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HomeMy WebLinkAboutCounty of Suffolk-parcel w/s of south harbor rd Ip132 Pt352 SUFFOLK COUNTY BARGAIN AND SALE DEED J '.'j:.)3G {~-', ~\~\I. ~. ",..'0,. / ,,\ " "AND TOWN OF SOUTHOLD, 53095 Main Road, Southold, New York ,!t/'~ !ill97l, party of the second part, ';.<,;! I'po'~(.i(a i: ~~~~~;l l~es~~~~~E~~~b~~ai1~~:1~85t~d~~t~~eb~i~h~ ~~f~~l~uC~~~~~ to <l;,~",,,, ILegis 1ature on November 12, 1985 and thereafter, aPl?roved by the ---------- ilCounty Executive on November 23, 198~, in considerat~on of ten DISTRICT i~ollars and other valuable consideration paid by the party of the 1000 Ilsecond part, does hereby grant and release unto the party of the ---------- i~econd part, the heirs or successors and assigns of the party of SECTION I~he second part forever, 075.00 I: ---------- ALL that certain plot, piece or parcel of land with any BLOCK buildings and improvements thereon erected, situate~ lying and 03.00 being in the Town of Southold, County of Suffolk ana State of ---------- New York and acquired by Tax Deed on February 16 1982, from LOT Jean H. tuthill, the County Treasurer of Suffolk County, New 014.000 York~ and recorded on February 16, 1982, in Liber 9143, Page 44 ---------- on 4~, and otherwise known as and by Town of Southold. Sch Dist. 5 N-M Hammond E-S Harbor La S-G J Wells W-W J Smith, THIS INDENTURE, made the ::<7n,/cIayof 4,1'.lsl- ,1986 . : BETWEEN the COUNTY OF SUFFOLK, a municil?al corporation ,of the State of New York, having its princ~pal office at the i:Suffolk County Center, Center Drive, Riverhead, New York 11901, Iparty of the first part, I ~. '''\ " '\ 'Ii TOGETHER with all right, title and interest, if any, of the 'rarty of the first part of, in and to any streets and roads iabutting the above-aescribed premises to the center lines thereof; " TO~l1HER with the appurtenances and all the estate and Tights of the party of the first part in and to said premises; " I "'~ !par~M~~~e~~~~~~r~~e th~e~~l~~ g;r~~~c~~~g~~d a~t~s ~~~ns ! \ ',the party of the second part forever. \ : ",!: SUBJECT to all covenants, restrictions and easements of record, if any. : AND the party of the first part, in compliance with Section 13 of the Lien Law, hereby covenants that the party of the first 'part will receive the consideration for this conveyance and will inold the right to receive such cons ide "..WUlust fund to be i1pplied first for the purpose of payi 'eo f _the i~mprovement and will apply the same f ~~ ~t of the :cost of the improvement before using any e total of the '~ame for any other purpose. THE WORD "PARTY" shall be construed as if it read "parties" whenever the sense of this indenture so requires. of 'In Presence Of: IN WITNESS WRElEOF, the party of the first part has duly executed this deed the day and year first above written. COUNTY OF SUFFOLK, NEW YORK BY''w~~ ~r Department of Real Estate ~,f' ~. l- t ,- ~, f;~ 6i~ '7836 .. Rr;.CEIVl:O '1""'7 $.....a:..........~._ 1 ' REAL ESTATE i r't 25 1988 l' TRANSFER TAX SUFFOLK " COUNTY '" . 101$Pt353 I' " -.'''' , " -,,,,,.,, ~ : .. '., ..-.. ",' ;" Ii !! !i IISTATE OF NEW YORK, CO . OF SUFFOLK !Ion the c?c2~ay of 1986, before me personally came i~obert E. Sgroi to me kno n, who, being by me duly sworn, did iidepose and say that he resides at No. 51 Elm Street, Sayville, NY ::11782; that he is the Commissioner of the Department of Real '[Estate of the County of Suffolk, New York, the municipal 'icorporation described in and which executed the foregoing ,[instrument; that he knows the seal of said corporation; that the llseal affixed to said instrument is such corporate seal; that it was ,Iso affixed by Resolution of the Suffolk County Legislature and that :~e signed his name thereto by like order being Resolution 1123- ;i1985 thereof. I! @~~ ~ otly Pu ~c I , I , ..LdI~"" 1it=~rn~1 ,BARGAIN AND SALE I)EED . Without Covenant ; :! SUFFOLK COUNTY TO TOWN OF SOUTHOLD RECORD AND RETURN TO: Judith T. Terry, Town Clerk Town of Southord, Town Hall 53095 Main Road Southold, New York 11971 t" ; I 2067 L- V) I c .,., on r ..... c: ", --; <-Yt --; " .u ;u ~ - ,-- -- "'-~ .-- C, :l!' .~ >- r',_'- 0 7 '.,'-1 -- '" ',":J - " - N r~; -- -,-', - Q Z I' --", - ,,-- '. . ~~-: >- I. , ,'-; .L ---~ . JUDITH 1. TERRY TOWN CU~RI( REGISTRAR OF VITAL STATISTICS Honorable Juliette Kinsella Suffolk County Clerk Suffolk County Center Riverhead, New York 11901 Dear Mrs. Kinsella: ,. . Town Hall, 53095 Main Road P.O. Box 728 Southold, New York 11971 TELEPHONE (516) 765-1801 Transmitted herewith for recording in your office is a Suffolk County Bargain and Sale Deed to the Town of Southold. Also en- closed is a check in the amount of $14.00 to cover the recording fee. j ...~~~'- -----.-- -_._--~ ,~ " .. > :t 0 D. 5 a:a:x ::J 0 I- :a:!!!5 >", .a: -,wu. ~~o Z '" z <C ~ a: l- LL " .. j I 1 ~ ~ cfNOI?J1!..CPO/{l( BANK ....TRUST Ca SOUTHOLO, L. I., N. Y. 11911 PAY TO THE ORDER OF / ..L~~-<CA. . -" OFFICE OF THE TOWN CLERK TOWN OF SOUTHOLD September 10, 1986 Very truly yours, .,-/~' #c/~0~;Y- Judith T. Terry Southold Town Clerk , /) L?u-~ 4....