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HomeMy WebLinkAboutWastewater Facility Plan - Engineering & Env. Data - 1978Z 0 Town of'? ~d Inc. Village' "df~Greenport Suffolk County, N.Y. Section 201-Wastewater Facility Plan of the Mainland Town Portion Of The Of Southold Engineering and Environmental Data Report December 1978 Holzmacher, McLendon and Murr®lI,P.C. Consulting Engineers Melville, N.Y., Farmingdale, N.Y., Newton, N.J. H 2M Corp. HOLZMACH ER,McLEN DON and MURRELL, P.C. CONSULTING ENGINEERS. December 21, 1978 Supervisor Albert Martocchia and Members of the Town Board Town of Southold Town Hall, Main Road Southold, New York 11971 Major Joseph L. Townsend, Jr. and Members of the Board of Trustees Igc. Village of Greenport V~llage Hall 236 Third Street GreenportI New York 11944 Gentlemen. .We are pleased to s~bmit herewith Volume 1 of the Facility Plan entitled Engineering and Environmental Data Report". Th~s report has been submitted to NYSDEC and USEPA for their concurrent review. We would be pleased to meet with you to discuss any aspects of this report. Very truly yours, ~& MURRELL, H. A. Dombeck, P.E. I Enc. 1.0 Introduction I I I I I I ! I I I I I I I I I .I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENOON and MURRELL, P.C. 1.0 Introduction The Town Board of the Town of Southold and the Village Board of the Inc. Village of Greenport have authorized and jointly acted to commission the Wastewater Facility Study of the Town of Southold. The Town is encompassed completely by the study area with the exception of Fisher's Island and Plum Island and a very small portion of the Town lying west of Laurel Avenue. In acting jointly, each municipality was attempting to meet differing rationals but trying to achieve the same common goal of protecting the invaluable and fragile water resource of the peninsula. The Town of Southold sula of Long Island which and the Great Peconic Bay. with a predominance of agriculture throughout with a few cen- trally located r6sidential-commercial communities along the center of the Town. Very aware of the fragile nature of its water resource and concerned at preserving the agricultural- resort character of the Town from suburbanization, the Town Board's desire in entering into the 201 Study was to in- sure that the water resource was protected and that secondary impacts of suburbanization did not needlessly occur as a re- sult of the study's recommendations. The Village of Greenport with a long history of commercial activity related to its close proximity to navigable waters a relatively stable population. In the eastern portion of is essentially the north fork penin- extends out into Long Island Sound It is essentially rural in character 1-1 has had the Town H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. the Village if the water supplier. The Village also has owned and operated a sewerage system since 1939. That system was recently upgraded in 1976 and discharges its effluent to Long Island Sound. Similarly concerned with the need to protect the ground water resource which is even more fragile on the eastern portion of the Town, and willing to act as a nucleus for the Town in expansion of its collec- tion and treatment system to protect the water resource from contamination by suburbanization, the Village entered into and encouraged the application for the Wastewater Facility Study. The Village and Town have been extremely concerned about protection of its water resource. Singly and in concert each have acted to gather data on the resource and act to protect it. Each recognizes that growth in the Town is dependent on the availability of fresh water. Many studies commissioned by the Town and Yillage have highlighted the unique problems of water quality and quantity. The CPWS-}4[1] report completed in 1970 similarly pointed out the need for quality maintenance and for importation of water to meet the year 2000 needs, assuming additional sewer- lng with discharge to surface water. The Nassau-Suffolk 208 Wastewater Management Study has assigned the Town of Southold as a "Self-Sufficiency Area". This requires that proper planning for this 201 consider the Comprehensive Public Water Supply Study, Suffolk County, N.Y., CPWS-24, Holzmacher, 3~cLendon & Murrell, iMelville, N.Y., June 1970. 1-2 I I I I i I I I I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. effects ment and the impacts of both quality of wastewater to the ground water. Holzmacher, HcLendon & Murrell, of quality of the ground water from additional develop- and quantity for disposal P.C. (HH&H) was selected to perform the Wastewater Facility Study, and in compliance with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) regulations will develop recommendations consistent with the goals of the 208 Wastewater Management Study and structural recommendations for Best Practical Wastewater Treatment Technology. This will include an assessment of the present situation on environmental and cost-effective evaluation of alternatives to plan for wastewater in the study area, and finally a selected plan. During the course of this study, public meetings and hearings will be held to acquaint the public with the direc- tion of the study and to receive public input. A final public hearing will be ~eld on the recommended plan before submission to New York State Dept. of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) and USEPA. The following documents will be issued during the course of this study: 1. Engineering and Environmental Data Report. 2. Engineering Alternatives and Environmental Assessment Report. 3. Selected Plan. 1-3 2.0 Effluent Limitations 2.1 Surface Water Standards 2.2 Ground Water Standards 2.3 Effluent Limitations I I I I ! ! I I I I I I I I I i H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. 2.0 Effluent Limitations Several agencies have jurisdiction over water quality within the study area. These agencies are the USEPA, NYSDEC and Suffolk County Dept. of Environmental Control (SCDEC). Effluent limitations within the study area are based on three factors: 1. Minimum treatment requirements of the USEPA and NYSDEC. 2. Ground water quality limitations. 3. Surface water quality limitations. The interrelationships between the level of treatment, need for ground water recharge and surface water quality and loading capacity are now being investigated under the Section 208 Wastewater Management Study. This study, funded by the USEPA, is being conducted by the Nassau-Suffolk Regional Plan- ning Board. The conclusions hoped to be reached will answer such questions as: A. What method of effluent disposal is most desirable? B. Is ground water recharge needed? Where? How much? C. What level of treatment is required for ground waters? For surface waters? D. For ground water disposal, what is the impact of viruses? It is expected that the 208 study will present recommendations concerning these questions in the very near future. 2-1 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. Public Law 92-500, Section 303, requires Basin Studies by the State of New York to establish those surface bodies which are water quality or effluent limited. To date the NYSDEC has completed a revised draft for this study area. The major wastewater discharges in the study area are from the Inc. Village of Greenport sewage treatment plant and the Southold Scavenger Waste Lagoon. The required effluent limitations for the Greenport plant are contained in Table 2-1. Wastewater from the Greenport plant is discharged to the Long Island Sound. 2.1 Surface Water Standards Water quality standards with their associated classifica- tion schemes are used to control solid and liquid waste dis- charges to attain specified levels of water quality. The term "standard" is a description of water quality characteristics necessary to allow a given use. For example, the standard to support an activity like shellfishing is essentially a descrip- tion of the quality of water required if shellfishing is to be permitted. In addition, this description includes general and quantitative items. For instance, prohibiting sludge deposits caused by wastewater discharge, which are based on the need to provide an environment physically suited to the growth of shell- fish, and the most probable number of coliform bacteria must be less than 70 per 100 milliliters. 2-2 I I I I I ! I I I ! I I I i I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 2-1 INC. VILLAGE OF GREENPORT SPUES PE~,~IT NO, NY0020'079 EFFLUENT LIMITATIONS Flow BOD-S BOD-S Suspended Solids Suspended Solids Total Coliform pH Settleable Solids 50 day arithmetic mean 30 day arithmetic mean 7 day arithmetic mean 30 day arithmetic mean 7 day arithmetic mean Daily Range Daily *And effluent values shall not exceed 15% of influent values 2-3 0,S mgd 30 mg/1 ~ 125 lbs/day* 45 mg/1 ~ 188 lbs/day 30 mg/1 ~ 125 lbs/day* 45 mg/1 ~ 188 lbs/day 70/100 ml 6.0 9.0 Less than 0.3 ml/1 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. The classification of a body of water is used to establish the best usage for that water body, when classified the water body receives a letter designation corresponding to the stan- dard that governs its quality. For example, the Long Island Sound water adjacent to the Greenport area, into which the plant discharges, is classified SA. This designation corres- ponds to the standards which permit shellfishing for market purposes as the best usage, as well as primary and secondary recreational activities. clude swimming, diving, fishing and boating. Primary and secondary activities in- water skiiing, skin diving, surfing, Note that a classification establishes target quality levels to be maintained or achieved, and does not necessarily corespond to existing quality. For example, classifying a given body of water as SA is not equivalent to stating that the water is currently suitable for shellfishing. In the event that such a water body is not currently meeting the standards for shellfishing, the process of classifying it SA establishes the desired target levels of quality that have yet to be achieved. Table 2-2 shows the classifications and water quality standards for saline surface water bodies. Table 2-3 indicates the water quality standard for Class SA waters, which is the classification of Long Island Sound where the Greenport S.T.P. discharge is located. 2-4 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 2-2 CLASSES AND STANDARDS FOR SALINE SURFACE WATERS* The following items and specifications shall be the stan- dards applicable to all New York Saline Surface Waters which are assigned the classification of SA, SB, SC or SD, in addi- tion to the specific standards which are found in this Part under the heading of each such classification. Quality Standards for Saline Surface Waters Items Garbage, cinders, ashes, oils, sludge or other refuse. SpecifiCatiOns None in any waters of the marine district as defined by Environ- mental Conservation Law (S17-010S). 2. pH The normal range shall not be ex- tended by more than one-tenth (0.1) pH unit. 5. Turbidity No increase except from natural sources that will cause a sub- stantial visible contract to natural conditions. In cases of naturally turbid waters, the con- trast will be due to increased turbidity. 4. Color None from man-made sources that will be detrimental to anticipated best usage of waters. Suspended, collodial or settleable solids. None from sewage, industrial wastes or other wastes which will cause deposition or be deleterious for any best usage determined for the specific waters which are assigned to each class. Oil and floating substances. No residue attributable to sewage, industrial wastes or other wastes, nor visible oil film nor globules of grease. 7. Thermal discharges (See Part 704 of this Title) *Source: NYSDEC, Classifications and Standards Governing the Quality and Purity of Waters of N.Y.S., Part 701.5, Official Compilation of Codes, Rules and Regulations. 2-5 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON mhd MURRELL, P,C. TABLB 2-5 CLASS SA Best Usage of Waters. The waters shall be suitable for shell- fishing ~or market purposes and primary and secondary contact recreation. ' ~ality standards for Class SA Waters Item Spec'i£icat'iOns 1. Coliform The median MPN value in any serzes of samples representative of waters in the shellfish growing area shall not be in excess of seventy (70) per one hundred ml. 2. Dissolved Oxygen Shall not be less than $.0 mg/1 at any time. Toxic Wastes and Dele- terious Substances None in amounts that will interfere with use for prima~y contact re- creation or taat wxll be injurious to edible fish or shellfish or the culture or propagation thereof, or which in any manner shall adverse- ly affect the flavor, color, odor or sanitary condition thereof or impair the waters for any other best usage as determined for the specific waters which are assigned to this class. 2-6 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McI. ENDON and MURRELL, P.C. Although Plum Island and Fisher's Island are not a part of this planning area they are a part of the Town of Southold and as such the following is provided for informational pur- poses: Plum Island Plum Island Animal Disease Laboratory, USDA Wastewater Treatment Facility NPDES Permit No.: NY0008117/NY0021661 hxpiration Date: June 30, 1977 (Renewal Pending) Discharge Points: (All discharges to Long Beach Bay) 001 - Domestic sewage to plant Administrative Area septic tank. Effluent Limitations Flow 30 day arithmetic mean 0.03 mgd pH Range 6.0-9.0 Chlorine Residual Minimum 0.5 mg/1 002 Cooling water from Laboratory Bldg. #257 Effluent Limitations Flow pH Fecal Coliform Fecal Coliform Temperature, °C. $0 day arithmetic mean Range 50 day geometric mean 7 day geometric mean Maximum 0.03 mgd 6.0-9.0 200/100 mi 400/100 mi 99 003 Cooling water from Laboratory Bldg. #101 Effluent Limitations Flow pH Fecal Coliform Fecal Coliform Temperature, °C. 30 day arithmetic mean Range $0 day geometric mean 7 day geometric mean Maximm~ 0.04 mgd 6.0-9.0 200/100 mi 400/100 ml 99 004 Cooling water discharge Effluent Limitations Flow pH Temperature~ °C. $0 day arithmetic mean 2.5 mgd Range 6.0-9.0 Maximum 26 2-7 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. 005 - Wastewater Treatment Facility Effluent Limitations Flow pH Fecal Coliform Fecal Coliform 30 day arithmetic mean 0.14 mgd Range 6.0-9.0 30 day geometric mean 200/100 mi ? day geometric mean 400/100 ml Fisher's Island Presently wastewater generated on Fisher's Island is dis- charged as raw wastewater to Fisher's Island Sound. There is no existing discharge permit. Recently a plan of study was submitted for this area. Currently, approval of the plan of study is pending. 2.2 Ground Water Standards The pertinent New York State Ground Water Standards for this study area are presented in Table 2-4. The purpose of these classes, quality standards and effluent standards and/or limitations is to prevent pollution of ground waters and to protect the ground waters for use as a potable water. 2.3 Bffluent Limitations Bffluent limitations will be established by the NYSDBC and/or the 208 Wastewater Management Study in conjunction with the USEPA for specific alternative discharge locations for surface and ground waters. They will be in conformance with the ground and surface waters standards previously cited. Z-8 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 2-4 CLASSES AND STANDARDS FOR GROUND WATERS* CLASS GA (2) The best usage of Class GA waters is a source of potable water supply. Class GA waters are fresh ground waters found in the saturated zone of unconsolidated deposits and consolidated rock or bedrock. Quality standards for Class GA waters shall be the most stringent of: (i) The items and specifications applicable to such waters found in this section; (ii) The standards for raw water quality promul- gated by the Commissioner of Health as found in 10 NYCRR Part 170, Source of Water Supply, or any subsequent revision thereto or replace- ment thereof; and (iii) The maximum contaminant levels for drinking water promulgated by the Administrator under the Safe Drinking Water Act (PL 95-S25). The following quality standards shall be applicable to Class GA waters. Items Sewage, industrial waste or other wastes, taste or odor producing substances, toxic pollutants, thermal discharges, radioactive substances or other dele~ terious matter. Specifications 1. None into the unsaturated or saturated zones which may im- pair the quality of the ground waters to render them unsafe or unsuitable ±or a potable water supply or which may cause or contribute to a condition in contravention of standards for other classified waters of the State. The concentration of the following substances or chemicals: Shall not be greater than the limit specified, except where exceeded due to natural condi- tions: (a) Arsenic (As) [b) Barium (Ba) (c) Cadmium (Cd) (a) 0.0S ms/1 (b) i.O mg/1 (c) 0.01 mg/i 2-9 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 2-4 Items (CONT'D.) Specifications 2. (cont'd.) 2. (cont'd.) (d) Chloride (C1) (d) 250 mg/1 (eJ Chromium Hexa- (e) 0.0S mg/l valent (CrJ (f) Copper (Cu) (f) 1.0 mg/! tg) Cyanide (CN) (g) 0.2 mg/1 (h) Fluoride (F) (h) 1.S mg/1 (i) Foaming Agents[l] (i) 0.S mg/1 (j) Iron (Fei[2] (j) 0.3 mg/1 (k) Lead (Pb) (k) 0.0S mg/1 (1) Hanganese (Mn)[2] (1) 0.3 mg/1 (m) Mercury (Hg) (m) 0.002 mg/1 (n) Nitrate {as N) (nj 10.0 mg/1 (o) Phenols (o) 0.001 mg/1 (p) selenium (Se) (p) 0.01 mg/1 (q) Silver (Ag) (q) 0.0S mg/1 (r) Sulfate (SO4J (r) ZS0 mg/l (s) Zinc (Zn) (s) S mg/1 (t) pH range (t) 6.S to 8.5 (u) Aldrin (u) not detectable[3] (v) Chlordane (v) 3.0 ug/1 (w) DDT & Metabolites (w) not detectable[3] (x) Dieldrin (x) not detectable[3] (y) Endrin (y) 0.2 ug/1 (z) Meptachlor & Metabolites (z) 0.1 ug/1 (aa) Lindane & Other Hexa- (aa) 4.0 ug/1 chlorocyclohexanes (bb) Methoxychlor (bbJ 100.0 ug/1 (cc) Toxaphene (cc) S.0 ug/1 (dd) 2,4-Dichlorophen~ (dd) 100.0 ug/1 oxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) (ee) 2,4,S-Trichlorophen- (ee) 10.0 ug/1 oxypropionic Acid (2,4,S-TP Silvex) *Part 703, Section 703.5 of Title 6 of the Official Compilation of Codes, Rules and Regulations of the State of New York (NYCRR) [1] Foaming agents determined as Methylene Blue Active Substances (HBAS). [2] Combined concentration of Iron and ~anganese shall not ex- ceed 0.5 mg/1. [3] "not detectable" means by tests or analytical determinations referenced in Section 703.4. 2 -10 3.0 Assessment of Current Situation 3.1 Existing Conditions in the Planning Area 3.1.1 Planning Area Description 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 3. 1.1 1 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.1 5 1.1 6 1.17 1.18 1.1.9 1.1.10 General Planning Area Boundaries Political Jurisdictions Topography Climate and Precipitation Geology Surface and Subsurface Conditions Ground Water Sources Surface Waters Storm Water Disposal and Flood Plains Organizational Context 3.1.5 Demographic Data 5. ~. 5. Z 3.1.4 ~ate~ Supplies 3.1.4.1 5.1.4.2 Public and Individual Water Supplies Agricultural Water Supplies 5.1.5 Other Existing~Environmental Conditions 5.2 3.1.5.1 3.1.5.2 3.1.5.3 3.1.5.4' 3.1.5.5 3.1.5.6 ~.1.§.? Existing Wastewater Existing Air Quality Existing Noise Levels Energy Production and Consumption Cultural Resources Plant and Animal Communities Environmentally Sensitive Areas · Flows and Treatment Systems 3.2.1 Wastewater Flows 3.2.2 Collection Systems 5.2.5 Treatment Facilities I ~.~..~ Industrial, Commercial-and Agricultural Waste Disposal $.0 Assessment of Current Situation (cont'd.) ~ 5.5 Performance of Existing Wastewater Treatment Facilities 5.5.1 Introduction 3.3.2 Inc. Village of Greenport Treatment Facility 3.3.2.1 3.3.2.2 3.3.2.3 3.3.2.4 3.3.2.5 Caliber and Number of Operating Personnel Adequacy of Laboratory Facilities Quality of Maintenance Adequacy of Sampling and Testing Program Adequacy of Plant Design 3.4 Individual On-Site Facilities ~.5 Solid Waste Management 3.6 Infiltration/Inflow Study H2M CORP. HOLZMACFIER, McI. ENDON and MURRELL, P.C. 3.0 Assessment of Current Situation 3.1 Existing Conditions in the Planning Area 3.1.1 Planning Area Description 3.1.1.1 General The 1975 population in the Town of Southold study area was 18,1S9. The year 199S population, predicted by the Nassau-Suffolk Regional Planning Board is 28,996. With the exception of the Village of Greenport, all wastes are discharged via sub-surface cesspools or leaching systems. Groundwater on the Southold peninsula (North Fork of Long Island) is entirely supplied by rainfall. The ground water aquifers are shallow lenses underlain by brackish water. The peninsula has severe water quality problems, caused in part by concentrations of farming areas in the main recharge areas such as nitrate-nitrogen concentration in excess of 10 mg/1. Other water quality problems also exist, such as salt water intrusion and high concentrations of iron in the ground water. Areas along the shoreline have no public water supply and suffer severe water quality problems. Areas north of and adjacent to Greenport have contaminated ground waters which have required extension of public water supply from the Village. These problems are due to excess fertilization and septic tank/cesspool discharges. 3-1 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. Present development and future growth dictates considera- tion of both structural and non-structural alternatives for management of the water resource to preserve the unique agrecultural-recreational character of the peninsula. Scavenger wastes are presently disposed of by open dumping at the Town Landfill located in Cutchogue. Since this land- fill lies above the crest of the ground water aquifer, leachate can easily flow horizontally throughout the shallow aquifers. The bodies of water surrounding the planning area are classified as shellfishing waters. Figure 5-1 shows those areas within the planning area that are closed to shellfishing. These areas are tabulated in Table 3-1. Shellfishing waters are closed as a resulting of finding a high coliform count in the surface water body. Closing can be due to sewage discharges, inadequate disinfection of treated municipal sewage, storm water runoff and other non- point sources. In addition, safety zones in the vicinity of a sewage treatment plant outfall line or a docking facility are required in order to insure safety in the marketing of a raw food product. 3-2 mm OF -< m m z -o 0 ~0 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3- 1 AREAS WITHIN THE TOWN OF SOUTHOLD CLOSED TO SHELLFISHING* LONG ISLAND SOUND All that area lying within a one-half mile radius of the sewer outfall located offshore at Inlet Point and serving the Greenport Sewage Treatment Plant. GREBNPORT HARBOR All that area, including tributaries, lying north and west of a line extending northeasterly from the northeastern corner of the Long Island Railroad dock at Greenport Sta- tion (local name) to the southern end of the breakwater at Youngts Point. SCHOOLHOUSE CREEK All that area including Schoolhouse Creek (local name) be- ing the creek located northerly of Orchard Street (local name) in New Suffolk, lying west of a line extending norther- ly from the eastern end of the rock jetty which projects off the shoreline immediately south of the creek (local landmark) to the eastern end of the dock which projects off the shore- line immediately north of the creek (local landmark). HASHAMOI~FOC K POND All that area of Long Creek, including tributaries, lying west of a'line extending southerly from the red brick chim- ney on the house (painted red in April 197S) located at 99 Hill Creek Drive, Southold, to a monument on the oppo- site shore. ~TTITUCK INLET All that area of Mattituck Creek, Long Creek and tributaries thereof, south of a line extending westerly from the dock on the premises of Morton Phillips (April 1975) located at the intersection of Brower Road and West View Drive, Matti~ tuck, to the southernmost side of the red beach house on the premises of Norbert Falzon (April 1975) located on the opposite shoreline. *Source: Revised Draft - Water Quality Hanagement Plan Long Island - Atlantic Ocean, Dec. 1976 3-4 ! I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. 3.1.1.2 Planning Area Boundaries The Town of Southold is located on the portion of the northerly peninsula known as easterly 20 mile the North Fork, at the easterly end of Suffolk County, Long Island. The Town of Southold is bounded on the north by the Long Island Sound, on the south by the Peconic and Gardiner Bays and on the west by tile Town of Riverhead. (See Figure 3-2.) The planning area com- prises 28,883 acres, or 45.1 square miles entirely within the Town of Southold. The Town of Southold also includes Robins, Gull and Plum Islands in Peconic Bay, and Fisher's Island in the Long Island Sound, however these areas are not part of this study area of facility plan. New York State Route 25 and Sound Avenue (a Suffolk County Road) provide access through the planning area. The Long Island Railroad provides passenger and freight service east to the Inc. Village of Greenport. 3-5 0 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. 5.1.1.$ Political Jurisdictions The Town Board, Town of Southold and Village Board of Trustees, Inc. Village of Greenport are the two political entities having political jurisdictions within the planning area. The unincorporated areas of the planning area are as ~ollows: 1. Mattituck 8. 2. Cutchogue 3. New Suffolk 4. Little Hog Neck S. Great Hog Neck 6. Stirling 7. Oregon See Figure 3-5 the Town of Southold within for location Laurel (escept for 700 acres which are in the Peconic River Drainage Basin) 9. East Marion 10. Orient 11. Orient Point 12. Peconic 13. Southold of these communities. The Town of $outhold is governed by a Town Board comprised of four councilmen, a supervisor and a representative from Fishers Island Who are elected officials. The Inc. Village of Greenport is a political subdivision within the Town of Southold, and is the largest center of commercial activity within the Town as well as having the largest population concentration within the planning area. The Inc. Village of Greenport is governed by a Village Board of Trustees comprised of four trustees and a mayor who are elected officials. 5-7 I I I I I I FIGURE STUDY AREA COMMUNITY BOUNDARIES WITHIN THE PLANNING AREA TOWN OF SOUTHOLD - INC. VILLAGE OF GREENPORT WASTEWATER FACILITIES STUDY HOLZMACHER, McLENDON & MURRELL, RC. /H 2 M CORP. MEtVILLa. N.Y. CONSULTING ENGINEERS. PLANNERS and ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTISTS I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I '1 I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELI., P.C. 3.1.1.4 Topography The planning area lies within the Coastal Plain Physio- graphic Province which extends the entire length of the eastern seaboard of Continental United States. The Long Island Sound basin, Long Island and its present topographical features and surficial deposits were produced largely by the advance of a part of the Huron-Ontario Lobe of the Laurentide ice sheet during the most recent (Wisconsin) glaciation. Figure 3-4 shows the topographic contours of the planning area. The Harbor Hill end moraine which lies partially within Southold Town was formed during an episode of this glaciation in which the ice sheet retreated and then advanced again pushing rock and sand ahead of it. This moraine, which follows the north- eastward-trending peninsula along the shore of Long Island Sound and a glacial outwash plain are the predominant topographi- cal features in the planning area. [1] Blocks of ice that were wholly or partially buried in the moraine melted after the retreat of'the ice front and provided passageways across the ridge for melt water flow. Thus, after the glacial episode and subsequent rise in sea level, Southold peninsula was a series of five islands that have since been joined by littoral drift and lagoon deposits. Today the peninsula is still naturally divided by salt water ponds, marshes and inlets into six distinct areas. Excluding the present islands, Southold Town contains $0.7 miles of shoreline. [2] 3-9 ,I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P,C, The north shore of Southold Town is relatively rugged with a prominent ridge lying near the shore. This ridge is broken by marked depressions at Mattituck Creek, Hashamomuck Pond, Dam Pond and Peconic (Goldsmiths) Inlet. Most parts of this ridge are more than $0 feet above sea level and west of Mattituck inlet reaches a height of over 160 feet which is the maximum elevation in the planning area. [1] In the far eastern areas of the peninsula erosion has removed most of this ridge. Erosion by Long Island Sound waters has also ~emoved much of the ridge material all along the northern shore leaving steep bluffs from 20 to SO feet high and narrow beaches strewn with cobbles and boulders. A gently rolling outwash plain with numerous shallow depressions extends from the ridge along the north shore to the south shore with a grade of 20 to 50 feet per mile. This outwash plain contains a large number of marsh and swamp deposits and kettle ponds which were formed by the melting of ice blocks buried in the outwash deposits. The southern shore of the peninsula is very irregular and marked by numerous salt water embayments and wetlands. The only extensive wetland areas along the northern shore are at Hattituck and Peconic (Goldsmiths) Inlet. [3] The deepest and best harbor in Southold Town is on the south shore at Greenport. Beaches and spits made up of well sorted clean quartz sand form the remainder of the southern shoreline. The 3-11 ! I '1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. most prominent spit is Long Beach, extending four miles south-westward from Orient Point. Little Hog Neck and Great Hog Neck jutting Southward from the peninsula are largely separated from it by salt marshes and inlets. Host of the area of the necks are similar to the rolling plain of the central 'peninsula except that they have somewhat greater relief. The numerous hills on the necks range in altitude from about 50 to 70 feet above sea level. [1] There are no permanent streams in the planning area although there are numerous stream channels that carry runoff into bays along the southern shore during and after heavy storms. Most of Southold Town consists of cropland and vegetation, the remaining parts consist mostly of marsh grasses, beach and dune grasses, shrubs and bushes. deciduous forests and some conifers cover been cleared. Stands of mixed areas that have not REFERENCES [1] [2] [3] [4] Crandell, H.C., Geology and Ground Water Resources of the Town of Southold~ Suffolk County, New York, USGS Water Supply Paper 1619-GG, 1963. Davies, D.S., et al, Erosion of the North Shore of Lon~ ISland, Marine Sciences Research Center Tech. Report No. 18, Stony Brook, N.Y. O'Connor, Joel S. and Orville Terry, The Marine Wetlands o£ Nassau and Suffolk Countiest New York, Marine Sciences Research Center, Stony Brook, N.Y., April 1972. Warner, John, et al, Soil Survey of Suffolk Countyt New York, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil ConServation Service, 1975. 3-12 I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. $.1.1.$ Climate and Precipitation The planning area lies within the northern temperate belt and has a climate that is the result of both continental and maritime influences. The air masses and weather systems affecting the planning area have their origin principally over the North American Continent but are in turn moderated and affected by the adjacent waters of Long Island Sound, Peconic Bay, Block Island Sound and the Atlantic Ocean. Characteristics of Southold's climate that are the result of maritime.influences are: [SI 1. Heavy precipitation in fall, winter and spring, with a dry spell commonly occurring in the summer. 2. Extended period of above-freezing temperatures. 3. Reduced range of diurnal and annual temperatures. (Moderating effect). 4. High humidity. The mean annual temperature in the planning area is about SI°F. (ll°C.), a few degrees higher than the mean annual temperature for New York State. The average minimum monthly temperatures occur in February with a range of about 28~F. to 52~F. (-2°C to 0°C.) and the average maximum monthly temperatures occur in July with a range from about 69~F. to 7SoF. (20~C. to 24°C.). Table 5-2 lists the daily maximum and minimum temperatures taken at Riverhead, Suffolk County, New York. 3-13 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. The average freeze free growing season in Suffolk County is about 200 to 210 days per year. This is the longest freeze free growing season for any County in New York State and is the result of the moderating affect of the adjacent waters. [5] Table 3-3 lists the average monthly and annual temperatures taken at the Greenport powerhouse from 1966 to 1976. The mean annual precipitation for Southold Town ranges from about 41 to 50 inches (104.1 to 127.0 cm) per year and varies considerably throughout the planning area. Table 5-4 shows the monthly and annual inches of precipitation for ten stations in the study area and for three nearby stations for the years 1958 and 1959. The precipitation regime in Southold Town is characterized by increased precipitation in the months of March, August, November and December with a brief dry spell occurring in the summer. the precipitation in inches taken at the from 1964 to 1976, including the drought Table 3-5 lists Greenport powerhouse years of 1964 through 1966. Figure 3-5 shows the mean annual precipitation contours the planning area for the water years 1951 through 1965. The winter precipitation in the planning area is largely caused by iow pressure systems which generally move northeast- ward along the Atlantic coast; eastward along the St. Lawrence River Valley; or northeastward along the western side of the Appalachian Mountains. The strong northeasterly winds around these Iow pressure areas commonly cause high winds along the in 3-14 I I I I I I I I I I '1 I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. HONTH January February March April May June July August September October November December Ref: Suffolk TABLE 3-2 MEAN ANNUAL TEMPERATURE AVERAGE DAILY B~XI~M °F. °C. 38 3 39 4 46 8 58 14 69 21 78 26 83 28 81 27 75 24 65 18 54 12 42 6 County Soil 3-15 Survey, AVERAGE DALLY MINIH~4 °F. °C. 24 -4 25 -4 31 ~1 39 4 49 9 58 14 64 18 64 18 57 19 48 9 38 3 28 -2 1975. H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. MONTH Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. NOV. Dec. TABLE 3-3 AVERAGE TEHPERATURES (OF.) RECORDED AT VILLAGE GREBNPORT POWERHOUSE (ELEVATION 16 FT.) OF 1977 1976 1974 1973 1972 1969 1968 1967 1975 36.5 33 7 37 6 44.6 59 S 67.0 73.9 72.8 63.6 58.9 50.9 37.2 31.3 33.1 .... -- 31.2 -- 32.2 -- 42.6 35.2 36.9 47.1 49.2 41.7 49.5 55.8 56.1 56.7 59.7 65.2 68.9 64.1 65.6 72.8 73.5 72.6 -- 75.5 74.2 71.0 76.4 65.6 66.0 66.2 67.1 51.9 57.2 51.6 58.8 47.1 46.6 43.8 -- 38.1 40.0 57.8 -- 22.7 27.7 36.7 36.3 41.8 41.2 49 7 SI.1 59 8 57.2 65 6 69.3 74 0 72.0 73 3 71.6 66 1 65.2 SS 8 52.8 48 7 42.6 -- 30.8 Avg. -- Sl,S 53.0 -- 53.2 -- 25.1 35.5 26,6 26.0 39.2 32.4 49.6 43.8 S4 3 49.2 64 2 64.6 74.2 69.2 71 8 68.7 67 7 63.4 58 8 56.1 48 4 42.0 -- 37.2 -- 49.3 *Temperatures were not recorded during 1970 and 1971. Ref: Climatological Data, National Oceanographic ~ Atmospheric Administration 3-16 1966 27.8 30.4 38.5 43 7 52 9 65 6 72 0 70.5 62 3 52 4 45 S 37 1 49.9 TABLE 3-4 PRECIPITATION IN INCHES DURING 1958 AND 1959 AT TEN STATIONS IN THE PLANNING AREA AND AT THREE NEARBY STATIONS DATE MATTI - MATTI - TUCK TUCK CUT- INLET WEST CHOGUE N.Y. N.Y. N.Y. EAST GREEN- PECO- SOUTH- MAR- GREEN- PORT ORIENT ORIENT NIC OLD ION PORT NnRTH POINT VILLAGE N.Y. N.Y. N.Y. N.Y. N.Y. N.Y. N.Y. NEARBY STATIONS NEW BRIDGE LON~ PLUM HAMP- DON ISLAND TON GROTON N.Y. N.Y. CONN. 1958 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 7.02 7.60 7.28 1.75 3.37 3.35 4.22 4.65 4.05 5.72 5.59 5.08 5.34 6.04 5.62 1.88 1.78 2.18 2.85 3.27 3.60 6.73 6.11 5.68 4.21 3.81 4.39 6.75 6.74 5.59 2.72 2.61 2.39 2.06 2.15 2.26 TOTAL 51.25 58.72 51.47 8.75 7.10 6.88 7.62 -- 7.39 4.49 2.70 2.33 2.05 -- 3.25 5.23 4.61 4.19 4.46 -- 4,80 5.98 6.75 7.81 5.30 -- 6.23 5.61 5.45 5.36 4.81 -- 4.22 1.79 1.43 1.77 1.61 1.78 1.46 2.83 3.58 4.00 3.50 3.52 3.93 5.57 5.45 6.04 5.60 6.34 5.53 4.79 5.73 5.45 5.00 6.04 4.39 3.80 7.08 5.88 5.73 5.81 4.88 2.63 2.01 2.20 2.24 2.23 1.95 2.52 1.85 2.94 2.50 2.52 2.35 53.99 53.74 54.85 50.48 _c 50.38 7.77 -- 9.25 9.68 2.70 -- 5.48 4.33 5.13 -- 7.08 6.29 7.17 -- 5.10 7.38 4.84 -- 5.54 4.49 2.02 -- 1.97 2.75 4.46 -- 3.00 6.82 5.72 -- 6.15 5.96 5.03 -- 5.39 4.79 5.67 4.28 6.55 5.37 2.54 1.37 2.88 2.84 2.54 2.70 3.59 2.51 55.59 61.98 63.21 1959 Jan. 2.18 2.38 2.19 Feb. 2.49 2.27 2.49 Mar. 6.20 -- 5.80 Apr. 4.85 -- 4.10 May 1.34 -- 1.42 June 4.57 -- 5,02 July 7.23 -- 7.48 Aug. 2.23 -- 2.10 Sept. 1.23 -- 0.78 Oct. 4.17 -- 3.41 Nov. 4.67 -- 3.13 Dec. 4.62 -- 3.47 TOTAL 45.78 -- 41.39 2.17 1.93 2.30 2.19 2.20 2.31 2.26 2.10 2.42 2.44 2.79 4.27 2.74 2.88 2.92 2.68 6.49 5.61 6.24 6.11 6.32 5.56 5.91 6.22 4.26 4.71 4.43 4.26 4.57 4.01 4.43 3.70 1.44 1.47 1.54 1.66 1.62 1.35 1.37 1.03 5.09 5.79 5.21 4.86 5.40 5.47 -- 6.24 7.40 7.23 6.33 5.52 6.37 5.52 5.77 5.55 2.72 3.13 3.00 2.43 3.68 2.41 2.87 2.34 1.45 1.10 1.40 1.32 1.34 1.19 1.46 1.48 4.32 4.51 5.19 4.24 4.94 4.45 4.74 4.78 3.68 3.51 3.54 3.73 3.44 3.82 3.96 2.95 4.62 4.49 4.81 3.37 4.74 3.76 4.17 3.70 46.06 45.82 46.78 43.96 47.36 42.73 42.77 6 3 1 3 3 4 2 27 2 76 7 83 4 03 2 59 4 58 85 34 21 96 29 17 46. 