai 2,312 221 9.56 531 22.97 311 13.45 330 14.27 161 6.96 758 32.79 41 Munsey Park 1,262 161 12.76 218 17.27 149 11.81 143 11.33 112 8.87 479 37.96 38 I Muttontown 1,111 96 8.64 250 22.50 148 13.32 139 12.51 89 8.01 389 35.01 41 , Napeague-Hither Hills 63 41 65.08 11 17.46 .00 00 .00 11 17.46 15 Nesconset 3,870 377 9.74 876' 22.64 646 16.69 770 19.90 279 7.21 922 23.82 36 New Cassel 4,451 531 11.93 1,663 37.36 859 19.30 539 12.11 246 5.53 613 13.77 27 New Hyde Park 4,435 467 10.53 1,294 29.18 654 14.75 693 15.63 330 7.44 997 22.48 33 Nissequogue 610 107 17.54 145 23.77 166 27.21 64 10.49 71 11.64 57 9.34 26 North Amityville 5,444 602 11.06 1,899 34.88 1,213 22.28 781 14.35 363 6.67 586 10.76 26 141 APPENDIX TABLE 3.2 (Cont'd.) Travel Travel Travel Travel Travel Travel Time Mean Total Time Time Time Time Time 60 or More Travel Municipality Workers 0.10 Mln % 10-19 Min % 20-29 Mln % 30.44 Min % 45-59 Mln % Minutes % Time North Babylon 8,455 772 913 2,285 27.03 1,486 17.58 1,500 17.74 590 6.98 1,822 21.55 34 North Bay Shore 14,672 1,770 12.06 4,581 31.22 2,751 18.75 2,453 16.72 1,082 7.37 2,035 13.87 28 ~ North Bellmore 10,123 934 9.23 2,290 22.62 1,991 19.67 1,826 18.04 581 5.74 2,501 24.71 35 , North Bellport 2,346 318 13.55 434 18.50 400 17.05 571 24.34 145 6.18 478 20.38 34 North Great River 4,368 297 6.80 1,411 32.30 724 16.58 882 20.19 272 6.23 782 17.90 32 North Haven 277 79 28.52 58 20.94 73 26.35 16 5.78 7 2.53 44 15.88 28 1 North Hills 826 49 5.93 158 19.13 146 17.68 181 21.91 89 10.77 203 24.58 35 North Lindenhurst 4,823 579 12.00 1,517 31.45 857 17 .77 848 17.58 376 7.80 646 13.39 28 North Massapequa 10,165 691 6.80 2,849 28.03 2,066 20.32 1,678 16.51 734 7.22 2,147 21.12 33 North Merrick 5,953 398 6.69 1,679 28.20 1,327 22.29 797 13.39 434 7.29 1,318 22.14 33 North New Hyde Park 6,372 655 10.28 1,502 23.57 1,022 16.04 1,036 16.26 477 7.49 1,680 26.37 35 1 North Patchogue 2,839 431 15.18 837 29.48 546 19.23 403 14.20 202 7.12 420 14.79 28 North Sea 420 87 20.71 189 45.00 60 14.29 50 11.90 00 34 8.10 22 North Valley Stream 6,927 583 8.42 1,773 25.60 1,111 16.04 1,068 15.42 761 10.99 1,631 23.55 35 North Wantagh 6,070 429 7.07 1,581 26.05 1,419 23.38 985 16.23 267 4.40 1,389 22.88 34 Northport 3,509 472 13.45 764 21.77 570 16.24 773 22.03 248 7.07 682 19.44 33 Northville 1,122 313 27.90 455 40.55 167 14.88 153 13.64 17 1.52 17 1.52 16 Northwest Harbor 1,018 415 40.77 303 29.76 107 10.51 69 6.78 68 6.68 56 5.50 17 Noyack 1,123 195 17.36 503 44.79 71 6.32 118 10.51 104 9.26 132 11.75 25 Oakdale 3,514 194 5.52 886 25.21 806 22.94 782 22.25 342 9.73 504 14.34 32 Ocean Beach 60 35 58.33 3 5.00 9 15.00 7 11.67 3 5.00 3 5.00 18 Oceanside 15,485 2,080 13.43 3,523 22.75 1,708 11.03 2,702 17.45 1,455 9.40 4,017 25.94 34 Old Bethpage 3,067 335 10.92 961 31.33 404 13.17 374 12.19 181 5.90 812 26.48 35 Old Brookville 635 79 12.44 119 18.74 136 21.42 123 19.37 52 8.19 126 19.84 33 Old Field 290 14 4.83 102 35.17 47 16.21 61 21.03 4 1.38 62 21.38 33 Old Westbury 1,227 223 18.17 368 29.99 235 19.15 146 11.90 80 6.52 175 14.26 25 Old Westbury Uninc. 23 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 23 100.00 72 Orient-East Marlon 464 97 20.91 183 39.44 68 14.66 39 8.41 37 7.97 40 8.62 22 Oyster Bay 2,923 611 20.90 758 25.93 450 15.40 533 18.23 108 3.69 463 15.84 29 1 Oyster Bay Cove 657 75 11.42 118 17.96 80 12.18 116 17.66 43 6.54 225 34.25 41 Patchogue 4,674 888 19.00 1,437 30.74 663 14.18 925 19.79 219 4.69 542 11.60 25 Peconic 226 31 13.72 61 26.99 55 24.34 9 3.98 17 7.52 53 23.45 31 Plainedge 4,455 463 10.39 1,235 27.72 876 19.66 798 17.91 291 6.53 792 17.78 31 Plainview 13,640 1,833 13.44 3,716 27.24 1,994 14.62 1,920 14.08 973 7.13 3,204 23.49 33 Plan dome 602 80 13.29 122 20.27 36 5.98 82 13.62 96 15.95 186 30.90 37 I Plandome Heights 371 37 9.97 63 16.98 33 8.89 45 12.13 28 7.55 165 44.47 43 t Plan dome Manor 340 4 118 91 26.76 38 11.18 21 6.18 46 13.53 140 41.18 41 Poospatuck Indian Reservation 21 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 21 100.00 80 Poquott 240 36 15.00 71 29.58 6 2.50 60 25.00 27 11.25 40 16.67 31 142 APPENDIX TABLE 3.2 (Conl'd.) Traval Travel Travel Travel Travell Travel Time Maan Total Time Time Time Time Time 80 or More Travel Municipality Workers 0-10 Mln % 10-19 Min % 20.29 Mln % 30.44 Mln % 45-59 Mln % Minute. % Tlma Port Jefferson 3,007 762 25.34 904 30.06 475 15.80 473 15.73 204 6.78 189 6.29 22 Port Jefferson Station 6,569 798 12.15 1,739 26.47 828 12.60 1,144 17.42 535 8.14 1,525 23.22 34 Port Washington 6,264 1,144 18.26 1,419 22.65 854 13.63 725 11.57 431 6.88 1,691 27.00 33 Port Washington North 1,461 224 15.33 267 18.28 159 10.88 215 14.72 121 8.28 475 32.51 36 Port Washington- NE & NW 811 203 25.03 191 23.55 81 9.99 119 14.67 65 8.01 152 18.74 29 Quiogue 249 116 46.59 44 17.67 .00 47 18.88 16 6.43 26 10.44 20 Quogue 403 84 20.84 123 30.52 81 20.10 32 7.94 25 6.20 58 14.39 27 Remsenburg-Speonk 693 115 16.59 210 30.30 111 16.02 126 18.18 25 3.61 106 15.30 27 Ridge 2,579 253 9.81 638 24.7 4 469 18.19 451 17.49 384 14.89 384 14.89 32 Riverhead 2,717 1,012 37.25 874 32.17 357 13.14 317 11.67 96 3.53 61 2.25 16 Riverside-Flanders 1,669 254 15.22 685 41.04 344 20.61 