>". /c' / {!&.-c.F.... --;~"---~~;-~-~~~~J---~~-~:~:~--L_iL ' FOR S", /"/';<<.6'<--., rr<:l -,';C. 1:0 2l. 1,07 'H 21: lI'O:l I,"':l 2BB 7 .11' 11'00 I, 5 7011' 4570 50-791/214 _.19 J'C 1$ /;/ ~, /"'0 DOLLARS' I '~ ,. .",,_._...--,~... GENERAL FUND WHOLE,TOWN , . -- .- - -' . . . - , , , I :...; i ',t - ':: 'l. 3. ..~:e -..- :~':,:~.',;,,"~;,~d .l~-j. :~;:~-;:~~:;;;C~ /-3"::':.:,:::-; C? G,:...~?..:':.~.:::,,___.!..:. ;:-:!-2., ??C'?:::?::' -:7_~~.'::::::. .;.':.:~:S :-..:..-X ST.!.T':: 0: ~~::....' YO?,-~ ) ) ss: CO'.J:.l'Y 0: SUFFOLK ) -\"---.. .:.;.....:..11 Tax I'lap 1\'0_ /CCCJ-t:) 7.S-: CJtJ- tJ.s.CtJ- C'/~C~ I, i&"h/ il;oLe7r -'~....~"...-., -1"---1. - ~-. -t--p .....<::....J'-~J LIH:,,-. ~L<.l Ld_ Tax L2-...~. , being duly 5'.'0,,,. deposes 2::10 52:)'S u~,der pe:1elry of -A'~"";;j~ of ~~. of 'Real Estate Title Gcve, ,~:e"t2:1 E:lti ty t..-,e (t:-"nsferee) (tr2:ls:eror) of'the re2:1 pro?e~~y listed belD'~; th~t it is true to the. k"c~ledge of the affi2:nt that the g2:i" c" e2:ch such tr2:nsfer is exe=pt fre", the T2:x c~ Gains Derived Fro", Certain Real ?rc?erty Transfers i~posed by Article 31-" - , - T. , . h' - :, : ~ 1 or t"e "ax u?",' oy reasoL) tnat eac, suc" L,a:1s.e:- "-s a. tra"s.e:- 0,- l:'ea Pl:'operty the CO:1side,ation for ;.;hich is less tha" five hu;odred thous.ond dOllars alOd "'hich is' neit~er (A) uursuant to a coocerative or co;odo~lniu", claD, nor (3) a nartial or " . " successive tra~sfer pursuant to a p1a~ to effectuate by )Oarti2:1 or successl'/e tr2:usfe a ~ra:1szer '..hieh \..'ou1d Other<:ise be included in the eove:-age of ;.rtiele 31-3 of the County of Sut Na=e(s) of Grantor Acd~ess of ?roDert~ Consideration Zor Tr2TIsfcr or ~~ount of Ozfer 1. COUNTY OF SUFFOLK ivj:r0 Sdift7f &.f'B,q" R~ h'//,f.y. ' rol7' 5/& /11/,1/;; R~ .7,:J?/~L4 41. Y ~~,5-';/. 7~ 2. 3. ... 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.' ~uffolk County Dept. of Real Estate Goverr~ental Entity /I pi f4' ./- ,,/ By P!f;ftr{,. / ~.'" (Tit,f1!)Agen , Dept.o~. Hea~ ;tate _ /J ~. Subscribed a:1d s','orn betore De tnls ,.:;If dzy or _!it -.::- , I, . 19,&. r"O~y~L ?'~~'~ ft' " J r.:\ u3"LLC' COL:l\IT 0: SUFFOLK 57.!..7:: 0: ~~E:'...' "iO?J( 1IDrAIY'=::::" ,art ~ ~ Ha. 4782491 rn&pN MftIt,30. 1951 7:-:E:se S:c:e::e:-I'.:s 2:-e :-;-.2 ce '~.: r:. L :-1 e J:;;o'~'l €: C f-= .....;:;.. ~ ~i21~~!!y false :E?:eSE~:2r:c~ is ~~~2~:~~ 2~: :s r~~is~2ble 2S ~he "c .. c~:~e of ~~:j~:y ~~~e~ A::ic}e ::0 of t~e ?e~21 ~2"". ~s c~~:~a~:~ ~~St ~e fi!e~ ~::;~~:~. ::a~s~e::e~ is lcca;ec. '~':': :-: ;::-.2: :ecc:c:.:-.; ~ ~ . '. c:::.ce: c: :::E c:',.;;-:.:v "'::-Ie:e.::, ::;€ ! A FaA CO}JNTY USE ONL Y 1. SWIS Code -'--...J .~c . ,4 i , . .j. '" .' , ~ , ~ ."",,,,,' J STATE OF NEW YORK 5T A TE BOARD OF EQUAl1ZA liON AND ASSESSMENT REAL PROPERTY TRANSFER REPORT . / / 2. Date Deed Recorded 3. Book '------l 4 Page EA-5217 Rev. 2/85 c~~~~~~ 5 9 2 9 2 7 4 ; B IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION Town of Southold City or Town Southold Village 1 Property Location Street Number west side of South Harbor Road Street Name 11971 Zip Code 2 Buyer Name Town of Southold Last Name First Name 3 Buyer Address 53095 Main Road, Southold, New York 11971 Buyer Address 4. Buyer's Attorney I Robert W. Tasker Name (516) 477-1400 Telephone Number S, Seiter Name County of Suffolk Last Name [2[] Same as Buyer Address D Same as Property Location First Name o Other (Specify Below) 6. Tax Billing Address 108 ft. X 209 ft. Street Name and Number City or Town State Zip Code 7. Deed Property Size lor I Acres Dimensions B.School I District Name I Southo d I C ASSESSMENT INFORMATION (Data should be taken from the latest final assessment roll) 1. Enter the year of the assessment roll from which t.8...i6.J the information was taken 2. Check the box indicating the number of parcels which sold [X] One Parcel D More Than One Parcel {Specify)1 o (lnly Part of a Parcel 3. Enter the total assessed value (of at! parcels in the sale) $800.00 4. Enter the tax map identifier of the parcel. (If more than one. tist on a separate sheet) 075.00 Section 03.00 014.000 Block Lot 5. Enter the roit identifier if different from tax map identifier. I D PROPERTY USE INFORMA.TION 1. Check the box in the Property Use Table which most accurately describes the use of the property at the time of sale. 2. Is the sale of a condominium or a cooperative? o Yes [Xl No PROPERTY USE TABLE R Agricultural 6 ~ Community Service 2 ~ 1.2.3 Family Residential 4A ~ Comme,ci" 7 Industrial 3A Residential Vacant Land 48 Apartment 8 PubliC Service 3B Non-Residential Vacant Land 5 Entertainment/Amusement 9 Forest ! E SALE INFORMATION 1. Date of Sale I 8 / 22 / 86 5. IS this an arm's length sale? lKJ Yes D No 2. State the Full Sales Price. $ o 6. Check all of the conditions below that apply to thiS sale A B C U F X A T G Land Contract Sale (Specify Contract Date) / / (Full Sales Price IS the total amount paid for the property. including personal property. This payment may be in the form of cash, other property or goods. or the assumption