88 2.77 3.62 6.81 4.23 1.50 6.76 6.02 2.32 1.65 5.68 4.50 $.11 50.97 PEF.: USGS Water Supply Paper 1619-GG, 1963. ,3-17 I I I I I I I I I I ! I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, PoC. TABLE 3-5 TOTAL PRECIPITATION IN INCHES RECORDED AT VILLAGE OF GREENPORT POWERHOUSE (ELEVATION 16 FEET) MONTH 1977 1976 1975 1974 1973 1972 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965 1964 Jan. 3.08 6.39 5.96 4.09 3.98 2.14 -- 1.05 1.32 3.34 1.18 4.61 Feb. 2.21 2.88 4.54 2.10 2.99 5.31 2.96 0.40 2.05 3.87 2.67 3.65 Mar. 5.02 2.99 3.34 4.26 3.93 4.49 2.72 5.86 5.53 2.15 1.92 2.49 Apr. 3.84 1.87 4.24 3.23 7.21 4.13 4.20 0.94 3.16 1.36 3.45 6.54 Hay 1.95 2.84 3.30 3.33 4.26 4.80 2.38 3.40 7.25 6.31 2.01 0.86 June 3.82 1.20 4.41 2.72 3.63 8.64 1.44 3.70 3.52 1.67 1.93 1.77 July 1.98 4.28 4.35 0.63 7.89 2.38 5.38 0.65 5.08 0.96 2.94 3.94 Aug. 6.98 10.83 2.16 2.32 3.66 1.04 3.30 2.30 2.67 1.89 2.95 1.32 Sept. 5.31 3.19 5.58 4.38 1.98 3.52 -- 1.08 2.52 5.12 1.93 3.09 Oct. 4~85 5.92 3.11 '2.05 3.42 5.78 2.92 2.55 1.97 3.07 2.03 4.99 Nov. 3.21 0,73 S.11 1.43 2.33 6.98 -- 5.86 3.78 3.71 1.37 2.64 Dec. -- 2.93 3.48 6.16 6.41 6.30 -- 6.33 6.04 3.18 1.56 5.46 Avg. -- 46.05 49.58 36.70 51.69 55.51 -- 34.12 44.89 36.63 25.94 41.36 *Precipitation was not recorded during 1970 and 1971 Ref: Climatological Data, National Oceanographic ~ Atmospheric Administration 3-18 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. coast known as "Northeasters". [4] The average annual snow- fall in the planning area is 26 to 52 inches and the sun shines S0 to SS per cent of the possible time during the winter months. During the summer, much of Southold Town precipitation is attributed to either air-mass thunderstorms or thunderstorms associated with the passage of a cold-front. Tropical storms that affect Long Island are formed over the tropical waters of the Atlantic Ocean, the Carribean or the Gulf of Mexico, and occur with the greatest frequency during the months of June through November. [4] These tropical storms may contribute significant amounts of precipitation to Long Island in either the warm or the cool season. For the period of 1871 through 196S, 16 out of 740 tropical storms that have occurred in the North Atlantic Ocean have crossed Long Island. [4] Although infrequent, tropical hurricanes on Long Island may cause extensive damage due to high wind velocities and increased tides. The prevailing'winds on Long Island during the summer months are from the south or the southwest. REFERENCES [1] IS] Climatological Data~ Annual Summary~ New York, 1966-1976, National OceanOgraphic and Atmospheric Administration. [2] Cohen, Philip, et al, Hydrologic Effects of the 1962-1966 Drought on Long Island~ New York, USGS Water Supply Paper 1879-F, 1969. [5] Crandell, H.C., Geology and Ground Water Resources of the Town of Southold. Suffolk County, New York, USGS Water Supply Paper 161~-GG, 1963. [4] Miller, J.F. and R. H. Frederick, The Precipitation Regime of Long Island, New York, USGS Professional Paper 627-A, 1969. [5] Warner, John, et al, Soil Survey ef Suffolk County. New York, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1975 3-20 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. $.1.1.6 Geology There are no surficial deposits or geological formations cropping out in the planning area that are older than Pleistocene although older unconsolidated deposits lie between the upper Pleistocene glacial deposits and bedrock. Figure 3-6 shows the surficial formations in the planning area and Figure 5-7 is a generalized geological cross-section of the same area. Table 5-6 lists the formations shown in the geological cross-section and gives some general characteristics and water bearing properties of these units. Bedrock in the planning area lies approximately $$0 to 650 feet below mean sea level in the western and eastern ends of the study area. [1] The bedrock has a slope of about 80 feet per mile to the southeast and consists of crystalline schists and gneisses of probable Precambrian age. The Lloyd sand member of late Cretaceous age was deposited directly on the Precambrian bedrock and consists of beds of coarse quartz sand and gravel, fine sand, clay and clayey sand. As with all the unconsolidated and semi-consolidated deposits of Cretaceous and Quaternary age resting on this bedrock, the Lloyd sand was probably eroded from elevated areas of the same bedrock surface north of Southold. The Lloyd member grades upward into the Raritan clay member and is predominantly gray clay and silty clay. This clay member is of very low permeability and acts as a separating unit between the highly permeable Lloyd sand and the overlying Magothy formation. [1] 3-21 ,? I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Ref. USGS Water Supply Paper 1619-GG, 1963. *4O 400 · Approx. /Salt Water- Fresh Water Interface GENERALIZED ISOMETRIC GEOLOGICAL CROSS SECTION OF THE SOUTHOLD pENINSULA TOWN OF SOUTHOLD WASTEWATER FACILITIES STUDY HOLZMACHER, McLENDON & MURRELL,RC. JH2M CORP. CONSULTING ENGINEERS. PLANNERS and ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTISTS - INC. VILLAGE Of GREENPORT MELVILLE. N.Y. FAIl MINGOALE. N.Y. NEWTON. N ~. GEOLOGIC TABLE 5-6 FORMATIONS UNDERLYING SOUTHOLD TO~SHIP, - SUFFOLK COUNTY~ N.Y. SYSTEM SERIES GEOLOGIC FO~4ATION OR UNIT ESTIMATED THICKNESS (FEET) LITHOLOGIC PROPERTIES WATER-BEARING PROPERTIES Quaternary Cretaceous Upper Creta- ceous Precambrian(?) Recent Shoreline, dune 5 0-20~ marsh deposits. Pleistocene Upper Pleistocene 200~ deposits. Unconformity? Gardiners(?) Clay 0-20+ Unconformity Post-Rat!tan de- posits. (Magothy) Unconformity Clay member. Lloyd sand member. Unconformity Crystalline rocks. 200+ 180+ 100+ Beach ~ dune sand ~ gravel. Marshy areas contain sand, silt ~ clay mixed with plant material. Stratified ~ unstratified sand ~ gravel. May be mixed with clay or contain thin beds of clay. Gray ~ grayish-brown clay sandy clay. White, gray ~ pink fine to medium sand mixed with silt ~ clay; some beds of coarse sand, gravel ~ clay. Gray, white, red ~ black silt ~ clay; and some lenses of sand ~ gravel. Gray sand ~ gravel, beds of red, white clay ~ silt. and some ~ gray Probably granite ~ gneiss. Beach deposits yield small supplies of fresh water from very shallow depths. Contains salt water in lower part. Stratified deposits highly permeable. Upper part con- tains fresh water. Chief source of fresh ground water in Southold. Lower part prob- ably contains salt water. Permeability generally low. Locally may form a confining unit. Includes several permeable, but salt water-bearing zones. Low permeability; an exten- sive confining unit. Good water-bearing unit, but contains brackish or salty water beneath eastern South- old; may contain some fresh water in western Southold. Low permeability; not an aquifer. Ref: USGS Water Supply Paper 1619-GG (1965). 3-24 I I I I I H2M CORP, HOLZMACHER, McLENOON and MURRELL, P.C. An unconformity separates the Magothy and the Raritan formations. The Magoth¥ formation consists of fine sand, silt, layers of clay and scattered beds of coarse sand and gravel. Both the Lloyd sand member and the Magothy formation produce fresh water wells for most other areas of Long Island but in the Southold peninsula the water contained in them is too saline for domestic use. IS] The upper surface of the Magothy was dissected by streams and ice into a hilly terrain of moderate relief during the tertiary and possibly early quarternary. This eroded surface formed another unconformity that separates the Magothy from the overlying Pleistocene deposits. A discontinuous clay deposit is exposed at several points along the north shore line at the eastern end of the Southold peninsula and is generally thought to be the Gardiners clay because of its appearance and strata- graphic position. In other parts of Long Island this inter- glacial marine deposit directly overlies the Magothy although well logs from Southold Town indicate that it was probably moved to its present position by ice-shove and does not under- lie the Southold peninsula. Another formation common to the stratigraphic section of Long Island that is not found in the planning area is the Jameco gravel. This unit usually has a stratigraphic position between the Magothy and the Gardiners clay. -25 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I '1 I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. The Upper Pleistocene glacial deposits in the planning area were laid down directly over the eroded surface of the Magothy and consist of sand and gravel deposits with local clay lenses. These glacial deposits mantle all the older deposits and form the present surficial deposits and morphologic features. Historically ~hese deposits formed a number of separate islands that have since been joined by accretion due to littoral drift and erosion from the land-mass. Two types of material of different geologic origin are recognized in these deposits: [3] 1. Till or unstratified drift - commonly a hetero- genous mixture of clay, sand and boulders deposited from glacial ice and poorly sorted. This material was part of the original terminal moraine and ground moraine of the glacier. The amount of till in Southold's glacial deposits is negligible compared to the strati- fied or semi-stratified drift. 2. Outwash deposits or stratified or semi-strati- fied drift!- this material was deposited from glacial melt water and consists of moderately to well sorted deposits of medium to coarse sand with some gravel and clay lenses. A somewhat discontinuous clay, probably of late Pleistocene age occurs in many areas along the south shore of the planning area. This clay lies under several feet of soil and in some 3-26 I I I I I I I I I I I ,I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. places, under stratified sand and gravel. Well logs indicate that it ranges in thickness £rom 5 to 60 feet and extends northward for approximately one-quarter mile, except just west of Greenport where it extends nearly to the north shore. [1] The Upper Pleistocene deposits in the planning area have very good water-bearing properties and essentially all of Southold Town's fresh water supply ±s derived from its upper part. Additional data on the hydrology of the Southold peninsula will be discussed in Section 5.1.8 (Ground Water Sources). REFERENCES [1] Crandell, H.C., Geology and Ground Water Resources of the Town of Southold. Suffolk Count¥~ New York, USGS Water Supply Paper 161~-GG, 1965. [2] Fuller, M.L., Geology of Long Island, New York, USGS Prof. Paper 82, 1~14. [5] Hof£man, J.F., Hydrology of the Shallow Ground Water Reser- voir of the Town of Southold~ Suffolk Count¥~ New York, New York Dept. of Environmental Conservation, Water Resources Commission, Bull. GW-45, 1961. [4] Suter, Russell, et al, Mapping of Geologic Formations and Aquifers of Long Island~ New York, NYS Water Power ~ ContrOl Comm. Bull., GW-18, 1949. [SI Woodward-Clyde Consultants, Assessment of Geohydrologic Conditions. North Fork and Shelter Island, New York, NSRPB 208 ~eport, November 1976. 5-27 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. 3.1.1.7 Surface and Subsurface Conditions Geologically'the soils of Southold Township are relatively young, beginning their formation when the last glacier receded approximately ll,000 years ago. The climate and vegetation throughout Long Island have been fairly uniform in the past and most of the parent material has been exposed to soil forming processes for about the same length of time. In Suffolk County local differences in the soils are mainly the result of variations in parent material and differences in relief. [4] Soils have developed in all the materials deposited directly by the glaciers. dunes and organic deposits in them. In some areas of Some recent deposits such as sand (peat) do not have any soils formed Southold Town, very stable dunes and beach deposits are showing the first vestige of soil formation by the accumulation of organic matter in the upper 2 or 3-inches. ' A soil association is a landscape that has a distinctive proportional pattern of soils. It normally consists of one or more major soils and at least one minor soil and is named for the major soils. The soils in one association may occur in another but in a different pattern. Soils in any one association ordinarily differ in slope, depth, stoniness, drainage and other characteristics affecting their management. 3-28 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. are: The three major soil associations in the Town of Southold 1. Carver-Plymouth-Riverhead Association: Deep, rolling, excessively drained and well drained, coarse textured and moderately coarse textured soils on moraines. 2. Haven-Riverhead Association: Deep, nearly level to gently sloping, well drain~d, medium textured and moderately coarse textured soils on outwash plains. 3. Dune Land-Tidal Marsh-Beaches Association: Sand dunes, tidal marshes and beaches of the barrier beach and south shore. Figure 3-8 shows the soil associations in the Town of Southold. These major soil associations are further subdivided into 29 minor soil types that are differentiated from one another by many factors such as texture, moisture retention, depth to water 'table, drainage fertility, etc. The soil types that may be found in the Town of Southold are shown in Table 3-7. Detailed soil maps of Southold Town taken from the publication "Soil Survey of Suffolk County, New York" U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 197S may be found in the appendix. The soils on these maps are further subdivided by slope as shown in Table 3-8. 3-29 tlc, TABLE 3-? SOILS OF SOUTHOLD TOWNSHIP (1) BEACHES (Bc) Beaches are made up of sandy, gravelly or cobbly areas between water at mean sea level and dunes or escarpments. Slope is nearly level in most areas. All the beaches along Long Island Sound are very gravelly and cobbly. A few very large boulders that rolled down from the adjoining bluffs of the Harbor Hill Moraine are present. In most places beaches on the bays are sandy, but varying amounts of gravel are mixed with the sand. These areas are not suited to farming. Measures should be taken to control erosion to keep the beach wide enough to protect the nearby dunes or uplands. (2) BERRYLAND MUCKY SAND (Bd) This is the only Berryland soil mapped in the County. This wet soil is throughout the County along the margins of tidal marshes, ponds, creeks and streams. Areas of this soil generally are small and round or long and narrow. The hazard of erosion is slight on this Berryland soil. The very high water table in this soil severly limits it for both farm and non-farm uses. A lack of suitable outlets hakes this soil very difficult to drain. Most areas can be used as habitat for some types of wildlife. None of this soil has been cleared. Most areas are in brush Or trees. (3) CANADICE SILT LOAM (Ca) This is the only Canadice soil mapped in the County. It is mainly in one large continuous area near Greenport. Slope is 3 per cent or less. The hazard of erosion is slight on this soil. The soil must be artificially drained for successful production of commonly grown crops, but a lack of suitable outlets makes artificial drainage difficult. Because of-wetness, most areas of this soil have been left as woodland. (4) C~RVER SERIES (Cp) The Carver series consists of deep, excessively drained, coarse-textured soils. These soils are nearly level to steep and are throughout~the County on rolling moraines and broad outwash plains. Slopes range from 0 to 35 per cent. Native vegetation is white oak, black oak, scrub oak and pitch pine. Carver soils have very low available moisture capacity. Natural fertility is very Iow. The response of crops to applications of lime and fertilizer is fair. Permeability is rapid throughout. The root zone is mainly in the uppermost 30 to 40-inches. CUT AND FILL LAND (Cu) Cut and fill land is made up of areai that have been altered in grading operations for housing developments, shopping centers and similar non,farm uses. Generally, the initial grading consists of cuts and fills for streets or parking lots. During this phase,~excess soil material is stockpiled for final grading and top-dressing around houses or other buildings. The soil material that remains after grading operations are completed has low available moisture capacity, is droughty, and is low to very low in natural fertility. The areas of cut and fill land have severe limitations to use in establish- ing and maintaining lawns and landscaping. The area are not suited to farming operations because of the alternation of existing soil material and the presence of buildings and other works of man. 3-31 TABLE 5-7 (CONT'D.) (6) DEERFIELD SAND {De) This is the only Deerfield soil mapped in the County. This soil is between areas of somewhat poorly drained soils and well drained or excessively drained soils at slightly higher elevations. Slopes are 3 per cent or less and are slightly concave in places. Most areas of this soil are small. The hazard of erosion is slight. This soil is fairly well suited to crops commonly grown in the country. It is seasonally too wet or too dry in the root zone. Natural fertility is low. Small areas of Deerfield sand have been cleared for farming. Generally this soil has been left in woodland with adjoin- ing areas of wetter soils; however, many areas in the southwestern part of the County have been filled and are used as sites for housing developments. In some places slab-type construction has been used without filling. (7) DUNE LAND {Du) Dune land is made up of mounds or small hills of sand that have been piled up by wind. No soil horizons have formed in this sandy material. Dune areas are along Long Island Sound and the bays at the east end of the Sound. Slope ranges from 1 to $S per cent. Vegetation is sparse in some areas, but other areas have a thick cover of pine. Included with this land type in mapping are low-lying, nearly level areas between dunes where ground water is at a depth of 18 to inches in places. Also included are a few small, blown-out areas along the north shore. In these places sand dunes have migrated into the woodland surrounding the blowout. Dune land is suitable only for use as wildlife habitat or recreation. It should be stabilized and left undisturbed to provide protection from storms and high tides. Structures on sand dunes are subject to damage from coastal storms. (8) ESCARPMENTS {Es) Escarpments are made up of bluffs that have slopes greater than 55 per cent. Most areas are along the north shore, but a few are near Peconic Bay. The soil horizons have not formed in this actively eroding material. Except for a few scattered areas, this unit is devoid of vegetation. Generally the slopes are uniform with very little dissection. Height of the escarpments ranges from about 20 ft. to more than 100 feet. The material in the escarpments along the north shore is sand and many escarpments hav~ large boulders embedded in the soil,"which roll to the beach as the escarpment erodes. Escarpments are used by some species of songbirds. Where possible, slopes should be stabilized to reduce erosion. (9) FILL' LANDt'IYREDGEDMATERIAL (Fd) Fill land, dredged material, is made up of areas that have been filled with material from hydraulic or mechanical dredging operations. These operations are used mainly to widen or deepen, boat channels in salt water; however, some dredged material has been obtained from new channels cut into tidal marshes. Fill land, dredged material, is not suited to farming. Areas are satisfactory for building sites where the fill is adequate and if the highly compressible organic layers in the tidal marshes are removed prior to filling. Areas where the fill is placed on marshes containing thick organic layers are likely to be unstable and need onsite investigation~before building on them. Droughtiness, low fertility and high salt content, severely limit the establishment of lawns and other landscape plantings. Cesspools do not function properly where the ground water is at a shallow depth. (10) FILL LAND~ SANDY (Fs) Fill land,.sandy, is made up of areas where sandy fill material has been placed on somewhat poorly drained, poorly drained or very poorly drained soils to provide building sites. In places thin layers of loam or silt loam soil material are in the sandy fill. The thickness of tile fill ranges from about 1=1/2 to 20 feet; however, thickness generally is about 4 to 10 feet. Slopes are mostly nearly level, but range to 8 per cent where areas are graded around buildings. The sources 3-32 TABLE 3-7 (CONT'D.) of fill material used in this unit are variable; consequently, the fills are a heterogeneous mixture of sand and gravel that contain varying amounts of finer soil material. In places portions of fills have been made by using non-soil mate- rials. Fill land, sandy is mostly along the waterfront and is used as building sites. It is not suited to most other uses. Onsite investigation is needed to determine the suitability of individual areas for building sites. Because of droughtiness on thicker fills and low fertility of most fill material, limitations are severe on this land type for establishing and maintaining lawns and landscaping. Ground water pollution is a hazard where thinner fills provide little or no filter material between the bottoms of cesspools and the water table. (11) GRAVEL PITS (Gp) Gravel pits are open excavations that have been made for the purpose of mining sand and gravel. These pits range in depth from 8 or 10 feet to more than 100 feet. The sides of the pits generally are left nearly vertical, and the bottoms are level. Abandoned pits are not suited to farming. Most of these areas are in a cover of native vegetation. Houses have been built in some of the larger pits. (12) HAVEN SERIES (Ha, He) The Haveff series consists of deep, well drained, medium textured soils that formed in.a loamy or silty mantle over stratified coarse sand and gravel. These soils are present throughout the County, but most areas are on outwash plains between the two terminal moraines. Slopes range from 0 to 12 per cent, but they generally are 1 to 6 per cent. Native vegetation consists of black oak, white oak, red oak, scrub oaks and pitch pine. Haven soils have high to moderate avail- able moisture capacity. Reaction is strongly acid to very strongly acid throughout. Natural fertility is low. The re- sponse of crops to lime and fertilizer is good. Internal drainage is good. Permeability is moderate in the surface layer and subsoil and rapid or very rapid in the substratum. (13) MADE LAND (Ma) Made land is made up of areas that are mostly covered with pieces of concrete, bricks, trash, wire, metal and other non-soil material. Some areas are on the surface of the original soil, others are in large holes dug for disposal pur- poses, and still others are in old gravel pits coverted to this use. Included with this unit in mapping are sanitary landfills that have been excavated and subsequently filled with trash and garbage. After these areas are filled, they are covered with several feet of soil material. (14) MONTAUK SERIES (Mf, Mk) The Montauk series consists of ceep, well drained to moderately well drained, moderately coarse textured to medium textured soils that formed in fine sandy loam or in a mantle of silt loam and loam. These soils have a fragipan over a compact firm glacial till. They are on terminal moraines and have the topography characteristic of this landform. Slope ranges from 0 to 1S per cent, but it generally is 3 to 1S per cent. In many places slopes are complex and characterized by closed depressions. Native vegetation is white oak, red oak and scarlet oak. Montauk soils have moderate to high available moisture capacity. Permeability is moderate to moderately rapid in the surface layer and in the upper part of the subsoil and moderately slow in the fragipan and underlying till. On lower slopes the seasonal water table rises to within 2 or 3 feet of the surface. Crop response is good to applications of lime and fertilizer; however, natural fertility is low. 3 -33 TABLE 3-7 (CONT'D.) (15) MUCK (Mu) Muck is made up of very poorly drained organic soils that formed in partly decomposed or almost completely decomposed woody or herbaceous plants. The areas generally are nearly level and occur in the bottom of closed depressions or kettle holes and along a few of the larger streams. A few areas, however, are between tidal marshes and areas of better drained upland soils. Muck is made up of 16 to 48 inches of spongy, black or dark-reddish organic material over loose sand and gravel. The amount of partly decayed plants in the organic layer varies. The water table is at or near the surface most of the year. Several inches of water are on the surface late in winter and in spring. Almost all this land type is in woodland or marsh grass and is better suited to habitat for wetland wildlife than to other uses. (16) PLYMOUTH SERIES (Pl, Pm) The Plymouth 'series consists of deep, excessively drained, coarse textured soils that formed in a mantle of loamy sand or sand over thick layers of stratified coarse sand and gravel. These nearly level to steep soils are throughout the County on broad, gently sloping to level outwash plains and on undulating to steep moraines. Native vegetation con- sists of white oak, black oak, pitch pine and scrub oak. Plymouth soils have low to very low available moisture capacity. Natural fertility is low. The response of crops to lime and fertilizer is fair. Reaction is strongly acid to very strongly acid throughout the profile of most of these soils, but it is strongly acid to medium acid in the lower substratum of soils in the silty substratum phase. Internal drainage is good. Permeability is rapid in all of these soils except in those of the siltyl substratum phase. Permeability is moderate in the silty layer of soil~/in the silty substratum phase. (17) RAYNHAM LOAM (Ra) This is the only Raynham soil mapped in the County. This nearly level soil is in low-lying areas beside marshes and creeks. In many places it forms a transition between poorly drained areas and better drained areas on uplands. It is on outwash plains and moraines. Areas generally are small and irregular. The hazard of erosion is slight on this Raynham soil. If this soil is used for farming, artificial drainage is needed. This soil is not well suited to crops commonly grown in the County unless it is artificially drained. Because of its position on the landscape, it is difficult to locate adequate drainge outlets. Most of the areas of this soil are wooded. This soil is better suited to woodland and to re- creational areas than to other uses. In places, areas of this soil have been filled and used as homesites. As demand for building lots increases, more areas will be filled for use as building sites. (18) RIV~RHEAD SERIBS (Rd, Rh) The Riverhead series consists of deep, well drained, moderately coarse textured soils that formed in a mantle of sandy loam or fine sandy loam over thick layers of coarse sand and gravel. These soils occur throughout the County in rolling to steep areas on .moraines and in level to gently sloping areas on outwas:h plains. These soils range from nearly level to steep; however, they generally are nearly level to gently sloping. Native vegetation consists of black oak, white oak, red oak and scrub oak. Riverhead soils have moderate to high available moisture capacity. Internal drainage is good. Permeability is moderately rapid in the surface layer and in the subsoil and very rapid in the substratum. Natural fer- tility is low. Reaction is strongly acid to very strongly acid throughout. The response of crops to lime and fertilizer is good. In many places where these soils have been farmed, a plowpan iS'in the lower part of the surface layer and in the upper part of the subsoil. I (19) SCIO SERIBS (Sc, Sd) The Scio series consists of deep, moderately well drained, medium textured soils that formed in a mantle of very fine sandy loam, loam or silt loam over coarse sand and gravel or compact glacial till. These soils are throughout the County on moraines and outwash plains. Most areas are on outwash plains. They generally are in low-lying areas between poorly 5-34 TABLE 3-7 (CONT'D.) drained to somewhat poorly drained Raynham soils and better drained Haven soils or in low-lying areas w£thin larger units of well drained Haven soils. Slopes range from 0 to 6 per cent, but they generally are 0 to 2 per cent. Slopes are con- cave in many places. Scio soils have moderate to high available moisture capacity in the root zone. The water table is at a depth of 18 to 24 inches during wet periods, but it is below a depth of 50 inches during dry periods. In the till substratum phase, permeability is moderate in the surface layer and in the upper part of the subsoil and moderately slow in the lower part of the subsoil and in the substratum. In the sandy substratum phase, permeability is moderate in the surface layer and in the subsoil and ra~id in the substratum; however, the water table restricts water movement during periods of wetness. Natural fertility is low. The response of crops to applications of lime and fertilizer is good. (20) SUDBURY SANDY LOAM (Su) This is the only Sudbury soil mapped in the County. This nearly level soil is between areas of more poorly drained soils and adjoining well drained soils of the Riverhead series. In a few places this.soil is in the bottom of closed depressions in large tracts of Riverhead sandy loams. Most areas are small. This soil is well suited to all crops com- monly grown in the County. The only areas that have been cleared for farming are spots isolated in large tracts of well drained soils. Most large areas that are next to soils where drainage is poor are wooded. This soil is used for build- ing sites if it is part of a larger development area. (21) TIDAL MARSH (Tm) Tidal marsh is made up of wet areas that are throughout the County around the borders of calmer embayments and tidal creeks. These level areas are not inundated by daily tide flow, but they are subject to flooding during abnormally ~igh moon or storm tides. The areas range from about two to several hundred acres. Included with this land type in mapping are areas of tidal marsh that adjoin dunes. Sand that blows from the dunes covers these areas. In many of these places, the dunes have completely encircled the marsh, and the marsh is no longer directly connected to a body of salt water. These very poorly drained areas are not suited to any kind of farming. TheM are best suited to use as habitat for cer- tain types of wildlife. (22) URBAN LAND (Ur) Urban land consists of areas that are more than 80 per cent covered by buildings and pavements. Examples are park- ing lots, business districts o£ larger villages, and densely developed industrial parks. Examination and identification of the soils in these areas are impractical. (25) WALPOLE SANDY LOAM (Wd) This is the only Walpole soil mapped in the County. Slopes are $ pet cent or less. It is on the sides of tidal marshes and creeks:, or it is in low-lying areas between poorly drained and somewhat poorly drained soils and well drained soils on uplands. The areas are small, and in places they are long and narrow and are parallel to the water course that they adjoin. The hazard of erosion is slight on this Walpole soil. Because of the seasonal high water table, this soil needs artificial drainage if it is used for farming. Most areas are hard to drain because of difficulty in obtaining suitable outlets. If this soil is drained, it is fairly well suited to most crops. Most of this soil is wooded, but a few small areas are clearmd along with adjoining areas of better drained soils. In the western part of the County, areas of this soil are being filled to provide building sites. Wooded areas are suitable for use as woodland or as habitat for some types of wildlife. 5-35 TABLE 3~7 (CONT'D.) (24) WAREHAM LOAMY SAND (We) This is the only Wareham soil mapped in the County. It is along the margins of tidal marshes and creeks or in low- lying positions around marshes and ponds. Slopes are 3 per cent or less. Areas are small are long and narrow in most places. They are between areas of very poorly drained marshy soils and well drained upland soils. The hazard of erosion is slight on this Wareham soil. Drainage is poor on this soil, and artificial drainage is needed if it is used for farm- ing. Permeability is rapid. Difficulty in locating outlets seriously reduces the feasibility of installing drainage for crop production. This soil is ponded for a short time during prolonged wet periods. Natural fertility is low. This soil is not well suited to most crops. Almost all of this soil is wooded, but a few areas along the south shore are filled and are used as homesites. This soil is well suited to use as woodland or as habitat for wildlife. Ref: Soil Survey of Suffolk County, 197S. 3-36 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. SOIL TYPE TABLE 3-8 SLOPE DESIGNATIONS OF SOIL TYPES Percent Slope Suffix Letter A B C E Cp 0-3 3-15 Ha 0-2 2-6 6-12 Mf 3-8 8-15 Mk 3-8 Pi 0-3 3-8 8-15 Pm - 3-8 8 -15 Rd 0-3 3-8 8 -15 Rh - 0 -8 8 -15 Sc - 2 -6 Sd O-2 2-6 15-35 Thus, a soil type appearing as MfC on the soil map would be a Montauk fine sandy loam with an 8 to 1S per cent slope. Some limitations of soils in the planning area are listed in Table 3-9. Table 3-10 summarizes some of the more important properties related to management of the soils described above. Southold soils that are not included in this table have characteristics that are variable and any proposed use would require an on- site evaluation. [4] Soil investigations provide important data to determine the best use of land for wastewater management alternatives. Soil permeability, depth to seasonal high water table, infiltration rates and moisture retention are important factors 3-37 TABLE 3-9 SOME LIMITATIONS OF SOILS IN THE PLANNING AREA SOIL Beaches Berryland mucky sand Canadice silt loam Carver ~ Plymouth sands, 0 to 3 per cent slopes Carver ~ Plymouth sands, 3 to 1S per cent slopes Carver ~ Plymouth sands, 1S to 35 per cent slopes Cut ~ fill land, gently sloping Cut ~ fill land, sloping Cut ~ fill land, Steep Deerfield sand Dune land Escarpments SEWAGE DISPOSAL FIELDS Severe: high water Severe: prolonged high water table above a depth of 1/2 ft. Severe: slow perme- ability; seasonal high water table at depth of 1/2 to 1-1/2 ft. Slight [2] Slight to moderate[2] slopes in places Severe: slopes [2] PIPELINE LOCATIONS[ii Severe: high water Severe: prolonged high water table above a depth of 1/2 ft. Severe: seasonal high water table at depth of 1/2 to 1-1/2 ft. Severe: stability Severe: stability Severe: stability SANITARY LANDFILL Severe: high water Severe: prolonged high water table above a depth of 1/2 ft. Severe: seasonal high water table at depth of 1/2 to 1-1/2 ft.; hazard of water pollution; texture Severe: rapid permeability; of water pollution f Seyere: rapid permeability; of water pollution Seyere: rapid permeability; of water pollution hazard hazard hazard Slight Severe: stability Severe: rapid permeability; hazard of water pollution Moderate: slopes Severe: stability Severe: rapid permeability; hazard of water pollution Severe: slopes Severe: stability Severe: rapid permeability; hazard of water pollution Moderate: seasonal high water table at depth of 1-1/2 to 2 ft. Moderate: water table within 4 ft. of sur- face in places Severe: stability Severe: stability Severe: rapid permeability; hazard of water pollution Severe: hazard of water pollution Variable; no interpretations made 3-38 TABLE 5-9 (CONT'D.) SOIL SEWAGE DISPOSAL FIELDS PIPELINE LOCATIONS[i] SANITARY LANDFILL Fill land, dredged material Fill land, sandy Gravel pits Haven loam, 0 to 2 per cent slopes Haven loam, 2 to 6 per cent slopes Haven loam, 6 to 12 per cent slopes Haven loam, thick surface layer Made land Montauk fine sandy loam, 0 to 3 per cent slopes Montauk fine sandy loam, 3 to 8 per cent slopes Montauk fine sandy loam, 8 to 1S per cent slopes Montauk silt loam, 0 to 3 per cent slopes Montauk silt loam, 3 to 8 per cent slopes Montauk silt loam, 8 to iS per cent slopes Muck Moderate: water table within a depth of 4 ft. of surface in places Severe: high water table Slight[2] Slight [2] Moderate: slopes[2] Severe: flooded dur- ing prolonged wet periods in places Severe: moderately slow permeability Severe: moderately slow permeability Severe: moderately slow permeability Severe: moderately slow permeability Severe:'moderately slow permeability Severe: moderately Severe: prolonged high water table above depth of 1/2 ft. Severe: stability Severe: hazard of water pollution Severe: stability Severe: hazard of water pollution Variable; no interpretations made Moderate: stability Severe: rapid permeability; of water pollution Moderate: Moderate: stability stability Severe: rapid permeability; of water pollution .? Seyere: rapid permeability; of water pollution Moderate: stability Severe: rapid permeability; of'water pollution hazard hazard hazard hazard Variable; no interpretations made Slight[5] Slight[4] Slight[3] Slight[4] Slight[3] Slight[4] Slight [3] Slight[4] Slight[3] Slight [4] Slight [ $] Slight[4] Severe: prolonged high water table above depth of 1/2 ft. Severe: prolonged high water table above depth of 1/Z ft.; hazard of water pollution 3-39 TABLE 5-9 (CONT'D.) SOIL Plymouth loamy sand~ 0 to 5 per cent slopes Plymouth loamy sand, 5 to 8 per cent slopes Plymouth loamy sand, 8 to 1S per cent slopes Plymouth gravelly loamy sand, $ to 8 per cent slopes, eroded Plymouth gravelly loamy sand, 8 to 1S per cent slopes, eroded Raynham loam Recharge basin Riverhead sandy loam, 0 to 3 per cent slopes Riverhead sandy loam, 5 to 8 per cent slopes Riverhead sandy loam, 8 to 15 per cent slopes Riverhead ~ Haven soils, graded 0 to 8 per cent slopes Riverhead ~ Haven soils, graded 8 to iS per cent slopes Scio silt loam, till substratum 2 to 6 per cent slopes Scio silt loam, sandy substra- tum, 0 to 2 per cent slopes SEWAGE DISPOSAL FIELDS PIPELINE LOCATIONS[ii SANITARY LANDFILL Slight [21 Slight[2] Moderate: slopes[2] Slight[2] Moderate: slopes[2] Severe: moderately slow permeability; seasonal high water table at depth of 1/2 to 1-1/2 ft. Slight[2] Slight[2] Moderate: slopes[2] Slight[2] Moderate: slopes Severe:'moderately slow permeability in substratum Moderate: seasonal high water table at depth of 1-1/2 to 2 ft. Moderate: Moderate: Moderate: Moderate: Moderate: stability stability stability stability stability Severe: seasonal high water table at depth of 1/2 to 1-1/2 ft. Severe: rapid permeability; hazard of water pollution Severe: rapid permeability; hazard of water pollution Severe: rapid permeability; hazard of water pollution Severe: rapid permeability; hazard of water pollution Severe: rapid permeability; hazard of water pollution Severe: hazard of water pollution; seasonal high water table at depth of 1/2 to 1-1/2 ft. Variable; no interpretations made Moderate: stability Severe: rapid permeability; of water pollution hazard Moderate: stability Moderate: stability Moderate: stability Moderate: stability Moderate: seasonal high water t~ble at depth of 1-1~2 to 2 ft. Moderate: seasonal high water t~ble at depth of i-1/2 to 2 ft. Severe: rapid permeability; hazard of water pollution Severe: rapid permeability; hazard of water pollution Severe: rapid permeability; hazard of water pollution Severe: rapid permeability; hazard of water pollution Moderate[4l: seasonal high water table at depth of 1-1/2 to 2 ft. Severe: rapid permeability 3-40 TABLE 5-9 (CONT'D.) SOIL SEWAGE DISPOSAL FIELDS PIPELINE LOCATIONS[l] SANITARY LANDFILL Scio silt loam, sandy substra- tum, 2 to 6 per cent slopes Sudbury sandy loam Tidal marsh Urban land Walpole sandy loam Wareham loamy sand Moderate: seasonal high water table at depth of 1-1/2 to 2 ft. Moderate: seasonal high water table at depth of 1-1/2 to 2 ft. Severe: high water Severe: seasonal high water table at depth of 1/2 to 1-1/2 ft. Moderate: seasonal high water table at depth of 1-1/2 to 2 ft. Severe: rapid permeability Moderate: seasonal high water table at depth of 1-1/2 to 2 ft. Severe: rapid permeability Severe: high water Severe: high water Variable; no interpretations made Severe: seasonal high water table at depth of 1/2 to 1-1/2 ft. Severe: rapid permeability; hazard o£~water pollution; seasonal high water table at depth of 1/2 to 1-1/2 ft. Severe: seasonal Severe: seasonal Severe: rapid permeability; sea- high water table high water table sonal high water table at depth of at depth of 1/2 at depth of 1/2 1/2 to 1-1/2 ft. to 1-1/2 ft. to 1-1/2 ft. NOTES: [1] Stability refers to the tendency of the soils to slough on a ditch 5 ft. deep. [2] Possible pollution hazard to lakes, springs or shallow wells, i [$] The till substratum of these soils is more difficult to excavate than the substratum of most other soils in [4] If the till layer is less than 3 ft., the limitation is severe. the County. Ref: Warner, et al, 19757 3-41 SOME TABLE 3-10 PROPERTIES OF THE SOILS IN THE PLANNING AREA SOIL SERIES & MAP SYMBOLS DEPTH TO SEASONAL HIGH WATER TABLE (FEET) Berryland: Bd 0 1/2 Canadice: Ca 1/2 1-1/2 Carver: CpA, CpC, CpE* >4 Deerfield: De 1-1/2 2 Haven: HaA, HaB, HaC, He >4 Montauk: MfA, MfB, MfC, MkA, MkB, MkC >2 Plymouth: PlA, P1B, P1C, PmB3, PmC3 Raynham: Ra 1/2 - 1-1/2 DEPTH FROM SURFACE (TYPICAL PROFILE) (INCHES) 0 30 30 52 0 18 18 $0 0 22 22 - 60 0 25 25 53 0 19 19 28 28 55 0 27 27 40 40 60 0 27 27 58 0 51 USDA TEXTURE PERMEA- BILITY (INCHES/HOUR) AVAILABLE MOISTURE CAPACITY (INCHES/ INCH OE SOIL) Sand & loamy sand >6.3 0.03 - 0.08 Sand or gravelly sand > 6.3 -- Silt loam or loam REACTION (pH VALUE) Silty clay, silty clay loam, clay loam Fine sand to coarse sand Coarse and to gravelly sand Sand to fine sand or loamy sand Sand to stratified sand ~ gravel 4.5- 5.5 4.5- 5.5 Loam, silt loam ~ very fine .sandy loam Silt loam, very fine sandy loam ~ gravelly loam Gravelly sand, loamy sand, sandy loam or stratifies sand ~ gravel Fine sandy loam, silt loam, loam or sandy loam Sandy loam, fine sandy loam & loamy sand Loamy sand, gravelly loamy sand, sandy loam & fine sandy loam Loamy sand, loamy fine sand, gravelly loamy sand ~i sand Sand 5 gravel, coarse sand ~ gravelly coarse sand Silt loam to very fine. sandy loam 0.63 - 2.0 '0.17 - 0.20 5.1 - 6.0 <0.20 0.13 - 0.17 5.6 - 6.5 > 6.3 0.03 0.04 >6.3 0.02 - 0.04 >6.5 0.04 0.06 >6.3 0.02 0.04 4.5- 5.5 4.5 - 5.5 4.5 - 5.5 4.5 - 5.5 0.63 - 2.0 0.14 0.20 4.5 - 5.5 > 2.0 0.03 0.14 4.5 - S.S > 6.3 0.01 0.04 4.5 - 0.63 - 6.3 0.11 0.63 0.08 0.63 -- 0.20 0.12 6.3 0.04 0.08 6.3 0.02 0.04 0.20 2.0 0.14 - 0.20 4.5- 5.5 4.5 - 5.5 4.5- 5.5 4.5 - 5.5 4.5- 5.5 4.5 - 5.5 3-42 TABLE 3-10(CONT'D.J SOIL SERIES & MAP SY~4BOLS DEPTH TO DEPTH FROM SEASONAL SURFACE HIGH WATER (TYPICAL TABLE PROFILE) (FEET) (INCHES) Riverhead: RdA, RdB, >4 0 32 RdC, ReB, ReC, RpE* 32 65 Scio: ScB 1-1/2 2 0 38 38 61 Scio: SdA, SdB 1-1/2 2 0 35 35 51 Sudbury: Su 1-1/2 - 2 0 24 24 51 Walpole: Wd 1/2 1-1/2 0 26 26 52 Wareham: We 1/2 - 1-1/2 0 26 26 52 USDA TEXTURE Sandy loam to very fine sandy Lo am Sand, loamy sand, gravelly sand & gravelly loamy sand Silt loam & very fine sandy loam Fine sandy loam & gravelly fine sandy loam Silt loam & very fine loam Gravelly sand & sand sandy Sandy loam & fine sandy loam Loamy sand, sand & gravel Sandy loam & fine sandy loam Sand & gravelly sand Loamy sand to sand Sand & gravelly sand PERMEA- BILITY (INCHES/HOUR) AVAILABLE MOISTURE CAPACITY (INCHES/ INCH OF SOIL) 2.0 - 6.3 >6.5 0.11 - 0.1S 0.02 0.07 0.63 - 2.0 0.20 - 0.65 '0.14 - 0.20 0.63 - 2.0 >6.3 0.65 - 6.5 >6,3 2.0 - 6.3 >6.3 2.0 - 6.3 >6.3 0.14 - 0.20 0.12 0.16 0.02 0.06 0.12 0.1S 0.03 - 0.04 0.1Z 0.1S 0.03 - 0.04 REACTION (pH VALUE) 4.5 5.5 4.5 5.5 4.5 5.5 4.5 5.5 4.5 5.5 4.5 S.S 4.5 5.5 4.5 5.5 4.5 5.5 4.5 5.5 4.5 5.5 4.5 5.