208 12.46 92 5.51 86 5.15 20 Rockville Centre 11,356 1,443 12.71 2,669 23.50 1,870 16.47 1,613 14.20 745 6.56 3,016 26.56 33 Rocky Point 2,201 338 15.36 499 22.67 437 19.85 417 18.95 226 10.27 284 12.90 28 Roosevelt 5,659 465 8.22 1,359 24.01 1,441 25.46 850 15.02 520 9.19 1,024 18.10 32 Roslyn 1,077 114 10.58 332 30.83 218 20.24 134 12.44 56 5.20 223 20.71 29 Roslyn Estates 577 56 9.71 164 28.42 90 15.60 92 15.94 54 9.36 121 20.97 32 Roslyn Harbor 520 28 5.38 73 14.04 127 24.42 79 15.19 54 10.38 159 30.58 39 Roslyn Heights 2,625 386 14.70 771 29.37 392 14.93 326 12.42 156 5.94 594 22.63 31 Russell Gardens 666 92 13.81 94 14.11 92 13.81 120 18.02 100 15.02 168 25.23 36 Saddle Rock 427 58 13.58 44 10.30 14 3.28 82 19.20 118 27.63 111 26.00 39 Sag Harbor 1,097 393 35.82 279 25.43 155 14.13 37 3.37 121 11.03 112 10.21 23 Saltaire .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 Sands Point 1,147 119 10.37 169 14.73 96 8.37 145 12.64 156 13.60 462 40.28 43 Sayville 4,964 870 17.53 1,290 25.99 926 18.65 759 15.29 364 7.33 755 15.21 29 ~ Sea Cliff 2,790 349 12.51 760 27.24 343 12.29 746 26.74 236 8.46 356 12.76 29 . Seaford 7,086 564 7.96 1,423 20.08 1,252 17.67 1,271 17.94 596 8.41 1,980 27.94 38 I Searingtown 2,240 215 9.60 517 2308 330 14.73 253 11.29 211 9.42 714 31.88 37 Selden 6,263 614 9.80 1,712 27.34 964 15.39 1,073 17.13 478 7.63 1,422 22.70 34 ! Setauket-East Setauket 4,011 544 13.56 1,306 32.56 560 13.96 731 18.22 281 7.01 589 14.68 29 Shelter Is. Heights 285 111 38.95 46 16.14 5 1.75 69 24.21 4 1.40 50 17.54 25 Shelter Island 384 210 54.69 66 17.19 21 5.47 39 10.16 9 2.34 39 10.16 18 Shinnecock Indian Reservation .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 .00 t Shinnecock Hills 754 301 39.92 179' 23.74 67 8.89 90 11.94 54 7.16 63 8.36 21 Shirley 6,043 610 10.09 1,207 19.97 1,014 16.78 1,297 21.46 651 10.77 1,264 20.92 36 Shoreham 221 33 14.93 55 24.89 47 21.27 54 24.43 10 4.52 22 9.95 28 Smithtown 13,170 1,224 9.29 3,875 29.42 2,360 17.92 2,575 19.55 882 6.70 2,254 17.11 31 Sound Beach 2,938 279 9.50 865 29.44 582 19.81 569 19.37 184 6.26 459 15.62 30 South Farmingdale 7,538 809 10.73 2,446 32.45 1,238 16.42 1,281 16.99 372 4.93 1,392 18.47 30 143 APPENDIX TABLE 3.2 (Cont'd.) Trevel Trevel Trevel Trevel Trevel Trevel Time Meen Totel Time Time Time Time Time 80 or More Trevel I Munlclpellty Workers 0.10 Mln % 10.19 Min % 20.29 Mln % 30.44 Min % 45.59 Mln % Minute. % Time ! South Floral Park 701 24 3.42 167 23.82 93 13.27 149 21.26 74 10.56 194 27.67 38 I South Hempstead 1,471 178 12.10 490 33.31 221 15.02 133 9.04 103 7.00 346 23.52 32 South Huntington 7,187 903 12.56 2,197 30.57 1,342 18.67 1,096 15.25 379 5.27 1,270 17.67 30 I South Valley Stream 2,541 233 9.17 496 19.52 220 8.66 696 27.39 301 11.85 595 23.42 35 I South Westbury 5,045 367 7.27 1,766 35.00 697 13.82 687 13.62 353 7.00 1,175 23.29 32 ~ Southampton 1,914 813 42.48 654 34.17 252 13.17 108 5.64 15 .78 72 3.76 15 Southold 1,553 440 28.33 496 31.94 152 9.79 241 15.52 74 4.76 150 9.66 23 Springs 1,185 184 15.53 384 32.41 214 18.06 182 15.36 14 1.18 207 17.47 28 SI. James 5,022 488 9.72 1,549 30.84 768 15.29 932 18.56 328 6.53 957 19.06 32 Stewart Manor 1,009 76 7.53 298 29.53 134 13.28 150 14.87 102 10.11 249 24.68 34 i Stony Brook 7,024 1,053 14.99 2,199 31.31 1,039 14.79 1,055 15.02 573 8.16 1,105 15.73 29 ~ Syosset 4,522 816 18.05 1,060 23.44 679 15.02 557 12.32 177 3.91 1,233 27.27 34 Thomaston 1,502 214 14.25 278 18.51 243 16.18 258 17.18 208 13.85 301 20.04 32 Tuckahoe 520 17 3.27 231 44.42 147 28.27 42 8.08 00 83 15.96 25 Uniondale 8,881 785 8.84 2,884 32.47 1,611 18.14 1,444 16.26 488 5.49 1,669 18.79 31 Upper Brookville 496 20 4.03 134 27.02 62 12.50 109 21.98 21 4.23 150 30.24 38 I Valley Stream 16,075 1,582 9.84 4,001 24.89 2,733 17.00 2,881 17.92 1,418 8.82 3,460 21.52 32 , Village of the Branch 771 70 9.08 268 34.76 117 15.18 128 16.60 58 7.52 130 16.86 31 I Wading River 1,479 245 16.57 444 30.02 202 13.66 259 17.51 83 5.61 246 16.63 29 I Wainscott 65 .00 29 44.62 19 29.23 17 26.15 00 .00 18 Wan tagh 9,558 996 10.42 1,949 20.39 1,905 19.93 1,825 19.09 561 5.87 2,322 24.29 35 Watermili & Sagaponack 374 148 39.57 133 35.56 55 14.71 .00 00 38 10.16 19 West Amityville 3,050 191 6.26 669 21.93 541 17.74 532 17.44 124 4.07 993 32.56 40 West Babylon 17,775 1,823 10.26 5,709 32.12 3,318 18.67 2,701 15.20 1,116 6.28 3,108 17.49 30 West Bay Shore 2,305 347 15.05 648 28.11 346 15.01 426 18.48 103 4.47 435 18.87 31 West Hempstead 8,261 1,082 13.10 2,224 26:92 1,241 15.02 1,186 14.36 736 8.91 1,792 21.69 32 West Hills 2,591 230 8.88 655 25.28 365 14.09 491 18.95 184 7.10 666 25.70 37 West Islip 12,179 1,468 12.05 3,246 26.65 2,198 18.05 1,985 16.30 885 7.27 2,397 19.68 33 West Sayville 3,057 396 12.95 824 26.95 554 18.12 575 18.81 265 8.67 443 14.49 29 Westbury 6,641 790 11.90 2,067 31.12 1,008 15.18 1,095 16.49 392 5.90 1,289 19.41 30 Westhampton 1,181 329 27.86 440 37.26 125 10.58 247 20.91 .00 40 3.39 18 Westhampton Beach 685 236 34.45 167 24.38 101 14.74 59 8.61 43 6.28 79 11.53 23 Westhampton Beach Uninc. 