of mortgages or other obligations.) Sale Between Relatives Sale Between Related Companies or Partners In BUSiness 3. Was there personal property in e)(cess 0 IVl of $500 inCluded in this sale? Yes ~ No Sale Contract executed more than one year prior to the Date 01 Sale 4 If yes. indicate the value of the personal $ property Included in the sale Buyer or Seller is a Government Agency or a Lendmg Institution Deed Type is not Warranty or Bargain and Sale (Specify Deed Type) I Interest conveyed is not a fee (Specify Interest) Other unusual factors affecting sale price (Specify) I F CERTIFICATION Signature ~~'~:~ne ,(516 ) 765-1800 of Southold Date I 9/3/86 I certify that all the items of information entered on this transfer form are true and correct (to the best of my knowledge and belief) and I understand that the making of any willful false statement of material fact herein will subject me to the provisions of the penal law relative to the making and filing of false instruments Name (Print or Type) REAL PROPERTY TRANSFER REPORT-EA-5217 FILING INSTRUCTIONS 1. Before completing this form, read the detailed instructions on the reverse side, 2, A deed may not be accepted for recording unless this form is legible and complete, All entries must be typed or clearly printed in black ballpoint pen, Please press hard, Four copies are being made. 3, This form must be completed by the buyer or the seller or an agent with personal knowledge of the transaction, .' COUNTY OF SUFFOLK PETER F. COHALAN SUFFOLK COUNTY EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT OF REAL ESTATE ROBERT E. SGROI COMMISSIONER April 11, 1986 Francis J. Murphy, Town ot Southold 53095 Main Rd. Southo1d, New York Supervisor Re: Tax Map TOWN OF 11971 No. 1000-075.00-03.00-014.000 SOUTHOLD Dear Mr. Murphy: We are pleased to enclose herewith a Bargain & ~ OJ.;) 19!'C, ,and duly executed by Kea s a e, tdereoy transterring title to the together with the Transter Gains Tax Attidavit Equalization torm. For your protection, we suggest that you record this instrument immediately in order to give notice that you are the owner ot record. To record this deed, the Transter Gains Tax Attidavit and State Equalization torm must be submitted together with the deed to the County Clerk's Ottice. Sale Deed, dated the Commissioner ot named owner, and State Very truly yours, p.~ JEM:JAB:ma ~John E. McPartlin Pro2erty Management (516)348-4519 Administrator Enclosure CERTIFIED MAIL/RR P 077 053 282 pc w/Deed: Hon. Jean H. Tuthill, County Treasurer Frank Diamante, Director Real Property Tax Service Agency James Patterson, Insurance Manager Insurance & R1sk Unit Walter l)epkin Department ot Public Works Charles C. Wattsi Assessor Town ot Southo d Accounting Unit Pat Cano pc: AUC/20 10 OVAL DRIVE HAUPPAUGE, NEW YORK 11788 (516) 348-4544 " .' . JUDITH T. TERRY TOWN C'LFR,K REGISTRAR OF VITAL STATISTICS Town Hall, 53095 Main Road P.O. Box 1179 Southold, New York 11971 TELEPHONE (516) 765-1801 " ' OFFICE OF THE TOWN CLERK TOWN OF SOUTHOLD THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE FOLLOWING RESOLUTION WAS ADOPTED BY THE SOUTHOLD TOWN BOARD AT A REGULAR MEETING HELD ON JULY 1, 1986: RESOLVED that the Town Board of the Town of Southold hereby advances $2,521.75 to the Community Development fund, from General Fund Whole Town Budget, for the purchase of a Suffolk County Tax Sale parcel: 1000-075-03-014, located at South Harbor Road, Southold. /7:,d'd-t~ij-- ~udith T. Terry ()' . Southold Town Clerk July 2, 1986 " . -y@ . , . j COUNTY OF SUFFOLK PETER F. COHAL.AN SUFFOLK COUNTY EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT OF REAL ESTATE ROBERT E. SGROI COMMISSIONER Hay 15, 1986 Town of Southold 53095 Main Road Southold, New York 11971 Attention: Mr. McMann Re: 1000-075-03-014 Dear Sir: This is a follow up of our letter to you on February 11, 1986, whereby we advised you that we have approved a resolution authorizing us to transfer the above captioned parcel to the Town of Southold. In my letter to you I quoted the price necessary for this transfer was S2,454.45. Since a period of time has gone by and interest and penalties are accruing, the new amount is $2,521.72 This amount is good up until July 20, 1986. I suggest that you try to culminate this sale as quickly as possible so that the Town is not forced to pay higher interest and penalties. Very truly yours, f. fA- ti~ JL:dr Phyllis M. Haner Auction/Sales Unit (516)348-4533 10 OVAL ORIVE HAUPPAUGE. NEW YORK 11788 15161348_4544 \ . COUNTY OF SUFFOLK PETER F. COHALAN SUFFOLK COUNTY EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT OF REAL ESTATE ROBERT E. SGROI COMM!SSIONER February 11, 1986 Town of Southold 53095 Main Road Southold, New York 11971 j04-<f fttof&1 0/ ~1J/ IIfJ72/;O~ ~tl- '5U' T ft. 1000-075.00-03.00-014.000 ;::;:'fvJ .;2/1 y/ tf(P Attention: Mr. Mcllahon Re: Tax Map No. Dear Mr. McMahon: Please be advised that the Suffolk County Department of Real Estate has a signed and approved resolution for the above mentioned parcel. At this time, we require a check made