~5 *For Plymouth part of Carver & Riverhead soils see Plymouth Series. Re(: Soil Survey of Suffolk County (1975). 3 -43 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL. P,C. in determining sites for wastewater disposal through subsurface leaching or land application of treated effluent. [2] Soil permeability and moisture retention are also important factors in assessing the impact of temporary dewatering systems for the installation of sewer pipes. The impact would be most severe in areas where the water table is very close to the surface and the soil is highly permeable and has a low moisture retention capacity. Subsurface conditions such as permeability of the underlying formations and the presence of an impermeable clay strata or lens are important factors in determining sites for certain wastewater management alternatives. An extensive impermeable member close to the surface would not be desirable for an area to be used for land application of treated effluent and surface recharge to ground water. [2] More detailed descriptions of the subsurface geology of the planning area may be found in Section 3.1.1.6 (Geology). REFERENCES [1] Clapham, W.B., Jr., Natural Ecosystems, MacMillan Co., N.Y. 1973. [2] Evaluation of Land Application Systems, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Technical Bulletin, March 1975. [3] Flaw~, Peter T., Environmental Geology, Harper & Row, N.Y. [4] Warner, John, et al, Soil Survey of Suffolk CountT, New York, U.S~ Dept. of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, 1975. IS] Bender, William H., Soils and Septic Tanks, U.S. Soil Conservation Service, Agriculature Information Bulletin 349, 1967. 3-44 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZM~CHER, McLENDON and MURREI..L, P.C. 3.1.1.8 Ground Water Sources A. Ground Water Quantity Ground water provides the only supply of domestic fresh water in the planning area and the only seurce of replenish- ment to this resource is precipitation. Actual recharge to the aquifer in Southold Town is the residual of precipitation less surface runoff and evapotranspiration. Hoffman (1961) suggests that, because of low relief and excellent subsoil drainage of Southold Town, as little as 10 per cent of the annual precipitation is lost to runoff. Holzmacher et al (1970) suggested 5 and 7 per cent as the portion of annual precipitation entering the coastal waters as runoff for those areas west and east of Hashamomuck Pond, respectively. About SO per cent of the precipitation falling on the Southold peninsula is lost due to evapotranspiration. Hoffman (1961) estimated the loss from evapotranspiration in the Southold-Greenport area to be from 21 inches for a 35 inch annual precipitation and up to 26 inches for a 62 inch annual precipitation. Holzmacher et al (1970) summarized the recharge to the ground water reservoir for the Southold peninsula to be about 40 per cent of the annual precipitation. Peninsula Southold is naturally subdivided by salt water ponds, marshes and inlets into at least four separate hydro- logic units as shown on Figure 3-9. Average annual recharge of precipitation for these areas is listed in Table 3-11. 3-45 LIJ I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3-11 AVERAGE ANNUAL RECHARGE OF PRECIPITATION HYDROLOGIC AREA Area West of Mattituck Creek RECHARGE MEAN /SQ.MI. RECHARGE WATER ANNUAL MEAN OF WATER /SQ.MI. BUDGET TOTAL PRECIPI- ANNUAL BUDGET OF TOTAL AREA AREA TATION }~CHARGB AREA AREA (sq.~I.) (Sq.MI.) (~.G.D.) (M.G.D.) (~.G.D.) (~.G.D.) 5 7 10 4 0.8 0.6 Area Between Mattituck Creek ~ Hashamomuck Pond 16 28 35 14 0.9 0.5 Area Between Hashamomuck Pond 61 Orient Harbor 4 7 8 5 0.8 0.4 Area East of Orient Harbor 2 5 4 2 1 0.4 TOWN TOTAL 27 47 55 23 0.9 0.5 Ref: Holzmacher et al, Comprehensive Public Water Supply Study of Suffolk County, 1970. 3-47 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H2NI CORP. HOLZM,~CHER, McLENOON and MURRELL, P.C. All of the available fresh ground water in the planning area is contained in the Upper Pleistocene deposits.t7] The fresh water occurs in a series of irregularly shaped lenses that correspond to the areas in Table 3-11[. These fresh water lenses are bounded both laterally and at depth by glacial de- posits saturated with salty ground water. Unlike most other areas of Long Island water present in the Magothy formation underlying Southold is too saline for domestic use.[g] The specific gravity of the fresh water is less than that of the underlying salt water, causing the fresh water lenses to "float" on the salt water within the land boundaries. Accord- ing to the Ghyben-Herzberg principle fresh water fills the de- posits to a depth at which its head is balanced by the head of the salt water. Accordingly, at equilibrium, the depth of the fresh water below sea level is forty times the height of the water table above sea level. The Ghyben-iHerzberg principle assumes a zone of diffusion of negligible thickness between the fresh and salt water and also assumes hydrostatic equili- brium. Although neither condition is entirely valid for the Southold-Greenport area, Hoffman (1961) and Holzmacher, et al. (1970) showed the 40:1 ratio to be approximately correct for many parts of the Southold peninsula. The water table contour map (Figure 3-9 ) shows the hydro- logic "mounds" that mark the upper limits of the fresh water lenses. The area west of Hattituck Creek is integral with the hydrologic unit for the remainder of Long Island lying to the 3-48 I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. west. The elevation of the water table in the planning area usually ranges from a maximum of slightly less than 8 feet in the interior of the peninsula to one shoreline.[?] The movement of ground water in any part of the peninsula is radially outward from the crests of the foot or less near the Southold ground water contour.[7] The direction and rate of flow depends upon the hydraulic gradient and the permeability of the deposit. The net natural ground water discharge frola the peninsula by lateral outflow to the sea and by evapotranspiration from salt marshes has been estimated by Hoffman (1961) to possibly range from 2,500 to 6,000 million gallons annually. The upper glacial aquifer which supplies all of Southold Town's ground water has a moderate to high hydraulic conductivity although it in- cludes some deposits of clay and clayey till with low hydraulic conductivity. Hoffman (1961) calculated the upper glacial aquifer to have a transmissivity of about 1200,000 gpd/ft., a coefficient of permeability of about 1,000 to 5,000 gpd/sq.ft., and a specific capacity of about 27 gpm/ft. The porosity was estimated to be about 55 per cent. The estimate of transmissi- vity is very similar to that calculated by HcClymonds and Franke (1972) but is much greater than estimates by Holzmacher, et al. (1970) and data from USGS files summlarized by Woodward-Clyde (1976). A more detailed description of the aquifer in the planning area may be found in Section 3.1.1.6 (Geology). 3-49 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOI..ZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. The volume of deposits saturated with fresh water and the estimated volume of fresh ground water in storage in the South- old peninsula has been estimated to be 126,S00 million cubic feet and 206,S00 million gallons, respectively.[7] These figures may be broken down to the separate hydrologic units as shown in Table 3-12. TABLE 3-12 FRESH GROUND WATER IN STOl%AGE IN THE SOUTHOLD PENINSULA HYDROLOGIC AREA West of Mattituck Creek Between Mattituck Creek ~ Hashamomuck Pond Between Hashamomuck Pond ~ Orient Harbor East of Orient Harbor Great Hog Neck Little Hog Neck ESTIMATED VOLUME OF FRESH WATER IN ~QUIFERS (10v CU..FT.) ESTIMATED VOLUME OF FRESH WATER IN pTORAGE (10~ GALS.) 28,200 46,000 82,000 154,000 6,400 10,400 6,400 10,400 2,900 4,700 600 1,000 TOTAL 126,500 206,500 Ref: Crandell (1965) The deleterious effects of sea water contamination of fresh water supplies is an ever present possibility in many areas of Southold.[6] For this reason it is necessary to restrict the 3-50 ! ! H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON andMURRELL, P.C. withdrawal to an amount substantially less than the estimated recharge. Crandell (1965) and Hoffman (1961) recommended that withdrawal from the aquifers should not exceed 30 per cent of the annual accretion. A more recent study by Holzmacher, et al, (1970) estimated the permissive sustained yiald for different areas of Southold Town to range from 12.5 per cent to~20 per cent of the mean annual precipitation. Table 3-13 shows the permissive sustained yields for tile separate hydrologic units of Southold. TABLE 3-13 PEI~ISSIVE SUSTAINED YIELDS FOR SOUTHOLD TOWN HYDROLOGIC UNIT West of Mattituck Creek 2.0 Between Hattituck Creek S.S ~ Hashamomuck Pond Between Hashamomuck Pond 1.0 ~ Orient Harbor East of Orient Harbor 0.5 PERHISSIVE SUSTAINED YIELD [M.G.D.) PERMISSIVE AVERAGE SUSTAINED NET YIELD YIELD (H.G.D./SQ.HI.) (H.G.D.) 0.40 5.4 0.55 10.4 0.25 2.1 0.25 1.1 TOTAL 9.0 -- 17.0 Ref: Holzmacher, et al, 1970. Cohen, et a1.(1969) estimated that the 1962-1966 drought which was the most severe on Long Island in recorded history, 3-51 I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. only decreased the amount fraction of one per cent. of fresh water in storage by a small In Suffolk County a few small capa- I I I city shallow wells became dry and capacity of a few others was decreased due to the drought, but the decreases in total water supply was negligible. In the event of any serious long-term shortage in Southold Town it has been concluded that there is an excess in the Town of Riverhead that may be drawn upon I I I (Malcolm Pirnie, 1967). Table 3-14 lists the estimated daily water usage for South- old Town.~ Historically about three-fourths of the fresh ground water withdrawn from wells in the Town of Southold has been used for irrigation. Irrigation in Southold Township is I I expected to peak before 1980 and decline as development in- creases and farmland is lost.[9] TABLE 3-14 I I I I SUMMARY AND PROJECTION OF AVERAGE DAILY WATER USAGE FOR SOUTHOLD TOWN (IN MILLION GALLONS) USE 1960 1965 1980 2000 Residential, Minor Commer- 1.44 1.67 5.32 9.08 cial 6 Institutional Industrial ~ Major Commer- 0.12 0.14 0.59 0.99 cial Agriculture-public Agriculture-private Agriculture-total TOTAL gallons per capita per day (gpcd) 0.01 0.01 0.12 0.09 3.38 5.64 5.76 4.59 3.39 5.65 5.88 4.68 4.95 7.46 9.79 14.75 314.0 411.4 279.8172.2 Ref: Holzmacher, et al, 1970. 3-52 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. Although ground water levels in the Upper Pleistocene aquifer of Southold Town have remained in equilibrium over the last several decades, future ground water removals from the planning area should be carefully planned. It has been seen that excessive and poorly managed removal of Southold Town's ground water results in local lowering of water table levels and salt water intrusion. ~oodward-Clyde (1976) concluded that estimates of water balances and storage for Southold Town vary because of a lack of detailed aquifer data. Due to the delicate and finite nature of Southold Town's supply of fresh ground water, any wastewater management alternatives for this area should seriously consider recharging wastewater effluent to the aquifer. B. Ground Mater quality Ground water from wells tapping the Upper Pleistocene aquifer is the on.ly source of domestic water supply in the planning area. The quality of water in the shallow upper glacial aquifer varies considerably throughout Southold Town and the total solids and mineral content is much higher than ground water from most other areas on Long Island. As there are no other aquifers in the study area that may be utilized for fresh water supply, water quality of the upper glacial aquifer must be closely monitored for proper management. Most recent and historical ground water quality data is based on data from 11 observation wells maintained by the 3-53 H2M CORP. HOI..ZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. USGS, 35 test wells owned and maintained by the Suffolk County Dept. of Environmental Control, 12 active supply wells owned by the Village of Greenport and one well drilled as part of NSRPB's 208 project.[2] Primary Drinking Water Standards are regulated by the Federal Government (USEPA) and Secondary Drinking Water Stan- dards are under State regulation. Table 3-15 lists the 1962 U.S. Public Health Service Standards, for comparison, along- side the 1977 USEPA Standards. The prevailing water quality of the glacial aquifer in Southold Town is well within the allowable limits of all of the parameters listed in Table 3-15 Parameters that may exceed the permissible limits in some wells are nitrates, chlorides, iron, manganese and sulphate. As most domestic water in Southold Town is returned to the ground water from cesspools or septic tanks, measurable quantities of detergent constituents (MBAS) are present in the ground water. This problem is true for Suffolk County, in general, and led the County Legislature in 1971 to pass a law banning the sale of certain detergents. To date concentrations of ~AS in Southold Town's ground water have been accept- able (Table 3-16). [9] The two primary areas of concern in relation to ground water quality in the Town of Southold are sea water encroach- ment and nitrate pollution. J2] 3-54 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL. P.C, TABLE 3-15 PRImaRY DRINKING WATER STANDARDS Units are mg/1, unless otherwise stated (Per PL 93-523, Safe Drinking ~Tater Act) Schedule of Permissible Limits Parameter USPHS 1962' Standard Plate Count Total Coliform MPN Fecal Coliform MPN 2.2 pH Hardness Alkalinity Total Solids Total Dissolved Solids Turbidity Color Odor Threshold Odor Number S00 S 15 Nitrate (as N) Sulfate Chloride Fluoride Total Phosphorus Detergent (MBAS) Phenols Cyanide 10 250 250 1.7 0.S 0. 001 0.01/0.2 Arsenic Barium Cadmium Hexavalent Chromium Total Chromium Copper Iron Lead Manganese Mercury Selenium Silver Zinc 01/0.0S 1.0 0.01 0.0S 1.0 0.3 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.0S S.0 EPA 1977 2.2 i (s) 10 0.05 1.0 0.010 0.05 0.05 ** 0.002 0.01 0.0S 3-55 H2M CORP. HOI. ZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELI., P.C. Parameter Endrin Lindane Methoxychlor Toxaphene 2, 4-D 2, 4, S-TP Silvex Gross Alpha Gross Beta Radium 226 ~ 228 Strontium 90 Tritium TABLE 3-15 (CONT'D.) Schedule of Permissible Limits USPHA 1'962' $ pc 10 pc pc = pica-curies MPN = Most Probable Number per 100 ccs *Remain in effect until June 1977 **EPA to supply addenda prior to that date (Ref: EPA Standards) 3-56 EPA 1977 O. 0002 0.004 0.1 0.005 0.1 0.01 15 pc ~ lO00 pc ~ 5 pc~ 2 pc~ 20000 pc ~ H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3-16 SUMMARY OF PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY WELLS WITH CURRENTLY OR POTENTIALLY UNACCEPTABLE SYNTHETIC DETERGENT OR NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS TOWN UPPER PLEISTOCENE (GLACIAL) WELLS NO. NO. OF SYNTHETIC OF WELLS DETERGENTS NITRATES WELLS ~GOTHY WELLS SYNTHETIC DETERGENTS NITRATES Babylon 28 32% 0 26 Huntington 22 0 10% 60 Islip 69 55% 4% 29 Smithtown 16 0 17% 26 Brookhaven 104 2% 9% 26 Riverhead 19 0 20% 1 Southampton 44 0 0 0 Southold 23 0 59% 0 East Hampton 22 0 11% 0 Shelter Island 5 0 0 0 COUNTY TOTAL NOTES: (Ref: 552 11% 11% 168 Percentages are based on number of wells with sufficient data to show trends. Wells in operation as of June 1969. Holzmacher, et al, 1970) 3-57 0 7% 6% 0 12% 0 0 0 0 0 5% 5% H2M CORP. HOLZMA~HER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. C. Salt Intrusion The intrusion of salt water into the fresh ground water supply of Southold Town is a function of the volume of water removed from the aquifer by pumping and the local hydro- geology. Normally the fresh water supply of Southold Town contains a chloride concentration of less than 40 mg/1, far below the EPA allowable concentration of 215 mg/1. [3] When a well is pumped, the reduced head resulting from lowering the water table around the well cannot balance the head of the saline water. Hence, a cone of salt water intrudes toward the well. If the well is pumped excessively, this cone of salty water may reach the well and contaminate the water pumped from the well. Wells drilled near the shoreline may become contaminated with sea water by a landward or upward migration of the zone of diffusion. In either case cessation or reduction of pumping results in a gradual return to the equilibrium condition that previously existed. Due to the movement of ground water and the need for flushing, the response to a change in pumping of a well is slow. Usually extensive ground water withdrawal and long term pumping is necessary to produce conditions of salt water intrusion described. An important controlling factor in the rate of movement of salty water toward pumped wells is the local subsurface geology. Differences in permeability gaps in strata of low permeability and other subsurface anomalies will influence the susceptibility of a well to salt intrusion. [7] -58 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. The Inc. Village of Greenport has a management program for its public water supply that consists of 12 active wells from which chloride concentrations are recorded periodically and 8 wells that monitor water table significant increase in chloride water table lowering, withdrawal level. If there is any concentration or evidence of from wells in that area is reduced. The Inc. Village of Greenport Department of Utilities maintains 6 public supply wells in Greenport, 2 in Southold and 3 in East Marion. Pumping from all of these wells is distributed within quality restrictions to provide a uniformly dispersed withdrawal. Table 3-17 contains data on chloride and nitrate concentrations taken from 119 wells in Southold Town in June 1974. Table 3-18 lists the constituents of Suffolk County ground water in 1970 for comparison. As can be seen from these tables chloride concentrations in Southold Town are higher than for Suffolk County in general. The average chloride concentration from 8 wells tested in the Village of Greenport in 1976 was 60.6 mg/1. D. Nitrate Pollution Nitrate concentration in domestic water supply is an im- portant consideration to public health. In sufficient concen- trations, nitrates may cause methemoglobinemia in infants. This disease, also known as cyanosis or "blue baby" may be fatal. High concentrations of nitrates are also detrimental to animals. The natural background concentration of nitrates in Suffolk County ground water is generally believed to be 1 mg/1 or less and higher concentrations are assumed to be a result of man's 3-59 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. AREA TABLE 3-17 CHLORIDE AND NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS IN GROUND WATER'IN SOUT~OLD TOWN NO. OF WELLS CHLORIDES RANGE AVERAGE NITRATES (as N) RANGE AVERAGE I I I I I I I I I I Orient 1S East Marion 14 Greenport to 12 Arshamomogue Southold ~ 16 Peconic Cutchogue 25 Mattituc): 39 14 - 110 43 0.6 - 15.5 14 - 94 44 0.06 15.8 11 530 59 1.$ 12.0 20 - 65 34 0.$ 20.4 6 - 190 38 0.4 16.6 6 - 85 24 0.4 1S.0 TOTALS ,119 6.5 5.3 4.0 9.2 9.7 6.4 (Ref: Holzmacher, et al, 1974) 3-60 6 - 330 36 0.06 20.4 7.1 H2M CORP. HOLZMAGHER, McLENDON end MURRELL, P.C. CONSTITUENTS TABLE 3-18 CONSTITUTBNTS OF SUFFOLK COUNTY GROUND WATER (1970) CONCENTRATIONS* RANGE AVERAGE Total Iron (0.02 14.4 0.$ MEDIAN < 0.02 Manganese < 0.02 2.3 pH 4.6 7.5 Chlorides 3.0 - 180 Hardness 2.0 - 356 Total Alkalinity 1.6 - 72 Free Ammonia (as N) <0.001 - 0.32 Albuminoid Ammonia <0.001 - 0.14 (as N) Nitrites (as N) <0.001 - 0.59 Nitrates (as N) <0.01 - 11.9 *Concentrations are in mg/1, except pH. (Ref: Holzmacher, et al, 1970) 3-61 0.06 6.1 14 31 17 0. 002 0.01 0.005 1.5 <0.05 6.1 14 51 17 0.002 <0.002 <0.001 1.5 H2M CORP. HOLZMAC~HER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. activities. The EPA gen in drinking water is by the soil and are thus rapidly. The primary sources in the planning area are: 1. Agricultural allowable concentration of nitrate-nitro- 10 mg/1-N. Nitrates are poorly absorbed leached into the ground water fairly of nitrate input to the ground water fertilizers used on crops. 2. Fertilizers used on lawns, parks, etc. 5. Septic tanks and cesspools. 4. Leaching of decayed organic ma'tter. S. Precipitation. Holzmacher, et al. (1974) concluded that high nitrate con- centrations in Southold Town marily to fertilizers. Thus the highest concentrations of nitrates are found along the active farming areas in the central and western portions of the Town. Factors affecting the quan- tity of fertilizers applied to cropland are the type of crop, nature of the soils, temperature and quantity, distribution, timing of rainfall and depth to the water table. Nitrates enter the aquifer from above so that shallow wells in a given area would have higher concentrations of nitrates than the deeper wells. Host wells in the planning area range between 10 and 100 feet below land surface.' 3-19 show the ranges, averages and increase concentrations for areas in Southold Town. lists the percentage of public wa~er supply wells Tables 3-17 and in nitrate-nitrogen Table 3-16 for townships 3-62 I I I I I I I I I I I ! I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. AREA Orient East Marion Greenport ~ Arshamomoque Southold ~ Peconic Cutchogue * Hattituck ~ Laurel * TABLE 3-19 CHANGES IN NITRATE-NITROGEN 1972 to 1977 TOWN OF SOUTHOLD RANGE OF NITRATE -N AVERAGE NIT_RATE 1972 1974 1977 1972 1974 1977 0-8.4 0.6-13.5 0.5-12.2 4.6 6.5 5.$ 0.04-7.6 0.6-15.8 0.5-10.8 1.66 5.3 5.5 4.2-8.0 0.7-12.0 1.2-13..4 6.1 4.0 5.4 0.0-18.0 0.3-16.6 0.1-21..5 5.3 9.2 7.5 1.9-20.8 6.4-14.1 8.8-10.9 10.0 9.7 9.7 0.0-19,8 0.0-15.4 0.3-2,.2 4.1 6.4 (Ref: Holzmacher, et al, 1977) * Insufficient Data to Place Significant Confidence on Results for Cutchogue, Mattituck and Luarel 3-63 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. in Suffolk County that have currently or potentially unaccept- able nitrate concentrations as of 1970. Although few public wells in the planning area currently have unacceptable nitrate concentrations, the concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen in many of the wells are very close to the maximum allowable concentrations of 10 mg/1. The Village of Greenport has notified its customers of the high nitrate content in its system. For tests of 17 public water supply wells in the Village of Greenport from 197S to 1977 the average concentration of nitrate-nitrogen was 8.6 mg/1 and the range was from Z.2 to 12.1 mg/1. Holzmacher, et al (1974) found an appreciable correlation of nitrates in Southold Town with hardness, sulfates, calcium and magnesium, but little correlation of nitrates with potassium or chloride. Ground water quality in the planning area should be a major factor of concern in the future. Nitrate pollution of Southold Town's drinking water is a problem that may only be mitigated in a.cost-effective manner by decreasing the input of nitrates into the aquifers. Any wastewater management alternatives in Southold Town should seriously consider the reduction of nitrate input resulting from agricultural cesspools, septic tank systems and recharge. REFERENCES. [1] [z] fertilizers, McC1ymonds, N.E. and O.L. Franke, "Summary of the Hydro- logic Situation on Long Island, New York as a Guide to Water Management Alternatives", 1972. Woodward-Clyde Consultants, "Assessment of Geohydrologic Conditions~ North Fork and Shelter Island, Long Island, New York", November, 1976 3-64 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. REFERENCES (CONTD.) [3] Holzmacher, McLendon ~ Murrell, P.C., "Water quality Study in the Town of Southold", September, 1974. [4] Cohen, Philip, et al, "An Atlas of Long Island's Water Resources" New York Water Resources Commission Bulletin 62, 1968. [S] Jensen, H.M. and Julian Soren, "Hydrogeologic Data from Selected Wells and Test Holes in Suifolk County~ Long Island. New York", Suffolk County Dept. of Environmental Control, 1971. [6] Malcolm Pirnie Engineers "Town of Southold~ Suffolk County, New York Investigation of Water Resources", White Plains, New York, 1967. [7] Crandell, H.C., "Geology and Ground Water ResourCes of the Town of Southold. Suffolk County~ New York" USGS Water Supply Paper 161~-GG, 1963. [8] Hoffman, John F., "Hydrology of the Shallow Ground Water Reservoir of the Town of ~outhold~ Suffolk County, Long Island~ New York", New York Water Resources Commission Bulletin 4S, 19bl. [9] Holzmacher, McLendon ~ Murrell, P.C.., "Com rehensive Public Water Supply Study of Suffolk Count~ NewPYork'', CPWS-Z4, 1970. (10] "quality of Public Water Supplies of New York", Open File Reports, USGS 1975. [11] Braids, O.C. ~nd S.E. Ragone, "Nitrogen in Long Island Ground Water. Proceedings of the Conference on Nitrogen in Long Island's Water Systems~ the Environmental Committee", 1975. [12] Cohen, Philip and O.L. Franke, "Hydrologic Affects of the 1962-1966 Drought on Long Island, New York", USGS Water Supply Paper 1879-F, 1969. $-65 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. 3.1.1.9 Surface Waters A. Fresh Surface Waters The few surface streams in Southold Town are all ephemeral (short-lived), less than a mile in length, and discharge into the bays and marshes along the southern shore. [2] Surface runoff during and after heavy storms provides the only observable flow in the stream channels. There are a number of small, shallow surface ponds and lakes in the p~anning area. Most of these are remnant glacial features, formed when wholly or partially buried blocks of ice melted after the retreat of the ice front, forming gaps and depressions in the outwash plain. These depressions subsequently filled with water and are termed Kettle ponds. [1] A number of small man-made ponds have been excavated throughout the planning area as a source of irrigation water. A few of the larger fresh water ponds in Southold Town are Marion Lake in East Marion, Great Pond in Peconic, Silver Lake and Brednock Pond in Greenport, Laurel Lake in Laurel, Marratooka and Wolf Pit Ponds in Mattituck and Rich- mond Pond in Southold. Southold's ponds are exposed areas of the water table and have no permanent outlets.. Runoff from land areas and subsurface flow constitute most of the input. Thus, the water in these ponds have a high residence time and tend to concentrate pollutants. Animal wastes, predominantly from waterfowl, are probably the most significant input of nutrients and coliform bacteria to many of these ponds. [4] The filling and destruction of much of the wetland areas that were 5-66 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. originally associated with most of these ponds has removed an important water cleansing agent and nutrient cycler. Table 3-20 shows water quality data for some of Southold Town's larger fresh water ponds in 1974. More recent data from samples taken in March 1977 show nitrate (N) concentra- tions in Marratooka Lake, Richmond Fond and Great Pond to be 0.3, 0.5 and less than 0.1 mg/1, respectively (Southold Town NO3 Survey). Table 3-21 lists the fresh surface waters in the planning area with their use waters are shown on use classifications classifications. The corresponding surface Figure 3-1D' and the standards governing the and quality and purity' of fresh water in New York State are given in Table 3-22. As seen from Table 3-21, very few of Southold Town's fresh surface waters are classified for primary contact recrea- tion and none are'classified as suitable for drinking water supply or food processing. Approximately half of Southold Towns fresh water ponds are not classified as suitable for the propagation of desirable species of fish (although many of those could be upgraded for this use). Southold Town's fresh water ponds play an important role in providing habitat for many species of wildlife. They also provide recreation, open space and have aesthetic value. The major stress upon the fresh surface waters in the planning area is non-point source eutrophication resulting from runoff and use by waterfowl. Many of these ponds are strongly influenced 3-67 H2M CORP. HOLZMA(~HER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3-20 ~qATER qUALITY DATA OF SELECTED PONDS IN THE TOWN 'OF SOUTHOLD NAHE AREA NITRATE (-N) CHLORIDE HARDNESS Laurel Lake Laurel 0.4 15 44 Wolf Pit Pond Mattituck 0.4 11 8 Marratooka Mattituck 0.4 12 36 Lake Great Pond Peconic 0.09 55 32 Richmond Pond Southold 0.04 17 19 Brednock Pond Greenport 0.04 52 22 Marion Lake East Marion 0.04 170 92 (Ref: Holzmacher, et al,"Water Quality Study in the Town of Southold~ 1N74) 3-68 H2M CORP. HOLZMA(~HER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3-21 USE CLASSIFICATIONS FOR FRESH SURFACE WATERS IN THE TOWN OF SOUTHOLD ~P INDEX. NO. I 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 15 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 NAME Unnamed ponds Mattituck Creek (Fresh water tributaries) Wolf Pit Pond Unnamed ponds Great Pond Lily Pond Unnamed ponds Unnamed pond Tributary to Pipes Cove Unnamed pond Moores Drain (Fresh section) Silver Lake Unnamed pond Unnamed pond Unnamed pond Unnamed ponds Unnamed pond Unnamed pond James Creek (Fresh section) Mattituck Pond (Marratooka Lk.) CO~WENTS NE of Bergen Ave., Mattituck Hattituck West of Mattituck Goldsmiths Inlet Peconic Southold Along Lighthouse Rd., Southold West of Peters Neck Pt., Orient Southold Arshamomaque Greenport Greenport West of Conkling Pt., Southold East of Hashamomuck Pond, Southold South of Goose Creek, Southold East of Corey Creek, Great Hog Neck North of Marratooka Pt. ~ Main Rd., Hattituck At head of Deep Hole Creek, Mattituck Mattituck Hattituck 3-69 CLASS2 D C D D B C C D D C D D C C C D D D C C H2M! CORP. HOLZMAI=HER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3-2t (CONT'D.) },lAP INDEX NO. 1 NAHE CO~fl~BNT S 21 Unnamed pond 22 Unnamed tribu- tary of Great Peconic Bay (Fresh section) 25 Laurel Pond 24 West Creek (Fresh section) 25 Downs Creek (Fresh section) West of Mattituck Pond Near Mattituck Park District Beach CLASS 2 D C Mattituck B New Suffolk D New Suffolk C (Ref: Title 6, Article 12, Part 924, NYCRR, Eastern Suffolk County Waters) 1. Locations by Index No. may be seen on iFigure 3-10. 2. Use Classifications for fresh surface waters are given in Table 3-22 3-70 m m m mm m m m m m m m m mm m mm m m .... Less than 6,$*~.S None detri- 6,0-9.5 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. by ground water levels. Thus, any ~astewater management alter- natives, such as sewering, that could lower the water table may have a severe impact upon these ponds B. Saline Surface Waters The saline surface waters surrounding the Southold penin- sula provide fishing and shellfishing recreation, and also sup- port a large number of commercial activities. IS] As with many other rural areas of Long Island that are in close proximity to the shore, the economy of the North fork has historically been geared to marine related activites. For this reason the exist- ing and future quality and productivity of the adjacent coastal waters is of great importance. In addition to Long Island Sound, Gardiners Bay and the Peconic estuary, Southold Town has many bays, creeks and inlets that are tributary to these larger bodies of water. Ail but two of these inlets, (Hattituck Creek and Goldsmiths Inlet) are located along the southern shore. All of these waters sup- port a wide diversity of marine life. Key marine species are listed in Section 3.1.5.5{Plant and Animal Communities). The quality of coastal waters are a function of the chem- ical, physical and biological parameters that have implications to human health and to the viability of the ecosystem. The parameters usually investigated and related to wastewater man- agement are: 1. Total and fecal coliform bacteria. 2. Nitrogen {total and dissolved). 3-73 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. 3. Phosphorus (total 4. Dissolved oxygen. and dissolved). 5. Turbidity. 6. Organic matter (total and dissolved). 7. Toxic substances. The water quality of Southold Town's bays and inlets is dependent upon the baseline quality of the adjacent coastal I I I waters, the local input of pollutants from point or non-point sources and the degree of tidal flushing and vertical mixing. Most of the degradation of Long Island's coastal water quality is due to man-caused stress although naturally occurring nutrient loadings and physical conditions may aggravate a eutrophic situa- tion. An east-west gradient of pollutant levels in Long Island Sound due to non-point and point source contamination from New York and the Conn6cticut shoreline has been observed by Pagen- kopf (1977) and Hardy (1971). The large exchange of waters be- I I I tween eastern Long Island Sound and the relatively clean waters of Block Island Sound has kept the eastern portion of Long Is- land Sound relatively pollution free. The saline surface waters surrounding the Southold Penin- sula, with few exceptions, satisfy the New York State standards I I I I for Class SA tidal salt waters. The quality of western Long Island Sound waters has been described by Hardy (1969, 1971) and were seen to be in very good condition. Water quality in the Peconic estuary has been monitored by the New York State Dept. 3-74 .I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) Dept. of Environmental Control (SCDEC). by the Marine Sciences Research Center and by the Suffolk County Data from cruises made (MSRC) at Stony Brook and by the New York Ocean Science Lab (NYOSL) at Montauk have been summarized by Hardy (1976) and the water quality was con- cluded to be relatively free of pollution. The primary sources of contaminants into the Peconic estuary are from the Peconic River stormwater non point discharges, the Riverhead Sewage outfall and duck farms located on creek tributaries to the bays. Although there are other point sources of nutrient loadings to the east, from Shelter Island, Greenport ~nd Sag ,, Harbor water quality is the estuary. [13] This the western end and the slightly lower at the western end of is due to the larger input of nutrients to decreased tidal flushing of Flanders Bay. The nutrient loadings to Flanders Bay from duck sludge tends to accumulate in the sediment and may pose a significant oxygen demand at the bottom of the water column. Due to insufficient data it is impossible to assess the effects of duck sludge on the entire Peconic-Flanders system. [3] The duck farms are expected to stop discharging nutrients into Flanders Bay by 198S. Non- point sources of pollutants into Southold Town's coastal waters are from wet weather runoff, waterfowl and discharges from boats. The existing data shows the Peconic estuary to be in good condition. Hardy (1976) described this estuary as having a large resilient capacity to counter the exploitive pressures 3-75 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. of man. are: The three factors given as governing this resiliency 1. Strong tidal flushing which rapidly dilutes and disperses contaminants. 