30 6 20.00 12 40.00 .00 12 40.00 00 .00 22 Williston Park 4,068 500 12.29 1,273 31.29 661 16.25 654 16.08 164 4.03 816 20.06 30 Woodbury 2,975 306 10.29 803 26.99 566 19.03 507 17.04 172 5.78 621 20.87 32 Woodmere 7,492 871 11.63 1,267 16.91 610 8.14 1,447 19.31 989 13.20 2,308 30.81 39 Woodsburgh 338 25 7.40 50 14.79 16 4.73 59 17.46 78 23.08 110 32.54 42 Wyandanch 4,564 465 10.19 1,696 37.16 694 15.21 701 15.36 371 8.13 637 13.96 28 Yaphank 989 140 14.16 396 40.04 182 18.40 127 12.84 49 4.95 95 9.61 24 144 I APPENDIX TABLE 3.3 I ~ Workers By Residence By Mode of Travel Workers By Residence By Mode of Travel To The Amityville Area -1980 To The Babylon Area-1980 Mode Mode 0/0 of Bus & %of Bus & Residence Tolal Tolal Auto Rail Subway Olher Residence Tolal Tolal Aula Rail Subway Olhar Total Workers 14,946 1000 13,329 169 216 1,232 Total Workers 14,795 100.0 13,564 33 124 1,074 Nassau County 3,563 23.8 3,409 50 25 79 Nassau County 1,821 12.3 1,800 10 11 North Hempstead 185 1.2 185 North Hempstead 141 1.0 141 Hempstead 1,353 9.1 1,282 36 13 22 Hempstead 918 6.2 908 10 Oyster Bay 2,025 13.5 1,942 14 12 57 Oyster Bay 762 5.2 751 11 Suffolk County 11,062 74.0 9,687 81 141 1,153 Suffolk County 12,829 86.7 11,630 23 113 1,063 Huntington 550 3.7 544 6 Huntington 759 5.1 747 12 Babylon 7,688 51.4 6,430 33 129 1,096 Babylon 7,635 51.6 6,559 6 67 1,003 Smithtown 279 1.9 262 17 Smithtown 430 2.9 430 Islip 1,728 11.6 1,691 29 8 Islip 2,801 18.9 2,714 34 53 Brookhaven 753 5.0 700 19 34 Brookhaven 1,172 7.9 1,148 17 7 Riverhead Riverhead 13 .1 13 Southold 4 4 Southold Shelter Island Shelter Island Southampton 60 .4 60 Southampton 16 .1 16 East Hampton East Hampton 3 3 Amllyvllle Area 4,279 28.6 3,238 16 85 940 Babylon Area 5,177 35.0 4,237 6 54 880 New Yark City 286 1.9 198 38 50 New York City 116 .8 105 11 Bronx County 25 .2 13 12 Bronx County Kings County 48 .3 22 10 16 Kings County 37 .3 26 11 New York County 38 .3 13 16 9 New York County Queens County 140 .9 140 Queens County 79 .5 79 Richmond County 35 .2 10 25 Richmond County All Other Counties 35 .2 35 All Other Counties 29 .2 29 Westchester 35 .2 35 Westchester 29 .2 29 145 APPENDIX TABLE 3.3 (Conl'd.) ~ Workers By Residence By Mode of Travel Workers By Residence By Mode of Travel To The Bayshore Area -1980 To Bethpage-1980 Mode Mode %01 Bus & %01 Bus & Residence Total Total Auto Rail Subway Other Residence Total Total Auto Rail Subway Other Total Workers 20,685 100.0 19,114 64 292 1,215 Total Workers 21,309 100.0 20,668 30 31 580 Nassau County 1,356 6.6 1,716 22 25 Nassau County 10,161 47.7 9,603 31 527 North Hempstead 56 .3 43 13 North Hempstead 663 3.1 663 Hempstead 682 3.3 648 9 25 Hempstead 3,926 18.4 3,851 75 Oyster Bay 618 3.0 618 Oyster Bay 5,572 26.1 5,089 31 452 Suffolk County 19,082 92.3 17,613 36 218 1,215 Bethpage 1,341 6.3 997 17 327 Huntington 750 3.6 750 Babylon 1,752 8.5 1,683 6 34 29 Suffolk County 10,048 47.2 9,975 20 53 Smithtown 850 4.1 850 Huntington 2,503 11.7 2,503 Islip 12,861 62.2 11,502 30 155 1,174 Babylon 2,343 11.0 2,334 5 4 Brookhaven 2,698 13.0 2,663 23 12 Smithtown 1,160 5.4 1,160 Riverhead 38 .2 38 Islip 2,409 11.3 2,377 15 17 Southold 6 6 Brookhaven 1,618 7.6 1,586 32 Shelter Island Riverhead Southampton 127 .6 127 Southold 15 .1 15 East Hampton Shelter Island Southampton Bayshore Area 4,279 20.7 3,511 16 46 706 East Hampton New York City 230 1.1 175 6 49 New York City 1,007 4.7 997 10 Bronx County 17 .1 17 Bronx County 52 .2 52 Kings County 56 .3 56 Kings County 193 .9 193 New York County 13 .1 7 6 New York County 30 .1 30 Queens County 144 .7 95 49 Queens County 732 3.4 722 10 1 Richmond County Richmond County All Other Counties 17 .1 17 All Other Counties 93 .4 93 ~ Westchester 17 .1 17 Bergen 65 .3 65 I Dutchess 7 7 I Westchester 21 .1 21 I 146 , t APPENDIX TABLE 3.3 (Cont'd.) Workers By Residence By Mode of Travel Workers By Residence By Mode of Travel To Bohemia.Ronkonkoma-1980 To Brentwood.Centrallslip-1980 Mode Mode %ot Bus. %01 Bus. Residence Totel Total Auto Rail Subway Other Residence Total Total Auto Rail Subway Other Total Workers 14,409 100.0 13,197 61 191 960 Total Workers 20,960 100.0 19,809 35 143 973 Nassau County 999 6.9 999 Nassau County 1,120 5.3 1,109 11 North Hempstead 86 .6 86 North Hempstead 149 .7 149 Hempstead 485 3.4 485 Hempstead 526 2.5 526 Oyster Bay 428 3.0 428 Oyster Bay 445 2.1 434 11 Suffolk County 13,098 90.9 11,915 47 176 960 Suffolk County 19,520 93.1 18,389 35 134 962 Huntington 461 3.2 415 37 9 Huntington 899 4.3 899 Babylon 565 3.9 529 36 Babylon 1,536 7.3 1,528 8 Smithtown 864 6.0 778 13 13 60 Smithtown 1,270 6.1 1,259 11 Islip 5,534 38.4 4,921 22 67 524 Islip 11,832 56.5 10,797 35 115 885 Brookhaven 5,346 37.1 4,944 12 23 367 Brookhaven 3,825 18.2 3,748 8 69 Riverhead 132 .9 132 Riverhead 82 .4 82 Southold 48 .3 48 Southold 24 .1 24 Shelter Island 2 2 Shelter Island Southampton 141 1.0 141 Southampton 52 .2 52 East Hampton 5 5 East Hampton Bohemla.Ronkonkoma 2,964 20.6 2,229 16 719 Brentwood - Central Isllp 5,983 28.5 5,216 35 38 894 New York City 286 2.0 257 14 15 Bronx County 79 .5 64 15 New York City 315 1.5 306 9 Kings County 44 .3 44 Bronx County New York County 19 .1 5 14 Kings County 72 .3 72 Queens County 144 1.0 144 New York County 8 8 Richmond County Queens County 226 1.1 226 Richmond County 9 9 All Other