payanle to the Suffolk County Department of Real Estate in the amount of $2,295.94 plus $158.51 for the 1985/86 tax bill that is now due for a total of $2,454.45. Upon receipt of said check, the County will be able to transfer the property to the Town of Southold. If you have any questions concerning the above matter, please do not hesitate to contact the undersigned. Very truly yours, ~M6~ JAB:ma Joseph A. Besemer Auction/Sales Unit (516)348-4551 10 OVAL DRIVE HAUPPAUGE. NEW YORK I 1788 t~ 1 6) 348-4~44 , . , "tt',~~# . , ~ ... , . JUDITH T. TERRY TOWN CLERK REGISTRAR OF VITAL STATISTICS 11f%' - Cj,'OO IIflt. Town Hall, 53095 Main Ro' P.O. Box 728 Southold. New York 1197 TELEPHONE (516) 765-1801 OFFICE OF THE TOWN CLERK TOWN OF SOUTHOLD THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE FOllOWING RESOLUTION WAS ADOPTED BY THE SOUTHOlD TOWN BOARD AT A REGULAR MEETING HELD ON AUGUST 7, 1985: RESOLVED that the Town Board of the Town of Southold hereby authorizes and directs Supervisor Francis J. Murphy to apply to the Suffolk County Department of Real Estate for the purchase of the following three parcels of property being offered for tax sale, using Community Development Funds, for the development of these properties to benefit the housing needs of low /moderate income residents of the Town of Southold: 1000-075-3-14, South Harbor Road, Southold - $2,100.00 1000-048-2-24, Flint Street, Greenport - $1,000.00 1000-048-2-26, Flint Street, Greenport - $1,000.00 r _/~. / .--/ ~->..,~..o . //" .9:/f:/:I'::-i <../'(-----c;.::'/p/--7-- , )udith T. Terry,' Southold Town Clerk August 9, 1985 ""\ '0'" <> ~ "" <> ~" , ,. ,."..1'" .-> " . . " . ~ ~ e '" " < ' ::! " " . '" ,-- .o^"" ." u ~. . . . ~ . ! . ~'." ~ . " . ~ . - '" . ~ . . .. E ~ e oil.. ~ . ~- '!, '. ~ o. ~ ';. 0:. " 0:. e ~: ~...~ ~ .. . .0 l! ~ i " "-"oJ " " . . ;; . r :::l .0 ~. .: .". inO ',;""~ 80. "io -01--'.1 '!, ~ '. ~ . ~- eEl ~.~" ' " '.r' 1.f1,1~ o.:,~~ J I: I L~~- - . "'JOt ue t i I 71. ---=- I .. ~~ ....- ,. -..- _..-. . .....::-..:~~-..~-' ., " ... --~ :..&..... J::'~""",,~~:!"'~ '-."l ...A'l1J~"",-;Il' _ " ~..._-~ _.....~;~~~:: ~.,... f"r'-_/~"~.',,,,_, -~. . "-.I~ ~__ 11:- ~. yrB ROBERTW.TASKER Town Attorney OFFICE OF TOWN ATTORNEY TOWN OF SOUTH OLD TELEPHONE (516) 477-1400 RECBVED OCT 1 81965 425 MAIN ST. GREENPORT, L.I., NEW YORK 11944 October 15, 1985 T.... CI.... SouthoId Hon. Judith T. Terry Town Clerk Town of Southold Main Road Southold, New York 11971 Dear Judy: As you know, the Town Board is interested in acqUIring three parcels of real property from the Suffolk County Real Property Agency which were acquired by the agency from the County Treasurer pursuant to tax sales. One of the parcels is located on the west side of South Harbor Road at Southold, and is shown on the Suffolk County Tax Map as District 1000, Section 75, Block 3, Lot 75. This parcel was formerly owned by Stanley J. Zurek and Clementine Jane Zurek and was sold for unpaid taxes for the 1977-78 tax year. As I advised the Town Board, the title company will not insure against any claim or liability that may be made by the previous owners on the basis of a United States Supreme Court case Mennonite Board of Missions v. Adams (decided in 1983). This case held that posting and publication of a notice of tax sale did not meet the requirements of the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the U. S. Constitution. The title company also returned in its report of title an outstanding mortgage held by the Commissioner of Social Services of Suffolk County dated June 30, 1975 and recorded in Liber 7392 of mortgages at page 192. The mortgage was given by Clementine Jane Zurek to the Social Services Department of Suffolk County. The mortgage does not indicate thereon the amount of the mortgage. This amount would have to be ascertained by contacting the Social Services Department. In light of the foregoing, the Town Board may well decide not to proceed with the acquisition of this parcel. The other two parcels involve lots on Linnet Street known as lots 79 and 83 on the map of Greenport Driving Park filed as map No. 369. These lots are shown as District 1000, Section 48, Block 2, Lots 24 & 26. With respect to tax map lot 24, this was formerly owned by Pauline E. Thurlow and was sold for taxes in the tax year 1978-79. The County Treasurer conveyed this lot to the Suffolk County Real Property Agency by deed recorded on February 8, 1983. The title company will not insure this title until three years have passed since the date of the recording of the deed from the County Treasurer to the County Real Property Agency, i. e., February 8, 1986. .." . " -2- With respect to Tax Map Lot 26, the County Treasurer conveyed this lot to the Suffolk County Real Property Agency by deed recorded March 2, 1984. The title company will not insure title to this lot until three years have passed since the recording of the County Treasurer's deed, i.e., March 2, 1987. The reason why the title company will not insure the latter two titles for three years is that Section 53 of the