2. Semi-rural development of the drainage area and few point sources of discharges. 3. Excellent water quality of Gardiners Bay which is the salt water source for the estuary. The relatively large amount of tidal wetlands in the Peconic estuary also aid in mitigating the affects of nutrient loadings. IS] The Peconic estuary has been described by Perlmutter (1939) as a major spawning and nursery ground for coastal fish species and any deterioration in environmental quality may therefore have regional consequences. The waters surrounding the Southold penin- sula support intensive sportfishing in addition to commercial fisheries for finfish and shellfish. The bays to the south of the planning area had the largest state catches of weakfish, blowfish, porgy, butterfish, bay scallops and oystermeats for 1969, the last year records were kept by the National Marine Fisheries Service.[S] In addition to present oyster and bay scallop production there remains a high potential for further oyster production and for soft clam, hard clam and blue claw crab production. IS] Other important estuarine species are listed in Section 5.1.5.5(Plant and Animal Communities). Shellfish are very sensitive to pollution and any waste- water management alternatives must carefully consider this. 3-76 I I I I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. Most commercially important shellfish are found in shallows near shore waters where they are most susceptable to non-point source runoff and other man-caused stresses. An increase in turbidity in an area due to construction or discharge of effluents may cover shellfish beds or render the environment unsuitable for their survival or propagation. Shellfish also tend to concen- trate heavy metals and other toxic materials in their tissues rendering them unsuitable for human consumption and providing a link in the food chain for toxic substances to enter higher trophic levels. Shellfish may contain high levels of fecal coliform bacteria and pathogens in their digestive tracts if they are exposed to sewage effluents. Areas in Southold Town that have been closed to shellfishing by the NYSDEC are: (Ref: AREA AC'RBS 1. Greenport Harbor and 15S Sterling Basin 2. Area surrounding Greenport 500 sewer out£all, Long Is- land Sound 5. Long Creek (tributary to S Hashamomuck Pond) 4. Upper reaches of Mattituck 50 Creek 5. Schoolhouse Creek (tributary 5 to Little Peconic Bay) 6. Area between Greenport and 180 Shelter Island in the proximity o£ Shelter Is- land Heights sewer outfall TOTAL 655 NYSDBC, Stony Brook, N.Y.) 3-77 I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. In most of the above areas there exists point sources of I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I contaminants that have degraded the water quality. The standards used in the closing of shellfishing areas are described in "Sanitation of Shellfish Growing Areas, U.S. Public Health Service, the two major closings are "safety zones" in the two sewage treatment plant outfalls (Greenport 196S". However, the vicinity of ~ SIHA STPs.) Table 3-25 lists the saline surface waters of Southold Town with their use classifications. Figure 3-10 shows the corresponding waters and Table 3-24 lists the use classes and corresponding standards governing the quality of New York State tidal waters. The Peconic estuary has the potential to be very resilient to stress (Hardy, 1977; Bnergy Resources, 1977). This capacity has been demonstrated in the past as the estuary has coped with major storms, dredgings, discharges, runoff and other man-caused and natural stresses with little or no long-term adverse impacts. The Long Island Sound waters adjacent to Southold Town are strongly flushed by the tide and therefore have the capacity to dilute and disperse pollutants. This resiliency of Southold Town's coastal waters allows planners a greater number of alternatives for wastewater management of the surrounding drainage basin. As with any ecosystem, the capacity to absorb stress is limited and excessively high pollutant loads will cause food web disturbances with resulting impacts. The introduction of treated effluent into sufficiently as to be an estuary may also lower detrimental to the biota. 3-78 the salinity H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3-23 CLASSIFICATIONS FOR SALINE TIDAL WATERS IN THE TOWN OF SOUTHOLD }IAP INDEX NO. Si S2 S3 S4 SS S6 S7 S8 S9 S10 Sll S12 SI3 S14 SiS S16 S17 S18 S19 S20 S21 S22 S23 S24 S25 NAHE COMMENT Long Island Sound Mattituck Creek Inlet Tributary of Mattituck Creek Tributary of Mattituck Creek Goldsmith Inlet Unnamed pond Gardiners Bay Long Beach Bay Orient Harbor Narrow River Tributary of Orient Harbor Tributary of Orient Harbor Dam Pond Marion Lake Mari~n Lake Spring Pond Unnamed pond Gull Pond Stirling Creek & Basin Pipes Cove Moores Drain (Tidal Section) Unnamed ponds Tributary of Shelter Is. Sound Tributary of Shelter Is. Sound Tributary of Shelter Is. Sound Adjacent to Southold and to Connecticut boundary Mattituck From mouth to Reeve Ave. Bridge Tidal Southold Near Terry Pt., Orient South shore of Southold Peninsula Orient Orient Orient Between Brown's ~ Peters Neck Points, Orient South of Terry Hill Cem., Orient Bast Marion Northeast of Bridge, Bast Marion Southwest of Bridge, Bast Marion East Marion Near Cleaver Point, Greenport Greenport Greenport Southold Greenport At Conkling Point, Southold West of Conkling Point, Southold West of above East of Mill Creek, Southold 3-79 CLASS 2 SA SA SA SC SA SD SA SA SA SD SD SA SA SA SC SA SC SC SA SC SC SC SC SA SC I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. INDEX NO. S26 S27 S28 S29 S30 S31 S32 S33 S34 S35 S37 S38 S39 S40 S41 S42 S43 S44 S45 S46 S47 S48 S49 S$0 (Ref: 1. 2. 1 TABLE 3-23 NAt IE Budds Pond Hashamomuck Pond Tributary of Shelter Is. Sound Town Creek Jockey Creek Jockey Creek Goose Creel; Tributary of Shelter Is. Sound Little Peconic Bay Cedar Beach Creek Tributary of Ltl. Peconic Bay Corey Creek Richmond Creek Little Creek Cutchogue Harbor Deep Hole Creek Tributary to Great Peconic Bay James Creek (Tidal Portion) Tributary of Great Peconic Bay West Creek West Creek Trib. Downs Creek Shelter Is. Sound Great Peconic Bay Wunneweta Pond (CONT'D.) COI',IMENT Southold Southold Near Beixedon Estates, Southold Southold Below Oaklawn Ave. Bridge, Southold Above Oaklawn Ave. Bridge, Southold Southold Along North Shore Great Hog Neck Adjacent to Southold Town Great Hog Neck, Southold West of Cedar Beach Creek, Southold Great Hog Neck, Southold Southold Cutchogue Cutchogue Hattituck East of Deep Hole Creek, Hattituck Hattituck Near Hattituck Park Dis- trict Beach New Suffolk New Suffolk New Suffolk Adjacent to Southold Town- ship Adjacent to Southold Town- ship Little Hog Neck CLASS 2 SA SA SC SA SA SC SA SC SA SA SC SA SA SA SA SA SA SA SC SA SC SA SA SA SA Title 6, Article 12, Part 924, NYCRR, Eastern Suffolk Waters) Locations by Index No. may be seen on Figure 3-10. Use Classifications for saline waters are given in Table 3-22 3-80 TABLE 3-24 CLASSIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS FOR SALINE SDRFACE WATERS OF NEW YORK STATE CLASSI- FICATION BEST USAGE COLIFOP~ (HONTHLY GEOMETRIC DISSOLVED MEAN) OXYGEN TOXIC WASTES AND DELETERIOUS SUBSTANCES SA SB Suitable for shellfishing for market purposes and primary and secondary con- tact recreation Suitable for primary and secondary contact rec- reation and any other use except for the taking of shellfish for market purposes Not in excess of Not less than 70/100 mi 5.0 mg/1 at any time Not in excess of Not less than 200/100 ml S.0 mg/1 at any time None in amounts that will interfere with use for primary contact recreation or will be injurious to edible fish or shellfish or the propagation thereof, or which in any manner will adversely affect flavor, color, odor or sanitary condition thereof or impair the waters for any other best usage as determined for the specific waters which are assigned to their class None in amounts that will interfere with use for secondary contact recreation or will be injurious to edible fish or shellfish or the propagation thereof, or which in any manner will adversely affect flavor, color, odor or sanitary condition thereof or impair the waters for any other best usage as determined for the specific waters which are assigned to their class SC Suitable for fishing and all other uses except for primary contact recrea- tion and for the taking of shellfish for market purposes Not in excess of Not less than 2000/100 mi 5.0 mg/1 at any time None in amounts that will interfere with use for primary contact recreation or will be injurious to edible fish or shellfish or the propagation thereof, or which in any manner will adversely affect flavor, color, odor or sanitary conditions thereof or impair the waters for any other best usage as determined for the specific waters which are assigned to their class SD Not primarily for rec- reation purposes, shell- fish culture or the development of fishlife because of natural or man-made conditions cannot meet the require- ments of these uses Not less than 3.0 mg/1 at any time None alone or in combination with other substances or wastes in sufficient amounts to prevent survival of fish life or impair the waters for any other best usage as determined for the specific water which are assigned to this class 3-81 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. It }las been suggested by Hardy (1977) ghat wastewater management alternatives for Southold Town should put an emphasis upon eliminating point source discharges to preserve tile quality of tile coastal waters. The only areas of Southold Township's coastal waters that may be considered polluted are closely associated with point source discharges of sewage effluents or duck wastes. REFERENCES [1] [3] [4] [si [6] [7] IS] [9] Cohen, Philip, et al, An Atlas of Long Island's Water Re- sources, New York Water Resources Commission Bulletin 62, Crandell, H.C., Geology and Ground Water Resources of the Town of Southold..Suffolk County~ New York, USGS Water Supply Paper 161~-GG, 1963. Energy Resources Inc., 208 Areawide Planning, Peconic Estu- ary~ Flanders Bay Environmental Report, Draft Copy, Cam- bridge, Mass., Sept. 1977. Energy Resources Inc., EnVironmental Tradeoffs on Long Is- land with Respect to Areawide Waste 1.{anagement, 2nd Draft Copy, Cambridge, ~lass., Oct. 1977. Hardy, Charles D., A Preliminary Description of the Peconic Bay Estuary, Harine Sciences Research Center Special Report No. 3, Stony Brook, N.Y., 1976. Hardy, Charles D., Hydrographic Data Report: Long Island Sound, Marine Sciences Research Center Tech Report No. 4, ~ Brook, N.Y,, 1969. Hardy, Charles D., Hovement and Quality of Long Island'Sound Waters, }4arine Sciences Research Center Tech Report No. 17, to~-6-~--Brook, N.Y., 1971. Holzmacher, et al, Water Quality Study in the Town of Southold, ~elville, N.Y., 1974. Nassau-Suffolk Regional Planning Board, 208 Areawide Waste Treatment ~lanagement: Surface Water Quality, Interim Re- port Series 3, Hauppauge, N.Y., Nov. 1973. 3-82 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. REF[';RIiNCi!S (cont'd.) [10] New York State Dept. of Environmental Conservation, Title 6, Article 12, Part 924 NYCRR, Eastern Suffolk County ~'laters. [11] Nuzzi, R., A Synoptic Study of the Surface ¢[aters of Block Island Sound and Surrounding 'Jaters, Part I, New York Ocean Science Lab Tec~ReDort 0019, I~,ontauk, N.Y., 1973. [12] Tetra Tech Inc, Benthic Oxygen Demand Heasurements in Long Island Baxs, ~'4ay 1977. [13] Tetra Tech Inc., Hydrologic and Water Quality Data Report for Peconic River, Peconic Estuary and Flanders BaT, .July 1976. [14] [J.g. Dept. of lIealth, Education & ~.qelfare, Sanitation of Shellfish Growing Areas, Public Health Service, 196S. [15] 17eyl, P.K., The Pollution Susceptability of the Harine Waters of Nassau and Suffolk Counties~ New York, Harine Sciences ~esearch Center Tech Report No. 4, Stony Brook, N.Y. 1974. 3-83 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McL£NDON and MURRELL, P,C. 3.1.1.10 Storm Water Disposal and Flood Plains Ail storm water runoff in the planning area either enters the surrounding salt waters as direct runoff, is routed into recharge basins or drained into naturally occurring ponds of marsh areas. With the exception of the area around Mattituck Creek most of the drainage in Southold Town is to the south as shown in Figure 3-11. An estimated 5 to 10 per cent of the annual precipitation for most of the planning area is lost as runoff although for short periods of heavy' rainfall or snow melt the percentage could be much greater. [1] Ten recharge basins, located in the i. nterior of the Southold peninsula serve to contain some of the rurLoff from land and paved areas and return it to the ground water aquifers. [3] As Southold Town has a relatively small percentage of paved area, flooding due to precipitation is localized and does not create a serious hazard. Ail streams in the Southold peninsula are ephemeral, less than a mile in length and are only associated with a flood plain where they enter the coastal waters.~ The Federal law providing for flood insurance requires communities to map and delineate all flood plains and flood prone areas. On Long Island, this program is administered by the Region I, Stony Brook office of the Department of Environ- mental Conservation. Ail flood prone areas in Southold are associated with tidal waters and are therefore adjacent to 3-84 C H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. the coastline or tidal wetlands.[4] boundaries which have been determined were obtained from the U.S, Geological Delineated flood hazard for the planning area Survey and are shown in Figure 3-12. There is approximately 1 chance in 100 that the areas delineated on this map will be inundated during any year. REFERENCES [1] Holzmacher, et al, Comprehensive Public Water Supply Study, Suffolk County, New York, CPWS-24, Helville, N.Y., Vol. II, 1970. [2] Nassau-Suffolk Regional Planning Board, 208 Areawide Waste Treatment Hanagement~ Population Estimates and Pro~ections, 1975-1995, Hauppauge, N.Y. [3] Seaburn, G.E. and D.A. Aronson, Influence of Recharge Basins on the Hydrolog~ of Nassau and Suffolk CoUnties, Long land~ New York, USGS Water Supply Paper 7031, 1974. [4] U.S. Dept. of Interior, Geological Survey Water Resources Division, Haps of Flood Prone Areas, Albany, N.Y. [5] Woodward-Clyde Consultants, Assessment of Geohydrologic Conditions, North Fork and Shelter Island, New York, NSRPB 208 Report, November, 1976. 3-86 I I I I I I I .~LIMITS OF STUDY FI60_R. E A N D S 0 U N D 2O00 0 4000 TOWN OF SOUTHOLD-INC. VILLAGE OF GREENPORT WASTEWATER FACILITIES STUDY ,FLOOD PLAIN AREAS LEGEND KEY MAP t00 YEAR FLOOD PLAIN AREAS HOLZMACHER, McLENDON & MURRELL, RC. /H 2 M CORP. CONSULTING ENGINEERS, PLANNERS and ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTISTS 3-I; H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL PC. ~.1. 2 O] q~nizpztional qk:qd ext '[he or?anJzations knvolved wilh the planuiny, area. [inancin~t and operation of: these faciliities az'<:' suftuq[~rJzcd Table 3-26. ~n addition, Fi~ure 3-13, entitled "Orcaniz;ttiona] Co::mtuni- cation Chart", de[icts the formal and Jnfcrma! 1~ ~es of commun[- cat ion between th~ various orflanizatJons involved in the devc] merit and ~lanning cf the 20] dastewatcr Facility 2eport. The qolid lines in this chart denote the formal lities of c:):n:unica- tion a:ld the dashed line denotes the illfoima] lilies of co]:ullunJ- cat ion o b>: "Formal" lines 1. I nfornal I J nos o[ CO]~lmtlll~ C at J on of communication usually developed by: Contract Lira 1 a?,:'eement l,eglslat ion Social custom are usuall) deve:loped Thc orgallizal:Jo]t ot:' Social cust Olq Public service the Town of Southold/V~llage oF Green- port Wastewater Ua:na}lement Project, ;ts outlined in thc al-ore mentioned Tables and Fi?~res, illustrates the [nterap, ency co- ordlnatiou that exists For the 20l Wastewater ]:acJlLty Report. 3-88 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL I'A BI,I! 3-2b AND OPI!RATION 0F PIrBi, ICLY ~/WfqliD OR(;AN I ZATI ON & FUNCT] O.q I~LAN- }; [ h'&NC - OI)ER NIN(] lNG ATION OTI{ER TOIxrN fi VIL1,A(;E A(]P;NCIES Town Board, (1) (2:) (61 Town o£ Southold Board o£ Trustees, (1) (5) (5} Inc. Village off (]reenpor[: Town Planning Board, (7) .... ']Yow~ of Southold SUFFOI,K COUNTY AGENCIES Dept. of Environmental Control Dept. of Plan]tin2 I)ept. of Health Dept. o£ Park>; V:illage of areenport, I)ept. of Utilities FI!DERAL, STATIi ~ ]tP;- (]lONAL A(;ENCIES Nassau-Suffolk P, egio~,.al Plarnin?. Boar([, 208 Stud% Ne~ York State Dept. o[ ]:!]IV2 rolllllOllt~l} CollsorvatiOl] IJ.S. Environmental Pro- tection Agency (lO) (8) (4) (16) 3-89 (4) (4) (11) (12) Advisory Capaci ty (14) Advisory Capacity Advisory Capacity H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENOON and MURRELL, P.C. TABI.i 3-25 ION PLA!- F I NAN(;- 0Pi{R- N ] N(; I f,l(; AT [ iix OTI [i{R ~!ISCIiI,LANEOUS A(;ENCII]S L.I . rate Park Corem i ss~ on Consu]ta];t Engineer (9) - *Provides ;u[dance For' munic:iT]aJity. alld s,)ecificatiol]s, etc. **Apl)roves dlsoursement of federal (unds and construction of 1)rojects. **~Supervi. sion and gu2dance. Ap?roves Cot the 3-90 (14) Advisory Capac~ ty fact] ty report, p]ans plannin~<, development H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDOt4 and MURRELL P.C. (5) { 4 ) Contract in!! enti t:y with and the Stat~ I)Ol'artment o~-lnv~ronm,:mh~l ordinates and supcrvi:;e:~ planninl, eCfort, nee r Lng cons u 1 t;unts. £on A!,ency at i on co- its operatio]t and iilf~[ll !lakes recommendations to VSlla!,.e BoarJ re~aardin., the viable operation of existing or proposed treatment O~cili. ties. Approves or disapproves hiring or firirw, of adni]~strative or operatJng i,ersonnel. [)pe~ating agency of water and wastewater Ok'ilities in the Basin, Leads i:n 'qanning Cot protection and devolopment of Basin water resources. Approve~ disbursement of municipal funds for development and construction of projects. bursepent of nu:nicipal funds Cot operation the p]anninp, Appro~re dis and m.~intenancc. ]lake recommendations regardinS operation and maintenance of any wastewatcr ~ffacility. Review and comment c.n co]mmunit:y imnrove:ment projects. Sub- mit their evalLuatic, n oS nroposed projects to Towu Board. Review and comnent en communit? improvement projeots. Ex- amine proposed project, and determine its conpatLbJ, lity wit:h the comprehensiYe planning for the entire a~ca. Preparation of Yac]lity report. ['lays direcl role in the supervision and coordination of planning ef'.'ort. Reviews, comments and approves (or disapproves) Oicility report, plans and ~pecifications, etc. Provides guidance for municipal i tlc, Certifies requirements of the National or State Pollutant Discharge Eli~ninatJon System (NPDES) permit for treatment facility. Uakes periodic inspectiou and examinations to ascertain whether or not facility effluent meets NPDES or SP1)ES j)ermJt conditions. Issues Nat iona] (NPINiS) per~i 't Hakes periodio whether or nnt conditions. Pollutant Discharge [!lh. inatlon System to municipality for treatment £acility. inspection and examinations to ascertai, n Facility effluent meets NP]3[i'S ner;~it 3-91 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. i4()'l'liS I:Oll TABLI{ ~-25 (COi,'['I).} I3) I'rovJdes ]2-]/L; ?er cent [-undL]~g o'.' i)lannLn~4 and construc- tion ,ander the I!nviromnental /hla] it}, ]~om] Act. 14) I'roper~y owner or operator of t-ac:ii,ties tn the l)rainaj~e Basin x~,i~t be bound by the FL~al recoln~nendations. 15) ,kateF sup])JJer concerned ~,ith the pretection o!- txe water resources. 16) Contractor with [J~4]iPA /Yor 208 study ~,il1 review: 231 plan fo]~ ~nclusJon tn the 208 study. 3-92 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C~ TAI{I,}! 3-26 AND PLANNIiI) h'ASTI{ FACILIT]]!S I;q 'Fl{li STUDY AR]iA NANli (;reenport Sewage Treatnlent Pta~t 0¥'/NEi% P LAN:~ I NC F ! NANC I (V) Greenport (V) (;rcenport (V) SC])liC 3-93 (]reenp Board ~JYSDI~C (v) OPIF~AT I ON Board SCDE2 NYSDi!C: U S E P '~ I UN~TED STALES K NVPRONMf! NTAL PROT[ CTION AGENCY LOCAL ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSIONS , ~.[ TOWN OF SOUTHOLD 1 .... DEPT OF ~ ~ ENVI'ONMENTAL ' [ +] CONSERVATION I I :, TOWN LEGISLATIVE BOARD[ VILLAGE OF GREENPORT BOAR[) OF TRUSTEES ~ .............. co~'r~oc .ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNtCATi;ON CHART TOWN OF SOUTHOLD- INC. VILLAGE OF-GREENPORT WASTEWATER FACILITIES HOIZMACHER. McLENDON & MURRE L. P C. CONSUl f~f'4G Ef,JG~NE¢2RS. MEtVILLE, NY 3 94 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. Z.l.3 ])cmo!. ralph i c I)ata 3. [ . 5. ] Pres.2]~t and Projected Popul::~ Lion bata concerning the past and pre:sent i)OFUl~,i on of the l)~anning area ~s [)r¢)v~ded by two sources: the lf.~. Cen~:us and the annual populatiem survey of the Lon/,, Island hi?ati::g ',7ompany ( LI LCO) . The LfI,CO survey Ls based on the lJ.S. Cen:~us, but incorpor- ates a relationship between the number of residential ~:lectric meters and the tota2 9Ol)Ulation of an area. Durfng intercensal years, LILCO records; the number of meters installed, each indi- cating a household unit. It then utilizes a persons/household ratio and estimate,~, the current population. [3] Histor cally the LILCO projections have been verified as accurate e;timates when the U.S. Census was taken. Based on current estimates, giving consideration ':o exist- ing zoning and antJcii~ated land use, the Nassau-SufFolk Regional Planaing Board (NSRPB) has developed population projec:ions through ]995~ These projections were made on a townwide basis and then supplementarily divided into drainage basins ~nd in- corporated villages;. Demographic data delineated in this manner illustrates patterns of settlement which are relevant to the problems of collec:tiop, and treatment of sewage. The 1975 popu- lation and future projections from NSRPB are shown in Table 3-27. These projections were derived _for ffive year intervals for the years 197[--1995. For the purposes of this study the projections were extended to the year 12005, in order to portray the population and development which is most likely to be served 3-95 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDOI'~ and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3-27 POPULATIO!~ PROJECTIONS BY J)RAINASE BASINS AREA 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 20(15 Drainage 2,203 2,472 2,816 3,i80 5,584 4,045 4,57'0 Basin A l/rainage 13,438 15,32.4 17,459 20,035 22,582 15,745 29,550 Basin B* inc. Villa~e 2,518 2,586 2,642 2,700 2,830 2,900 2,970 of (;reenp, orl: Total for' the Study Area 18,159 20,582 22,917 25,885 28,996 *Excluding the Inc. V[llaL~e of Greenport 3-96 52,690 56,890 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. repre~:ent only 41.i per ceut of the saturation pOl~ulation (see Section 3.].3.2), ::t: was determined that a trend analysis was tl~o most :~ppropriate method with which to extend the projections to 2005. Therefore, Table 2-27 also shows p~ojcctions to 2005 based on :~ trend analysis of the two su>-draJnage basins (basins A and P) and the incorperated Village. (See Fig. 3-11, previously shown). The estimates presented in Table 3-27 arc not useful, in and of themselves, in determinin~ the areas o[ population con- centration and densities. Therefore, made of the drainafe basin into areas densitT. Division and apportionment was made using local school district ted in cooperation with NSRPB. further subdivisSon was o.c apparent demographic o£ the actual popt]lation boundarJ es and was execu- Figure 3-14 shows tile division of tile drainage basin into ].2 areas. Table 3-28 assi~;ns a population estimate an< projec- tions to each area, and then calculates the density in terms of persons/acre. Any area with a density of greater than 9 per- sons/acre is considered sewerable based on the 208 study. None of the 12 areas within this study area are presently populated irt a density requiring sewering, liven with steadily increasing demographic growth to 2005, no area achieves a den- sity o£ 9 persons/acre. Therefore, any decision to sewer an area must be based on factors of envirenmental quality and not solely based on demographic density. 3-97 I I '! i CONNECT lC U T . T NEW YORK ./ . ... ),/,,~v NO AREA.-, · ,~ ~';,,ss2,, ~~ ~v ~ KEY MAP TOWN OF SOUTHOLD-INC. VILLAGE OF GREENPORT WASTEWATER FACILITIES STUDY pOPULATION SUBDIVISION I .oLz,,,,c.~. ,,c...oo. · ,,u...L,.c./.,,, ¢o.,.. .-,~;;~- ' CONSULTING ENGINEERS, pI. ANNEI~S ii~d ENVIRONMENTA{. S~IENIIST$ #lwf~l~N; i#L'~,, i I I I I I I I I I ! I I I I I i I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3-28 1975 POPULATION AND PROJECTIONS FOR DRAINAGE BASIN SUBDIVISIONS SEC- AREA 1975 1985' TION (ACRES) POPU. DENS. POPU. DENS. I 415 143 0.34 185 0.45 1502 0.73 II 400 600 1.50 780 1.95 1,333 3.33 III 2,995 3,209 1.07 4,165 1.39 5,419 1.81 IV 6,460 ?92 0.12 1,030 0.16 1,337 0.21 V 2,090 1,929 0.92 2,505 1.20 3,258 1.56 VI 400 577 1.44 750 1.88 925 2.31 VII 5,6~5 1,861 0.33 2,415 0.42 2,978 0.52 VIII 3,005 3,141 1.05 4,070 1.35 5,028 1.67 IX*** 2,130 1,531 0.72 1,990 0.93 2,252 1.06 Village 575 2,518 4.38 2,652 4.61 2,830 4.92 X 155 240 1.55 270 1.74 302 1.95 XI 540 557 1.03 725 1.34 1,043 1.93 XII 4,025 1,061 0.26 1,380 0.34 1,989 0.49 1995 2005** POPU. DENS. POPU. DENS. 390 0,94 1 730 4.32 7 025 2.35 1 735 0.27 4 225 2.02 1 200 3. O0 3 860 0.68 6,520 2.17 2,920 1.37 2,970 5.16 390 2.52 1,350 2.S0 2,575 0.64 Total 28,885 18,159 22,917 28,996 Study Area 36,890 *Population was allocated based on 1975 distribution **Population was allocated based on 1995 distribution ***Does not include Inc. Village of Greenport 3-99 I I I I I I I I I Icl I I I I I i I ! H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C, Limits to growth in the planning area are of two kinds: the self-imposed limits of zoning ordinances and those limits 'to which the environment can tolerate population ~rowth. Zoning regulations stipulate a given use to each parcel of land, and therefore, a maximum population for that parcel. When growth reaches a zoned maximum, there is a saturation population. Growth, at this point, has reached its legal limit. The zoned saturation population may never be achievable, due to other constraints such as terraine, availability of water, environmental toleration of pollution load and other secondary impacts. These subjects will be discussed in a later section. Saturation population is the maximum number of persons at zoned capacity. Computation of the saturation population of the Southold-Greenport study area and its portions, drainage basins A and B, and the Inc. Village of Greenport was derived from Nassau-Suffolk Regional Planning Board (NSRPB) methodology and calculations. The NSRPB methodology is based on the land .capa- city, or capacity for population of undeveloped land under existing zoning; and trend analysis in land. use and population. It involved a six step process: (1) Identification of all vacant land. zoned for resi- dential use. (2) Calculation of existing vacant and potential build- ing sites. (5) Calculate existing housing units and determine occu- pancy status. 3-100 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. (4) Sum total of existing and potential housing units. (5) Estimate household size for each area studied. (6) Estimate population at zoned capacity. Through this process, the NSRPB determined the saturation population of the Town of Southold and the Inc. Village of Greenport. For the purposes of this study, the saturation population ef the area drainage basins A and B were extrapo- lated by the following process: (1) Determine ratio between projected populations for basins A and B, 1975-1995. (2) Determine compatibility of land use and zoning pat~ terns in basins A and B. The projected population figures house a constant 12.2 per cent of the show that basin A will total population in the study area. Zoning and land use patterns are consistent in both basins:, which' indicates that development will be similar in both A and B. Therefore, it may be assumed that basin A may house 12.2 per cent of the total saturation population, Table 3-29 shows the percentage of saturation population achieved for the study area, drainage basins A and B, and the Inc. Village of Greenport at each five year interval between 1975 and 1995. Although saturation population represents the ultimate legal limit to demographic growth, other factors may also re- strict growth within this study area, saturation population is not a suitable indicator of future growth. The projected 3-101 I I I I I I I I I I,, I I I I I ! I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. PERCENT OF DIVISION 1975 Drainage 26.0 Basin A Drainage 23.2 Basin B* Inc. Village 79.3 of Greenport Total of 26.1 Study Area *Does not include Inc. TABLE 3-29 SATURATION POPULATION ACHIEVED BY STUDY AREA DIVISIONS SATURA. 1980 1985 1!)90 1995 POPU. 29.2 33.2 3'7.5 42.3 8,473 26.5 30.2 34.6 39.1 57,806 81.5 83.2 8!5.1 89.2 3,174 29.3 33.0 3'7.3 41.7 69,453 Village of Greenport 3-102 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. 1995 population represents limit. social, beyond only 41.7 per cent o£ the saturation Therefore, other factors: economic, environmental, will probably be more influential in determining growth the 2:0 year projection. REFERENCES Iii Long Island Lighting Company, Current Population Estimates Counties. Population Survey - 1960, for Nassau and Suffolk [2] Long Island Lighting Company, Current Population Estimates Counties. Population Survey - 1970, for Nassau and Suffolk--- [3] Long Island Lighting Company, Current Population Estimates Counties. Population Survey - 1975, for Nassau and Suffolk"- [4] Nassau-.Suffolk Regional Planning Board[, Population Esti- mates and Projections~ 1975-1995, Interim Report Series: 1, November 1976. [5] U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1960 Census of the Population, General Population Character- istics - New-York, 1963. [6] U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1970 Census of the populat'ion~ General Population Chara~- istics -New York, November 1971. 3-103 I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. 3.1.3.3 Land Use i I I Data concerning present and projected land planning area is found in studies Regional Planning Board (NSPRB). evaluation of present zoning; the the anticipation of use for the done by the Nassau-Suffolk These studies involve, the identification of trends; and changes. Using this method, NSRPB has made I I I I I I I I I land use projections, through 1995. Tables studies. In Table at five year intervals, for the years 1975 3-30 and 3-31 show the results of these 3-30 the 1975 land uses are grouped in the following categories: industrial, commercial, four residential'density levels~z utility and landfill, agriculture, other non-residential uses, and vacant land. The largest categories are agriculture and vacant land. Land use maps will be provided in the follow-up document entitled "Alternatives Bvaluation and Environmental Assessment Report". The projected land use for 1995, found in Table 3-31, has the same groupings as 1975 with the exception of landfill and other non-residential use. It is planned that by 1995 landfill sites will have been eliminated and that land which is presently recorded as "other non-residential" will be categorized under the title of "Institutional and Open Space" with some of the land I ! I i I being specified for other uses. [1] The 20 year plan shows a complete elimination of vacant land, which will be redistributed to other land uses by 1995. Categories that gain significantly from this redistribution are low density' residential and open space. The percentage of land used for agriculture is projected to decrease slightly (30.0% to 24.6%) as economic pressure from 3-104 I I ! I I I I I I I ! I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3-30 ACTUAL LAND USE IN PLANNING AREA CATEGORY High Density Residential 5-10 Dwelling Units/Acre 2-4 Dwelling Units/Acre 0-1 Dwelling Units/Acre & Low Density Res. Agriculture Utility & Landfill Commercial Industrial Other Non-Residential Vacant TOTAL ACRES 20 262 2,111 1,847 9,067 19 236 55 2,738 13~836 30,191 3-105 1975 % OF STUDY AREA 0.1 0.9 7.0 6.1 30.0 0.1 0.8 0.2 9.0 45.8 100.0 I I I I I I I I I i I I I I I ! ! I I H2M CORP. HO, LZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3-31 PROJECTED LAND USE IN CATEGORY High Density Residential 5-10 Dwelling Units/Acre 2-4 Dwelling Units/Acre 0-1 Dwelling Units/Acre & Low Density Res. Agriculture Utility Institutional & Open Space Commercial Industrial Vacant 3-106 PLANNING AREA 1995 ACRES 173 304 6,038 8,413 7,425 599 6,643 481 115 0 % OF STUDY AREA 0.6 1.0 20.0 27.8 24.6 2.0 22.0 1.6 0.4 0 I I I I I I I I i i I i I I ! I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. private developers takes place. It is the Government's responsibility to see that the pressures do not become too great. Without incentives, the economic costs of farming may prove teo large a burden for the land c. wner. If land use follows existing trends, and Government takes the initiative (i.e. tax incentives, zoning) to control growth, then figures provided by NSRPB are expected to be accurate. REFERENCES [1] Klein, John V.N., County Executive, Farmlands Preservation Program, Report to the Suffolk County Legislature, Septem- ber 1973. [z] PI [4] Kunz, Arthur H., Nassau-Suffolk Regional Planning Board, Personal Communication, January 1978.. Nassau-Suffolk Regional Planning Board, 1975 Actual Land Use, Preliminary Report, January 1978. Nassau-Suffolk Regional Planning Board, 1995 Projected Land Use, Preliminary Report, January 1978. ~Vagner, Hargaret, Nassau-Suffolk Regional Planning Board, Personal Communication, February 197.~. 3-107 I I ! I I I I I I I I I I I ! I / I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON arid MURRELL, P.C. 3.1.3.4 Employment Generating Activities Within the Town of Southold there are no areas may be considered major employment generators. Most of residential land currently in use is agricultural. This which the non- activity employs only a small percentage of the total labor force. J5] Due to the minimal amount of land used for commercial and industrial activities, a large number of persons commute to neighboring areas. The majority of these commuters work in Suffolk County, although roadway improvements (i.e. extension of the Long Island Expressway) have allowed some to work in Nassau County and New York City. These numbers will remain small as travel time is considerable to points outside Suffolk County. The locations of employment for residents of the plan- ning area is on Table 3-32.[2] No figure is available as to the number of people in the labor force who actually work in the Town. Statistics for 1970 show Southold with a labor force of S,946 persons, ~16 years of age or older, lin Table 3-33 there is a breakdown of the labor force into occupational categories. More specific information, including changes between 1960 and 1970, is in Table 3-34.[2] Median family income improved significantly in Southold over the 10 year period ending in 1970. In 1960 the median family income was $5,386., while by 1970 that figure had jumped to $9,949.; an increase of 8S per cent. This trend has surpassed the increase for the whole of Suffolk County, which was 78 per- cent. Details on this information are on Table 3-35.[2] 3-108 I I I I ! I I I I I I ! I ! H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3-32 PLACE OF WORK OF SOUTHOLD RESIDtiNTS~ 1970 LOCATION NO. PERSONS* Nassau 161 Suffolk 5,048 Bronx 9 Kings 14 Manhattan 135 Queens 44 Richmond 0 Westchester 12 Other** 360 Not Reported 214 5,997 Nassau-Suffolk New York City*** 5,209 202 *Number of Persons at work during Census taking. **Includes counties in New York State, New Jersey, Connecticut and other areas outside of the New York standard metropoli- tan statistical area. ***Includes Southold residents who worked :in New York City, but did not specify county. I 3-109 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3~33 BREAKDOWN OF SOUTHOLD'S LABOR FORCE BY OCCUPATION, 1970' (I) (a) (b) OCCUPATION White-Collar Occupations Professional, Technical, Kindred Engineers Physicians, Dentists, Related Practitioners Health Workers, except Practitioners Teachers, Elementary [ Secondary Technicians, except Health Other Profes-sionals Non-Farm Managers ~ Adminis tlators Salaried: Manufacturing Retail Trade Other Self-Employed: Retail Trade Other (c) Sales Workers Manufacturing & Wholesale Trade Retail Trade Other NO. OF WORKERS A B C D 2,885 874 53 77 123 276 61 284 S97 444 37 77 330 153 74 79 409 53 228 128 3-110 I I H2M CORP. HOILZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3-33 (CONT'D.) I I I I I I I I I I I I I ! i I ( I (II) OCCUPATION cont'd. (d) Clerical & Kindred Workers Bookkeepers Secretaries, Steno- graphers, Typists (a) (b) Other Blue-Collar Occupations Craftsmen, Foremen, Kindred Auto Mechanics & Body Repairmen Mechanics & Repairmen, NO. OF WORKERS except: Auto Machinists Metal Craftsmen, except Nechanics & Machinists Carpenters Construction Craftsmen Other Operatives Manufacturing: Durable Goods Non-Durable Goods Non-Manufacturing: Transport Equipment Operatives: Truck Drivers Other A B C D 1,0.0S 172 564 469 1,997 956 104 158 21 47 132 232 262 639 263 166 97 184 192 77 115 3-111 I I I I I I I I I I I I I ! I H2M CORP. HOILZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3-33 (CONT'D.) NO. OF I*JORKERS OCCUPATION A B C D (II) cont' d. (c) Non-Farm Laborers 402 Construction Laborers 81 Freight, Stock, Material 4? Handlers Other Laborers 2?4 (I]I) Farm Occupations 297 Farmers & Farm Mgrs. iL84 Farm Laborers, Foremen 113 (IV) Service Occupations 767 Cleaning Service 169 Food Service 1221 Healtlh Serv{ce 84 Personal Service 84 Protective Service 101 Private Household 85 Workers Other Service Workers 23 TOTAL 5,946 *Refers to persons 16 years of ago and older. 