Counties 26 .2 26 Westchester 26 .2 26 All Other Counties 5 5 Westchester 5 5 147 APPENDIX TABLE 3.3 (Cont'd.) Workers By Residence By Mode of Travel Workers By Residence By Mode of Travel To Deer Park-19BO To The East Meadow Area-19BO Mode Mode %of Bus" %of Bus" Residence Total Total Auto Rail Subway Other Residence Total Total Auto Rail Subway Other Total Workers 12,462 100.0 11,695 21 155 591 Total Workers 11,551 100.0 9,895 20 501 1,135 Nassau County 1,482 11.9 1,482 Nassau County 9,539 82.6 7,980 20 431 1,108 North Hempstead 173 1.4 173 North Hempstead 709 6.1 638 26 45 Hempstead 741 5.9 741 Hempstead 7,281 63.0 5,829 20 369 1,063 Oyster Bay 568 4.6 568 Oyster Bay 1,549 13.4 1,513 36 Suffolk County 10,473 84.0 9,849 21 20 583 East Meadow Area 2,914 25.2 1,943 20 57 894 Huntington 1,373 11.0 1,314 59 Babylon 4,251 34.1 3,737 20 494 Suffolk County 1,479 12.8 1,460 6 13 Smithtown 638 5.1 638 Huntington 265 2.3 258 7 I,slip 2,731 21.9 2,710 21 Babylon 416 3.6 404 6 6 Brookhaven 1,317 10.6 1,308 9 Smithtown 124 1.1 124 Riverhead 8 .1 8 Islip 399 3.5 399 Southold Brookhaven 247 21 247 Shelter Island Riverhead Southampton 166 1.3 145 21 Southold 15 .1 15 East Hampton 4 4 Shelter Island Southampton 13 .1 13 Deer Park 2,164 17.4 1,805 9 350 East Hampton New York City 492 3.9 349 135 8 New York City 511 4.4 433 64 14 Bronx County 168 1.3 114 54 Bronx County Kings County 103 .8 94 9 Kings County 22 .2 22 New York County 6 6 New York County 83 .7 71 12 Queens County 215 1.7 135 72 8 Queens County 393 3.4 327 52 14 Richmond County Richmond County 13 .1 13 All Other Counties All Other Counties 22 2 22 Westchester 22 2 22 148 APPENDIX TABLE 3.3 (Cont'd.) Workers By Residence By Mode of Travel Workers By Residence By Mode of Travel To The Farmingdale Area -1980 To The Five Towns-1980 Mode Mode G/o of Bus & G/o of Bus & Residence Tolal Tolal Aulo Rail Subway Olher Residence Tolal Tolal Aulo Rail Subway Olher Total Workers 31.534 100.0 30,036 220 253 1,025 Total Workers 18,182 100.0 14,094 301 1,413 2,374 Nassau County 11,840 37.5 11,153 18 76 593 Nassau County 12,739 70.1 10,208 76 289 2,166 North Hempstead 646 2.0 646 North Hempstead 322 1.8 322 , Hempstead 4,370 13.9 4,222 11 50 87 Hempstead 11,851 65.2 9,320 76 289 2,166 Oyster Bay 6,824 21.6 6,285 7 26 506 Oyster Bay 566 3.1 566 Suffolk County 17 ,454 55.3 16,898 73 57 426 Five Towns Area 6,561 36.1 4,327 36 217 1,981 Huntington 2,641 8.4 2,622 19 Babylon 6,891 21.9 6,507 22 47 315 Suffolk County 910 5.0 910 Smithtown 1,016 3.2 1,016 Huntington 128 .7 128 Islip 4,204 13.3 4,157 14 33 Babylon 321 1.8 321 Brookhaven 2,511 8.0 2,440 37 10 24 Smithtown 80 .4 80 Riverhead 122 .4 107 15 Islip 262 1.4 262 Southold 25 .1 5 20 Brookhaven 83 .5 83 Shelter Island Riverhead 18 .1 18 Southampton 44 .1 44 Southold East Hampton Shelter Island 4 4 Southampton 14 .1 14 Farmlngdale Area 3,111 9.9 2,557 6 21 527 East Hampton New York City 2,173 6.9 1,924 129 120 New York City 4,506 24.8 2,949 225 1,124 208 Bronx County 368 1.2 305 63 Bronx County 23 .1 23 Kings County 492 1.6 426 48 18 Kings County 668 3.7 461 133 74 New York County 128 .4 92 16 20 New York County 157 9 114 15 12 16 Queens County 1,164 3.7 1,091 65 8 Queens County 3,637 20.0 2,351 77 1,038 171 Richmond County 21 .1 10 11 Richmond County 21 .1 21 All Other Counties 67 .2 61 6 All Other Counties 27 .1 27 Bergen 16 .1 16 Rockland 10 .1 10 Rockland 14 14 Westchester 17 .1 17 Westchester 37 .1 31 6 149 APPENDIX TABLE 3.3 (Conl'd.) Workers By Residence By Mode 01 Travel Workers By Residence By Mode 01 Travel To Freeport-1980 To The Garden Cily Area -1980 Mode Mode %01 Bu. . %01 Bu. . Re.ldence Total Total Auto Rail Subway Other Re.ldence Tolal Tolal Aulo Rail Subway Other Total Workers 13,270 100.0 10,911 65 842 1,452 Total Workers 39,780 100.0 35,303 504 1,919 2,054 Nassau County 11,251 84.8 9.057 42 732 1,420 Nassau County 30,927 77.7 27,171 145 1,699 1,912 North Hempstead 364 2.7 309 55 North Hempstead 4,346 10.9 3,904 263 179 Hempstead 10,044 75.7 7,945 32 663 1,404 Hempstead 21,836 54.9 18,691 122 1,342 1,681 Oyster Bay 843 6.4 803 10 14 16 Oyster Bay 4,745 11.9 4,576 23 94 52 Freeport 4,700 35.4 3,180 22 250 1,248 Garden City Area 2,829 7.1 1,795 13 1,021 Suffolk County 1,270 9.6 1,223 11 18 18 Suffolk County 5,192 13.1 5,020 72 33 67 Huntington 219 1.7 219 Huntington 1,282 3.2 1,238 14 6 24 Babylon 456 3.4 409 11 18 18 Babylon 1,138 2.9 1,078 47 7 6 Smithtown 73 .6 73 Smithtown 634 1.6 623 11 Islip 325 2.4 325 Islip 1,180 3.0 1,167 13 Brookhaven 197 1.5 197 Brookhaven 892 2.2 848 7 37 Riverhead Riverhead Southold Southold Shelter Island Shelter Island Southampton Southampton 52 .1 52 East Hampton East Hampton 14 14 New York City 669 5.0 551 12 92 14 New York City 3,526 8.9 2,977 287 187 75 Bronx County 29 .2 29 Bronx County 89 .2 65 10 14 Kings County 116 .9 102 14 Kings County 574 1.4 437 90 42 5 New York County 17 .1 17 New York County 430 1.) 