Suffolk County Tax Act provides that every conveyance from the County Treasurer shall be presumptive evidence that the sale was regular and that all proceedings prior to the sale were likewise in conformance with the applicable provisions of law. This section further provides that three years after the recording of the County Treasurer's deed such presumption of regularity shall be conclusive. I would ask that you make copies of this letter available to the Town Board members in order that they may be apprised of all of the questions concerning the titles to the properties in question before making a determination of whether or not they wish to proceed, notwithstanding the legal impediments outlined above which may make it impossible for the Town to convey a good and marketable title to the parcels in question. For your information; lamericlosing herewith a copy of the Mennonite' case for the information of the Town Board members. Yours very truly, ~U/.~ ROBERT W. TASKER RWT:aa enc. COUNTY OF SUFFOLK PETER F. COHALAN SUFFOLK COUNTY EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT OF REAL ESTATE ROBERT E. SGROI COMMISSIONER Hon. Francis J. Murphy Supervisor Town of Southold Main Road Southold, N.Y. 11971 August 16, 1985 D rn: (b rn: D~ PUG 2 I /985 TOWN OF SOUTHOLD Re: 1000-075-3-14 - 1000-048-2-24 - 1000-048-2-26 Dear Supervisor Murphy: In response to your letter of August 12, 1985, regarding 3 parcels of land which the town would like to purchase, please be advised that I have forwarded your request to Joseph Besemer who handles 72-h requests for municipalities throughout Suffolk County. I have instructed Mr. Besemer to contact you if he has any questions regarding the resolution that your Town Board adopted on August 7th. Hoping this meets with your approval. V~U1Y yours, MA.y commis~~ RES:bb Orig. Co~ies <-r.~~ ~ 10 OVAL DRIVE HAU~F>"'UGE. NEW YORK 1 1 788 (:5 161 34B-4!544 Ad.. Date File ;:r:-/ u c-- e-C-- . , , . . RECEIVED COPY FOR YOUR mraRMATlON ROBERT W. TASKER Town Attorney TELEPHONE (516) 477.1400 I AUG 2 91S3:) August 28, 1985 Town Clerk Southold Title Guarantee Co. 1100 W. Main Street R iverhead, N ew York 11901 Dear Sir: The Town of Southold is contemplating the acquisition of three parcels of property located in the Town of Southold, which parcels are to be conveyed to the Town from the SuffolkCourity Real Property Agency. All three parcels were acquired by the County of Suffolk through tax deeds. On behalf of the Town of Southold, I wish to order fee policies in the amount of $10,000.00 on. the above mentioned three parcels of land, : which are briefly 'described as follows: 1. A parcel of land located on the west side of South Harbor Road at Southold and shown on the Suffolk County Tax Map as District",. - :'1000, Section 075, Block 3, Lot 111.' 2. A parcel on the south side of Flint Street near the Incorporated Village of Greenport and shown on the Suffolk County Tax Map as District 1000, Section 0118, Block 2, Lot 24. 3. A parcel also on the south side of Flint Street near the Incorporated Village of Greenport and shown on the Suffolk County Tax Map as District 1000, Section 0118, Block 2, Lot 26. If you have any questions with respect to this matter will you please contact me. Yours very truly, ~w~ ROBERT W. TASKER Ry, r;a , ' MENNONITE BOARD OF MISSIONS: Appellant .. Richard C. ADAMS. No. 82-11. Argued March 3D, 1983. Decided June 22, 1983. Purchaser of eroperty at tax sale brollght suit to quiet title. The Superior Court, Elkhart County, Indiana, quieted ti- tle to the purchaser. The mortgagee ap- pealed and the Indiana Court of Appeal., Third District, affirmed, 427 N.E.2d 686. The Supreme Court noted probable jurisdic- tion. The Supreme Court, Justice Marshall, held that: (1) notice by mail or other means 88 certain to insure actual notice is mini- mum constitutional preCOndition to proceed- ing which will advenely affect liberty or property interests of any party, whether unlettered or well venM.d in commercial practice, if its name and address are reason- ably ascertainable; (2) mortgagee's knowl- edge of delinquency in pAyment of tax.. is not equivalent to notice that tax sale is pending; and (8) notice as required under Indiana statute, by posting and publishing announcement of tax aale an~ mAHini' no,. tice to mortga""'hy ....rt.ified mail, did not meet reQuiremenlM of due pl'Oee8l clause of the Fo.urteentb Amen.!lment. , Reversed and remanded. Ju.tice' O'Connor, dissented and filed opinion in which Justice Powell and Ju.tice Rehnquist joined. 1. Constitutional La... -277(2), 285 Under Indiana law, mortgagee possess- e. substantial property interest that is sig. nificantly affected by tax .ale, and .ince he has legally protected property interest, he is constitutionally entitled to notice reason- ably calculated to apprise him of pendin~ tax sale. IC 6-1.1-24-1 et seq., 6-1.1-24-3, 6-1.1-24-4, 6-1.1-24-4.2, 6-1.1-24-6, 6-1.- !'iii' ~.tll,... ~.l'~rj,j I. I , l. ....' J \" " 'I 2.'>-6, 3~ 11-4, 32-8-11-7 (1982 Ed.); U.S.C.A. ConsLAmend. 14. 