3-112 ! I, I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER. McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. (I) [III) (IV) TABLE 3-34 INDUSTRY OF EHPLOYMENT OF SOUTHOLD RESIDENTS INDUSTRY 1 9 6 0 1 9 7 0 Mining 8 5 Construct ion, 590 573 Manufacturing 466 6 72 (a) Durables: 296 411 Furniture, Lumber, 4 10 ~Vood Products Metal Industries 0 27 Machinery 134 149 Transportation 245 200 Equipment Other Durables 13 25 (b) Non-Durables: 170 261 Food & Kindred Products 94 64 Textile & Apparel 8 93 Products Printing, Publishing, 58 65 Allied Industries Other Non-Durables 10 39 Transportation~ Communi- 241 342 cation, Utflitzes ....... (a) Railroad & Railway 33 5 Express Services (b) Other Transportation 101 179 (c) Communications, Util- 107 158 ities, Sanitary Ser- vices 3-113 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3-34 (CONT'D.) INDUSTRY 1 9 6 0 1 9 7 0 (V) Wholesale & Retail Trades ~_7~5~0 ..... 1,244 (a) Wholesale Trade 137 244 (b) Retail Trade 613 1,000 (VI) Services 916 1,762 (a) Business & Repair 112 255 Services (b) Personal Services: 232 318 Private Households 111 105 Other 121 213 (c) Professional & 572 1,189 Kindred Services: Hospitals 111 172 Educational 306 511 Other 155 506 (VII) public Administration 536 569 ~VIII) Other (includes 1,204 779 unclassified) tOTALS 4,711 5,946 3-114 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. [1] [2) TABLE 3-35 NUNBER OF FAMILIES IN SOUTttOLD BY INCOME CLASS $8 000 $9 ooo $1o ooo $15 000 $25 ooo TOTALS INCOME Under $1,000. $1,000. 1 999. $2,000. 2 999. $3,000. 3 999. $4,000. 4 999. $5,000. $ 999. $6,000 6 999. $7 000 7 999. - 8 999. - 9 999. - 14,999. ~24,999. & Over Median Family Income (Southold) Median iFamily Income (Suffolk County) 1959 data includes all of age and older. 1969 data includes all of age and older. persons persons NO. OF FJJ~ILIES 195911] (%) 1969[2] (%) 27o (7.~) lo8 (2.3) 232 (6.3) 96 (2.0) 299 (18.1) 146 (3.1) 386 (]0.4) 157 (3.4) 472 (].2.6) 231 (5.0) 503 (13.6) 254 (5.5) 368 (19.9) 331 (7.1) 33Z (9.0) 418 (8.9) 252 (6.8) 331 (7.1) 140 (3.8) 276 (5.9) 322 (8.7) 1,268 (27.2) 80 (2.2) 810 (17.4) 49 (1.3) 238 (5.1) 3,705 4,661 $5,386. $9,949. 85% 78% $6,795. $12,084. in the ]Labor force 14 years in the ]labor force 16 years 3-115 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. The 1977 taxable assessment of real properties in the Inc. Village of Greenport was $3,846,000. There are also special franchises (i.e. utility lands) that are valued at $98,611. The combination of the two, sets the 1977 assessment role for Green- port at $3,944,611. The rate of taxation for that year was $6.37 for each $100. of assessed value of the land.[1] At that rate, the amount of property taxes due to the Village was $251,271.72.. With the area having 950 taxable properties, the average amount paid per property was $264.50 in 1977. Taxes, combined with level of income, are important con- siderations when anticipating costs of wastewater improvements. Projections as to the value of properties or the rate of taxation are not available. The level of income, however, is expected to increase as mere commercial and industrial areas are established within Southold and neighboring Riverhead. This increase is a good indication of Southold's positive economic trend. REFERENCES [1] Christianson, Elizabetk, Village Office, Inc. Village of Greenport, Personal Communication, ~arch 1, 1978. [2] Nassau-Suffolk Regional Planning Board, Long Island Economic Funds: Technical Supplement, a profile of the Nassau-Suffolk labor force, ~arch 1973. [3] Nassau-Suffolk Regional Planning Board, 1975 Land Use, Pre- liminary Data, January 1978. [4] Suffolk County Planning Department, The Suffolk County Cata- logue., 1975. [5] Wagner, Margaret, Nassau~Suffolk Regional Planning Board, Personal Communication, January 30, 1978. 3-116 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. 3.1.4 Water Supplies 3.1.4.1 Public and Individual Water Supplies There are no surface streams or lakes of appreciable size or quality :for potable water supply within the Town limits, thus the primary source of potable water for the Town of Southold is ground water. The sole source of accretion is rainfall/recharge which makes the ground water aquifer very sensitive to quality changes from wastewater/agricultural recharge. The water system owned and operated by the Village of Greenport is the only municipal public water system in Southold. This system provides fresh water for domestic use and fire protection service in areas within and adjacent to th~ Village of Greenport and the hamlet of Southold. There are also a £ew small private water systems which supply water to groups of homes. Table 3-36A lists data pertaining to the water supply systems within the study area. Most of the homes and business establishments that are not supplied by the Greenport system obtain their water from small individual driven wells. The Village of Greenport owns and operates six well fields, only four of which are water supply system. The original well hated as Well Field No. Moores Lane within the for water supply was of any important significance in the public [1] field of the Village of Greenport, desig- 1 was adjacent to the Power Plant at Village. The use of the No. 1 Well Field discontinued many years ago because of 3-117 I ! I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZI~ACHER, McLENDON and MURR£LL, TABLE 3-36A WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS WITHIN THE STUDY AREA WATER POP. SERVED AVE. DISTRICT (1973) # OF WELLS PUM]?AGE (MGD) 1973 TEST DATA NITRATES CHLORIDES I I I I I I I I I I I I I Greenport 7531 7 .7:31 10.8 45.5 Captain Kidd 547* 2 .0129 3.2 29.0 Estates Rabbit Lane 85* 2 .0D8 3.9 24.0 Assoc. Brown Hills 35* 1 .003 12.0 55.5 Estates TOTAL 8198' 12 .821 * seasonal population 3-118 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. excess chlorides and bacteria contamination. It is now used for cooling water at the Power Plant. The cooling water is returned to the ground. Later, additional wells were drilled at Well Field No. 2 (presently not in use) on Moorss Lane about 2,000 feet north of the Power House and at Well Field No. 3 near the intersection of Moores Lane and North Road. As the system was expanded and withdrawals of water from Well Field Nos. 2 and 3 increased, Well Field No. 4 (3 wells) was developed in the East Marion area. Well Field Nos. 5 and 6 are located outside of the Village of Greenport in Southold Hamlet. Figure 3-15 shows the location of the six well fields described above. It also shows the easterly and westerly limits of the franchise area of the Greenport system and area served by other private water systems. Water storage for the Inc. Village of Greenport water system consists of a 300,000 gallon elevated steel tank. Table 3-36 is a summary of well supplies for the Village of Greenport, showing depth and capacities. Tables 3-37 through 3-40 provide information on the water supply operations for the Inc. Village of Greenport Water Department from January 1, 1977 to December 31, 1977. There have been studies to develop new municipal wells on the west side of Great Pond and near Laurel and Maratooka Lake. A proposed Cutchogue-Mattituck Water District has also been under consideration. [2] 3-119 I ! I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. REFERENCES Inc. Village of Greenport, Recommended Improvements to the Water Supply System, Holzmacher, McLendon & Murrell, P.C., October 1972. [21 [3] Town of Southold, Suffolk County, New York, Proposed Cutchogue-Mattituck Water District, Holzmac e~, McLendon & Murrell, P.C., June 1972. Water Department Village of Greenport, Water Supply Operations 1/1/77-12/31/77. 3-120 I I I I I I I I I I I I ,I i I I I / ,-, ,'~ STUDY NEW YORK . ~/~" AREA--, ~' KEY MAP NEW ; ..... < LEGEND .4 .¥ l~ S ( ~ [ ' ,V i ,' · WELL TOWN OF SOUTHOLD-INC. VILLAGE OF WASTEWATER FACILITIES STUDY LOCATION OF WELL FIELDS 8~ 4OOO GREENPORT WATER SERVICE FRANCHISE AREA HOLZMACHER, McLENDON & MURRELL RC. /H 2M CORP. H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3-3611] INC. VILLAGE OF GREENPORT SUH?,~RY OF WELL SUPPLIES WELL OR WELL Pb%lP NO. FIELD RECOI',I- D.E.C. DIA- NO. OLD HENDED NO. DEPTH METER PUIqP CAPAC I TY C;. P. 1 4 1-1 S-1668 -- Dug 150 Elec. 1 5 1-2 S-1669 -- Dug 1S0 Elec. 2 2 2-1 *S-1670 3S' Dug SC, Elec. 2 -- 2-2 S-3978 SS' 4" -- 3 3 3-1 **S-1673 45-57' 6" 500 Common to to Suction 3-6 S-1678 Elec. 4 6 4-6 S-3697 79' 8" 200 Diesel 4 7 4-7 S-3693 79' 8" 200 Diesel RE}lARKS OR USE Power Plant Cooling Power Plant Cooling Public Supply (Reserve) Observation Public Supply ., Public Supply Public Supply 4 8 4-8 S-14795 80.5' 8" 5 2 5-2 S-170 60' 10" 100 Diesel Public Supply -- Not in Use S 3 5-3 S-3045 S4.5' 8" 150 Not in Use 5 4 5-4 S-4163 44' 6" 50 Elec. Not in Use DWT 5 S 5-5 S-169 60' 10" 200 Elec. Public: Supply 6 -~ 6-1 S-24850 94' 12" 550 Elec. DWT & Diesel Public Supply 6 -- 6-2 S-24851 77' 12" 200 Elec. I)WT Public Supply *Two other Wells, S-1671 & S-1672 - 6" Wells - Abandoned Due to Salinity **Shown originally as 6 Wells (S-178) Old Pump No. 1 shown on Village records is surface water to recharge Plant No. 3 [1] Inc. Village of Greenport, Recommended Improvements to the Water Supply System, Holzmacher, McLendon & Murrell, P.C., October 1972 3-122 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3-3711] INC. VILLAGE OF GREENPORT PUMPAGE FOR CALENDAR YEAR 1977 (PUHPAGE IN THOUSAND GALLONS) WELL* WELL WELL WELL FIELD FIELD FIELD FIELD MONTH #1 #2 #3 #4 JAN. - ..... 365 7,433 FEB. _ ........ 6,505 MAR. - ..... 584 10,485 APR. --- 230 5,237 l~y ...... 1,433 7,869 JUNE ...... 324 7,156 JULY ...... 5,864 8,984 AUG. - ..... 2,608 10,442 SEPT. - ........ 8,684 OCT. - ........ 7,445 NOV. - ........ 7,296 DEC. - ..... 54 7,287 WELL FIELD #5 2 158 1 431 3 048 1 737 1 680 1 109 1.627 742 616 1,048 1,445 1,461 WELL FIELD #6 10,338 12,789 8,052 16,335 19,254 22,653 26,305 23,178 18,092 16,474 11,627 9,618 TOTAL PUHPAGE 20.294 20.725 :22 169 23 539 30 236 31 242 42,780 36,970 27,392 24,967 20,368 18,420 TOTAL ...... 11,462 94,823 18,102 194,715 319,102 *Water from this well field is used only for cooling water purposes the Village's power plant [1] Wator Department, Village of Greenport, Walter Supply Operations 1/1/77-12/31/77. at 3-123 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3-38 [1] INC. VILLAGE OF GREENPORT NUHBER OF SERVICES YEAR OUTSIDE VILLAGE VILLAGE TOTAL 1977 800 1,385 2,185 1976 795 1,346 2,141 197S 801 1,320 2,121 1974 786 1,287 2,073 1973 793 1,241 2,034 1972 797 1,185 1,982 1971 787 1,079 1,866 1970 790 1,054 1,844 1969 780 1,002 1,~Z82 1968 772 972 1,744 1967 782 918 1,700 1966 778 872 1,650 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 [1] Water Department, Inc. Village Operations 1/1/77-12/31/77. 1,486 1,457 1,444 1,437 1,383 3-124 of Greenport, Water Supply I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3-39 [1] INC. VILLAGE OF GREENPORT PUHPAGE - PUBLIC WATER SUPPLY YEAR TOTAL YEARLY PUMPAGE 1977 319,102,000 1976 318,171,000 1975 300,748,000 1974 309,244,000 103 GPD 874 872 824 847 1973 288,173,000 790 1972 288,163,000 781 1971 283,327,000 776 1970 239,169,000 655 1969 237,723,000 651 1968 240,340,000 658 1967 204,528,000 560 1966 222,442,000 609 1965 175,476,000 481 1964 183,255,000 502 1963 196,333,000 538 1962 180,637,000 495 1961 168,804,000 462 [1] Water Department, Village of Greenport, Operations 1/1/77-12/31/77. 3-125 Water Supply I I I I I I I I I ! I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3-4011] INC. VILLAGE OF GREENPORT PEAK PU~4PAGE VALUES 1977 Peak >..1onth Peak Day Peak System Day 103 Days 13 Days 0 Days July 42,780,000 Gals. July 5, 1977 1,914,000 Gals. August S, 1974 2,176,000 Gals. Pumpage over 1 million gallons Pumpage over 1.5 million gallons Pumpage over 2 million gallons [1] Water Department, Village of Greenport, Water Supply Operations 1/1/77-12/31/77. 3-126 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C, 3.1.4.2 Agricultural Water Supplies For many years, Southold producers of potatoes, cauliflower, and other vegetable crops have utilized spray irrigation to supplement rainfall during an average period of 16 weeks each summer. The amount of water used varies with the weather pattern and soil condition. Water used for irrigation comprises a major part of the water withdrawn each year from the ground. Figure 3-16 shows the total farmland in the planning area from 1930 to 1964, based upon the results of the United States Census. Also shown on this figure are the acres of cropland harvested and the acres of farmland irrigated in the years 1954, 1959 and 1964. The number of acres of farmland has been projected to the year 1995 on the basis of the expected increase in population within the Town. 3-127 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 3o,ooc ze,o<:x Z6,,0OO 24D00 22,000 20,000 I&,000 hi 14.OO(: 4,00(: 2,00C 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 YEAR AGRICULTURAL LAND USE* *INCLUDES ACTIVE AND VACANT AGRICULTURAL LAND USE TOWN OF SOUTHOLD - INC. VILLAGE OF GREENPORT WASTEWATER FACILITIES STUDY I~1OI ZMACHER, McLENDON & MURRELL , RC. /H 2 M CORP. Ml~kvl[L[. NY. FARM, INGDA LIE. N.Y. C~!~ULTING ENGINEERS. PLANNERS and ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTISTS 3-!28 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. 3.1.5 Other Existing Environmental Conditions 3.1.5.~L Existing Air Quality The climatology of the region is basically continental rather than coastal. The region has prevailing westerly winds and is generally free from urban effects. Large-scale migratory weather systems cause frequent changes in air masses, which makes the area low in potential for air pollution episodes. At present, there are no major sources of air contamination in or near the study area. There are some significant potential air pollution sources within the study area, including the Greenport Light & Power Company, the Coragini & Sons asphalt hatching plant and the Robert Cooper fish processing plant. However, none of them could be considered to place any air pollution constraints on the study area. Air quality in the region consistently meets all applicable Federal and State air quality standards, except for photochemical oxidants which is a regional problem. This judgment is based upon air quality data available from the Riverhead Air Quality Monitoring Station, located in Southampton and discussions with the SCDEC. The Southold/Greenport study area is classified as Level 1 in the New York State Air Quality Standards. This means that ambient air quality must meet the most stringent air quality standards applicable within the State. This differentiation between air quality criteria within the State applies only to suspended particulates. 3-129 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRFLL, P.C. Suspended particulates are monitored continuously for 24 hours every sixth day at tixe Riverhead station. The air quality standard requires that 50 per cent of the 24 hour average con- centrations must be below 45 micrograms per cubic meter (ug/m3). In addition, 84 per cent of the data must be below 70 ug/m3. The Riverhead station data indicates that 50 per cent of the 24 hour averages are below 27 ug/m3 and that 84 per cent are below 45 ug/m3. This data, which covers calendar 1975, indi- cates that the Southold/Greenport area's air quality is well below the State's most stringent standard for this key parameter of air quality. Data available for other monitoring stations in the County and for other air quality parameters (e.g. sulfur dioxide), sup- ports the conclusion that air quality in the Southold/Greenport study area is generally excellent. 3-130 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. 3.1.5.2 Existing Noise Levels The environmental sound levels in the Southold/Greenport study area are what one would expect for such residential and rural areas in a temperate climate. The area does not contain major noise sources like heavily trafficked throughways, busy ports, or major industrial facilities. The present sound levels are established by the sounds of human activity -- mostly other vehicles -- and by sounds of natural origin. One could reasonably expect that ambient sound levels would vary markedly from place to place in the study area and from time to time in any particular location. It would be quieter in winter than in summer and quieter at night than during the day. Higher ambient sound levels could also be expected near the shore due to surf. Average daytime sound levels would also be higher in areas cultural machinery. sound levels, of heavy traffic and due to the use of agri- In general, the study area has low ambient typical for a rural-residential area. 3-131 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. 3.1.5.3 Energy Production and Consumption A. Town of Southold Electricity and gas is supplied to tke study area by the Long Island Lighting Company (LILCO). LILCO's operation is controlled by public service laws regulated by the New York State ?ublic Service Commission (PSC). In Southold the PSC governs rates, safety measures, extension of services, quality of supply as well as corporate activities related to administration and finance. The three functions of supply of electricity are generation, transmission and distribution. Some aspects of each take place in Southold. LILCO operates ten electrical generating stations, one of which is located in the study area.. Transmission of electrical power is handled by the trans- mission lines visually familiar to the people of the region. Two transmission systems - the 138 kilovolts and the 69 kilo- volts - crisscross Suffolk County in righ~t-of-ways which vary in widths ~from 10 to 300 feet. LILCO's major distribution voltage used is 13,600 volts. LILCO supplies Nassau and Suffolk Counties with approxi- mately 300 million cubic feet of natural gas per day. Natural gas at 1,000 BUT/cf is purchased from Transcontinental Gas Pipe Line Corp., Tennessee Gas Transmission Co. and Texas Eastern Gas Corp. which is received into the LILCO pipeline system. Electric and gas sales of LILCO are shown on Table 3-41. 3-132 I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. SALES TABLE 3-41 TOWN OF SOUTHOLD OF ELECTRICITY BY LILCO YEAR 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 RESIDENTIAL SALES KWH 41,619,856 46,158,143 46,193,418 47,967,794 51,445,449 COMMERCIAL & INDUSTRIAL SALES KWH 25,181,265 26,468,621 24,059,668 25,518,853 25,681,074 TOWN OF SOUTHOLD SALES OF GAS BY LILCO YEAR TOTAL SALES KWH 66,801,121 72,626,770 70,253,086 73,486,647 77,126,523 COMMERCIAL & RESIDENTIAL INDUSTRIAL TOTAL SALES SALES SALES CU.FT. CU.FT. CU.FT. 1973 165,274.8 149,545.3 314,140.1 1974 165,456.8 123,505.7 288,962.5 1975 153~540.8 116,197.9 269,738.7 1976 151~549,8 113,539.9 265,087.7 1977 167~512.7 124,182.6 2911,695.3 3-133 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. B. Inc. Village of Greenport The Inc. Village of Greenport has the capability to generate power from a municipal power plant located on Moore's Lane in Greenport. The generating plant has six (6) diesel engines, but use only three (3) to generate all the power needed by the Village. The following are a list of the diesel englnes at the plant: Unit #1 - 416 KW Unit #2 270 ~ Unit #3 720 KW Unit #4 1250 KW Unit #5 1875 ~ Unit #6 3840 KW Generators #4, #5 and #6 are the three that are used most efficiently by the Village for a total kilowatt output of 6965 ~ at a voltage of 4160 volts. There are four (4) outgoing feeders throughout the service area which .are controlled at the municipal power plant. The plant is manned 24 hours a day. The Inc. Village of Greenport has entered into an agreement with the Power Authority of the State of New York for less ex- pensive upstate hydro-power. The agreement was entered into June 1976 and power should be available when the Village com- pletes transmission facilities. 3-134 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. At the present time the municipal power plant uses approxi- mately 1,000,000 gallons of fuel oil each year :for the generating operating. When the purchasing of upstate hydro-power becomes available, there will no longer be a need to use high price diesel oil. The sales of power in the village are as follows: SALES OF ELECTRICITY (GENERATED BY GREENPORT) YEAR 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 C0~ERCIAL & RESIDENTIAL INDUSTRIAL OTHER TOTAL SALES SALES SALES SALES TOTAL KWH KWH KWH KWH GENERATED 4,80(5,602 6,409,138 708,546 4,933,007 6,637,789 720,020 5,250,648 6,833,841 752,028 5,359,925 6,632,049 732,002 5,725,452 6,736,549 836,457 ~L1,924,286 12,290,816 12,836,517 12,723,976 13,298,458 13,599,000 14,082,500 14,528,000 14,836,000 16,095,000 SALES OF ELECTRICITY (IN DOLLARS BY GRt~BNPORT) YEAR 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 RESIDENTIAL SALES $155,131.02 190,004.12 288,664.04 303,741.85 332,431.18 CO}~ERCIAL INDUSTRIAL SALES $207,357.82 250,035.87 363,864.27 371,318.34 387,373.03 OTHER SALES $22,593.97 29,447.41 44,385.17 42,864.66 50,774.07 TOTAL SALES $385,082.81 469,487.40 696,913.48 717,924.85 770,578.28 3-135 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON a~d MURRELL, P.C. SALES OE ELECTRICITY (SUPPLIED BY LILCO) YEAR 1973 1974 1975 1.976 1.977 RESIDENTIAL SALES KWH 78,581.0 64,604.0 COi'I}IERCI AL & IHDUSTRIAL SALES KWH 3-136 TOTAl, SALES 78,581.0 64,604.0 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. 3.1.5.4 Cultural Resources This section proved]es a brief summary of the cultural re- sources of the Soutbold peninsula. Southold To~n is very rich in significant historical and archeological sites, some of which could be impacted by the implementation of wastewater alternatives. The follox.zing description of the history of the regic, n emphasizes the probability that subsurface artifacts may be found anywhere in ti~e re!lion. Therefore, prior to or during excavation, professional site evaluation should be made te determine the prese~ce of artifacts and make provisions for salvage. To tile greatest extent possible, excavations should be made in [previously disturbed area. The surviving structures and sites of historical signifi- cance have 'been identified. As most of these are fairly well set back from roads, construction of collection systems would ]lave no adverse effect. Nevertheless, their location must be considered during the planning of collection systems or treat- ment facilities. A. PaleontologX Due to its relatively recent formation during the last gla- ciation and the nature of the sediments, very few fossils of any type are found on Long Island. There have been no signifi- cant fossil finds in the study area. 3-137 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I i I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. B. Indian Cultures Long Island is believed to have been populated by aboriginal peoples as £ar back as 12,000 years B.P. Although burial or oc- cupation sites dating before about 4,000 years B.P. have never been found, fluted projectile points, indicative of very early cultures have been uncovered at various places. Fluted points of the folsom and clovis tyae were used by aboriginal hunters to fell the large game that was present on Long Island during the last glacial episode. Of less than a dozen known fluted points ffound on Long Island, two have been uncovered within the study area. One of the ttvo points was found in Greenport and the other was found in Cutchogue. lqumerous sites of a very early Indian culture have been found in the study area, particularly in Orient Point region (known as the "Orient focus"). The Orient focus dates to ap- proximately 3,000 B.P. and represents a transitional culture between the archaic and woodland Indians. The burial sites found in Orient are rich in artifacts and are indicative of elaborate ritualistic religious ceremonies. Clay pottery was not made in this culture and the sites thus contain bowls that were carved out of soapstone. The study area was most likely continuously populated by a fairly large number of Indians for the past 3,000 years, as woodland Indian sites in the area are numerous, especially along its southern shore. The site og Fort Corchaug, an old Indian fort located in Cutchogue was excavated by Dr. Solecki of 3-138 H2M CORP. HOILZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. Columbia Histo~'ic Places. dwelling place of a very active and University and is no~ on the Natic, nal llegister of Fort Corchaug is believed[ to l~ave been the tile Sachem of the Corchaug Indians and was important Indian village during the early years o£ English colonization. At the time of colonization, the North Fork had been settled for at least 1,000 years by the Corchaug Indians of the Algonquin Nation. }iany other sites in the area have produced a large number o~[ artifacts including pottery. A large collection of Indian artifacts and informa- tion on archeological digs in the study area may be found at the Indian Huseum of the New York State Archeological Associa- tion located on Bayview Road in Southold. Known Indian occupa- tion sites are shown on Figure 3-17. Artifacts, middens, burials, and other sites of habitation may be found almost anywhere with- in the study area. For this reason the entire Southold area may be considered sensitive to excavation. C. Early History Southold Town was permanently settled in 1640 and vies with Southampton Town as being the first successful English settle- ment in New York State. There was a temporary settlement in what is now Southold Town as early as 1618 when men from the New England colonies arrived to exploit the then extensive pine forests around Arshamomoque Creek. In 1640 about 50 Puritans, representing 13 families, arrived in Southold from the New Haven Colony to form a permanent settlement. Farming, supplemented by fishing and shellfishing were the primary industries o~ tlhe newly 3-139 I ! I I I I CONNECTICUT / ~ STUDY '- - / KEY MAP L[GEND SPECIFIC STRUCTURES OR SITES LISTED tN TABLE 3-42 INDIAN HABtTATION S'ITES GRAVE SITES PRIOR TO 200O 0 TOWN OF SOUTHOLD-INC, VILLAGE OF GREENPORT WASTEWATER FACILITIES STUDY HISTORICAL 8~ ARCHEOLOGICAL SIT- AND STRUCTURES_ HOLZMACHER. McLENDON · MURRELL, RC, JH2M CORP. C(~$1JLTIN6 ENGINE[RS. pLANNERS I~ ENWl~ENTAL ~CI[NTII'T'~ 3 - 140 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENOON and MURRELL, P.C. formed colony. In later years, commercial £ishing, ship build- ing and whaling gained importance° From the time of settlement Southold was a part of the Con- necticut Colony until 1676 when it was included in the New York Colony under the Andros Patent. Southold ~rew into a fairly prosperous colony although it always remained a rural community and was never densely populated. People in the area led a fairly peaceful existence until the War for Independence in 1776. Dur- ing the American Revolution, Southold Town was politically split and was occupied by British troops. Hany of the local patriots were forced to flee to Connecticut to escape persecution. The Hessian mercenary troops had a large encampment in Southold along what is now called Ackerly Pond Lane.. greenport, in particular, suffered during the Revolution because of their refusal to feed and quarter British soldiers. The Southold area was little affected by the War of 1812. Although British ships blockaded gardiners Bay and Block Island Sound, shipping between Southold Town and New York City continued with little interference. By the 1840's greenport had grown into a major shipping port with many whaling vessels and packet steamboats. In 1844 the railroad from New York to greenport was completed and Greenport became a link in the rail-steamboat route to Boston. There was never any large scale industry in Southold Town and the area remained primarily an agricultural and fishing community into the 20th century. 3-141 I I I I ! I I I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACIHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. D. Historic Sites and Structures Due to its early settlement and continued rural develop- ment many structures of historical or architectural signifi- cance remain within the study area. There are five very active Historical Societies within the Town of Southold that maintain a number of historic buildings and files of historic informa- These Historical Societies are: 1. Southold Historical Society Main St. Southold, New York Cutchogue-New Suffolk Historical Hain Rd. and Cases La. Cutchogue, Ne~ York 3. ~4attituck Historical Society Main Rd. Mattituck, New York tion. e Council Oyster Ponds Historical Society Village La. Orient, New York 5. Stirling Historical Society Greenport, New York In addition, the Whitaker Historical Collection at the Southold Free Library contains many records, books and docu- ments on the early history of Southo]d Town. In 1960 the Southold Historical Society published a book describing 64 markers that they had placed on historic sites and buildings in Southold, Peconic and Arshamomoque. The loca- tions of the most historically significant structures in South- old Town are shown on Figure 3-1__7 and the corresponding names and descriptions are listed in Table 3-4___2. There are two 3-142 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3-42 SELECTED SITES AND STRUCTUr~ES OF HISTORICAL AND ARCHEOLOGtCAL SIGNIFICANCE IN THE TOWN OF SOUTHOLD~ NY 1. HUDSON-YODNG HOUSE (c. Fre-~8±5): l.~a]n Rd., Laurel. Private. 2. BAILEY-HORTON-HUSING HOUSE (c.1800): 018 Hain ?~d~ (south side J, Mat~]tuck. Private. 3. PIKE-BARKER-KEOGH HOUSE (c.1780): 875 Pike St. (third house ~est of Wic~am Av.), 'Mattituck. Private. One of the few ho~ses in the center of Hattituck in the 18th century. 6. 7. 8. 13. WELLS-HOWELL HOUSE (1766): Hain Rd. Wicl<ham Av., on south), Mattituck. was exilec! during the Revolution. (£irst house west of Private. William Wells V REEVE-PI~{ HOUSE c.late 1700's): Ne~ Suffolk Ave. (north- west corner of Reeve Av.), Mattituck. Private· WINES-RUL~ND HOUSE (c.1750): Main Rd. (north-ea~;t corner of Mill La.), Mattituck. Private. Later additions. OLD SCHOOL HOUSE (parts c.pre-1815): iHain Rd., Mattituck. Private. Now a barn, ~ith additions on both sides. LUPTON-BENEDICT-GRAEB HOUSE (c.1796): 16645 Main Rd. house east of Maratooka Ay., on north), ~attituck. Many extensions to a Cape Cod. CORWIN HOb~STEAD (c.1815): Hain Rd. (third structure east of #9), Mattitdck. Not maintained. Wooded. CHAUNCEY TUTHILL HOUSE (c.1750): Main Rd. (at north-east corner of Elijah's La.), Mattituck. Private. WINES-HORTON-SLATER HOUSE (c.1750): Main Rd. (north-east corner of Alvah's La.), Cutchogue. Private. Well restored. WICKHAM FAPut{HOUSE (c.1700): Village Green (west side of Cases La. off Main Rd.), Cutchogue. Public. Built by Caleb Horton. (first Private. THE OED HOUSE (c.1649): Village Green. (east side of Cases La.), Cutch0gue. Public. The oldest surviving example of English colonial, domestic architecture. It was the home of Tory supervisor Parker Wickham during the Revolution and is now on the National Register of Historic Places. 3-143 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3-42 (CONT'D.) 14. THE OLD PLACE (1680): New Suffolk Rd. (first house south of parking, on east side), Cutchogue. Private. Gambrel roof. Built by the son of William Wells. 15. OLD HARBOR HOUSE (ACKER-EICHNER-WHITE) (mid 1700's): Old Harbor Rd. (first house on west from New Suffolk Rd. inter- section), New Suffolk. Private. Formerly a fisherman's cottage. 16. JOSEPH WICKH~,~ ("HONEYHOON COTTAGE") HOUSE (1750): }lain Rd. (first house east of bank on south), Cutchogue. Real Estate Office. At one time four honeymooners lived here at the same time. Built for the Town tanner at the center of the Village. 17. SITE OF WELLS HOUSE (1753): Main Rd. (Grocery store now), Cutchogue. 18. EARLY HOUSE (c.pre-1815): ?,lain Rd. (second east of Pequash Av., on north), Cutchogue. Private. 19. COL. B. CASE-ZAVESKI HOUSE (c.pre-181S): Hain Rd. (opposite Skunk La., on north), Cutchogue. Private. 20. THE "OLD CASTLE" - BAUER HOUSE (c.1724): Main Rd. (second house west of Indian Neck La., on north side), Peconic. Private. Home of Col, Hutchinson. 21. S~.~JEL CORWIN-STERN~}~N HOUSE (1770's): ~ain Rd. east of Police, on north), Peconic. Private. 22. WILLIAM HORACE OVERTON HOUSE (1815): Peconic La. of first house south of Post Office parking lot, side), Peconic. Private. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. ISAAC OVERTON-RICH HOUSE (c.1791): North Rd.-Rt. west corner of Peconic La.), Peconic. Private. (just (in back on west 27A (south- PRE-REVOLUTIONARY HOUSE (c.1770's): South Harbor La. (just south of Hiawatha's Path, on west), Southold. Private. BA~4ABAS HORTON'S KITCHEN (1640's): Bay View Rd. house south of Smith Dr. S., on east), Southold. Mr. Horton was the Village baker. (third Private. CASE HOUSE (c.1790's): Bay View Rd. ([second house north of Cedar Ay., on east), Southold. Priwtte. ABIJAH COREY HOUSE (c.1726): Bay View Rd. (southeast cor- ner of Cedar Av.)', Southold. Private. In 1726 Brush's Hill was the entrance to Hogg Necke. 3-144 I I I I I I I I I I I I I ! i ! I I' I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURR£LL, P.C. TABLE 3- 42 (CONT'D.) 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. DEACON J~J'IES HORTON HOUSE (c.1711): Bay View Rd. (just south of Jacobs La. curve, on east side), Southold. Private. Moved and enlarged in 1793. Hit by cannon balls during the Revolution. West wing was a small house on Corey Creek in 1711. FREGIFT WELLS HOUSE (1753): Bay View Rd. (just north of Glenn Dr., just south o£ Grange Rd.), Southold. Private. LAZARUS MANLY HOME (c.1706): Lower Rd. (at Akerly Pond La., south-west corner, next to cemetery), Southold. Private. JOSEPH REEVE HOMESTEAD (1677): Lower Rd. (on north, oppo- site cementery], Southold. Private. TOWN DOCTOR'S HOUSE (c.1740's): ed Bowery La., on north side, Rd.), Soothold. Private. Akerly Pond La. (also call- at intersection with Lower RICHARD TERRY HOUSE (c.1653): 48775 West Hain St. on north-west side, fourth house east of Jockey Southold. Private. Home of second Town Recorder. (Rt. 25, Creek Dr.), BALYES-TUTHILL-COREY HOUSE (c.1657~67): 48875 West Main St. (Rt. 25, on north-west side, just east of #34), Southold. Private. CHABOD CLEVELAND~GAGEN HOUSE (Rt. 25, two houses east o± c.1655 foundation. (1769): 49065 West Main St. #35), Southold. Private. On JOSEPH HORTON HOUSE (1653): third house west of Legion Hall, Southold. Private. LT. JOHN BUDD HOUSE (c.1660's): Tucker's La. (just south of LIRR, on east side), Southold. Private. John Budd, Sr., was a descendant of Richard Nevil, the Earl of Salisbury and Warwick. The Budd family was the wealthiest in Southold, and the home was large. House served as Inn: 1687-1737. JOHN BOOTH HOUSE (c.1657): 875 south of cemetery), Southold. Booth was a large landholder. Oaklawn Av. (east side, just Private. Haster or Ensign EARLY HOUSE (c.1815): Hain St. (north-east corner of Horton's La.), Southold. Private. In 1815 Miss Jennings Dame School. OLD BRICK SCHOOL ~1795): ~ain St. (on north side, across from Presbyterian C~urch), Southold. Town Clerk's Office. 3-145 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON andMURRELL P.C. TABLE 3-42 (CONT'D.) 41. 42. YONGES HOUSE 1656): Youngs Av. (on east side, of Mechanic St.), Southold. Private. THOMAS STORRS LESTER-BOOTH HOUSE south of inlet and park, on we~t Calves Neck), Southold. Private. of Ezra L'Hommedieu. just south (1815): Youngs Ay. (just as road bends entering Possibly 1784, a holding 43. JUSTICE ROBERT HEMPSTEAD-HARTRANFT HOUSE (c.1757): Main St. (north-east corner of Youngs Av.), Southold. Private. The silversmiths congregated here. 44. THO}~S MOORE HOUSE (c.pre-16S8): Main St. (just west of Hobart Av.), Southold. Public. Hoore was a shipbuilder, merchant and Town magistrate. 45. LT. MOSES CASE HOUSE (c.1747): North Rd.-Rt. 27A (second building west of Boisseau Av., on south), Southold. Real Estate Agency. Moved from Peconic. 46. EARLY HOUSE (c.pre-1815): North Rd.-Rt. 27A (just west of Bo±sseau Ave., on north), Southold. Private. 47. HORTON-PAYNE~KUHN HOUSE (c.pre-1812): Old North Rd. (third house east of Horton La., on north side), Sout~old. Private. 48. JEAN BOISSEAU~BENJAMIN L'H~EDIEU HOUSE (c.1690): 160 Lo- cust Ay. (first house on south), Southgld. Private. Moved from Harbor La. These two half-brothers are said to be the founders of New Rochelle, New York. 49. TILLINGHAST-COPIN HOMESTEAD (c.181S): Albertson La. (on west, just north of curve), Greenport. Private. S0. OLD PEEL PEACE (c.pre-1815): Albertson La. (on east, just on curve), Greenport. Private. 51. WILLIM,4 ALBERTSON HOUSE (c.1752): Kerwin Blvd. (at end of long drive which heads south from curve), Greenport. Pri- vate. 52. JAMES CORWIN HOUSE (c.pre-1815): Pipes Neck La. (just north of LIRR on east side), Greenport. Private. 53. KENDRICK-HENDLER HOUSE (c.1790): 152 Bay Av. (third house east of Carpenter St., on north side), Greenport. Private. 54. HARRIS-CHUTE HOUSE (c.late 1700's): 165 Sterling St. (near Sterling Basin, picket fence around it, on west side), Greenport. Private. Built on Connecticut rocks. 3-146 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 5-42 (CONT'D.) SS. 56. S7. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. COL. JOHN YOUNG-COYLE HOUSE (1688): 220 Champlin St. (be- tween Sterling Pl. and Bailey St., on north side), Green- port. Private. Co. Young's country home. YOUNG-WIGGINS HOUSE (c.1818): Main Rd.-Rt. 25 (just west country club, just east of Wiggins Lat.-, on north side), Greenport. Private. of FANE-SCHNEIDER HOUSE (c.pre-1815): Main Rd.-Rt. 25 (south- east corner of Gilette Dr.), East Marion. Private. GRIFFING-NOWELL HOUSE (c.1775): 7635 Main Rd.-Rt. 25 (Tth house east of Rocky Pt. Rd., 2nd east of Old Orchard Rd., on north side), East Marion. Private. HARMON TUTHILL HOUSE (c.1800): Main Rd. ly opposite Baptist Church, fifth house on north side), East Marion. Private. (diagonally easter- east of Stars Rd., WINTERS-OAKS-FISHER HOUSE (c.pre-1815): Main Rd.