292 116 22 Queens County 507 3.8 403 12 92 Queens County 2,433 6.1 2,183 71 145 34 Richmond County Richmond County All Other Counties 80 .6 80 All Other Counties 135 .3 135 Bergen 10 .1 10 Bergen 30 .1 30 Dutchess 6 6 Rockland 21 .1 21 Westchester 64 .5 64 Westchester 84 .2 84 150 APPENDIX TABLE 3.3 (Conl'd.) ~ Workers By Residence By Mode of Travel Workers By Residence By Mode of Travel ~ To Glen Cove-1980 To The Great Neck Area-1980 . , , Mode Mode ~ 0/0 of Bus" 0/0 of Bus" Residence Total Total Auto Rell Subway Other Residence Total Total Auto Rail Subway Other Total Workers 11,965 100.0 10,451 92 216 1,206 Total Workers 17,606 100.0 14,346 334 803 2,123 ~ Nassau County 10,119 84.6 8,711 62 193 1,153 Nassau County 11,579 65.8 9,196 78 383 1,922 . North Hempstead 930 7.8 862 58 10 North Hempstead 7,190 40.8 5,053 62 303 1,772 Hempstead 1,128 9.4 1,109 12 7 Hempstead 2,834 16.1 2,694 16 80 44 Oyster Bay 8,061 67.4 6,740 50 135 1,136 Oyster Bay 1,555 8.8 1,449 106 Glen Cove 5,213 43.6 4,063 97 1,053 Great Neck Area 4,641 26.4 2,696 33 190 1,722 Suffolk County 1,225 10.2 1,225 Suffolk County 1,359 7.7 1,273 31 55 Huntington 464 3.9 464 Huntington 606 3.4 600 6 Babylon 232 1.9 232 Babylon 214 1.2 194 6 14 Smithtown 183 1.5 183 Smithtown 127 .7 127 ISlip 148 1.2 148 Islip 222 1.3 222 Brookhaven 156 1.3 156 Brookhaven 158 .9 98 19 41 Aiverhead Riverhead Southold 34 .3 34 South old Shelter Island Shelter Island Southampton Southampton 32 .2 32 East Hampton 8 .1 8 East Hampton ~ New York City 563 4.7 504 12 23 24 New York City 4,499 25.6 3,720 213 420 136 Bronx County 7 .1 7 Bronx County 116 .7 97 10 9 l Kings County 121 1.0 121 Kings County 168 1.0 105 63 New York County 63 .5 27 12 24 New York County 292 1.7 183 70 22 17 r Queens County 372 3.1 356 16 Queens County 3,900 222 3,312 133 326 129 Richmond County Richmond County 23 .1 23 f All Other Counties 58 .5 11 18 29 All Other Counties 169 1.0 169 Bergen 23 .2 11 12 Bergen 50 .3 50 Westchester 35 .3 18 17 Putnam 51 .3 51 Westchester 68 .4 68 151 APPENDIX TABLE 3.3 (Cont'd.) Workers By Residence By Mode 01 Travel Workers By Residence By Mode 01 Travel 1 To Hauppauge-1980 To The Hempstead Area-1980 1 Mode Mode ~ %01 Bus. %01 Bus. Residence Total Total Auto Rail Subway Other Residence Total Total Auto Rail Subway Other Total Workers 23,989 100.0 23,408 54 127 400 Total Workers 15,253 100.0 12,851 116 1,007 1,279 Nassau County 1,656 6.9 1,636 20 Nassau County 12,627 82.8 10,396 66 905 1,260 North Hempstead 196 .8 176 20 North Hempstead 894 5.9 805 77 12 . Hempstead 619 2.6 619 Hempstead 10,480 68.7 8,389 66 807 1,218 Oyster Bay 841 3.5 841 Oyster Bay 1,253 8.2 1,202 21 30 Suffolk County 21,774 90.8 21,260 40 74 400 Hempstead 2,872 18.8 1,742 163 987 Huntington 1,875 7.8 1,875 Babylon 1,678 7.0 1,678 Suffolk County 1,666 10.9 1,643 11 12 Smithtown 3,940 16.4 3,816 12 13 99 Huntington 393 2.6 393 Islip 8,057 33.6 7,769 8 26 244 Babylon 476 3.1 464 12 j Brookhaven 5,812 242 5,710 20 25 57 Smithtown 162 1.1 162 Riverhead 71 .3 71 Islip 373 2.4 362 11 South old 108 .5 108 Brookhaven 251 1.6 251 Shelter Island 4 4 Riverhead Southampton 208 .9 208 Southold East Hampton 21 .1 21 Shelter Island Southampton 11 .1 11 Hauppauge 2,060 8.6 1,803 12 245 East Hampton New York City 474 2.0 427 14 33 New York City 910 6.0 762 39 90 19 Bronx County 14 .1 14 Bronx County 64 .4 25 23 16 l Kings County 149 .6 116 33 Kings County 189 1.2 180 9 New York County 17 .1 17 New York County 62 .4 36 16 10 1 Queens County 294 1.2 294 Queens County 595 3.9 521 74 Richmond County Richmond County ~ , All Other Counties 85 .4 85 All Other Counties 50 .3 50 1 Bergen 13 .1 13 Bergen 15 .1 15 Putnam 18 .1 18 Rockland 6 6 Rockland 11 11 Westchester 29 .2 29 I Westchester 43 .2 43 1 I 152 I I I I 153 APPENDIX TABLE 3.3 (Conl'd.) Workers By Residence By Mode of Travel Workers By Residence By Mode of Travel To The Lake Success N.H.P. Area-1980 To Manhassel Area -1980 Mode Mode j %of Bus & %of Bus & ~ Residence Totel Tolel Auto Rsn Subwsy Other Residence Tolsl Tolsl Aulo Rsn Subway Other 1 Total Workers 29,813 100.0 25,889 228 1,466 2,230 Total Workers 13,127 100.0 11,498 182 497 950 1 Nassau County 18,323 61.5 15,834 117 421 1,951 Nassau County 8,898 67.8 7,578 103 312 905 1 North Hempstead 7,689 25.8 5,875 31 210 1,573 North Hempstead 5,462 41.6 4,237 91 276 858 Hempstead 7,975 26.8 7,436 37 192 310 Hempstead 1,986 15.1 1,951 15 20 Oyster Bay 2,659 8.9 2,523 49 19 68 Oyster Bay 1,450 11.0 1,390 12 21 27 Lake Success- Manhasset Area 1,590 12.1 850 21 43 876 N.H.P. Area 4,453 14.9 2,915 12 111 1,415 Suffolk County 1,212 9.2 1,206 6 Suffolk County 4,115 13.8 4,072 43 Huntington 450 3.4 450 Huntington 1,284 4.3 1,273 11 Babylon 271 2.1 265 6 Babylon 686 2.3 680 6 Smithtown 107 .8 107 Smithtown 581 1.9 570 11 Islip 255 1.9 255 Islip 775 2.6 769 6 Brookhaven 114 .9 114 Brookhaven 773 2.6 764 9 Riverhead , Rlverhead Southold , Southold Shelter Island 4 4 1 Shelter Island Southampton 11 .1 11 I Southampton 4 4 East Hampton East Hampton 12 12 1 New York City 2,897 22.1 2,626 41 185 45 New York City 7,301 24.5 5,909 68 1,045 279 Bronx County 42 .3 42 Bronx County 255 .9 196 59 Kings County 20 .2 20 Kings County 756 2.5 619 56 50 31 New York County 158 1.2 113 28 17 New York County 252 .8 104 12 49 87 Queens County 2,657 20.2 2,451 13 168 25 Queens County 5,977 20.0 4,929 887 161 Richmond County 20 .2 20 Richmond County 61 .2 61 All Other Counties 120 .9 88 32 All Other Counties 74 .2 74 Bergen 