2. Taxation -615, 658(3), 660 When mortgagee of property which is suhject of pending tax sale is identified in mortgage that is pu bliely 'recorded, con- structive notice by publication must be sup- plemented by notice mailed to mortgagor's last known available address, or by personal service, and unless mortgagee is not reason. ably identifiahle, ~nstructive notice alone does not satisfy rotIstitutional require- ments. IC 6-1.I-z,t-1 et seq., 6-1.1-24--.'l, 6-1.1-24-4, 6-1.1-25--4(d). 6-1.1-25-14, 6- 1.1-25-16, 32-S-.l1-4, 32-8-11-7 (1982 Ed.); U.S.C.A. Const.Amend. 14. 3. Taxation _658(3) County's use of publication and post- ing, or mailed notice to property owner, is not reasonable means of notice, to mortga- gee, of pending tax sale, and personal ser- vice or mailed notice is constitutionally re- quired even though sophisticated creditOrs have means at their disposal to discover whether property taxes have not been paid and whether ta.. sale proceedings are there- fore likely to be initiated. IC 6-1.1-24-4, 6-1.1-25-4(d), 6-1.1-25-14, 6-11-25-16, 32-8-11-4, 32-8-11-7 (1982 Ed.); U.S.G.A. ConstAmend. 14. ' ' 4. Constitutional Law -255(1), 278(1.1) Although particularly extensive efforts to provide notice may often be required when state is aware of an interested party's inexperience or incompetence. party's abili- ty to take steps to safeguard its interests d""s not relieve state of constitutional obli. gation to give notice of proceeding which will advel'3ely affect liberty or property in- terests. IC 6-1.1-24-4, 6-1.1-~(d), 6-1.- 1-25-14, 6-1.1..2S-16, 32-8-11-4, 32-8- 11-7 (1982 Ed.); U.S.C.A. Const.Amend. H. II 5. Constitutional Law -255(1), 27B(lJl) Nolice by rnnil or olher means IUJ' cer- tain to in8ure nctuaJ notten is minimum '4 , ". '!j, lIi""Il1;~.... \-. 1\1),\[11:, Ctt. 11110.1 S.CL 271M (ItU) constitutional precondition to proceeding during this period, the lax sale pun:h""er which will adversely affect liberty or prop- may apply for a deed W the property, but erty intere.ts of any party, whether unlet: . before the deed is executed Jhe county audi- l<>red or well versed in commen:ial practice, tor must notif)' the former owner that he is if its name and address are reasonahly a.,- entitled to redeem the property. If the certainahle. IC &-1./-24--4, &-1./-2.'>--4(d), property is not redecmed within 30 daya, &-1./-2.)..14, &-1./-2.)..16, 32-S--1l--4, 32-S-- the county auditor may then execute a deed 1l~7 (1982 Ed.); V.S.C.A. Const.Amend. 14. to the pun:haser who then acquires an es- late in fee simple, frec and c/ear of all lien. and may bring an acti~n to quiet title: Property On "'hich appellant held a mort- gage Was sold to appel.e for nonpayment of laxes. Appellant w~ hot notified of the pending sale and did not learn of the sale until more than two, years later, by which ! time the redemption period had TUn and the mortgagor still owed appellant money on the mortgage. Appellee then filed suit in slate COurt seeking to quiet title to the property. The court upheld the lax sale slatute against appellant's contention that it had not received constitutionallv aste- quate notice of th.e.~rurrng.ta.\csalJLandryf Its opportunity to redeem the property af- ter the sale. The Indiana Court of Appeals affirmed. , Held: The manner of notice Provided} ! to appellant did not meet the requirements I of the Due Process Clause of the Four- SylJabus' teenth Amendment. PI'. 2709-2712. An Indiana slatute requires the county' (a) Prior to an action that will affeet auditor to post notice in the county court- an interest in life, liherty, or property pro- house of the sale of real .property for non- tected by the Due Process Clau,"" a Slate payment of propefty taxes and to puhlish must provide "notice reasonahly calculated, notiC.f!.once each week for three conse e utive~ under.~" circumstances, to apPriS. e interest- week.. Notice by certified mail must be ed partIes of the pendency of the action and given to the property owner, but at thp afford them an opportunity to present their time in questiOn in this case there was no ohjections." Notice by publication is not provision for notice by mail or personal' reason'!!J.lv calculau,d to inform ~ servlce.to mortgagees of the~v~.The .! parties "'ho can be notified by more effee- purchaser at a tax sale acquires a certifi.r J tivc means such ~__ ~rsonal ,service .QL. cate of sale that constitutes a lien againsl maileQ--'!Qlice. Mullane I'. Central Hano"cr the property for the amount paid and is Bimk & Trust C"., 339 U.S. 306. 314, 70 ;uperior to all prior lien... The lax sale is S.Ct. G52, 657, 94 L.Ed. 865. Pp. 2709- .ollowed by a 2-)'ear period during which 2710. . , Ii he owner or mortgagee may redeem the I (b) Sine.., a mortgagee clearly has a "I, .roperty. If no one redeem. the property Ilegally protected property interest, he is I' ' 1 thp rl"ader. Sf'(' Unitf'd StatrJ v. Detroit Lum. bfot Co. 200 U.s. 321, .1.17, 26 S.Ct. 282, 287. 50 LEd. 499. 6. Taxation "='658(3) Mortgagee'. knowledge of delinquency in pa)""ent of tax", .;. not equivalent to 'lotice that tax sale is pending. IC &-1.1- 24-1 et seq. (1982 Ed.). 