-Rt. 25 (fourth house east of Truman's Path, on north side), East Marion. Private. JOUSHUA FOURNIER-LIMOUZE HOUSE (c.pre-.1815): 11805 Main Rd. (second house west of water), East Marion. Private. RACKETT-NEWI~N HOUSE (c.1745): Oyster Ponds La. (second house north of Skipper La., on west side), Orient. Private. WEBB HOUSE (CONSTANT BOOTH INN) (c.1740): Village La. (sixth house south of Skipper La., on west, down towards water), Orient. Moved from Greenport. Private, but opened to public July-September, Tues., Thurs., Sat., Sun., 2-5 PM. SHAW HOUSE (1730): 1970 Village La. (just north of wharf, on west), Orient. Private. BUTTONWOOD TREE (Sycamore, American Plantanus occidentalis): Mazn Rd. a~d Youngs Rd. (at Village La., north side in middle of road), Orient. Planted by early settlers, per- haps as a marker. PEAKEN'S TAVERN-TERRY-BURDEN (c.1665):: Main Rd. (just as Old Main Rd. separates in fork, on north side, wooded), Orient Point. Private. Not maintained. No trespassing. Marked across Old Main Rd. DANIEL TUTHILL-HEINS HOMESTEAD (c,mid-.1700's): Main Rd, (just as Old Hain Rd. joins on north side, fence around), Orient Point. Private. 3-147 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENOON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3- 42 (CONT'D. 68. JONATHAN TERRY HOUSE (TERRYWOLD) (1730): Hain Rd. (just east of Terry Cemetery, on north, wooded), Orient Point. Private. 69. ORIENT POINT INN (1672): Hain Rd. (just as ferry line starts on north), Orient Point. Privat.e. Not maintained. Originally a small house used as an Inn, and a garrison for British troops. 70. 71. 72. 73. OCTAGON HOUSE (c.1850): Least altered Octagon house on Long Island,' on the National Register of Historic Places, Hain Rd., Mattituck. HORTON'S POINT LIGHTHOUSE: Commissioned by George Washing- ton and built in 1857, Lighthouse Rd., Southold. CAPTAIN KIDD'S TREE: It is said that the famous private hid some treasure unde'r one of the several large trees in this area. During the Revolutionary War, patriots from Connec- ticut, many of whom were originally from Southold, but were forced to flee British control of eastern Long Island, found refuge here on visits and raids. THE SITE OF FORT CORCHAUG: Is located on the west bank of Downs Creek in Cutchogue. It is a palisade of log walls 210 ft. by 160 ft., enclosing about three-quarters of an acre. The Indians manufactured "Wampum" out of shells for use throughout the area. The fort was excavated and re- searched by Dr. Ralph Solecki of Col~xmbia University, and is now on the National Register of Historic Places. 74. GREAT PINE SWAMP (FIVE WIGW~IS): Was the scene of Indian councils. "Pipes Neck" gets its name from the barrels that were made there for transporting whale oil, run and molasses. 75. STIRLING HISTORICAL SOCIETY: Operates the 1831 Hargaret Ireland house located at Harry H. Honsell Park o~ Hain St. at Adams St. in Greenport. 76. SITE OF HESSIAN ENC~,~PMENT: Hessian 'troops had a permanent encampment in this area ~then called "the Bouwrie") during the American Revolution. 77. FIVE ACRE INDIAN VILLAGE: The site of one of several In- dian Villages that existed in Orient before European settlement. [Sources: see "REFERENCES" at the end of t:his section, numbers [14], [9], [7], [13], [5] 3-148 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. structures in Southold Town that are on the National Register of Historic Places: the Old }louse in Cutchogue and the Gilder Sleeve-Andrew Octagon House in I, lattituck. The Old House, built about 1649 is believed to be the eldest surviving residence on Long Island and has been cited as one of the best examples of 17th century domestic architecture that itas survived in America. The Octagon House in Mattituck is the least altered example of this architectural type remaining on Long Island. In addition to the two mentioned structures, the Village of Orient is on the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district. There are many surviving structures in Southold Town dating from the 17th, 18th and early 19th centuries. Table 3-42 lists only those sites and structures that are considered to be the most historically significant and is presented only as an overview of the historic content of the area. Figure 3-17 also shows the locations of all of the gravesites in the study area prior to 1850. Hany of tl~e graveyards in the area are small and belong to only one family such as the Tuthill and Terry Cemeteries in Orient. The old burying ground in Southold contains graves as early as 1649. REFEREHCES [1] Baily, Paul, Early Long Island, published by Long Island Forum, Westhampton Beach, NY 1962. [2] Case, Albertson, Historical Sketch of Southold, reprint of speech delivered July 4, 1876. [3] Currie-Bell, Anne Hallock, Old Southold's Tercentenary, Country Life Press, Garden City, NY 1940. 3-149 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURREI. L, P.C. REFERENCES (cont'd.) [4] Flint, Hartha Bocke, Early Long Island, A Colonial Study, G.P. Putnam Sons, NY 1896. [5] Federal Register, National Register of Historic Places, Washington, D.C. [6] Griffin, Augustus, griffin's Journal~ First Settlers of Southold: The Names and Heads of Those Families, Orient, Long Island 1857. [7] Guide to Historic Harkers, Southold Historical Society 1960. [8] Hall, Warren, Pagans, Puritans and Patriots, Cutchogue-New Suffolk Historical Council 1975. [9] Il0] [ii] [i2] [i3] Historical Review, Oyster Ponds Historical Society 1959. Jefferson, Wayland, Southold and It's People in the Revolu- tionary Days, Traveler Press, Southold 1~32. Ritchie, lqm. A., The Archeology of New York State, American Huseum of Natural History, Natural History Press, Garden City, NY 1965. Smith, Carlyle Shreeve, The Archeology of Coastal New York, Anthropological Papers of American Huseum of Natural History, Vol. 43, Part 2, NY 1950. Southold Bicentennial Committee, Hap of Historic Sites of Southold Town Prior to 1815, 1976. [14] Suffolk County catalogue, Suffolk Cou:nty Planning Dept. 1975. [15] Whitaker, Epher D.D., Histor? of Southold~ Long Island~ Its 1st Century, printed for the author, Southold 1881. [16] Widersiky, Betsy ed., Southold in It's Early Years, A His- tory of Southold from It's Beginning to the Years Following the Revolution, Sout'hold High School, Class of 1965. [17] Personal Communication, Hrs. Nagdeline Goodrich, Southold Town Historian. [18] Personal Communication, Robert Hawkins, President, Long Island Chapter of the New York State Archeological Asso- ciation. [19] Personal Communication, Edgar Johanemann, Trustee, New York Archeological Council. 3-150 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. REFERENCES (cont'c~.) [20] Personal Communication, Ralph Selecki, Dept., Columbia University. [21] Personal Communication, George Wagner,~ Historical Society. [22] Personal Communication, Fran Woodward,~ Librarian. [23] Personal Communication, Ron Wyatt, at Garvies Point. 3-151 Ph.D., Anthropology Director, Southold Town of Southold Nassau County Huseum H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. 3.1.5.5 Plant and Animal Communities The ecological habitats found in the ]planning area are basically the same for Long Island in general and may be grouped into the following major categorie:s: ]. Inland forests and fields. 2. Inland swamps and flood plains. 3. Fresh water ponds. 4. Salt marshes. 5. Coastal habitats (dunes, beaches). ii. Coastal tidal waters. Ail of the above categories may support a diverse as- semblage of flora and fauna. A. Plant Communities Originally, before English colonization, most of Southold Township ~as covered by virgin red oak forests dominated by the American Chestnut (Castania dentata) and rea oak (Quercus borealis) with scarlet oak (Q. coccinea), white oak (Q. alba) and black oak (Q. velutina) mixed in. Lowland areas that were too wet to support the typical upland species were dominated by red maple and white cedar swamps.[16] Due to early land clearing for agriculture, no virgin forest stands remain in Southold Town. The American Chest- nut has been eliminated by an introduced blight and many fresh water wetlands and swamps have been drained, reducing the fre- quency of this community type. 3-152 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. Black locust (~obinia pseudoacacia), apple (Pyrus maleus) and blackcberry (Prunus serotina had been planted in abundance by £armers primarily to stop erosion in previously cleared areas. These three species now form a dominant woodland cover in many sections, especially along the bluf£s of the north shore.[16] The typical floral species of this community type are listed in Table 3-4__3. Hesophytic oak forests, differing in composition and domin- ant species, form another important upland community type within the planning area. Pitch pine (Pinus rigida) is occasionally found interspersed in the oak forests. J7] Beech and hickory have become more dominant in these communities after the eradica- tion of the American Chestnut by a blight during the 1920's and 1930's. Table 3-44 lists the dominant floral species of the mixed mesophytic oak forests in the planning area. A plant community that occurs primarily in the abandoned farm fields of Southold Town is the old field vegetation types. The vegetation of this community is important in coloniz- ing abandoned cleared areas and in providing a succession of species that results in favorable conditions for the young seed- lings of the oak forest community type. Ii6] Table 3-4_~5 lists the common vegetation and successional stages of old field com- munities in Sout~old Town. On Long Island the major tree species in swamps or flood- plain (Riparian) communities are red maple (Acer rub um) and black gum (~yssa sylvatica). Ail streams in Southold Town are 3-153 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3-43 CO~dHON VEGETATION OF THE BLACK LOCUST- BLACK CHERRY WOODLANDS OF SOUTHOLD TOWNSHIP COM~4UNITY STRUCTURE I. TREE DOHI NA/'~TS SPECIES Prunus serotina (Black Cherry) ~a' ps-eu-~cacia(Black Locust) I I. SUBDO14INP~TS Juniperus virginia~a (Red Cedar) Pyrus maleus (Apple) Ouercus ~-i-l-i-~ifolia (Scrub Oak) ~as variifolium (Sassafras) III. DOMINANT SHRUBS Rubus allegheniensis (Blackberry) ~-~'b-~cus canadensis (Elderberry) ~ pensylvanicf (Bayberry) um acerifolium (Dockmakie) IV. DOHINANT VINES Lonicera japonica (Japanese Honeysuckle) Smilax ~o~ia (Greenbrier) ~ radicans (Poison Ivy) V. DOMINANT HERBS Impatiens capensis (Spotted Jewel Weed) Galium tri~Bedstraw) ~ sp~p. (Goldenrod) p,-~, ild Onion) ~a quadrisculata (Enchanter's Nightshade) Heuchera sR. (Alum Root) ~ca americana (Poke Weed) 3-154 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHFR, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3-44 COHHON VEGETATION OF THE HIXED HESOPHYTIC OAK FOREST IN SOUTHOLD TOWNSHIP COI,~4UN I TY STRUCTURE I. OVERSTORY SPECIES Acer rubrum (Red Maple) Carya ovata (Shagbark Hickory) Carya Tomentosa (Mockernut ltickory) Fagus grandifolia (Beech) ~-i~dendron tulipfera (Tulip Tree) Nyssa sylvactica (Black Gum) Prunus serotina (Black Cherry) Quercus al--~-~hite Oak)-sometimes dominant ~m. coccinea (Scarlet Oak)-sometimes dominant Q. rubia (Red Oak)-sometimes dominant ~ ve--~ina (Black Oak)~usually dominant Robinia pseudocacia (Black Locust) II. UNDERSTORY ~ tomentosa (~ockernut Hickory) s florida (Flowering Dogwood) ~l~iniana (~Vitch Hazel) Nyssa sylvactzca (Black Gum) Prunus serotina (Black Cherry) ~-~-~rasa--~um (Sassafras) III. SHRUBS Lindera benzoin (Spicebush) Vx u~~olium (Hapleleaf Viburnum) Vaccinium s~ (Blueberry) Ga~lussacia~ccata (Huckleberry) IV. VINES Lonicera japonica (Japanese Honeysuckle) ~ Fotun~--~a (Greenbrier) ~nocissus quinquefolia (Virginia Creeper) V. HERBS Aralia nudicaulis (Wild Sassaparilla) ~-i-saema atrorubens (Jack-in-the-Pulpit) Circaea quadrisulcata (Enchanter's Nightshade) 3-155 I I I I I I I I I I '1 I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3- 45 COI,IHON VEGETATION OF THE OLD ]FIELD CO~.IMUNITIES IN SOUTHOLD TOWNSHIP SUCCESSIONAL STAGES I. EARLY ~VEEDY INVADERS SPECIES Achillea millefolium (Yarrow) r~ artemisiifolia (Ragweed) Erigeron canadensis ~Horseweed) Fragaria virginiana (Wild Strawberry) Hieracium ~ (Hawkweeds) Leersia sp. (Cutgrass) Rumex acetosella (Sheep sorrel) b~dT-i-~ago sp~. (Goldenrod) Stellaria m--m~ia (Common Chickweed) II. WOODY INVADERS Ailanthus altissma (Tree-of-Heaven) Juniperus virginiana (Red Cedar) Lonicera japonica (Japanese Honeysuckle) ~ ra--~icans-~-~-~--[~ison Ivy) Ro---~n~-~ pse-~ocacia (Black Locust) ~as albidum (Sassafras) Smilax ~lau~ [l~tbrier) III. YOUNG WOODLAND Acer rubrum (Red Maple) gra-~ifolia (American Beech) ssacia baccata (Huckleberry) Quercus alba--[~ Oak) V~_..ru-h~-Fa-~d Oak) ve---~i-~ina (Black Oak) accinium sEm (Blueberry) 3-156 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. ephemeral so that most riparian communities are limited to areas adjacent to ponds or swamps. Table 3-46 lists the floral species common to this community type. Where conditions are too wet to support trees, cattails (typha spp.) and reed grass (Phragmites communis) are often the dominant flora. The vernal and permanent ponds adjacent to the iow wet areas usually con- tain several types of aquatic and semi-aquatic plants. Table 3-47 lists the typical fresh marsh and pond flora found in Southold Town. [3] Southold Town contains substantial areas of tidal wetlands. The most extensive salt marshes are found in the eastern end of the peninsula and along the southern shore contiguous to the many bays and inlets. [15] The total amount of tidal wetlands in the planning area (from the New York St:ate Inventory) is approximately 1,200 acres. This includes high marsh or salt meadow and low or intertidal marsh areas. The salt meadows lie above the normal mean high water line and are inundated only by spring tides or storm surges. The dominant vegetation in these areas is high marsh grass (Spartina patens). The upper fringe areas of the high marsh usually contain a more diverse flora and serve as a transition zone to the upland vegetation. The low or inter-tidal marsh is inundated by tidal waters twice daily and the dominant vegetation is salt marsh cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora). Table 3-48 lists the vegetation common to the tidal wetlands in Southold Town. [15] 3-157 H2M CORP. HOLZMAC. HER, McLENDON arid MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3-46 SWAHP AND FLOODPLAIN VEGETATION IN SOUTHOLD TOWNSHIP CO~'[UNITY STRUCTURE I. DOMI NfLNT TREES SPECIES Acer rubrum (Red Maple) often in pure strands Nyssa sylvatica (Black Gum) Quercus alba (White Oak) 1~ pse~docaci~ (Black Locust) ~-l-i~igra (Black Willow) II. SUBDOMINANTS Amelanchier aborea (Shadbush) Prunus se~ot~na--fi-J--~lack Cherry) Juniperus virginiana (Red Cedar) III. DOMINANT SHRUBS Cephalanthus occidentalis (Buttonbush) Pyrus arbuti'folia (Chokeberry) Vaccinium corymbosum (Highbush Blue- berry) Rhododendron viscosum (Swamp Honey- suckle) Alnus rugos~ (Speckled Alder) IV. VINES Lonicera japonic~ (Japanese Honey- suckle) Rhus radicans (Poison Ivy) V-i~s~rape) ~-i-l-~xg-~uca (Catbrier) V. HERBS Osmunda cinnomea (Cinnamon Fern) O. regalis [Royal Fern) ~irpus spp. (Sedges) Juncus spp. (Rushes) Ma~s unifolia (Green Addersmouth) ~ ftr~c--i-~-~---~ussock Sedge) 3-158 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3-47 AQUATIC AND SEMI-AQUATIC PLANTS OF SOUTHOLD TOWNSHIP CO~UNITY STRUCTURE I. ON WET HUD SPECIBS Typha angustifolium (Narrow-leaved Cattail) T. latifolia (Common Cattail) ~-~rex s~12~ (Sedge) E e~ha~ obtusa (Spike Sedge) Iris versico--i-~--[Blue Flag) Juncus ~pp. (Rush) Spargan~mn americanum (Burr Reed) ~ americana (THree-square Sedge) regalis (Royal Fern) II. FLOATING Lemma minor (Duckweed) ~ variegatum (Yellow Spatterduck) ~ea odorata (Water Lily) Spirodela~iza (Large duckweed) III. SUBHERGED Anacharis occidentalis (Waterweed) Ceratoph~llum demersum (Coontail) ~eteranther~renfformis(Mud plant~).~. ~riophyllu~ ~rasiliense (Water m~o~) 3-159 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3- 48 COMMON FLORA OF THE TIDAL WETLANDS IN SOUTHOLD TOWNSHIP CO~UNITY STRUCTURE LOW MARSH (Intertidal) SPECIES Spartina alterniflora (Salt Marsh Cordgrass) II. SALT ~IEADOW (Above Mean High Water) ~ ~ (Salt Meadow Grass) n~flora (Salt Marsh Cord- grass) low vigor Distichlis ~ (Spike Grass) Salicornia spp. (Saltwort) Atriplex patula (Halberd-leaved Orach) Limonium ~nianum (Seaside Lavender) III. UPPER LIMITS OF SALT MEADOW Juncus gerardi (Black Grass) ~ssp.-~-~---(~airmakers Rush) v~f~-~tesCens (Harsh Elder) a~charis halimnifolia (Groundsep Bush) Phragmites communis (Reed) Sueda maratima (Sea Blite) 3-160 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. Upper beach and dune habitats are found in many areas along the shoreline of the Southold peninsula. Upper beach habitats are most extensive at the eastern end of Southold Township and along the southern shore. The only extensive area of wind- blown dunes in the planning area is found just east of Goldsmith's Inlet. Mos~ of the vegetation in these areas can tolerate a nutrient poor sandy substrata, ihigh winds, salt spray and periodically dry conditions. Trees common to these commun- ities remain in a stunted or shrub-like growth pattern due to the severity of the environment. J7] The shrub layer in many of these areas consist of bayberry (Hyrica pensylvanica), beach plum (Prunus maratima), and salt spray rose (Rosa r~gosa).[17] Lichens often cover the subtrata on protected areas of the dunes. These communities are very valuable in stabilizing the upper beach areas from erosion by wind and water. Table 3-49 lists the typical vegetation of the beach and dune habitats. The bays, inlets and near shore waters surrounding the Southold peninsula contain a diverse community of marine vegeta- tion. A large percentage of these areas are defined as littoral zones in the New York State tidal wetlands inventory. The littoral zones include all lands under no more than six feet of water at mean low tide. These areas tend to be very productive and contain many free and attached forms of macrophytic algae and extensive beds of eelgrass (Zostera marina). This littoral vegetation provides food and/or ~abitat for many species of fish, waterfowl and benthic fauna. Some of the species of algae present 3-161 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TAB LE 3- 49 TYPICAL VEGETATION OF THE BEACH AND DUNE AREAS OF SOUTHOLD TOI~NSHIP COI'~4UN ITY STRUCTURE TREES SPECIES Juniperus virginiana (Red Cedar) Pinus rigida'(Pitch Pine) ue~us ~---~ifolia (Scrub Oak) ~. st~lata (Post' Oak) II. SHRUBS Prunus maratima (Beach Plum) ~ pensfl-P-an~ca (Bayberry) corema conradii (B'~oom Crowberry) Rosa ru~ -~lt-spray Rose) [rh-~ glabra (Smooth Sumac) III. GRASSES, VINES & HERBS Phragmites communis (Reed) Ammophila b~ta (Beach Grass) ~-~ sempervirens (Seaside Goldenrod) Artemisia caudata (Wormwood) A. steller~an~usty Hiller) Salsola kali (Common Saltwort) ~ japonicus (Beach Pea) icans (Poison Ivy) ~ opuntia (Prickly Pear Cactus) a tomentosa (Poverty Grass) ~ greenei (Rush) x-a-h-~u~atum (Cockleburr) 3-162 I I I I I I I I I I, I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. in the littoral and intertidal zones may also occur in a viable form on the intertidal wetlands.[15] Table 3-5--0 lists the common vegetation of the near shore tidal waters in Southold Town. B. Animal Communities The various plant communities of Southold Township provide habitats for a wide variety of fauna. As the popu- lation of Southold Town increased through the years some species declined in numbers because of an actual loss of habitat or be- cause the habitats previously occupied became unsuitable. A habitat may become unsuitable for a particular species because of: 1. 2. 3. Table Encroachment (noise, etc.) Change in water table level. Pollution from toxic substances or nutrients. 3- 51 lists the "Key Species" of terrestrial fauna found in the Southold area. "Key Species" are defined as those species whose presence in an ecosystem is considered significant because of: 1. species are Economic, recreational or aesthetic value certain considered significant because of their value as game animals and their value to naturalists. Other species may be of considerable economic value as con- trollers of pests, or as a commercially harvested commodity. 2. Public opinion - the general public considers certain species more valuable than others. This may or may not be related 3-163 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3-50 CO~,~ON VEGETATION OF THE NEAR SHORE WATERS OF SOUTHOLD TOWNSHIP I. VASCULAR PLM~TS SPECIES Zostera marina (Eelgrass) II. I,~CROPHYTIC ALGAE Alva lactuca (Sea LettuceJ Enteromorp~-~ intestinalis (Green Seaweed) Codium f~ (Green Seaweed) ~-d~'v~oses (Rockweed) usu- ally intertidal Ascophyllum nodosum (Knotted Wrack) usually intertidal Laminaria agard~ii (Kelp) Alaria esculenta [Winged Kelp) L~us cfispus (Irish Moss) Sargassum w~lgare (Sargasso Weed) III. PHYTOPLANKTON Skeletonema costatum Thalassiosira nor~t~skioldii Chaetoceras sp. IV. BACTERIA Flavobacterium sp. Pseudomonas sp. Nitrobacter sp. Nitrosomonas sp. 3-164 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P,C, TABLE 3- 51 KEY TERRESTRIAL WILDLIFE SPECIES OF SOUTHOLD TOWNSHIP CLASS ~4A~I~,IAL I A SPECIES Blarina brevicauda (Shorttail Shrew) Ui~is marsupialis (Opossum) Glaucomys volans (Flying Squirrel) Microtus pennsy-fvanicus (Meadow Vole) ~-~frenata (Longtail Weasel) H. erminea [-~rttail Weasel) ~--~ifugus (Little Brown ~at) leus virginiana (White Ta~led Deer) Ondatra zibethicus (Muskrat) Peromyscus leucopus (White-footed House) ~ lotor (Raccoon) s a-~-~ticus (Eastern Mole) Sciurus carolinensis (Grey Squirrel) ~us floridanus (Cottontail Rabbit) Vulpes Fulva (Red Fox) C O~,{M ENT S Abundant Common Common Abundant Common Abundant Common Common Abundant II. REPTILES Chelydra serpentina (Snapping Turtle) Common Chrysemys picta (P~inted Turtle) Common Clemmys guttata (Spotted Turtle) *C. m~en-~g~l (Bog Turtle) Rare ~luber constrictor (Black Race) K~sternum subrubrum (Mud Turtle) ~Malaclemys terrapin (Diamond-backed Rare Terrapin) Natrix sipedon (Water Snake) er~pene carolina (Box Turtle) Common Thamnophis sirtalis (Garter Snake) Common III. ~4PHIBIANS Ambystoma maculatum (Spotted Salamander) Bufo fowleri (Fowlers Toad) ~~-i-~ineata (Two-line Salamander) t¥1ium scutatum (Four-toed Salamander) ~ crucifer (Spring Peeper) Rana cates---~ana (Bullfrog) .]~7-~lamitans (Green Frog) ~-~aphiopus ~olbrookii (Eastern Spade- foot Toad) 5-165 I ! I I I I i I I I I I ! I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. CLASS IV. AVES TABLE 3-51 (CONT'D.) SPECIES Accipiter striatus (Sharp Shinned Hawk) Aix sponsa (Woodduck) n~s acuta (Pintails) ~. caro-~ensis (Green-winged Teal) ~. discors (Blue-winged Teal) A. platyr-~ynchos (Mallard) ~. ru~ribes (Black Duck) ~d~a herodias (Great Blue Heron) ~-~enaria enterpres (Ruddy Urnstone) ~ americana (Redhead) A. valisineria"('Canvasback) ~-~io flammeus (Short-eared Owl) Branta bernida (Brant) B, canadensis (Canada Goose) ]~-bo virg±nianus (Great Horned Owl) Bucephala Clangula (Goldeneye) Buteo jamaicensis (Red-tailed Hawk) B. platypterus (Broad-winged Hawk) ~-~torides virescens (Green Heron) Calidrus canutus (Knot) g~o (Common Snipe) ius albus (Common Egret) Chaetura pelagica (Chimney Swift) ~perborea'(Snow Goose) Circus cyaneus (Marsh Hawk) Colaptes auratus (Yellow-shafted Flicker) Colinus virginianu~ (Bobwhite Quail) ~ olor (Mute Swan) copus pubescens (Downy Wood- pecker) D. villosus (Hairy Woodpecker) Eremop~i-i-l-~al~estris (Horned Lark) Ereunetes puslllus (Semipalmated Sandpiper) Erolia ~ (Dunlin) E. mi~ut~-~(Least Sandpiper) ]~lco sparverius (Sparrow Hawk) av~ immer (Common Loon) *Ha--~eetus Ieucoceph~lus (Bald Eagle) Iridoprocne bicolor (Tree Swallow) 3-166 C O-',fiqENT S Common Common Breeds Coastally Locally Common Common Irregular Visitor Becoming Uncommon Common Often Com- mon Migrant ~airly Common Common Common Common Common Common Very C onm~on Common Common Rare Common H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3-51 (CONT'D.) IV. CLASS AVES (cont'd.) SPECIES Larus arsentatus (Herring Gull) .~ricllla (Laughing Gull) ~ delawarensis (Ring-billed Gull) ~. marinus (Great Black-backed Gull) M~reca americana (Widgeon) 4~gaceryle alcyon (Belted Kingfisher) Horus ~'-~ssanus (Gannet) scandiaca (Snow7 Owl) orax nTcticorax (Black-crowned Night Heron) OceanStes oceanicus (Wilsons petrel) 0tus asio (Screech 'Owl) *Pa--~ion~aliaetus (Osprey) Phasianus colchicus (Ring-necked Pheasant) Sterna dougallii (Roseate Tern) ~Yh--i~undo (Common Tern) ~-~na~ra macroura (Hourning Dove) Species of the following Avian families are also well sented: Charadriidae (Plovers) Corvidae (Jays, Nagpies and Crows) Fringillidae (Grosbeaks, Finches and Sparrows) Hirundinidae (Swallows) Icteridae (Blackbirds and Orioles) Mimidae (Mockingbirds and Thrashers) Paridae (Chickadees) Parulidae (Woodwarblers) Podicipedidae (Grebes) Rallidae (Rails) Sittidae (Nuthatches) Sturnidae (Starlings) Troglodythidae (Wrens) Turdidae (Thrushes, Solitares and Bluebirds) *Rare or endangered 3-167 COb~IENTS Abundant Common Co~non C ommo n Very Common Common Abundant Common repre- I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. to the actual significance or value of a species to the sta- bility of the ecosystem. For example, the public would much rather observe an eagle in nature than a crow. 3. Ecological niche - some species may be considered significant by virtue of their role in tile ecosystem. They may play an important part in the food chain, in the breakdown and recycling of nutrients or in other aspects related to the stability of the ecosystem. 4. Frequency - abundant species are often the dominant factor Rarity may of a Tare or tion of that in an ecosystem and give it its general characteristics. also deem a species significant as each individual endangered species is important in the perpetua- species. There are many terrestrial faunal species in Southold Town- ship that are of value to the sportsman. The only fur-bearer of value to the hunter is the cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus floridanus), although many species of ground birds and water- fowl are sought. Some of the more commonly hunted birds are the mallard (Anas platyrynchos), the Canada goose (Branta canadensis), the bobwhite quail ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus dove (Zenaidura macroura). (Colinus virginianus), the colchicus), and the mourning There are many Avian species that are permanent residents on Long Island, many species breed here and many other species stop-over on Long Island during migrations.[18] For these rea- sons Long Island, with its' diverse habitats, provides excellent 3-168 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. recreation for naturalists and birdwatchers. The endangered osprey, that aroused so much public cortcern, bas been increas- ing in numbers and is expected to recover from its pollution- caused decline. The coastal waters surrounding Southold peninsula contain a diverse assemblage of marine and estuarine ~auna, many of which are commercially valuable. Commercial finfisheries in the planning area use small draggers and pound nets to catch weakfish (Cynoscion regalis), bloufish (S_[~haeroides maculatus), porgy (Stenotomus chrysops), butterfish (Poronotus tricanthus) and yellowtail flounder (Limanda ferruginea). There are also important commercial fisheries for bay scallops (Aquapecten irradians) and oysters (Crassostrea virginica).[5] Hardy (1976) concluded that the sport fishery in Bay area exceeds the commercial fishery, particularly ing local businesses geared to this actiw[ty. The most sought after species by anglers include winter flounder (Pseudopleuro- nectes americanus), striped bass (Pomatomus saltatrix), weakfish (Stenotomus chrysops).[1] Table the Peconic in support- (Horone saxatilis), bluefish (Cynoscion regalis), and porgy 3-52 lists the key species of marine fauna in Southold's coastal waters. Fish species that may be found in many of the fresh water ponds in Southold Town are shown in Table 3-53. 3-169 H2M CORP. HOLZMA(.HER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 5- 52 KEY FAUNA IN THE COASTAL WATERS SURROUNDING SOUTHOLD TOWNSHIP INVERTEBRATES ARTHROPODA: Balanus balanoides (Rock Barnacle) *L~ectes sapldus (Blue Crab) Cancer borealxs-T~nah Crab) C. irroratu--~-d~--~ock Crab) Carcinus maenus (Green Crab) r~gnon, systemspinosus (Sand Shrimp) *Homarus americanus (L4bster) Limulus polyphimus (Horseshoe Crab) v~lipes ocellatus (Lady Crab) Palaemonentes ~ (Grass Shrimp) Paragus spp. (Hermit t, rab) Uca spp. ~Fiddler Crab) }4OLLUSCA: Anomia simplex (Jingle Shell) *Aquepecten irradians i~Bay Scallop) *BUSyCOn caniculatum (I, hanneled Welk) *B. caracia (Knobbed Welk) *L~assostrea virginica (Oyster) Crepidula foknicata (Slipper Shell) Ensls difeCtus (Razor Clam) ~ gemma ((4em Clam) Laevicar~m mortoni (Duck Clam) Littorina l£ttorea '(Periwinkle) Lunatla her~ ~F6-6n Snail) *Hercenaria mercenaria (Hard Clam) Ho71~lus ~emissus (Ribbed Mussel) *Hya arenaria [Soft Shelled Clam) ~il-fi-~is (Blue Mussel) Nassarius o~-~letus (Mud Snail) N. trivitstus (Sand Nassa) ~-~lynices duplicatus (Hoon Snail) ~ solidissma (Surf Clam) T~lina agilis ECHINODE~}ATA: Arbacia punctulata (Purple Sea Urchin) ~s forbesi (Common Starfish) 3-170 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABL][ 3- 52 (CONT'D.) INVERTEBRATES (CONT'D.) well CNIDARIA; capillata (Lion's },lane Jellyfish) senile (Common Anenome) Species of the represented: following invertebrate groups are also Cntenophor (Comb-Jelly) Pol¥chaetes (Harine Segmented Worms) Porifera (Sponges) ~s (Sea Squirts) Asopods Copepods VERTEBRATES Anch~oa ~ (Anchovy) ~. mlchilli (Bay Anchovy) Angu-~a rostrata (American Eel) Brevoortia t_~rannus (Menhaden) *Centro~ristes st~-i-~tus (Blackfish) *Cynosc~on regal~s~kfish) Fandu'lus h~itus (Co~on Hummichug) F. majalis (Striped ~mmichug) ~-~sterosteus sp~. (Stickle Backs) *Limanda ferru~i{ea (Yellowtail F19under) ~f~-i-d~menid~a (Atlantic Silverside) Ment~rr-~ saxatilis (Kingfish) *}~icrogadus tomcod (To,cod) ~Hor'one sax'at~-~(Striped Bass) *~chthys dentatus (Fluke) *Pollachius virens P~llock) *Fomatomus saltatrix (Bluefish) PorOnotus tricanthus (Butterfish) Prionotus Carolinus (Northern Searobin) P. evolans (Striped Searobin) *~-~eu--~pleuronectes americanus (Winter Flounder) S~aeroides maculatus (Northern Puffer) t~notomus chrysops (Porgy) Tautogola~r~-~ a--~rsus (Cunner) Mustelus canis (Smooth Dogfish) *Species that are commercially important or most sought by sportsmen. 3-171 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3-53 FRESH WA?ER FISH~S OF SOUTHOLD TOWNSHIP Caprinus carpio (Carp) Esox americanus (Pickerel) Ictalurus sp. (Bullhead) Lepomis sp. (Sunfish) Hicropterus dolomieui (Small Houth Bass) ~.~[. salmoides"(Large ~outh Bass) Perca flavescens (Perch) ~ sp. (~,~udminnow) 3-172 H2M CORP. HOLZMAC?IER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. RI-;FERENCES [1] [2] Briggs, p.I., Salt ~ater Fishing on Lon~ Island, New York State Dept. of Environmental Conservation, January, 1977. Connor, Paul F., The Hammals of Long Island, Bulletin 416, N.Y.S. Museum & Science Service, SUNY, Albany, NY, July, 1971. [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] Gaudet, John J. and Hollie G. Frerichs, The Biology of Aqua- tic Plant Life in Eastern Long Island, 2nd Ed., 1969. Greenport Nature Study Area, Ecology Class, Greenport High School, pamphlet, 1972. Hardy, Charles D., A Preliminary Description of the Peconic Bay Estuary, 5ISR(~ Special Report 3, 1976, HSRC, Stony Brook. Holzmacher, et al, Inc. Village of Greenport~ Environmental Assessment of Improvements to l~asteWater Treatment Plant, April, 1973. Hosteck, Albert, Native and Near Native, Long Island Plants, Setauket-Smit'htown ters, 1976. An IntrodUction to Environmental Cen- [8] Latham, Roy, Long Island Fish Records, Unpublished manuscript, Orient, NY, 1964. [9] Long Island Lighting Co., Jamesport Nuclear Power Plant Environmental Study. [10] Nassau-Suffolk Regional Planning Board, Determination of Biological Constraints on Coastal Water ~, June, 1975. [11] National Marine Fisheries Service, U.S. Department of Com- merce, New York Landings: Annual Report-196~, NOAA. [12] New York State Conservation Dept., A Biological Survey of the Salt Waters of Long Island, Part I, 1939. [13] New York State Dept. of Environmental Conservation, Fresh Water Wetlands, Chapter 614, Laws of New York, August, 1975. [14] New York State Dept. of Environmental Conservation, Tidal Wetlands Land Use Regulations, Part 661, August 20,-~-9~. [15] O'Connor, Joel S. and Orville Terry, The Marine Wetlands of Nassau and Suffolk Counties, New York, MSRC, Stony Brook, NY, April, 1972. 3-173 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. REFERENCES (cont'd.) [16] Peters, George H., The Trees of Long Island, Long Island Horticultural Society, Publication No. 1, Summer, 1952. [17] Perry, Loren C., A Beachcombers Botany, Chatham Conserva- tion Foundation, 1968. [18] Tuthill, E.J. and J.F. Bagg, Study of Environmental Impacts of Alternative Long Island SoUnd Bridge Sites, Marine Sciences Research Center, Tech. Report No. 12, Stony Brook, NY, 1971. 3-174 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C, 3.1.5.0 linvironme~tally Sensitive Areas Certain areas and/or ecosystem,*, within Southold Township may be significantly more sensitive to impacts resulting from the construction or implementation of a wastewater management plan. Areas may be considered significantly more sensitive if tiley represent a valuable environmental resource with a greater potential to be adversely impacted by wastewater management alternatives. The destruction or alteration of these areas would constitute a loss that could not be readily tolerated either ecologically or by the community. Some examples of adverse impacts resulting from the con- struction and operation of wastewater treatment and collection facilities are: Long-Term Impacts 1. Permanent reduction in water table level due to the collection of wastewater and its discharge into coastal waters. 2. Destruction or permanent alteration of a site due to construction of wastewater facilities or land application of treated effluent or sludge. 3. Pollution of an ecosystem with nutrients, pathogens or toxic substances due to discharge or application of waste- water effluents or sludge, or by seepage from septic systems. Short-Term Impacts 1. Temporary dewatering struction of sewer pipes. of a localized area due to con- 3-175 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. 2. Temporary ~listurbance of an area due to noise, dust, vibration and actiwity resulting from cons~ruction of waste- water eacil~ties. in relation to domestic water quality, most of the Southold peninsula may be considered environmentally sensitive to pollu- tants entering the ground. Ill] Section 3.1.1.8 Ground Water Sources shows that the quality of Southold's ground water is impaired in many areas by high nitrate levels and that the nitrate problem is probably the most serious current threat to the domestic water supply. The hydrology of the planning area is somewhat delicate in that the shallow water table aquifer is tke only source of domestic fresh water in the area. Almost the entire land surface of the planning area serves to recharge this aquifer.[1] Land application of treated effluent or sludge or an increase in the use o~ septic tanks or cesspools in the planning area would increase the amount of pollutants entering the aquifer. In addition to the other chemicals, nitrate is especially significant. The entire planning cess of 3 mg/1 and those concentrations in excess largest input of nitrates area has nitrate concentrations areas shown on Figure 3-18 have of approximately 8 mg/1. Although the to the ground water in the planning in nitrate area is from agricultural fertilizers, any environmentally sound wastewater management plan would have to address the input and impact from sewage effluents from residential, commercial and other miscellaneous individual on-site waste disposal systems. 3-176 0 0  CONNECTICUT ~/~ KEY MAP L 0 2000 0 4000 TOWN OF SOUTHOLD-INC. VILLAGE OF GREENPORT WASTEWATER FACILITIES STUDY GROUND WATER NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS HOLZMACHER, McLENDON & MURRELL,RC./H2M CORP· CONSULTING ENGINEERS, PLANNERS and ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTISTS I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ! I I I H2M CORP. HOL.ZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. Because of the nature of Southold's ground water reservoir the water table aquifer is also sensitive to pumping without adequate replenishment. Section 3.1.1.8 discusses the problem of salt water intrusion into Southold's domestic water supplies. Excessive pumping from wells, especially near the coast will reduce the hydraulic head and increase the probability of salt intrusion. Any wastewater management plans for the Southold Peninsula should recognize the sensitive areas where domestic supply wells may be jeopardized, and consider recharging these areas with suitably treated effluent. The Inc. Village of Greenport recharges its well field No. 3 at the intersection of North Road and Moores Lane with water pumped from Moores Drain. If this were not done with the present rate of pumpage the water from this. well would soon become too saline for domestic use. Although water from Moores Drain is not potable it becomes renovated by passing through the unsaturated zone at the well field. Howew~r, iron and manganese have become an increasing problem at this plant. Areas most ecologically sensitive to the effects of tem- porary or permanent reduction in ground wal:er levels would be those ecosystems most closely associated with the water table. In general, this would include all areas where the water table is only a few feet from the surface. Such areas would be fresh water swamps, marshes, bogs, ponds and/or all areas defined as fresh water wetlands under Part 662, 6NYCRR. A considerable amount of fresh water wetlands exist within the study area. Figure 3-1~9 shows the fresh water wetlands that have been delineated by the NYSDEC. 3-178 fLIMITS FIGURE CONNECTICUT , ~.~ ~ JERSEY ~AS~' SUFFOLK - ~ KEy UAP I S L A N D AREA REPRESENT FRESH WATER WE-i'LANDS AREAS REPRESENT TIDAL WETLANDS (INTERTIDAL AND HIGH MARSH) TOWN 2000 0 4000 Of SOUTHOLD-INC. VILLAGE OF GREENPORT WASTEWATER FACILITIES STUDY FRESH & TIDAL ,WETRAND HQLZMACHER, McLENDON & MURRELL,RC.