20 .2 20 Bergen 3 3 Rockland 8 .1 8 Rockland 12 12 Westchester 92 .7 60 32 Westchester 59 .2 59 154 ,- . I l APPENDIX TABLE 3.3 (Cont'd.) I Workers By Residence By Mode of Travel Workers By Residence By Mode of Travel To Melville-1980 To Mineola-1980 Mode Mode 0/0 of Bua & 0/0 of Bua & Realdence Total Total Auto Rail Subway Other Realdence Total Total Auto Rail Subway Other Total Workers 32,041 100.0 31,194 65 277 505 Total Workers 19,198 100.0 16,593 386 871 1,348 r Nassau County 7,991 24.9 7,896 13 65 17 Nassau County 15,437 80.4 13,430 109 601 1,297 North Hempstead 866 2.7 844 22 North Hempstead 5,020 26.1 3,703 23 187 1,107 Hempstead 3,406 10.6 3,333 13 43 17 Hempstead 7,440 38.8 6,849 39 403 149 Oyster Bay 3,719 11.6 3,719 Oyster Bay 2,977 15.5 2,878 47 11 41 Suffolk County 22,524 70.3 21,932 29 112 451 Mlneol. 2,259 11.8 1,226 25 1,008 Huntington 6,999 21.8 6,672 8 33 286 Babylon 5,816 18.2 5,755 7 9 45 Suffolk County 2,219 11.6 2,126 93 Smithtown 2,322 7.2 2,246 76 Huntington 737 3.8 711 26 ! ISlip 4,233 13.2 4,125 70 38 Babylon 414 2.2 408 6 Brookhaven 3,103 9.7 3,083 14 6 Smithtown 211 1.1 211 Riverhead 44 1 44 Islip 433 2.3 379 54 Southold Brookhaven 398 21 391 7 Shelter Island Riverhead 10 .1 10 Southampton Southold 16 .1 16 East Hampton 7 7 Shelter Island Southampton Melville 589 1.8 432 8 149 East Hampton New York City 1,434 4.5 1,274 23 100 37 New York City 1,457 7.6 952 184 270 51 Bronx County 148 .5 119 29 Bronx County 26 .1 26 Kings County 182 .6 149 33 Kings County 220 1.1 133 71 16 New York County 147 .5 106 11 30 New York County 86 .4 38 48 Queens County 935 2.9 878 12 37 8 Queens County 1,125 5.9 755 65 254 51 Richmond County 22 .1 22 Richmond County All Other Counties 92 .3 92 All Other Counties 85 .4 85 Bergen 15 15 Bergen 56 .3 56 Westchester 77 .2 77 Westchester 29 .2 29 155 . l APPENDIX TABLE 3.3 (Conl'd.) j Workers By Residence By Mode 01 Travel Workers By Residence By Mode 01 Travel I To Oceanside-1980 To Palchogue Area -1980 Mode Mode 0/0 of Bus & %01 Bus & Residence Total Tolal Auto Rail Subway Other Residence Total Total Auto Rail Subway Other Total Workers 10.501 1000 8.771 163 470 1.097 Total Workers 13.577 100.0 12.627 55 148 747 Nassau County 8.919 84.9 7,350 129 349 1,091 Nassau County 299 2.2 275 24 North Hemp.stead 134 1.3 134 North Hempstead 64 .5 64 Hempstead 8,352 79.5 6,805 129 349 1,069 Hempstead 114 .8 102 12 Oyster Bay 433 4.1 411 22 Oyster Bay 121 .9 109 12 Oceanside 3,214 30.6 2,318 14 54 828 Suffolk County 13,230 97.4 12,320 39 ,124 747 Huntington 214 1.6 193 15 6 Suffolk County 835 8.0 822 7 6 Babylon 218 1.6 218 Huntington 27 .3 27 Smithtown 218 1.6 218 Babylon 254 2.4 248 6 Islip 1,846 13.6 1,818 28 j Smithtown 126 1.2 126 Brookhaven 10,200 75.1 9,339 24 96 741 Islip 229 2.2 229 Riverhead 185 1.4 185 Brookhaven 187 1.8 180 7 Southold 119 .9 119 Riverhead Shelter Island Southold Southampton 230 1.7 230 Shelter Island East Hampton Southampton East Hampton 12 .1 12 Palchogue Ares 3,877 28.6 3,214 13 36 614 New York City 739 7.0 591 27 121 New York City 42 .3 26 16 Bronx County 11 .1 11 Bronx County Kings County 141 1.3 97 27 17 Kings County 16 .1 16 New York County 60 .6 50 10 New York County j Queens County 527 5.0 433 94 Queens County 26 .2 26 Richmond County Richmond County All Other Counties 8 .1 8 All Other Counties 6 6 Westchester 8 .1 8 Westchester 6 6 156 APPENDIX TABLE 3.3 (Cont'd.) Workers By Residence By Mode of Travel Workers By Residence By Mode of Travel To Plainview -1980 To The Port Jefferson Area-1980 Mode Mode %01 Bus & %01 Bus & Residence Total Total Auto Rail Subway Other Residence Total Total Auto Rail Subway Other Total Workers 15,845 100.0 14,431 71 239 1,104 Total Workers 10,657 100.0 9,982 12 20 643 Nassau County 10,101 63.7 8,916 34 134 1,017 Nassau County 323 3.0 323 North Hempstead 901 5.7 816 62 23 North Hempstead 49 .5 49 Hempstead 2,545 16.1 2,485 26 34 Hempstead 100 .9 100 Oyster Bay 6,655 42.0 5,615 34 46 960 Oyster Bay 174 1.6 174 Plalnvlew 2,583 16.3 1,846 20 23 694 Suffolk County 10,241 96.1 9,581 12 5 643 f Huntington 264 2.5 264 Suffolk County 4,746 30.0 4,633 6 48 59 Babylon 84 .8 84 Huntington 1,287 8.1 1,264 11 12 Smithtown 486 4.6 475 11 Babylon 1,151 7.3 1,105 37 9 Islip 778 7.3 757 21 Smithtown 366 2.3 366 Brookhaven 8,333 78.2 7,705 12 5 611 Islip 1,060 6.7 1,054 6 Riverhead 117 1.1 117 Brookhaven 878 5.5 840 38 Southold 48 .5 48 Riverhead Shelter Island 4 4 Southold Southampton 106 1.0 106 Shelter Island East Hampton 21 .2 21 Southampton 4 4 East Hampton Port Jefferson Area 2,562 24.0 2,044 12 506 New York City 946 6.0 830 31 57 28 New York City 87 .8 72 15 Bronx County 7 7 Bronx County Kings County 256 1.6 213 43 Kings County New York County 79 .5 58 21 New York County 52 .5 37 15 Queens County 590 3.7 538 10 14 28 Queens County 35 3 35 Richmond County 14 .1 14 Richmond County r All Other Counties 52 .3 52 All Other Counties 6 .1 6 Bergen 21 .1 21 Westchester 6 .1 6 Westchester 31 .2 31 t , f 157 APPENDIX TABLE 3.3 (Cont'd.) Workers By Residence By Mode of Travel Workers By Residence By Mode of Travel To The Port Washington Area-1980 To Rockville Centre-1980 1 Mode Mode j %of Bus & %of Bus & Residence Total Total Auto