7. Constitutional La" -285 Taxation -615 Manner of notice of lax .ale provided mortgagee under Indiana law by po.ting and publishing announcement of lax sale and by mailing notice to mortgagor by cer- tified mail did not meet requirements of due procesa clau.e of Fourteenth Amend_ ment. IC &-1.1-24-1 et seq., &-1.1-24-3. &-1.1-24--4, &-1./ -25-4( d), &-1./ -24--4.2, &- 1.1-24-5, &-1.1-24-9, &-1.1-2.)..1 to &-1./- 2.S--J, &-1./-25-6, &-1.1-2.)..14, &-1.1-2.)..16, 32-S--11-<t, 32-S--11-7 (1982 Ed.); V.S.C.A. Const.Amend. 14. The syllabus com tit utes no PllIrt of the opJnion of tht Court but has been pr('pnr~ by the Reporter of Dt"Clslons for the convenience of I:;/VI If " 'rl I~ I It .I, t.!! 1;.1: I -il~' C'f1litJ.;oto notice ",,,-,onahly calculaWd to apprise him of . pending tax Ra1e. Con-. Rtructive notice to a mortgagee who is iden- tified in the p~hlic record dOCll not satisf)i the due process requirement of Mullane. Neither notice by publication and posting nor mailed notice to the property owner arc means ",ueh as one desirous of actually informing the [mortgagee] might reason. ably adopt to n.cOmpli,h it.." Mullane, suo pra, at '315, 70 S.Ct.., at 657.. Pel'!lOnal set. \ vice or notice by mail is req.uired even i thoug~ sophisti""ted creditors ha"" means \ at their disposal to discover whether proper. ty taxes have not been paid and whether tax sale proceedings are therefore likely to I be initiated. PI'. 2710-2712. Ind.App., 427 N.E.2d 686, reversed and remanded. William J. Cohen, Elkhart, Ind., for ap- pellant. Robert W. Miller, Elkhart, Ind., far appel. lee. MARSHALL, Justice. Thi, appeal raises the question whether notice hy publication and posting provides a mortgagee of real property with adequate notice of a proceeding to sell the mortgaged '"property for nonpayment of taxes.. I ' . I To 'ecure an obligation to pay $14,000, Alfred Jean Moore executed a mortgage in . favor of appellant Mennonite Board of lIlis- sion, (MBIIl) on property in Elkhart, Indi- ana, that lIloore had purchased from IIlEIIl. The mortgage was recorded i~ the Elkhart County Recorder', Office on March I, 1973. Under. the terms of the agreement, Moore 1. Because a mortgag~ has no tille to the mort- gaged property under Indiana law, the mortga~ gef' is not considered an "owner" for purposes of ~ 6-1.1-24--4. FEnt S.''ings & Loan Assn. ofCentraJ lndi~. v. Furnish. 174 Jnd.App. 265. 367 N.E.2d 596. 600. n. 14 (Ind.App.1977). '. lod.Cod. ~ 6-1.1-24.~.2. Idd.d In 1980, pro- . vtdu for notice by certKled mall to any mortfiJ:a- was ",",ponsi!>le for paying all of the proper- ty taxes. Without MBM', knowledge, how- ever, ,he failed to pay taxes on the proper- ty. Indiana law provides for the annual sale of real property on which payments of property taxes have been delinquent for fifteen months or longer. Ind.Code ~ &--1.. 1-24.-1 et seq. Prior to the sale, tbe couoty auditor must post notice in the county courthouse and publish notice once each week for three consecutive week,. ~ &--1.- 1-2oh'l. The owner of thi property is enti. tied to notice hy certified mail to his I,,-,t known address. r &--1.1-24--4.' Until 1980, however, Indiaoa law did not provide for notice by mail 'or personal service to mortgagees of property that was to be sold . for nonpayment of taxes.' AIter the requircd notice is provided, the county treasurer holds a public auction at which the real property is sold to the high. est bidder. ~ &--1.1-24-5. The purchaser acquires a certificate of ,ale which "Oosti. tutes a lien agai nst the real property for the entire amount paid. ~ &--1.1-24-9. Thi, lien is superior to all other liens against the property which existed at the time the certificate was issued. Ibid. The tax sale is followed by a two-year redemption period during which the "own- er, occupant, lienholder, or other penlon who has an interest in" the property may redeem the property. ~ &--1.1-25-1. To redeem the property an individual must pay the county treasurer a sum sufficient to cover the purchase price of the property at the tax sale, the amount of taxes and spe- cial assessments paid by the purchaser fol- IOlVing the sale, plus an additional percent- age specified in the statute. ~~ &-1.1-25- 2, &--1.1-2.'HI. The county in turn remits c ~ !~ a. .'~ j ~ ~. ii. '"' :~I: , I " ~ 'f (~ ,r-Q't ','.it.- ~; I'.; , ., , ;.. ..' .r.:: ~1~, . .,\ I ,J l) . i .