~H2M CORP. CONSULTING ENGINEERS, PLANNERS and ENVIRONMENTAL 9ClENTISTS 3-.79 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. The fresh water wetlands in the planning area esthetically, ecologically, for recreation and as Fresh water wetlands are among the most productive are of value open space. ecosystems and greatly enhance the natural content of the area. These areas also provide breeding, nesting and feeding grounds for a wide variety of local fauna. Many birds also use these areas as stop-overs during migrations. The abundance of species at lower trophic levels in these areas attracts a large number of predatory species. The fresh water wetlands in Southold Town- ship are a very productive and integral part of the natural environment and tend to increase the productivity of adjacent upland areas as well. The flora and fauna associated with these wetland areas are listed in Section 15.1.5.5 - Plant and Animal Communities. Fresh water wetlands in general provide flood and storm control by absorption and storage of runoff. Because of the drainage and infiltration rates flooding from runoff would most blem even in the absence of the of soils in the study likely not constitute fresh water wetlands. area, a pro- A more important function in relation to the storage and absorption capacities of fresh water wetlands in the Town of Southold is their ability to return water to the aquifer that would other- wise be lost as runoff to the coastal waters. As mentioned previously, quantity of ground water and yields must be closely monitored in some parts of the study area. Thus, the fresh water wetlands in the study area are a valuable source of 3-180 I I I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURREI. L, P.C. replenishment to the aquifer. These wetland areas not only serve to replenish the aquifer but they act as a natural pollu- tion treatment system and cleanse the waters that pass through them. For these reasons the areas adjacent to fresh water wet- lands and ponds are prime locations for domestic supply wells. There have been plans pending to develop well fields adjacent to Great Pond in Peconic, Laurel Lake in Laurel and Maratooka Lake in Mattituck. Moores Woods, an extensive woodland and wetland sanctuary owned by the Inc. Village of Greenport may be needed as a future ground water source and for this reason has never been registered with the State as a preserve as it could then be used for no other purpose. Some of the fresh water wetlands in the study area also act as filtering and sedimentation basins. Although there are no permanent streams in the study area, runoff into creek beds during storms often passes through a wetland before entering the coastal water. The most extensive example of such a system within the study area would be Moores Drain which flows into Pipes Cove in Greenport. The extensive wetlands around Hoores drain act to absorb silt and organics that might pollute the tidal waters. The fresh water wetlands associated with most of the fresh water lakes and ponds in the study area also aid in absorbing silt and organics that might otherwise degrade these resources. Many of Southold's fresh water wetland areas are used by the community for recreational and educational purposes such as 3-181 H2M CORP. HOLZMAC.HER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. hiking, nature study and bird watching. Some of these areas such as Hummel Pond is in private ownership while others such as the Greenport nature study area and parts of Maratooka Lake are in public ownership. These and other areas are described in more detail later on in this section. Any permanent reduction in ground water levels resulting from a wastewater management plan would serve to adversely alter, reduce or destroy these fresh water wetland areas. The species occupying these environments are closely adapted to and depen- dent upon their close association with the water table and in most instances would not survive a prolonged drying out period, The dehydration of these areas would have a severe impact upon the natural environment of the entire planning area. Some of the bog or marsh areas may be the result of a perched water table and many not be significantly affected by the lowering of the water table aquifer. The~probable impacts to a wetland area that might experi- ence temporary dewatering during construction would be the re~ sult of a number of factors. These areas should be looked at on an individual basis for ecological sensitivity and resili- ency. Mitigating measures that may be taken could include an acceleration of construction time or excavating in the fall when most flora are dormant. In addition to inland fresh water wetlands, coastal fresh marshes may be found within the study area at the upper reaches of tidal creeks where the fresh water inflow significantly affects 3-182 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. the ecosystem. Because of the absence of permanent streams in the study area these environments are not very extensive. Flora in these areas range from fresh to brackish water species. The germination of many seeds in these areas and in the tidal marshes are dependent upon the less saline conditions that re- sult from overland and subsurface runoff. A lowering of the water table either local or areawide would reduce the amount I I I of subsurface runoff and may adversely affect the viability of these areas. All activities on or within 100 feet of a fresh water wet- land of 12.4 or more acres that would result in the possible destruction, pollution or degradation of that wetland are regu- I I ! I i I I I I lated by the NYSDEC under Article 24, NYCRR. Tidal wetlands, like fresh water wetlands also rank among the mest productive natural areas and play an extremely import- ant role in the coastal ecosystem. These areas may be consider- ed environmentally sensitive because they represent a valuable reseurce that has been indiscriminantly destroyed in the past. O'Connor & Terry (1972) reported a 25 per cent loss of tidal wetlands in Suffolk County for the period 1964 to 1972. Even small portions of these areas are critically important resources and their preservation should be a primary consideration. The tidal wetlands in the planning area and in general may be considered a valuable resource for the following reasons: 1. They provide food and habitat for a wide variety of fauna living in the wetlands or in adjacent waters. T~is is an 3-183 I I I I I I I I I I I i I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C, especially important commercial fisheries and sport fisheries in the area. Although no commercially important species are harvested from tidal wetlands proper, the young of many com- mercially important finfish use the marsh channels as a nursery ground. The high primary productivity in the marsh provides food for a wide variety of marine and estuarine fauna, many of which are commercially valuable. The Peconic Bay estuary would most likely not be able to support such a large shellfish indus- try without its adjacent tidal wetlands. This high productivity at the lower trophic levels tends to support extensive fin- fisheries as well. 2. They act as a buffer zone to protect beaches and upland areas against the destructive forces of storms. This is especially true of the more exposed tidal wetlands in the study area. Most of the tidal creeks in the study area are heavily traveled by boats during the summer months and fringing wetlands act as a buffer and protect the creek banks from the force of the wakes. 3. They provide open space and are used for recreation (hiking, hunting) and nature study. Specific wetland areas put to these uses are described later in this section. 4. ?hey act as natural secondary treatment plants and tend to cleanse coastal waters by absorbing silt and organic material, thus tidal wetlands are a valuable resource to the coastal waters in the planning area by adding a measure of re- siliency to pollution episodes. 3-184 H2M CORP. HOLZMACIHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. The following list briefly describes the major tidal wet- lands in the study area:Ii0] 1. Hattituck Inlet - constant dredging and spoiling has changed the banks of this deep water port so that only iso- lated wetlands remain and these are of moderate value. 2. Much of James Creek has been dredged and filled, leaving only 15 acres of marsh. This vestige, however, con- sists of 20% productive smooth cordgrass, and dredging of this remaining marsh should be avoided. 3. The scattered areas of salt marsh lying behind Harratooka Point total 9 acres. On Deep Hole Creek, a small marsh remains north of New Suffolk Avenue. The next eastward creek remains unnamed and virtually untouclhed. Bordered by a high quality Spartina alterniflora marsh, this creek is an ideal example of natural conditions. 4. There are two good areas between Harratooka Point and Cutchogue Harbor. Downs Creek is an example of a tidal estuary in near natural condition, having a wide band of marshes fringed with woodlands. The North Fork Country Club lies on the western shore of West Creek. Private individuals own land on the east side and the marsh islands within the creek are unclaimed. 5. The marsh complex bordering the creeks along Cutcho- gue Harbor represents a once-ideal salt marsh habitat. Boatmans Harbor is a dredged deep water harbor and marina which borders the west side of Wickham Creek marshland. 3-185 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P,C, One of the larger creek areas three tributaries: East Creek, ~lud in the vlcinity consists of (;reek and Broadwater Cove. Development and dredging have taken their toll of all three, especially Broadwater, where a productive marsh has been filled to provide a parking area for a public beach. Several low marsh islands are found in this complex in an expanse of water known as Haywater Cove. 6. Little Creek is owned by the Commoners of Southold under a Revolutionary War Deed. The rights may be sold should the family leave the area. 7. ~{ost of the shoreline along Richmond Creek, west of Hog Neck Bay has been bulkheaded, leaving only a few acres of smooth cordgrass fringe. 8. The 12 acre marsh at the west end of Corey Creek a spoil area, leaving only a smooth cordgrass main creek. The four acres to the east cannot high quality salt marsh since it is dominated has been used as border along the be considered as by Phragmites communis. 9. Cedar Beach Creek contains 30 acres of shallow mud flats and smooth cordgrass marsh. Relatively remote and undis- turbed by development, it is an excellent wildlife habitat. 10. Six acres of marsh on the northeastern point of Bay- view have been filled near the inlet, restricting tidal flow. The three acres of marsh east of Reydon Shores have a low bio- logical value, due to their location adjacent to a boat marina and total domination by Phragmites communis. The remaining three acres of marsh of Reydon Shores is a valuable estuary. 3-186 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENOON and MURRELL, P.C. 11. The salt marsh complex at Goose Creek contains a total of 50 acres with good marsh islands near the creek's mouth. 12. An 8 acre marsh of Phragmites communis located on Jockey Creek is not considered valuable as a wildlife habitat. Development of this area, however, should be carefully planned since the marsh acts as a drainage basin for the surrounding upland. The 5 acres of smooth cordgrass in Town Creek, along with the salt marsh within Hashamomuck Pond should be preserved. 13. The 95 acres of marsh located west of Pipes Cove is of relatively high quality. 14. The parcels of salt marsh at Conklin Point and those along the north shore of Pipes Coves are wtluable salt marsh estuaries. Ail consist of approximately 20 per cent smooth cordgrass and 80 per cent salt meadow hay. The 1S acres of marsh east of Greenport is the location of an abundant popula- tion of salt marsh snails -- a major food source for the black duck and scaup. 15. The narrow neck of land at Orient Harbor is stabil- ized by salt marsh and mud flats. This highly productive estu- ary and the bordering sand bar support a variety of salt marsh and upland beach plants. 16. Over 300 acres of salt marsh border the Long Beach Bay complex west of Orient Point. Smooth cordgrass and salt meadow hay predominate. The largest and most valuable wetlands in Southold are in the area known as Peters Neck. Several acres 3-187 H2M CORP. HOLZMACIHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. of salt marsh bordered by wooded areas offer both natural and aesthetic value. The area is a favorite of waterfowl and a nursery ground for many species of fish. The most easterly section of marsh totaling 65 acres is backed by Phragmites communis. Development of this upper sec- tion would not seriously affect the biological value of the complex if care is taken to leave an undisturbed buffer along the shoreline to prevent pollution of the bay waters. }lost of the intertidal and high marsh in the study area are not likely to be adversely affected by wastewater manage- ment plans. The New York Tidal Wetlands Land Use Regulations (6}ffCRR, Part 661) regulate all activities on or near tidal wetlands that may be detrimental to their ]productivity or via- bility. Thus, any physical altering of a tidal wetland that may affect its drainage or stability would be forbidden. Tidal wetlands, however, may be impacted by indirect sources that are not covered under 6NYCRR, Part 661. Any degradation in the tidal waters that innundate the wet- lands may have an adverse impact upon them by upsetting the food web balance or by causing eutrophic conditions in the marsh channels. The ensuing drop in oxygen tensions may fall below the tolerances of many fish and invertebrate species producing an unstable community typified by low diversity. Nutrients and toxic substances that might degrade coastal waters could be introduced by a bay outfall of sewage effluents. Although the flushing of the Peconic Bay system is good, the creeks and tidal 3-188 H2M CORP. HOLZMAC,HER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. marsh channels bay and are much more centrations. The New York strict activities are shallow and more restricted than the open sensitive to increases in nutrient con- Tidal lqetlands Land Use Regulations also re- on offshore bars that are exposed at mean low water and on areas defined as "Littoral Zones" that lie no deeper than six feet below mean low water. Hany of the areas designated as littoral zones in Southold Town harbor very pro- ductive benthic communities with high yields of commercially important shetlfis~. These areas are along the southern shore of the study area and may produce oysters, soft clams, hard clams and bay scallops. The littoral zone communities are sensitive to silting, increases in turbidi'ty and increases in nutrient concentrations. Silting could smother shellfish beds or decrease the via- bility of the spat. Increases in turbidity could lower oxygen tensions to lethal levels by adding nutrients to the water column and/or causing a decrease in photosynthesis. These conditions could be produced by nearby construction or dredg- ing activities associated with the installation of sewer mains or a bay outfall and would not constitute a long-term impact. Nutrients, toxic substances and pathogens introduced to the coastal waters by sewage outfalls could impact shellfish beds by producing lethal conditions or by making them unfit for human consumption. The wetlands often adjacent to the littoral zone areas serve to mitigate the affects of nutrient loading to 3-189 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P,C, these areas and for that reason are valuable to the viability of some wastewater management alternatives. Seepage from septic I I I tanks near the shore may also add nutrients to coastal waters and aggrevate or produce eutrophic conditions in areas with re- stricted flushing. Because tidal wetlands,, and the associated littoral zones are such an integral and important part of the coastal ecosystem, degradation of these areas may have a regional I I I impact. Hardy (1976) concluded that the marine waters around South- old Town that have existing Water quality problems are all associated with point sources of pollutants. Precautions must be taken to minimize any additional stress that may be placed upon the coastal ecosystem by the discharge of effluents. Figure 3-1~9 shows the approximately 1,200 acres o£ tidal wetlands in the study area. Only the intertidal and high marsh areas are delineated and bars, mud flats and littoral zones are not included. The flora and fauna common to these areas are listed in Section 3.1.5.5 Plant and Animal Communities. There are many natural areas within the Town of Southold that have been set aside for public use by the State, County or Town, or by private conservation groups. In addition to public areas of special ecological value there are also lands in pri- vate ownership that are recognized by local environmental groups as being a valuable natural resource to the community. Efforts are being made to place some of these lands in public trust and thus ensure their preservation. Ail of tbese areas are of 3-190 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. special value to the environment and the community a~'~d ma)' thus be considered sensitive to degradation resulting from the con- struction or implementation of wastewater management plans. are: Specific significant natural areas 1. Hoores Woods (Inc. Village within the study area of Greenport) - this area, also known as the Greenport nature study area, is a tract of approximately 100 acres of wooded, undeveloped land lying just west of I~]oores Lane in Greenport. This land has been designated by the Inc. Village of Greenport as sanctuary and nature study and is managed by students and faculty from Greenport High School. Almost all of Moores Woods is in natural woodland or bogs and contains a wide variety of wildlife and vegetation. A general description of the area may be found in the guidebook entitled, Greenport Nature Study Area, that has been prepared by the eco- logy and earth science students of Greenport High School. The high value of this area as a natural resource is realized by its diversity of habitats, relatively untouched condition, high pro- ductivity and because it represents a very large portion of the last remaining natural woodland in Southold Town. There is approximately another 150 acres of similar wooded Village land adjacent to the nature study area that should also be included in this parcel. Moores Woods would be particularly sensitive to any lower- ing of the ground water table as a large portion of the area is bog or wetland. Because of the nature of the drainage and 3-191 I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C, permeal,ility in this area it would not be suitable for ].and ap- plication of treated effluent. The installation of sewer mains through .~k>ores Woods with ensuing tem~,orary dewatering would not be expected to have any long-term impact. A sewer main entering the Greenport Sewage Treatment Plant from the north has been previously put through this area with little adverse ~ffects on the environment. Recreation Commission) of land, most of which beach, dune, marsh and condition environmentally. Orient Beach State Park (Long Island State Park & this State Park consists of 357 acres is undeveloped. The area has extensive littoral habitats and is in excellent Long Beach spit which extends over two miles southwest from the bathing beach and parking lot at the park ils in an entirely natural state and serves as a bird and wildlife sanctuary. Because of the isolation and low population density of this area it should not be directly impacted by the construction of I I I wastewater management facilities. However, indirect impacts resulting from water table lowering or degradation of coastal waters could adversely affect this park. 3. Goldsmith's Inlet Park (Suffolk County - 34 acres) and Peconic Dunes Park (Suffolk County - 37 acres) - both of these Suffolk County parks are along Soundview Ave. in Southold and less than a mile distant from one another. The two parks and the area lying between them along Long Island Sound are for the most part in a natural state. These areas contain wind 3-192 ! ! H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. blowa du~es and beach, dunes, marsh, bog ami transition habi- tats. The ~ind blo~n dunes are unique t~or Southold's north shore and the ecology of these areas is very interesting. This area also contains Osprey nesting sites. This area would not be likely to suffer any long-term ad- verse impacts arising from a wastewater management plan other than the actual destruction or alteration of the area to con- struct wastewater facilities. 4. Hummel Pond (Privately Owned) - approximately 5 acres of :~resh water marsh at intersection of Lighthouse Road and Soundview Ave. in Southold. This area is in a natural state and particularly esthetically pleasing. The North Fork ~nvironmental Council would like to see the preservation of this area ensured. As with most fresh water wetlands and water table ponds in the study area, this site would be adversely affected by a lowering of t]~e water table. 5. St, Thomas' Home (Privately Owned) approximately 40 acres of natural wooded land running from Hain Road to Long Island Sound in East ?~arion. This area consists primarily of mature oak forest and a transition zone to the beach and is one of the last remaining parcels of mature woodland on the North Fork. St. Thomas' Home is recognized as a valuable resource by local conservation groups who would like te see this area pre- served. This area would not be very sensitive to impacts resulting from most wastewater management plans becanse it is not in a 3-193 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McL£NDON and MURRELL, P.C. populated area and does not contain any hydrophytic communities that would be significantly affected by lowered water tables. The permeability of the soil in this area and the depth to the water tabile are such that the site may be suitable for land application of treated effluent if this alternative should be considered. Implementation of this alternative may not have any adverse affect on this area. 5. Maratooka Lake (Nature Conservancy - 12 acres and Town of Southold - 11 acres) - is the largest kettle lake on the North Fork and a large part of the perimeter is in a natural state with woodlands and wetlands. Approximately half of the perimeter of this lake is in private ownership and is mostly I I I ! I I I I agricultural land. Maratooka Lake is a water table lake and would be adverse- ly affected by any lowering of the water table. Like most fresh water lakes and ponds in the study area, Maratooka Lake contains l~igh concentrations of nitrates. The majority of these nitrates enter the lake and ground water through runoff and infiltration from farmland and from waterfowl wastes. In more densely populated areas such as around Haratooka Lake, Laurel Lake, Wolf Pit Pond and others, seepage from cesspools may constitute a significant input of nutrients. Any wetlands bordering these lakes would tend to mitigate the effects of nutrification. Water table lowering may only slightly decrease the size of a pond but may severely impact it by drying up or significantly reducing the wetland area. 3-194 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. aTea Point in Cutchogue. The most probable impacts to this 6. Headow Beach Preserve (Nature Conservancy) this consists of 15 acres of tidal wetland and beach on Nassau area arising £rom a degradation of the tidal wastewater management plan would be a waters as previously described. 7. Howell Headow Preserve (Nature Conservancy - 5 acres) this preserve is located in Southold and is a representative por- tion o£ the last remaining natural salt marsh on Goose Creek. A permit is needed to visit this area. 8. Husing Pond (Nature Conservancy - 19 acres) - this area was originally a salt marsh and with the construction of Peconic Bay Blvd. its association with tidal waters was severed. The area is now a fresh water pond and stream with adjacent phragmites marsh and woodland. This area would be sensitive to a reduction in water table levels resulting from a wastewater management plan. 9. Cedar Beach (Suffolk County ~2 acres) this area is a County Park and contains about 30 acres of tidal wetland. Also mentioned as Area 10 in the tidal wetlands list. 10, Inlet Point Pond Park (Suffolk County 36 acres) this area is on Long Island Sound in Greenport and consists of undeveloped woodland, beach and a pond. This area has not been opened for batlhing as the outfall from the Greenport Sewage Treatment Plant is directly offshore. The Greenport Sewage Treatment Plant now provides secondary 3-195 ! ! H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. troatmeliL the public. of approximately 40 and there is a movement to have t~x~. beach opened to Down's Woods (Privately Owned) - this acres of natural woodland and area consists tidal marsh on the west side of Down's Creek in Cutchogue. This area also contains the site of Fort Corchaug which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. 12. West Creek (Privately Owned) tidal creek in New Suffolk bordered by wetlands. Due to a low bridge near the inlet to this creek, boats have been unable to navigate it. Thus the creek }las not been dredged and remains in a very natural state. This is one of the few tidal creeks in tile study area that has not been altered or dredged and local con- serYation groups would like to ensure its preservation. Any degradation of coastal water quality or alteration of drainage to this wetland, due to a wastewater management plan might adversely impact this resource. 13. Bluffs from Southold-Riverhead border west to Duck Pond Point excluding Mattituck Inlet (Privately Owned) this area contains the highest bluffs on the North Fork and with the exception of the area around Hattituck Inlet, it is very sparse- ly settled. The beach, bluffs and woodland behind the bluffs are largely in a natural state. This strip of land is of value both ecologically and as a natural scenic area. Local conser- vation groups would like to see this area preserved. 2-196 I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. This area would not have a high probability of! being ad- versely impacted by most wastewater management alternatives. In addition to the above mentioned areas the Southold Town Conservation Advisory Council designated the following areas as being environmentally sensitive to wastewater management alternatives: Laurel Lake Hattituck Great Pond Peconic Lily Pond Southold Residential areas of Mattituck near Ole Jule Lane and Browers ~oods REFERENCES [1] Crandell, H.C., Geology and Ground Water Resources of the Town of Southold. Suffolk County, New"'York, U.S.G.S. Water Supply Paper 161~GG, 1963. [2] Greenport Nature Study Area, Ecology Class, Greenport High School, 1972. Hardy, Charles D., A Preliminary Description of the Peconic Bay Estuary, Harine Sciences Research Center Special. Holzmacher, et al., Inc. Village of Greenport~ Environmental Assessment of ImproVements to the WasteWater Treatment Plant, April 1973, [5] Holzmacher, et al., water qUality Study in the ToWn of ~outhold, September 1974. [61 [7] [8] Natural Conservancy, Long Island Chapter, Pamphlets on Nature Conservancy Holdings in Southold Town, P.O. Box 72, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. New England River Basins Commission, A Plan for Long Island Sound, Long Island Sound Regional Study, Draft, November New York State Dept. of Environmental Conservation, Fresh Water Wetlands, Chapter 614, Laws of New York, August 1-g75. 3-197 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. REFERENCES (cont'd.) [9] New York State Dept. of Environmental Conservation, Tidal Wetlands Land Use Regulations, Part 661, August 20,~. [lo] O'Connor, Joel S. and Orville Terry, The ~arine Wetlands of Nassau and Suffolk Counties, New York, Harine Sciences Research Center, Stony Brook, N.Y., April 1972. [11] Office of Planning Services, Hetropolitan New York District Office, Long Island Harine Wetlands, Albany, N.Y., Harch 1972. [12] Soren, Julian, Ground Water Qualit~ Near the Water Table in Suffolk County, Long Island~ New Yor~, U.S.G.S., LIWR Bulletin No. 8. [13] Suffolk County Planning Dept., County Catalog, Hauppauge, N.Y. 1975. [14] Woodward Clyde Consultants, Assessment of deohydrologic Conditions~ North Fork and Shelter Island, Lo'ng Island, New York, November 1976. [15] Personal Communication, Hrs. Aline Dove, North Fork Aububon Society. [16] Personal Communication, Charles Doug Hardy, North Fork En- vironmental Council. [17] Personal Communication, Frank Kujawski, Jr., Chairman, Southold Town Conservation Advisory Council. [18] Personal Communication, James Monsell, Supt. of Utilities, Inc. Village of Greenport. [19] Personal Communication, Paul Spautenberg, North Fork En- vironmental Council. 3-198 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. Northeastern Water Supply portion of which addresses of New York State. 3.1.5.7 Other Related Federal and State Projects A 208 Areawide Wastewater Treatment }[anagement Study was recently completed by the Nassau-Suffolk Regional Planning Board (NSRPB) for the Nassau-Suffolk bicounty area. The New York State Dept. of Environmeutal Conservation (NYSDEC) has completed a draft 303 River Basin Plan for the Long Island Sound-Atlantic Ocean Basin which includes this planning area. The following related programs are either currently under- way or will commence shortly and will provide information use- ful for preparation of the final facilities plan: (1) The 209 Water Resources Planning Program. (2) The Statewide Solid Waste Hanagement Plan- ning Program. (3) The Statewide Air Quality Planning Program. Another project worth noting is the recently completed Study by the Corp of Engineers, a itself to the water supply needs 3-199 I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENOON and MURRELL, P.C. 3.2 Existing Wastewater Flows and Treatment Systems 3.2.1 Wastewater Fiows The existing wastewater flows in summarized in Table 3-54. the planning area are TABLE 3-54 SUMMARY OF EXISTING WASTEWATER FLOWS FOR THE PLANNING AREA SOURCE OF WASTEWATER FLOW Inc. Village of Greenport Wastewater Treatment Plant (Domestic) Shelter Island Oyster Co. (Industrial) Robert Cooper, Inc. (Industrial) AVERAGE DAILY WASTEWATER FLOW (nearest 1000 GPD) DESIGN WASTE- WATER FLOW 300,000 500,000 20,000*** 50,000* 10,000'** N/A Miscellaneous Sources** 3,100 N/A * Engineer's estimate ** Septage, from domestic septic tanks, cesspools sewage pump out from marinas *** These flows are discharged to the existing Inc. Greenport sewer system N/A Information Not Available 3-200 and Village of I I I I I I I I I I I i I I I I I I H2M CORP, HOLZMAC:HER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. 3.2.2 Collection Systems There is one major wastewater collection system in the plan- ning area. This collection system is located in the Inc. Village of Greenport (see Figure 3-2~0). The collection system serving the Inc. Village of Greenport was originally constructed in 1938. [1] The existing Greenport sewage collection system serves the Inc. Village of Greenport (sewercd area of approximately 0.5 square mile), some residences outside the Village, as well as "Cardboard City" and Eastern Suffolk Nursing Home. [2] The present sewer system consists of four lift stations which flow to a central pumping station which repumps the wastes to the treatment plant. In addition, there is a lift station on Village property south of North Road and west of Moore's Lane which pumps directly to the treatment plant. The treatment plant is situated about 500 feet west of Moore's Lane and about 2,000 feet south of County Route 27. The approximate total foot- age of sewers in the Inc. Village of Greenport is presented in Table 3-55. The collection system layout and pump stations are shown in Figure 3-2_~1, which can be found in Appendix B. Ail other areas within the study area rely on septic tanks and leaching fields, cesspools or tile fields for sanitary waste disposal. 3-201 FIGURE 5-?_O 66 181 I,~NG INLAND t',a~ t Marl 69 J9 ,17 NURSING Subst LEGEND VILLAGE BOUNDARY LOCATION LJMITS Green ~.-~ Younfls Pi ~ ,',.~,' y ~ .x . SCALE; I" = 2000' MAP TOWN OF SOUTHOLD - INC. VILLAGE OF GREENPORT WASTEWATER FACILITIES STUDY HOLZMACHER, McLENDON & MURRELL, RC. Jrt2 M C.ORP. metvlttE, N.Y. FARMINODALE. N.Y, CONSULTING ENGINEERS, PLANNERS and ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTISTS NEWTON, N,J, 3-202 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3-55 INC. VILLAGE OF GREENPORT COLLECTION SYSTEH LENGTH* GRAVITY SEWERS CONSTRUCTED PRIOR TO Less than 8" 8" diameter 10" diameter 12" diameter diameter CONSTRUCTED SINCE 1/1/38 TOTAL FOOTAGE TOTAL 2,540 0 2,540 4,200 36,100 40,300 4,280 4,600 8,880 1,900 950 2,850 12,920 41,650 54,570 (All since *[Source: 1937 - includes 700 feet of gravity outfall) 4" 1,600 feet 6" 6,980 feet 12" 8,200 feet FORCE MAINS Inc. Village of Greenport, Infiltration/Inflow Analysis of the Wastewater Collection System, Holzmacher, HcLendon & ~!urrell, P.C.~974] 3-203 I I ! I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. 3,2.3 Treatment Facilities The only existing wastewater treatment facility in the study area is the Inc. Village of Greenport treatment plant. Table 3-56 summarizes this facility, its Figure 3-22. Figure 3-22 also indicates sanitary landf~ll and scavenger disposal area. location is shown on the location of the lagoon in the planning Inc. Village of Greenport Treatment Plant The existing Inc. Village of Greenport plant is a secondary treatment plant utilizing an aerated lagoon system for the bio- logical oxidation of suspended solids and dissolved organic material in the wastewater. The Greenport plant was designed to serve a population equi- valent to 5,000 (winter and transient summer population) with 85 per cent removal of raw BOD (S-day) and suspended solids at a concentration of 200 and 200 mg/1, respectively, in the influent, and a daily average flow of 0.5 H.G.D. Comminuted waste~ater from the central pump station enters the Imhoff tanks, where the upper portion of the tanks provide a period of quiescence to ~ermit t~e settleable and suspended solids to settle to the lower portion of the Imhoff tanks form- ing primary sludge which undergoes anaerobic digestion. The scum floats to the surface. Primary effluent from the Imhoff tanks is distributed to the aerated lagoons. Within these lagoons an environment is created to promote growth of micro- organisms ~hich feed upon, and reduce the amount of organic 3-204 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3-56 EXISTING WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLAN IN THE PLANNING AREA Location of Facility Owner Serving Capacity (m.g.d.) average/design Discharging into Type of Treatment Wastewater Characteristics Treatment Unit Operations Sludge Train Operations Ultimate Disposal 3-205 Town of Southold (Village of Greenport) Inc. Village of Greenport Inc. Village of Greenport 0.5/0.5 Long Island Sound Aerated Lagoons Domestic Comminutor Imhoff Tanks Aerated Lagoons Final Settling Tank Chlorine Contact Chamber Sludge Digestion Sludge Drying Beds Sanitary Landfill H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL~ P.C. FI C, URE SEE APPENDIX - 3-21 "COLLECTION SYSTEH" 3-206 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ! I H2M CORP. HOLTMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. matter in the wastewater. Air is supplied to the flow by float- ing mechanical aerators to satisfy the oxygen requirements for biological life and to maintain solids ill suspension. Follow- ing the detention period in the lagoons, t]~e stabilized flows to the final settling tank where further settling is obtained. The final effluent is then clhlorinated, metered and flows to the wet well of the effluent pumps which discharge the flow to the Long Island Sound. Sludge from tke final settling tank is pumped to the Imhoff tanks where it settles with the primary sludge in the lower com- partments of the tanks to undergo anaerobic digestion. Digested sludge flows by gravity to the sludge drying beds, from here the dried sludge is trucked to the Village landfill for ultimate disposal. effluent of solids Other Facilities The Inc. Village of Greenport sewer system encompasses only a limited area, leaving large areas within the Town of Southold without a sewage collection and treatment system. These areas primarily rely on subsurface disposal systems, such as septic tanks and leaching pools, cesspools or tile fields, for sanitary waste disposal. The liquid stream receives some treatment prior to lea6hing to the underlying groundwater aquifers. 3-207 ! ! H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. 3.2.4 Scavenger !