Rail Subway Other Residence Total Total Auto Rail Subway Othar Total Workers 10,194 100.0 8,616 165 112 1,301 Total Workers 10,933 100.0 8,992 215 624 1,102 1 Nassau County 8,117 79.6 6,701 51 90 1,275 Nassau County 9,216 84.3 7,514 138 499 1,065 j North Hempstead 5,769 56.6 4,493 38 90 1,148 North Hempstead 208 1.9 195 13 Hempstead 1,045 10.3 1,030 15 Hempstead 8,360 76.5 6,685 124 499 1,052 Oyster Bay 1,303 12.8 1,178 13 112 Oyster Bay 648 5.9 634 14 Port Washington Area 4,554 44.7 3,350 38 76 1,090 Rockville Centre 1,915 17.5 1,050 19 45 801 i Suffolk County 1,144 11.2 1,136 8 Suffolk County 899 8.2 810 36 16 37 Huntington 393 3.9 393 Huntington 185 1.7 185 Babylon 146 1.4 146 Babylon 257 2.4 233 13 11 ~ Smithtown 131 1.3 131 Smithtown 123 1.1 123 1 Islip 220 2.2 212 8 Islip 214 2.0 175 23 16 Brookhaven 226 2.2 226 Brookhaven 91 .8 65 26 Riverhead Riverhead 29 .3 29 Southold 28 .3 28 Southold Shelter Island Shelter Island Southampton Southampton East Hampton East Hampton 1 New York City 885 8.7 731 106 22 26 New York City 766 7.0 616 41 109 j Bronx County 11 .1 11 Bronx County 37 .3 37 Kings County 108 1.1 49 45 14 Kings County 79 .7 68 11 New York County 49 .5 39 10 New York County 43 .4 43 Queens County 717 7.0 632 51 8 26 Queens County 582 5.3 443 30 109 1 Richmond County Richmond County 25 .2 25 i ~ All Other Counties 48 .5 48 All Other Counties 52 .4 52 , Bergen 28 .3 28 Bergen 13 .1 13 Westchester 20 .2 20 Westchester 39 .4 39 j , 158 APPENDIX TABLE 3.3 (Cont'd.) Workers By Residence By Mode of Travel Workers By Residence By Mode of Travel To Stony Brook-1980 To Syosset.Woodbury-1980 Mode Mode %of Bus & %of Bus & f Residence Total Total Auto Rail Subway Other Residence Total Total Auto Rail Subwey Other Total Workers 10,149 100.0 8,711 91 135 1,212 Total Workers 24,607 100.0 23,268 186 87 1,066 t Nassau County 274 2.7 232 42 Nassau County 14,211 57.8 13,216 27 39 929 North Hempstead 13 .1 13 North Hempstead 1,232 5.0 1,195 12 25 Hempstead 88 .9 64 24 Hempstead 3,720 15.1 3,668 25 27 Oyster Bay 173 1.7 155 18 Oyster Bay 9,259 37.6 8,353 15 14 877 Suffolk County 9,611 94.7 8,322 29 101 1,159 Syosset.Woodbury Area 3,181 12.9 2,425 10 746 ~ ~ Huntington 294 2.9 287 7 Babylon 201 2.0 193 8 Suffolk County 8,119 33.0 7,914 84 13 108 I Smithtown 715 7.0 702 13 Huntington 2,966 12.1 2,857 55 54 I ISlip 578 5.7 543 35 Babylon 1,492 6.1 1,459 13 20 f Brookhaven 7,599 74.9 6,373 29 101 1,096 Smithtown 834 3.4 818 16 Riverhead 85 .8 85 Islip 1,382 5.6 1,350 13 19 Southold 37 .4 37 Brookhaven 1,430 5.8 1,415 15 Shelter Island 9 .1 9 Riverhead Southampton 87 .9 87 Southold East Hampton 6 .1 6 Shelter Island Southampton 15 .1 15 ! Stony Brook 2,383 23.5 1,401 15 28 939 East Hampton New York City 238 2.3 131 62 34 11 New York City 2,097 8.5 1,965 75 35 22 ~ Bronx County 24 .2 24 Bronx County 133 .5 122 11 Kings County 55 .5 13 20 22 Kings County 319 1.3 293 26 New York County 52 .5 24 28 New York County 120 .5 102 7 11 Queens County 107 1.1 70 14 12 11 Queens County 1,461 5.9 1,422 39 ~ Richmond County Richmond County 64 .3 26 10 28 i t All Other Counties 26 .3 26 AIi Other Counties 180 .7 173 7 Westchester 26 .3 26 Bergen 51 .2 51 Dutchess 14 .1 14 ~ Putnam 14 .1 14 Rockland 13 .1 13 ~ Westchester 88 .4 81 7 159 f APPENDIX TABLE 3.3 (Cont'd.) Workers By Residence By Mode 01 Travel Workers By Residence By Mode 01 Travel To The Valley Stream Area -1980 To The Westbury Area -1980 1 Mode Mode j %01 Bus & %01 Bus & Residence Totsl Totsl Auto Rill SubwlY Other Residence Totll Totll Auto Rill SubwIY Other 1 Total Workers 16,407 100.0 13,885 192 668 1,662 Total Workers 21,378 100.0 19,607 99 527 1,145 Nassau County 11,887 72.5 9,951 68 363 1,505 Nassau County 15,368 71.9 13,885 22 380 1,081 North Hempstead 340 2.1 340 North Hempstead 4,809 22.5 3,876 143 790 Hempstead. 10,886 66.3 8,959 68 354 1,505 Hempstead 6,748 31.6 6,334 65 25 Oyster Bay 661 4.0 652 9 Oyster Bay 3,811 17.8 3,675 6 25 105 Valley Stream Area 5,271 32.1 3,733 35 194 1,309 Westbury Area 2,864 13.4 2,074 58 732 1 Suffolk County 1,153 7.0 1,126 27 Suffolk County 3,823 17.9 3,766 26 6 25 ~ Huntington 159 1.0 159 Huntington 912 4.3 901 5 6 I I Babylon 382 2.3 375 7 Babylon 709 3.3 709 j Smithtown 63 .4 63 Smithtown 542 2.5 518 15 9 Islip 311 1.9 298 13 Islip 913 4.3 891 6 16 Brookl'taven 210 1.3 203 7 Brookhaven 747 3.5 747 Riverhead Riverhead Southold Southold Shelter Island 4 4 Shelter Island Southampton 9 .1 9 Southampton East Hampton 15 .1 15 East Hampton New York City 3,286 20.0 2,727 97 305 157 New York City 2,060 9.6 1,829 51 141 39 Bronx County 81 .5 64 17 Bronx County 198 .9 178 20 Kings County 334 2.0 311 23 Kings County 295 1.4 225 70 New York County 142 .9 100 32 10 New York County 192 .9 134 39 19 Queens County 2,682 16.3 2,205 42 278 157 Queens County 1,375 6.4 1,292 51 32 , Richmond County 47 .3 47 Richmond County 1 l All Other Counties 81 .5 81 All Other Counties 127 .6 127 1 Bergen 13 .1 13 Bergen 14 .1 14 Rockland 35 2 35 Dutchess 19 .1 19 Westchester 33 .2 33 Rockland 16 .1 16 ~ Westchester 78 .4 78 160 1 APPENDIX TABLE 3.4 Long Island Residents Age 16 And Over By Place of Work-1970 and 1980 Place of Residence 1980 1970 Nassau Suffolk Nassau-Suffolk