~astes and Sludge Disposal Scavenger wastes are the liquid pumpings of cesspool and septic tank leaching systems. The typical residential system has an average life of five to 15 years. A leaching system fails due to various causes -- high ground water conditions, poor soil characteristics for leaching, leaching system, grease build-up on the accumulation of solid matter. Failures overloading of the soil pores and long-term are noticed by owners when backups occur and liquids cannot enter the leaching system. Once failure has occurred, the leaching system is pumped by scavenger trucks and the waste disposed of at the sanitary land- fill facility. Usually, the frequency of pumping increases after the first failure. Recent legislation by Suffolk County to elim- inate detergents has caused a return to the use of soap. This material coats and clogs soil pores and has caused a noticeable decrease in the life o£ cesspool-leaching systems. Typical sources of scavenger wastes include residences, restaurants, commercial establishments, industries and laundro~ mats. At the present time, all non-sewered areas within the study area discharge scavenger wastes at the Town landfill site in Cutckogue. In order to predict the ~stimated ~aste volume that might be expected in t~e future, a scavenger waste study was conducted over a two week period at the Town of Southold landfill site. Table 3-57 indicates the gallonage of scavenger wastes discharged 3-208 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3-57 TOWN OF SOUTHOLD SCAVENGER ~ASTE (GALLONS DISCHARGED/TWO WEEKS) RESIDENTIAL RESTAURANT C OHHE RC I AL 33,650 3,700 12 , 000 INDUSTRY LAUNDRY TOTAL 49,350 3-209 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. during 5-23 depicts the gallonage of particular day during the two It is estimated that the the two week period within the entire study area. Figure scavenger wastes discharged on any week study. quantity of scavenger wastes dis- charged per year within the entire study area is 1.13 gallons. It can be expected that venger waste will follow the million the increase in the volume of sca- same general pattern as the growth of population within the study area. For example, from Table 3-2--7, Population Projections by Drainage Basins, in Section 3.1.12 of this report the permanent population for drainage basins A and B (excluding the Inc. 1975 was 15,641. By dividing the present flow Village of Greenport) for of 1.13 million gallons per year by a population of 15,641, an annual discharge of 72.2 gallons of scavenger waste per capita per year is obtained. Based on 72.2 gallons of scavenger waste per capita per year, the 1985, 1995 and 2005 flows based on the combined pro- jected populations for drainage basins A and B of 20,275 for 1985, 26,166 for 1995 and 33,920for 2005 are respectively 1.46, 1.89 and 2.45 million gallons. Table 3-58 contains data on typical characteristics of scavenger wastes. It should be noted that prior to the design of a scavenger waste treatment facility another scavenger waste survey should be performed, however, this time over a longer surveying period, 3-210 8= I"rl I'rl Z 4/7 4/8 4/10 4/11 4/12 4/13 4/18 4/19 4/21 4/23 4/24 4/26 4/28 4/29 5/1 5/2/78 GALLONS OF SCAVENGER WASTE DISCHARGED O O o RESI. RESTAURANT RESIDENTIAL RESIDENTIAL RESI. o o ~o o o ~o o o o CD 0 (:D CD (D C) 0 0 © CD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 © RESIDENTIAL COMM. RESI. RESI. RESI. COMM. REST. RESIDENTIAL RES It RE S I. RESI. COMM. RES I. COMMERCIAL H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER. McL£NDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3- 58 SCAVENGER WASTES* RAW WASTE VARIATIONS CONST I TUENT S BOD-5 day (mg/1) 260 to 3,000 Suspended Solids (mg/1) 400 to 36,000 pH 2.6 to 11.9 *Biological Treatment of Septic Tank Wastes, Town N.Y., Eckenfelder and O'Connor, Consultants WASTE CHARACTERISTICS AND VARIATIONS* TRUCK S~PLES BOD Suspended Solids CONCENTRATION - mg/1 % FREOUENCY 10% 50% 90% 350 900 2,200 540 3,800 22,000 CO~4POSITE S~PLES BOD (Total) BOD (Soluble) Suspended Solids 500 1,700 5,500 1S0 480 1,450 1,400 5,600 23,000 *Biological Treatment of Septic Tank Wastes, Town N.Y., Eckenfelder and O'Connor, Consultants 3-212 of Oyster Bay, of Oyster Bay, I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H2M CORP, HOLZMACHER, McL£NDON and MURR£LL, P,C. for example, six months. Since the daily variations in quanti- ties of scavenger waste delivered can be quite extreme a longer survey period would give a more accurate projection of the actual amount of scavenger waste discharged. Another source of scavenger waste generated within the plan- ning area is from sewage pump-out facilities. These facilities are usually located at marinas in order to remove sewage from boats. The location of these facilities are shown on Figure 3-24. Conversations with management personnel~at facilities indicate that is pumped out, very small. these that no data is available on the amount although it is expected that the quantity is REFERENCES [1] [2] Engineering Report, Inc. Village of Greenport Water Pollution Control Plant, Secondary Treatment Facilities, Holzmacher, McLendon & Murrell, P.C., August 1967. Sewer System Evaluation Report, Inc. Village of Greenport, Holzmacher, McLendon & Murrell, P.C., January 1976. 3-213 I I I I O-SEWAGE PUMP OUT FACILITIES FOR MARINAS [--']-SEWAGE PUMP OUT FACILITIES FOR MARINAS LOCATED WITHIN THE STUDY AREA TOWN OF SEWAGE PUMP-OUT FACILITIES SOUTHOLD - INC. VILLAGE OF GREENPORT WASTEWATER FACILITIES STUDY HOI-ZMACHER, McLENDON & MURRELL, RC, fH 2 M CORP. ~LWLLE, FARMING, DALE, N.Y, CONSULTING ENGINEERS. PLANNERS and ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTISTS NEWTON, N.J. 3-214 I I I H21VI CORP. HOLZMA.CH£R, MCLIFNDON and MURRELL, P.C. 3.2.5 Industrial, Commercial and Agricultural Waste Disposal I I Industrial development that has taken place in the planning area up to the present time has been primarily light industry such as the seafood industry. Table 3-59 contains a listing of the industrial and major commercial establishments in the planning area. The wastewater flow from the industrial and commercial establishments listed in Table 3-59 are for the most part insignificant. The largest industrial flows come from Shelter Island Oyster Co. and Robert Cooper Inc., which average 20,000 and 10,000 G.P.D. respectively. these flows to the existing system and treatment plant. [1] The above industries discharge Inc. Village of Greenport sewer Wastewater generated from the other establishments (as well as agricultural waste) is either discharged to individual on-site disposal systems or hauled away by private scavenger for final disposal. REFERENCES Ill Inc. Village of Recovery System, 1977. Greenport, Report on Industrial Cost Holzmacher, McLendon & Murrell, P.C., Nov. 3-215 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3- 59 INDUSTRIAL AND COtBiERCIAL ESTABLISHIIENTS WITHIN THE PLANNING AREA NAI'IE Greenport Ice P]ant GreenF, ort Seafood }4kt. Shelter Island Oyster Co. Pells Fish Hkt. Robert: Cooper Inc. Hitchels' Sea Resort North Folk Shipyard Inc. Coragini & Sons L.I. Oyster Farms Inc. Wm. J,. Mills Co. L.I. Traveler Watch- man Inc. Suffolk Peconic Times City News Pub. Co. .cademy Print. Ser- vices Inc. LOCATION (V) Greenport (V) Greenport (V) Greenport (V) Greenport (V) Greenport (V) Greenport New Suffolk, (T) Southold (V) Greenport (V) Greenport (T) Southold (V) Greenport (T) Southold {iT) Southold PRODUCT/SERVICE The main business is ice pro- duction. Some seafood process- ing (scallops, clams & fish) is handled. However, this is ninimal. The selling of clams, scal- lops & fish. Fish & seafood processing com- pany, oysters, clams & scalloDs opening & separation process (automated)-canning of oysters. The receiving, ice packing & boxing of seafood for distri- bution to market. Fish & seafood processing com- pany, scallop opening & sepa- ration process. Fish meal pro- duction. Boat marina. Boat marina. Asphalt batching plant. Fresh & frozen oysters. Sails & awnings. Newspaper printing. Weekly newspaper. Publish magazine. Commercial printing. 3-216 I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. NAME Crystalline Hfg. Co. Hummell & Boissen Aves Lewmar Marine Inc. K.G. Brown ;lfg. Co., I~C. Briden Machine Corp. Elko Machine & Tool Co. , ]inc. E.D. ~4eyer Hfg, Co. Telstar Electronics Corp. Sterling Harbor Ship- yard & Marina Inc. Goldsmith's Boat Shop Inc. New Suffolk Shipyards Inc. North Fork Shipyard Inc. TABLI! 3- 59 (CONT'D.) LO CAT I ON (T) Southold (T) Soutltold (V) Greenpor t Hattituck, (T) Southold Mattituck, (T) Southold (T) Southold (T) Southold (T) Southold (V) Greenport (T) Southold New Suffolk, (T) Southold New Suffolk, (T) Sout}xold 3-217 PRODUCT/SERVICE Crystals for watches - glass & plastic. Concrete block, ready-mix sand & gravel. ~arine hardware. Vending machines, walk-in freezers. Hachine shop, tools, dies. ?!achined component parts. Hydraulic cylinders & airplane components. Oceanographic & nuclear medi- cal equipment. Shipyard & marina. Boat repair yard. Boat services & sales. klarine repairs. H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. 3.3 Performance of Existing Wastewater Treatment Facilities 3.3.1 Introduction The Inc. Village of Greenport has the only municipal wastewater treatment plant in the planning area. A description of this facility with regard to owner, location, type of unit operations, discharge point, etc. is given in Section 3.2.1 and Table 3-54 of this report. In this section the performance of the existing Greenport treatment plant is discussed. This discussion is based on the performance records obtained from the various regulatory agencies and data available to our office. 3-218 I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMA¢:HER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. 3.3.2 [nc. Village of Greenport Treatment Facility Table 3-60 contains a brief summary of the basic design data for each unit operation and process used for treating the wastewater at the Greenport facility. A flow schematic for the plant is given in Figure 3-25. Sections 3.2.1 and 3.2.2 contain a brief description of the Greenport wastewater collection, treatment and disposal system. A comparison between the treatment plant performance for the period of record (January 1977-March 1978), the plant design data and the SPDES effluent limitation requirements are pre- sented in Tables 3-61 and 3-62. The comparison contained in the above tables illustrates that for the period of record, the Greenport facility did not consistently meet the effluent limitations set forth in its SPDES permit. However, the following information should be noted: 1. The majority of the treatment plant did not go on line until December 1977. 2. In addition, the plant's secondary clarifier was off line for about seven months after start-up due to mechanical problems, and the plant's Imhoff tanks were off line for about five months for rehabilitation as part of the construction project. 3. Operating problems caused by the discharge of industrial wastewater from the scallop processing operation of the Shelter Island Oyster Co., Inc. hindered plant performance. 3-219 I I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. SUiIHARY OF BASIC DESIGN DATA FOR 'FIIE INC. VILLAGE 0F (;REENPORT !'/ASTEWATER TP, EATHENT FACILITY l, IL&W kqASTE ~'IATER I)UPP Number of Units Type Discharge Capacity i4otor 2 . CObb.ii NIITOR Type Size of Drum Capacity (Avg.) Horsepower 3. I~4HOFF iANKS Number of Units Length Width (Sedimentation Chamber) Water Depth (Above Digestion Chamber) Detention Time: At design florae of 0.5M.G.D. Surface Loading Rate: At design flow 4. AERATED LAGOONS Number of Lagoons Side Water Depth Volume/Lagoon Detention Time: At design flow of 0.25 H.G.D. S. r~CHANr CAL AE P, ATO RS Number of Units Horsepower Oxygenatien Capacity, lbs. - 02/hp-hr. Three (:5) Vertical, non-clog centrifugal 200 G.P.H. at 52 Ft. TDH to 1,000 C.P.~{. at 26 Ft. TDH Open, drip-proof, 15 HP/Pump Free discharge 15-3/4 inches 1.85 H.G.D. One (1) Two (2) 50 Ft. 9 Ft. 10 Ft. 2.4 hrs. 555 gal./s.f./day Two (2) 12 Ft. 4.3 8.6 days Four (4) 7.5 3.0 3-220 I I i H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3-60 6. FINAL SETTLING TANK Number of Units Diameter, feet Side Water Depth, feet Detention Time: At design flow of 0.5 H.G.D. Overflow Rate: At design fi. ow of 0.5 M.G.D. 7, CHLORINE CONTACT T~K Number of Units Overall Length, Feet Overall Width, Feet Side Wall Depth, Feet Type Detention Time: At 1.5 M.G.D., )4inutes 8, ~ CHANI CAL HIXERS Number of Units Horsepower per Unit 9. CHLORINATION SYSTE~4 Number of Units Capacity, ppd Type of Feeders Sample Pumps Horsepower per Unit Points of Appli- cation 10. SECONDARY SLUDGE PULPS Number of Units Type Discharge Capacity Motor (CONT'D.) One (1) 40 Ft. 7 Ft. 3 hrs. 800 ga]s./s.f./day One (1) with 18 Ft. 24 Ft. 7 Ft. Rectangular 15 min. three chambers Two (2) 3/4 New Unit Standby Unit One (1) One (1) 100 200 Gas-Water Solution Gas-Water Solution Feeder w/Residual Feeder Analyzer & Recorder One (1) -- 1/2 -- Influent Chamber of Wet Well of Final Chlorine Contact Effluent Pumps Tank Two (2) Vertical, non-clog centrifugal 50 G.P.H. at 20 Ft. TDH to 250 G.P.H. at 13 Ft. TDH Open, Drip-proof, 1-1/2 HP/Pump 3-221 I I I H2M CORP. HOLZMAeHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 5-60 (CONT'I).) 11. CHE~'IICAL FEED PU}~,P Number of Units One (1) Type Positive Displacement Diaphragm Capacity 12 gph .at 150 psi Horsepower 1/4 12. FINAL EFFLUENT PUHPS Number of Units Three (3) Type Horizontal, non-clog centrifugal Discharge Capacity 200 G.P.H. at 52 Ft. TDH to 1,000 G.P.H. at 26 Ft. TDH ~Iotor Open, Drip-proof, 10 HP/Pump 13. SLUDGE DRYING BEDS There are two (2) sludge drying areas available at the Greenport plant. One (1) area has open beds with a total area of 4,000 s.f., while the other consists of covered beds with a total area of 2,500 s.f. 3-222 I I I I I I I I I I I i ! ! I I I SECONDARY PUMP RO0 SLUDGE DRYING METERING SLUDGE CHLORINE CONTACT CONTROL ~ EFFLUENT PUMP FINAL SETTI_I NG TANK -- L_ IMHOFF TANKS AERATED LAGOON N~ I AERATED LAGOON N22 ]TRIBUTION CHAMBER LEGEND WASTEWATER FLOW ------ SLUOGE FLOW SIMPLIFIED WASTEWATER AND SLUDGE FLOW SCHEMATIC. TOWN OF SOUTHOLD - INC, VILLAGE OF GREENPORT WASTEWATER FACILITIES STUDY HOLZMACHER, McLENDON & MURRELL, RC. Jrt2 M C.ORP. MELVILLE, N.Y. CONSULTING ENGINEERS, PLANNERS and ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTISTS 3-223 I I ! I I I I I I ! I I I I ! FROM (Month, Year) TABLE 5-6~1 INC. VILLAGE OF GREE,~H)ORT ICASTEIVATER TREAT,'IENT PLANT PERFORMANCE Reporting Period TO (Month, Year) January 1977 December 1977 PLANT PLANT ACHIEVES COHPLIES ACTUAL PLANT PLANT SPDES DESIGN ~ITH PERMIT PERFOP3tAN CE DES I GN PE~II T EFF I CIENCY REQUI REIlENTS MONTHLY ITE~IS DATA DATA REQUI RE,lENTS YES NO YES NO [1) FLOIV (H.G.D.) 0,209 H.G.D. 0.S H.G.D. 0.5 H,G.~. x x (monthly average) [2) PEAK FLOW (H.G.D.) 0.275 M.G.D. 1.S [!.G.D. -- x (maximum day) [3) SETTLEABLE SOLIDS (monthly average) Influent (ml/1) 2~ .... N/A Effluent (ml/1) 0.0 -- 0.~ ml/1 x % Removal 100 ~) SUSPENDED SOLI 6g (monthly average) Influent (mg/1) 189 200 -- x Effluent (mg/1) 59 30 30 mR/1a x x % Removal 69 85 85 :5) BOD.-5 (monthly average) Influent (mg/1) 228 200 -- x Effluent (mg/1) 113 $0 $0 mg/l* x x % Removal 50 85 85 76) SUSPENDED SOLIDS (monthly average) Influent (#/day) 338 834 -- x Effluent (#/day) 109 125 125 #/day* x x % Removal 68 85 -- 77) BOD.-S (monthly average) Influent (#/day) 442 834 -- x Effluent (#/day) 184 125 125 #/day* x x % Removal S8 85 -- 8) COLIFO~.I (/lO0 ml) (monthly average) Total 17.6 -- 700/100 ml N/A x Fecal 5.9 -- 200/100 ml x 9) pH Effluent 7.2 -- 6 to 9 N/A x 2. PLANT RECORDS Are montkly operating records filed with State Agency? *Based on 30 day arithmetic mean N/A - indicates Not Applicable 3-224 x Yes No I I I I I I i I I I I I I I i I I FRO?~ O. lonth, Year) TABI.E 3- 62 INC. VILLAGE OF GREENPOPT WASTE~ATER TREATHENT PLANT PE RFORt IA?4CE Reporting Period TO (Honth, Year) January 1978 tlarch 1978 PLANT PLANT AOII EVES COHPL I ES ACTUAL PLANT PLANT SPDES DESIGN WITH PERMIT PE Rf:OR~NCE DESIGN PE~IIT EFFICIENCY REQU IREHENTS ~IOXTHLY ITEMS DATA DATA REmUI REHENTS YES NO YES fl) FLOIg (}I.G.D.) 0.174 H,G.D. O.S H.G.D 0,5 H,G.O. x x (monthly average) (2) PEAK FLO~ (H.G.D.) 0.4 tI.G.D. 1.5 H.G.D, -- x (maximu~ day) (3) SETTLEABLE SOLIDS (monthly average) Influent (mi/i) 22 .... N/A Efqluent (mi/l) 0 -- 0.3 ml/l x % Removal 100 .... (4) SUSPEJJDED SOLI~ rmonthly average) [nfluent (mB/l) 141 200 -- x Effluent [mB/l) 31 30 30 mg/l* x % Removal 78 85 85 rs) BOD-S (monthly average) [nfluent (mB/l) 169 200 -- x Effluent (mB/l) 26 30 SO mg/l~ x x % Removal 85 85 85 (6) SUSPENDED SOLIDS (monthly average) Influent (#/day) 208 834 -- x Effluent {#/day) 45 125 125 #/day* x x % Removal 78 85 -- [7) BOD-5 J 'monthly avertge) In~luent (#/day) 248 85~ -- x Effluent (~/day) 38 125 123 ~/da)'* x x % Removal 85 85 -- [8) COLIFODI (/100 mi) (monthly average) To'tal 4.~ -- 700/100 ml N/A x Fecal 3.7 -- 200/100 ml x 79) pH Effluent 7.4 -- 6 to 9 N/A x 2. PLDNT RECORDS 3re monthly operating records filed with State Agency? *Based on 30 day arithmetic mean N/A - indicates Not Applicable x Yes NO 3-225 I I ! I I I I I I I I I I I ! I H21~I CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. In Table 3-6__m3 sam?ling analysis frequency is given for various parameters. In all instances the sampling analysis frequency met or exceeded the SPD~S permit requirements. In addition, all sample types are in agreement with SPDES permit requirements. In Table 3-64 the measurement and analysis methods perform- ed on the samples are given. The analysis methods are found in Standard Hethods for the Examination of Water and Wastewaters, 14th Edition, 1976, American Public Health Association, New York, N.Y. and are considered satisfactory. 3-226 MINIMUM REQUIRED TESTS SAMPLE LOCATION ~ = o ~ .,~ ~ o ~ ~ = ~ o LEGEND: TYPB OF SA~{PLE FREQUENCY D - Daily D2 Twice Daily Type of C ~ Composite W - Weekly M - Monthly Sample ~ G ~ Grab M2 Twice Monthly · - Check Residual Analyzer Reading Frequency H21~I CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3-64 INC. VILLAGE OF GREENPORT WASTEWATER TREATHENT PLANT HEASUREHENT AND ANALYSIS METHODS PARAHETER Flow Measurement Chlorine Residual Settleable Solids Suspended Solids pH BOD Total Coliform Fecal Coliform Temperature at °C HETHOD OF MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS Flow Heter - Effluent Orthotolodine Method Residual Analyzer - Effluent Imhoff Cone Influent/Effluent Filtration/Drying (Performed by independent laboratory)-Influent/Effluent Meter- Influent/Ef~luent Standard BOD-5 - Titration at intervals (Performed by independent laboratory)- Influent Fermentation Process (Perforraed by independent laboratory)-Effluent Fermentation Process (Performed by independent laboratory)-Effluent Thermometer - °C - Effluent 3-228 H21VI CORP. HOLZMAOHER, MCLI~NDON and MURRI:LL, P,C. 3.3.2.1 Caliber and Number of Operating Personnel The basic staff operating and maintaining the treatment plant are as follows: Supt. of Utilities - Mr. Chief Operator - Mr. Attendant - Mr. QUALIFICATIONS J. Monsell N.Y.S. III-B R. Walkden N.Y.S. III-B L. Kalin High School Diploma dual plant, the remainder of the testing is dent laboratory, H2M Corp. Laboratory, 3.3.2.2 Adequacy of Laboratory Facilities Only pH, temperature, settleable solids and chlorine resi- determinations are performed in the laboratory at the performed by an indepen- Melville, New York 11747 3.3.2.3 Quality of Maintenance Based on interview information, the treatment facility is adequately maintained. Furthermore, there is a program for in- spection, maintenance and repair for all major equipment at the facility. 3.3.2.4 Adequacy of Sampling and Testing Program It is evident from Tables 3-65 and 3-66 that the facilities testing and sampling program is satisfactory and meets the SPDES permit requirements. 3-229 I I H21VI CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3-65 INC. VILLAGE OF GREENPORT WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT INFLUENT CHARACTERISTICS AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE AVEP~GE DAILY DALLY DALLY DALLY DALLY FLOW BOD-S* BOD-5 * S.S.* S.S.* MONTH (H. G. D. ) (mg/1) (#/DAY) (mg/1) (#/DAY) 1977' JAN. .255 219 FEB. .268 503 FAR. .275 375 APR. .179'* 273 MAY .200** 292 JUNE .237** 352 AVERAGE DALLY SETTLE- ABLE SOLIDS (mi/l) pH '77 AVG. .2U9 228 442 189 338 23.0 7.3 1978 JAN. .159 130 172 96 127 20.0 7.1 FEB. .180 235 353 157 236 21.0 6.9 MAR. .174 142 218 171 262 26.0 6.9 '78 AVG. .174 169 248 141 208 22.0 7.0 * BOD-5 - 5 day biochemical oxygen demand S.S. - Suspended Soli. ds **Estimated values 3-230 JULY .201 126 213 204 379 19.0 7.2 AUG. .218 157 280 252 467 25.0 7.2 SEPT. .187 74 117 119 231 23.0 7.3 OCT. .169 149 211 171 239 23.0 7.2 NOV. .152 114 145 92 116 23.0 7.2 DEC. .161 100 132 103 138 18.5 7.1 480 163 347 16.5 7.4 1,092 201 438 26.0 7.4 1,063 277 663 22.0 7.5 455 224 314 24.0 7.3 483 302 415 34.0 7.1 629 165 313 21.0 7.2 I i I I I I I I I i i I I I i I MONTH 1977 TABLI~ 3- 66 INC. VILLAGE OF GREENPORT WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT EFFLUENT CHARACTERISTICS AVE RAG E DA I LY AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE AVERAGE SETTLE - DAILY DAILY DAILY DAILY DAILY AB LE FLOW BOD-5 BOD-$ S.S. * S.S.* SOLIDS (M.G.D.) (mg/1) (#/DAY) (mg/1) (#/DAY). (ml/1) TOTAL COLIFOpuxl MPN/100ml FECAL COLIFO~4 MPN/100ml JAN. .255 90 189 110 231 0.0 5,0 < 3.0 FEB. .268 203 348 109 229 0.0 30.0 9.0 ~R. .275 203 471 109 245 0.0 7.0 < 3.0 'APR. .179'* 344 292 73 84 0.0 47.0 28.0 ~y .200** 185 319 73 126 0.0 10,0 < 3.0 JUNE .237** 245 450 74 140 0.0 3.1 < 3.0 JULY .201 25 42 48 82 0.0 6.5 5,0 AUG. .218 21,2 39 32.8 61 0.0 3,7 3.7 SEPT. .187 8.8 13 13,8 21 0.0 18,Z 4.2 OCT. .]69 9.0 13 23.8 34 0.0 < 3.0 < 3.0 NOV, .152 13,6 20 15.4 19 0.0 43.5 < 3.0 DEC. .161 13.5 17 23.8 33 0.0 34.0 < 3.0 '77 AVG. .209 113 184 59 109 0.0 17.6 5.9 .159 25 33 28 37 0.0 3,0 3.0 · 180 34 51 25 38 0.0 7.0 5.0 · 184 z 0 3_~ 3~ 6_0 o. 0 a. 0 ~. 0 45 0.0 4.3 3.7 .174 26 38 1978 JAN. FEB. MAR. '78 AVG, * BOD- 5 S.S. 31 - 5 day biochemical oxygen demand - Suspended Solids **Estimated values CHLORINE RESIDUAL (mg/l) 1.4 1.7 1.6 1.2 0.4 0.4 1.2 2.1 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 7.3 7.4 7.2 7.3 7.1 7.2 7.1 7,2 7.3 7.1 7.2 7.2 7.2 7.5 7.3 7.4 7.4 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER. McLENDON and MURRELL. P.C. 3.3.2.5 The treatment 0.5 H.G.D. In Table 3-67 Adequacy of Plant Design facility was designed to handle a flow o the values of various design parameters for the main addition, the NYSDEC design criterian are for comparison. stream unit operations and processes are given. In 1970 Standards along with good practice given in the remarks column as a basis Based on the information given in Table 3-60 and the performance information in Tables 3-61 through 3-67 the treatment plant's performance and design are acceptable for this type of plant. 3-232 I I TABLE 3-67 DESIGN FOR TREATMENT PLANT AT DESIGN FLOW UNIT OPERATION OR PROCESS Imhoff Tank DETENTION TI}4E 2.4 hrs. ~ IR SURFACE OVERFLOW LOADING RATE ORGANIC LOADING (GPD/SF) (GPD/LF) (LBS. BOD/DAY/1000 SE) TOTAL VOLUbIE Aerated Lagoon 8.6 days 555 52,632 N.A. 9,000cf Final Settling 7.2 N.A. 4.6 Chlorine Contact 15 mins. 3 hrs. 800 4,000 N.A. N.A. - indicates "Not Applicable" N.A. N.A. N.A. 4,300,000 gallons 8,800cf 23,000 gallons 3-233 REbIARKS- DESIGN STANDARDS/ GOOD PRACTICE DESIGN CRITERIA Except for isolated loca- tions Imhoff tanks have been replaced by separate settling and digestion facilities. In the past good design practice dic- tated ~ detention time be- tween 2 to 4 hrs. and a surface loading of 600 GPD/ SF at design flow. Good design practice dic- tates a detention time be- tween 7 to 20 days. Good design practice dic- tates 2 to 3 hrs. detention time. NYSDEC Standards for Waste Treatment Works 1970 Section 62.3-Surface loading should not exceed 800 GPD/SF for significant flow perioda Section 61.14-Weir loadings should not exceed 10,000 GPD /LF for plants designed for average flows of 1.0 MGD or less. NYSDEC Standards for Waste Treatment Works 1970 Sec- tion ii8.i-Contact period no less than 15 mins. at peak flow. I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ! H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C, 3.4 Individual On-Site Facilities With the exception of the [nc. Village of Greenport and acjacent areas served by the Greenport wastewater treatment plant, the remaining communities within the planning area rely on individual on-site septic tank cesspool-]eaching field systems for subsurface disposal. Soil conditions and depth to ground water determine the leaching system that will be utilized. Table 3-68 shows the criteria for determining the leaching system for residential subsurface sewage disposal facilities established by the Bureau of Environmental Health Services of the Suffolk County Health Department. In all cases, unsuitable replaced with a 3-foot clean sand and leaching pools to a depth of at least soils must be removed and gravel collar around the 6-feet into a virgin strata of typical Long Island sand and gravel. The nature of the soil is determined by excavation of one or more test holes at the site of installation. The test hole must be carried to a depth of 6-feet in excess of the proposed leaching pool bottom or in the case of unusual soil, until a strata of 6-feet of virgin Long Island sand and gravel is encountered. In Figure 3-2--6 through 3-31 composite soil profiles were put together from several test hole data from the various com- munities shown on Figure 3-~ within the planning area in order to ascertain the soil suitability for septic tank-leaching pool systems. In general, Figure 3-26 through 3-31 indicates that 3-234 H2M CORP. HOLZMA(;HER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. TABLE 3- 68 CRITEP, IA FOR DETEP~ININ~, LEACHING SYSTEH FOR RESIDENTIAL SUBSURFACE SE;~AGE DISPOSAL FACILITIES SYSTEM Septic Tank and one (1) Leach- Greater than 15 ft. ing Pool Septic Tank and two (2) Leach- 10 ft. - 15 ft. lng Pools Septic Tank and three (3) Leach- 8 ft. 10 ft. lng Pools DEPTH TO GROUND WATER 3-235 I FIGURE I i i ! I I I I ! i I ! i I I COMPOSITE SOIL PROFILE FOR TEST HOLES IN CUTCHOGUE* Grade-~ DoM, Topsoil & Loam Loam & Clay Coarse Sand & Gravel Sand Gravel Avg. Depth of Test Holes 8.8' *Source: Bureau of Environmental Health Services, Office of General Engineering Services, Suffolk County, NY. NOTE: D.V. Depth of Each Soil Stratification Varies. Water was encountered at various depths ranging from 4 to 17 feet below grade in this portion of the planning area. TOWN OF SOUTHOLD - INC. VILLAGE OF GREENPORT WASTEWATER FACILITIES STUDY HOILZMACHER, McLENDON & MURRELL, RC./H2M CORP. *aE~.WL~.~. N.~'. CONSULTING ENGINEERS, PLANNERS and ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTISTS FAIt~INGDA[~, N.¥, NEWTON, N,J. 3-236 FIGURE 3-27' COMPOSITE SOIL PROFILE FOR TEST HOLES IN }tATTITUCK* Grade -,~ t ] Loam w/small { [ amounts of I.Sand w/vary- Test Holes 12.1' I ing amounts [ of clay fi / ISand *Source: Bureau of Environmental Health Services, O£fice of General Engineering Services, Suffoll: County, NY. NOTE: D.V. - Dep'th of Each Soil Stratification Varies. Depth of test holes varied from 5.7 to 14 feet below grade. TOWN OF SOUTHOLD - INC. VILLAGE Of GREENPORT WASTEWATER FACILITIES STUDY HOI. ZMACHER, McLENDON & MURRELL, RC./H2 M CORP. CONSULTING ENGINEERS, PLANNERS and ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTISTS FAI~MINGDAI. E, N.Y. NEW?ON. N.J. 3-237 i FIGURGE :5-:2 I I I i I I I I I I I i i i I I I COMPOSITE SOIL PROFILE FOR TEST HOLES IN PECONIC* Grade Topsoil w/ Sand & Loam Sandy Loam Sand w/small amounts of Gravel & Clay Sand Gravel Avg. ~pth of Test Holes 14' *Source: Bureau of Environmental Health Services, Office of General Engineering Services, Suffolk County, NY. NOTE: D.V. Depth of Each Soil Stratification Varies. Depth of test holes in this portion of the study area were dug to 14 feet below grade. At some locations water was encountered at this depth. TOWN OF SOUTHOLD - INC. VILLAGE OF 6REENPORT WASTEWATER FACILITIES STUDY HOt. ZMACHER, McLENDON & MURRELL, RC. /H 2 M CORP. MEtV,ttl. N.Y. CONSULTING ENGINEERS. PLANNERS and ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTISTS FARMINGOAtl, N,¥. NEWTON. N,J, 3-238 I FIGURE 3-29 ! I i ! i I I ! I COMPOSITE SOIL PROFILE FOR TEST HOLES IN SOUTHOLD~ Grade ~ Topsoil Sandy Loam Med. Sand Sand & Gravel Coarse Sand & Gravel D.V. Coarse Sand Coarse Sand & Gravel Med. Sand Sand Avg. Depth Of Test Moles 16.1' *Source: Bureau of Environmental Health Services, Office of General Engineering Services, Suffolk County, NY. NOTE: D.V. - Depth of Each Soil Stratification Varies. Depth of test holes varied from 9.5 to 28 feet below grade. Water was encountered at some test holes at depths ranging from 3.5 to 9.5 feet below grade. TOWN OF SOUTHOLD - INC. VILLAGE OF GREENPORT WASTEWATER FACILITIES STUDY HOLZMACHER, McLENDON & MURRELL, RC. JH 2 M CORP. MttWtLl. CONSULTING ENGINEERS. PLANNERS and ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTISTS 3-239 I FIGURE 3-30 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I/ I COHPOSITE SOIL PROFILE FOR TEST HOLES IN EAST ~RION* Grade~ D.Vo Topsoil Loam Fine Sand Sand Gravel Avg. Depth of Test Holes 14.2' *Source: Bureau of Environmental Health Services, Office of General Engineering Services, Suffolk County, NY. NOTE: D.V. Depth of Each Soil Stratification Varies. Depth of test holes varied from 12 to 15 feet below grade. TOWN OF SOUTHOLD-INC. VILLAGE OF GREENPORT WASTEWATERFACILITIE$ STUDY HOLZMACHER, McLENDON & MURRELL, RC. /H 2M CORP. Mitvlttl. N.Y. CONStJ~.TING ENGINEERS. PLANNERS and ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTISTS FAItMINGDAtlE, N.¥, 3-240 COMPOSITE SOIL PROFILE FOR TEST HOLES IN ORIENT POINT* Grade-~ DoM. Topsoil Loam & Clay Sand Gravel Coarse Sand Gravel Avg. Depth of Test Holes 12.5' *Source: Bureau of Environmental Health Services, Office of General Engineering Services, Suffolk County, NY. NOTE: D.V. Depth of Each Soil Stratification Varies. Depth of test holes varied from 10 to 15 feet below grade. For most of the test holes dug in this por- tion of the planning area only a depth of about 5.5 feet below grade were soils containing sand en- countered. TOWN OF SOUTHOLD-INC. VILLAGE OF GREENPORT WASTEWATERFACILITIES STUDY HOLZMACHER, McLENDON & MURRELL, RC. /H 2 M CORP. MEL¥1LL[. N.Y. FARMINGDALE, N,Y, CO~NSULTING ENGINEERS. PLANNERS and ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTISTS NEWTON. N.J. 3-241 H21~1 CORP. HOLZMACHER, MCLENDON and MURRELL, P.O. the subsoil in the various communities are suitable for septic tank-leaching pool systems (sand and gravel strata for leaching pools). However, it should be noted that for some areas, sub-soil modifications were required where loam and large amounts of clay were encountered. A recommendation of the Bureau of Environmental Health Services is that septic tanks be cleaned at least once per year. However, there are no records available which indicate the frequency of cleaning from each home or any septic tank- leaching pools failure within the planning area. 3-242 H21VI CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. the unused 20-25 refuse received remaining. 3.5 Solid Waste Management Except for a few collection routes, most property owners bring their refuse to the Town of Southold landfill site in Cutchoque. Industrial and commercial establishments, for the most part, contract with a private hauler for collection of solid waste. The Southold Sanitary Landfill site is located north of North Road (see Figure 3-22), between Cox and Depot Lanes, and occupies approximately 35 acres. The current operation is on acres, and it is estimated at present rate of (30,000 TPY), the landfill has 5-8 years use The landfill receives along with normal packer truck opera- tion (16 loads) and private vehicles (800/day), bulky and over- size materials. Ail hazardous wastes and automobiles are excluded. Scavenger wastes are deposited directly on the ground in shallow beds, located in the northwest corner of the property. The present landfill operation is in two foot compacted layers, with the bottom layer placed 5 feet above the ground water table. These layers have 6-12 inches of fill placed over them at the end of each day. The lift heights are 8-10 feet, including 12 inches of intermediate compacted cover material. The final cover material is a 24 inch compacted layer, with the uppermost 6 inches of a composition suitable for plant growth. The final cover material will be graded to prevent ponding and erosion and 3-243 I I I I I I I I I I/ I I I I I i I I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURREL~., P.C. to reduce to a minimum the infiltration of water into the solid waste cells. There is no incineration prior to final disposal. 3-244 H21Vl CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. 3.6 Infiltration/Inflow Study The 1972 Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act mandate that all Step I grant applicants must prepare an Infiltration/Inflow analysis, in order to determine the condi- tion of existing sewer systems in the study area. As mentioned previously the only sewer system in the study area is in the Inc. Village of Greenport collection system. Infiltration is the term applied to the water that enters the sewers through leaks in the pipes and joints, because the sewer elevations are lower than that of the water table. In- flow is the term applied to the rainwater that enters the system through leaky manhole covers and unauthorized connections from roof drains and household sumps, etc. Infiltration is evaluated by flow measurements made inside the sewer lines during a dry night, to ensure that domestic discharges are minimal. Analogously, inflow is evaluated by sewer flow measurements during a rainy night. The total flow is then infiltration plus inflow, and the inflow rate is obtained by difference. In February 1974 a report entitled, "Infiltration/Inflow Analysis", of the wastewater collection system, Inc. Village of Greenport was prepared by Holzmacher, McLendon & Murrell, P.C. The conclusions and recommendations made in this report are described below. "There is no significant infiltration in the collection system at Greenport. There is a limited problem of inflow through illegal roof drain connections in the business areas along Front and First Streets and through flooded manhole covers at the intersections of Front and First Streets and Third and North Streets. 3-245 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I/ H2MI CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. The collection system is well preserved and maintained. Part of Front Street is flooded by sea water occasionally, as previously mentioned. When this occurs, it is practically, impossible to prevent flooding. Prevention of inflow would re- quire installation of watertight manhole covers and vents into manholes. This would require excavation, and street replacement for vents and covers. We recommend that a follow-up sewer system evaluation be undertaken for those sewers which drain to Pumping Station No. 2, to correct inflow. This study should include a complete physical survey, infiltration testing of sections of sewers, and smoke testing in an effort to determine the location of all illegal connections to the collection system. Estimated contract cost of the survey is $13,000. The Village would be responsible for enforcing the removal of all illegal connections under its existing ordinances. It is not anticipated that there will be any need for clean- ing, television inspection or chemical grouting of the collection system. The preventive maintenance program of cleaning and flush- ing the collection system should be given renewed emphasis. The manholes on the sections of Front Street and Third Street, that are subject to flooding, should be made watertight and vented. Estimated cost of correction of inflow in this area is $7,500." As a result of the Infiltration/Inflow analysis a Sewer System Evaluation Study was undertaken to establish locations of the sources of inflow and to confirm the fact that excessive infiltration does not enter the Greenport collection system. In addition, the USEPA grant agreement for Improvements to the Sewage Treatment Plant required the completion of an Evaluation Report of the Sewer System. In January, 1976, a report entitled, "Sewer System Evalua- tion Report", by Holzmacher, HcLendon & ~4urrell, P.C. was issued. The conclusions and recommendations of this report follow. 3-246 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I H2NI CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P.C. "As established by the physical survey performed on Octo- ber 16tl~ and l?th, 1975, we conclude that excessive infiltra- tion does not enter the Village of Greenport collection system. Furthermore, based on treatment plant flow records and smoke testing performed in "key" low-lying areas, we doubt that inflow is a serious problem either. The last fourteen months of treatment plant flow data indicates that the average daily flow with zero precipitation is approximately the same as rainy day conditions. Based on the findings of the physical survey, we recommend the following: (1) The Village should clean those manholes which were flooded and had a sludge built-up; sewers associated with these manholes should also be cleaned. A high velocity cleaning machine and/or a high pressure hose should be used for cleaning purposes. (2) The Village should remove or fill in with suit- able material, all cesspools, wells, etc., which were discover- ed connected to collection system. ($) The Village should replace all broken manhole covers. In addition, in iow-lying areas, manholes should be waterproofed with gasketed and bolt-on covers. (4) The Village should required that all property owners remove roof drains (downspouts) which were discovered connected to the collection system." The I/I and Sewer System Evaluation Survey reports were approved by the USHPA and the NYSDEC as part of the project of secondary additions to the Village Treatment Plant (C-36-621). 3-247 H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENDON and MURRELL, P,C. APPENDIX "A" SOIL MAPS OF STUDY AREA APPENDIX SOILS MAPS TOWN OF SOUTHOLD -INC. VILLAGE OF GREENPORT WASTEWATER FACILITIES STUDY HOLZMACHER, McLENDON & MURRELL,RC.~/H2M CORP. MEI. VILI. I.N.Y. CONSULTING ENGINEERS, PLANNERS and ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTISTS SUFFOLK COUNTY NEW YORK B A Y - -- SHEET NUMBER 3O S 0 U T H 0 Bc H .R A E SUFFOLK COUNTY, Tm PlA NEW YORK -- SHEET NUMBER 29 PlA PIB N HaA HaA CuB East Point I il I '1 RhB o "4 Truman Beach SUI-FOLK G ,4 COUNTY, R D NEW YORK -- SHEET NUMBER 3 0 R I E N T H A R B O R 1 N E R S U PlO HaA HaA Fd HaA 'tm HaA · ~ HaA PI8 SUFFOLK H~ COUNTY, HaB H; B NEW yo~K -- SHEET Po~d SHE NUMBER HaB L T E RdB Tm HaA $ .-'~ol Point Che(~uit Point DERING !!, A I~ II o I~ 5UPP(JLK GL)UN I Y, h' Cornelius 0 Little Cedar Island 5Hkk I NUr~tsk h' b A :~ B 0 ~l~gt Beach HaA Duck Pond PmB HaA HaA HaA SUFFOLK COUNTY, $ 0 U M~ NEW YORK -- SHEET NUMBER 8 L A N -N D HaA HaA RdB. HaA H,aB HaA PIB HaA HaA ~ PlA HaB HaA UaA Tm¸ HaA HaA HaA Ho~ Nec~ HaA R~ L I T T L E HaA SUFFOLK P E COUNTY, Bay C 0 N NEW YORK -- SHEET NUMBER 9 ! C B A Y Point (Joins sheel 5) I® N SUFFOLK COUNTY, NEW YORK -- SHEET NUMBER 16 (Joins sheet 29) CpC RdA MfB RdB RdB CuB HaB HaA I I '1 S 0 (Joins sheet U T H Point 0 L SUFFOLK L I T T L E D COUNTY, B NEW / / YORK A\ y \ I / / / -- SHEET NUMBER ]8 P £ C 0 N I S 0 U T H APPENDIX Clam I I I I I I I I I I I I SUPi-OLK COUNTY, NEW YORK -- SHEET NUMBER ]7 HaA HaA Cutc~gu~ HaA RdA HaB HaA HaA HaA /Marsh Point L / ~T~/~E HaA RdA RhB M ar ratooka Point G R E A T Kimogener Point P E C 0 N I H2M CORP. HOLZMACHER, McLENOON and MURRELL, P.C. APPENDIX "B" INC. VILLAGE OF GREENPORT SANITARY COLLECTION SYSTEM MAP .LOCATION MA~ ~ ~,M/'~,,: ~ ,.. %, , , , /',~:-,,.,.. ::~ ..~. ~ : ,. .., . ,~<) ,. .. ,, ,, .,., .' :x,., ..:,.,, , :, ., , .., , ,,,,, .~,, . , ~~.,.,, ~, ... ,,. ........ .,.. .. ,,..,. _ .... .... ,.. , ..... . ,. ....~.. . , .. ~ ~~~ .~:'. , . .. _ , ....... _. ~.~ .., . _., . . , .... . ',:~,~, ~,~ '7/,~ ~ I,":" , - , , - , - · , .... ~ , ~:'._ , .... . ........, .... .... ..,. ,. ,.. .... ...~ .~ .. . . . .. ..... . . ....... ,. ~. ~ ~,.~ . , ............... ... . .. ,......_. . .. , I . . ... . . . . . .... ' . - - . ,.,~,,~,~,,, ,~,~=~ ~ mU~L~,.._~U. "' ' VILLAGE PLAN' OF VI,''LLAGE,t. S'EWERA, IG' '~ r SYSTEM,, ...... ' CONSULTING ENGiNEER~' ': .~ ' ' MELVILLE II