Nassau Suffolk Nassau.Suffolk Place of Work # % # % # % # % # % # % Total Workers 615,611 100.00 523,577 100.00 1,139,188 100.00 555,059 100.00 379,642 100.00 934,701 100.00 Total Nassau-Suffolk 401,631 65.24 440,983 84.23 842,614 73.97 350,159 63.09 311,426 82.03 661,585 70.78 Nassau County 361,726 58.76 77,203 14.75 438,929 38.53 326,046 58.74 63,928 16.84 389,974 41.72 Suffolk County 39,905 6.48 363,780 69.48 403,685 35.44 24,113 4.34 247,498 65.19 271,611 29.06 Total New York City 203,073 32.99 75,938 14.50 279,011 24.49 195,357 35.20 63,756 16.79 259,113 27.72 Bronx County 5,710 0.93 3,319 0.63 9,029 0.79 6,811 1.23 2,780 0.73 9,591 1.03 Kings County 28,294 4.60 11,646 2.22 39,940 3.51 29,560 5.33 9,561 2.52 39,121 4.19 New York County 110,204 17.90 35,873 6.85 146,077 12.82 105,211 18.95 30,517 8.04 135,728 14.52 Queens County 58,282 9.47 24,140 4.61 82,422 7.24 53,356 9.61 20,769 5.47 74,125 7.93 Richmond County 583 0.09 960 0.18 1,543 0.14 419 0.08 129 0.03 548 0.06 Total Upstate New York 3,173 0.52 1,921 0.37 5,094 0.45 2,671 0.48 1,152 0.30 3,823 0.41 Westchester County 2,525 0.41 1,070 0.20 3,595 0.32 2,503 0.45 1,039 0.27 3,542 0.38 Putnam County 0 0.00 32 0.01 32 0.00 5 0.00 6 0.00 11 0.00 Dutchess County 61 0.01 29 0.01 90 0.01 32 0.00 25 0.01 57 0.01 Rockland County 233 0.04 131 0.03 364 0.03 89 0.02 51 0.01 140 0.02 Orange County 354 0.06 659 0.13 1,013 0.09 42 0.01 31 0.01 73 0.01 Total New Jersey 3,512 0.57 1,483 0.28 4,995 0.44 3,069 0.55 1,184 0.31 4,253 0.46 Bergen County 1,267 0.21 574 0.11 1,841 0.16 1,309 0.24 443 0.12 1,752 0.19 Passaic County 142 0.02 54 0.01 196 0.02 226 0.04 96 0.03 322 0.03 Somerset County 37 0.01 5 0.00 42 0.00 8 0.00 0 0.00 8 0.00 Union County 292 0.05 145 0.03 437 0.04 147 0.03 153 0.04 300 0.03 Morris County 103 0.02 15 0.00 118 0.01 86 0.02 34 0.01 120 0.01 Hudson County 872 0.14 365 0.07 1,237 0.11 740 0.13 170 0.04 910 0.10 Essex County 473 0.08 199 0.04 672 0.06 348 0.06 184 0.05 532 0.06 Monmouth County 119 0.02 36 0.01 155 0.01 17 0.00 27 0.00 44 0.00 Middlesex County 207 0.03 90 0.02 297 0.03 188 0.03 77 0.02 265 0.03 Total Connecticut 773 0.13 237 0.05 1,010 0.09 749 0.13 183 0.05 932 0.10 I Worked Elsewhere 3,449 0.56 3,015 0.58 6,464 0.57 3,054 0.55 1,941 0.51 4,995 0.53 ~ Source: N.Y. Metropolitan Transportation Council, based on the 1980 U.S. Census Note: 8.1 % of those Long Island workers did not report their place of work in 1980. These were allocated by NYMTC by the proportion re- porting various worksites. A small percentage reported as NYC unspecified were allocated among the five NYC boroughs. Totals for upstate New York, New Jersey and Connecticut are only for those areas considered suburbs of New York City. 161 APPENDIX TABLE 3.5 Persons Age 16 And Over Working on Long Island By Place of Residence-1970 and 1980 Place of Work 1980 1970 Nassau Suffolk Nassau-Suffolk Nassau Suffolk Nassau-Suffolk Place of Work # % # % # % # % # % # % Total Workers 498,896 100.00 412,548 100.00 911,444 100.00 454,421 100.00 283,815 100.00 738,236 100.00 Total Nassau-Suffolk 438,929 87.98 403,685 97.85 842,614 92.45 389,974 85.82 271,611 95.70 661,585 89.62 Nassau County 361,726 72.51 39,905 9.67 401,631 44.07 326,046 71.75 24,113 8.50 350,159 47.43 Suffolk County 77,203 15.47 363,780 88.18 440,983 48.38 63,928 14.07 247,498 87.20 311,426 42.19 Total New York City 56,102 11.25 7,948 1.93 64,050 7.03 60,646 13.35 10,830 3.82 71,476 9.68 Bronx County 1,885 0.38 729 0.18 2,614 0.29 2,731 0.60 932 0.33 3,663 0.50 Kings County 7,142 1.43 1,458 0.35 8,600 0.94 10,556 2.32 2,462 0.87 13,018 1.76 New York County 3,351 0.67 1,049 0.25 4,400 0.48 3,693 0.81 955 0.34 4,648 0.63 Queens County 43,325 8.68 4,639 1.12 47,964 5.26 43,370 9.54 6,320 2.23 49,690 6.73 Richmond County 399 0.08 73 0.02 472 0.05 296 om 161 0.06 457 0.06 Total Upstate New York 1,948 0.39 468 0.11 2,416 0.27 .2,167 0.48 759 0.27 2,926 0.40 Dutchess County 78 0.02 16 0.00 94 0.01 39 0.01 28 0.01 67 0.01 Orange County 71 0.01 30 0.01 101 0.01 92 0.02 18 0.01 110 0.01 Putnam County 142 0.03 10 0.00 152 0.02 52 0.01 0 0.00 52 0.01 Rockland County 263 0.05 74 0.02 337 0.04 193 0.04 84 0.03 277 0.04 Westchester County 1,394 0.28 338 0.08 1,732 0.19 1,791 0.39 629 0.22 2,420 0.33 Total New Jersey 1,449 0.29 358 0.09 1,807 0.20 1,341 0.30 508 0.18 1,849 0.25 Bergen County 586 0.12 130 0.03 716 0.08 550 0.12 190 0.08 740 0.10 Essex County 176 0.04 33 0.01 209 0.02 117 0.03 42 0.07 159 0.02 Hudson County 152 0.03 40 0.01 192 0.02 120 0.03 107 0.01 227 0.03 Middlesex County 88 0.02 21 0.01 109 0.01 112 0.02 30 0.04 142 0.02 Monmouth County 173 0.03 38 0.01 211 0.02 148 0.03 26 0.01 174 0.02 Morris County 41 0.01 16 0.00 57 0.01 47 0.01 17 0.01 64 0.01 Passaic County 84 0.02 0 0.00 84 0.01 105 0.02 38 0.01 143 0.02 Somerset County 7 0.00 17 0.00 24 0.00 20 0.00 36 0.01 56 0.01 Union County 142 0.03 63 0.02 205 0.02 122 0.03 22 0.01 144 0.02 Total Connecticut 468 0.09 89 0.02 557 0.06 293 0.06 107 0.04 400 0.05 Source: New York Metropolitan Transportation Council, based on 1980 U.S. Census Note: Totals for upstate New York, New Jersey and Connecticut are only for those areas considered suburbs of New York City 162