~ , '~ ~~~ . J.t ~ . . '1 J:t't" of real property which is subjed to tax sale proceedings, if the mortgagee has annually re-I quested such notice and has agreed to pay a fee. not to exceed $10. to cover the cost i ' sending noUce. Because the f'vents in questio ' in thls case occurred before the J 980 amen 1 ment, the, COI\8UtuUonality of the amendmentl'. not before us. I ~ I ., , 'I -I I MENNONITE BD. OF MISSIONS v, ADAMS Clte-.s 103 S.Cl. 27011 018.1) the payment to lhe purchaser of the proper. In November 1979, Adams filed a suit in ty at the tax .ale. .. state court seek in/( to quiet title to the If no one redeems the property during property. In opp<"ition to Adams' motion the statutory redemption period, the pur. for summary jUrlg-ment, MBM contended chaser may apply to the county auditor for that it had not received constitutionally ad- a deed to the property. Before executing equate notice of the pending tax sale and of and delivering the deed, the county auditor the opportunity to redeem the property fol. must notify the former owner that he is lowing the tax sale. The trial court upheld still ~ntitled to redeem the property. the Indiana tax sale 'statute against this ]} 9 &-p-2.'Hi. No noti!!e to the mortgagee constitutional chall~nge. The Indiana . is required. If the property is not re- Court of Appeals afflrm,ltJ. 427 N.E.2d 686 deemed within thirty days, the county audi- . (1981). We nowd pr~bable jurisdiction, _ tor may then exeeute and deliver a deed for U.S. -, 103 S.CI. 204, 7,4 L.Ed.2d 164 the property. 91>--1.1-2.>--14. 'lhe previous (1982), and we now,reverse. 4, who thereby acquires "an estate in fee simple ahsolute, free and clear of all. liens and encumbrances." 9 1>--1.1-25--4(d). After obtaining a deed, the purchaser may initiate an action to quiet his tille to the property'. 9 6.1.1-2.>--14. The previous owner, lienholders, and others who claim to have an interest in the property may no longer redeem the property. They may de- feat the title conveyed by the tax deed only by proving, inter alia, lhat the property had not been subject to, or assessed for, the. taxes for which it was sold, that the taxes had been paid before the sale, or that the property was properly redeemed before the -deed was executed. 9I>--U-2.>--16. In 1977 Elkhart County initiated proceed- ings to sell Moore's property for nonpa)'- ment of taxes. 'The County' provided notice. a.. required under the statute: it posted and pu'blished an innouncement of the ta... sale Md mailed notice to Moore by c'-rtified mail. MSM was not informed of ; >end- ing tax sale either by lh~ county 8(H.,;or or by Moore. The property was sold for $1,167.75 to appellee Richard Adams on Au- gust 8, 1977. Neither Moore nor MBM ap- peared at the sale or look steps thereafter to redeem the property. FOllowing the sale of her property, Moore continued to make pay'ments each month to MBM, and asa result MSM did not realize that the proper- ty had been BOld. On AUgll.t 16, 1979, M BM first learned of the tax sale., By then the. redemption period had run l.nd Moore .till owed appellant t'l.2:17.19. 270~~ .' ,- II C In Mullane v. Central Hano"er Bank & Trust Co., 339 U.S 306, 314, 70 S.CI. 652, 657, 94 L.Ed. 865 (1950), this Court recog- nized that prior to an action which will affect an interest in life, liberty, or proper- ty protected by the Due ProcessClau'e of the Fourteenth Amendment,.a State must provide "notice rea..qonably caJculated,'under all eircumstanres, to apprise interested par- tie. of the pendency of the action and af- ford them an opportunity to prescnt their objections." Invoking this "elementar)" and . fundamental requirement of due process," ibid, the Coutt held lhat published notire of an action Lo settle the accounts of a com. mon trust fund was not sufficient to inform beneficiaries of the trust whose 'names and addresses were known. The Court ex- plain,"' that.notice by publication was not reason "!y calculated to pro\'ide actual no- tice Ii pending proceeding and was thereL .<H.Jequate to inform those who could hi :;i{ified by more effective m('.3ns such tL.<.; 1Ial senice or mailed notice: ''Chan\, 'dne brings to the attention of e....en a local resident an advertisement in small type inserted in the back pag-es of a', newspaper, and if he makes his home_I outside the area of lhe newspaper's nor.l, mal circulation the odds that the inform~' , lion will never reach him arc larRe in.. dc('l!. The chance of actual riotice is (ur~ ther reducer! when ll.o; h('re the no tire required does not even name those whose .! .i r , r t ~ :j ,~ . '.! f : ' , , ;( '1' : ~ f, ;'1 iM ';~ attention' it is ,uprosed to allract, and docfI not inform acquaintances who mig-hl call it to attention. In weighing its .ulri. cicncy on the ba.~ig or equivalence with actual notice we are unable to regnrd thi. a., m9re than a feint." fri., at 315, 70 S.Ct., at 658.' In subseq'lCnt cases, thi. Court ha., ad. hered unwaiveringly to the principle an. . nouneed in Mullane. In Walker v. City of H"tchinso~, 352 U.S. 112, 77 S.Ct. 200, 1 L.Ed.2d 178 (1956), lor example, the Court held that notice of condemnation proceed. hogs published in a'local newspaper was an inadequate means of informing a landown- . er whose name was known to the city and 3. The decision in Mullane rejected one.of the premises underlying this Court's previous deci- sions concerning the requiremenu of notice In Judicial proceedIngs: that due process rights .. may vary depending on whether actions are in rem or in personam. 339 U.S., at 312, 70 S.Cl, at 656. See Shaffer v. Heitner, 433 U.S. 186. 206. 97 S.Cl 2569. 2580. 53 L.Ed.2d 68J (1977). Traditionally, when a state court bas~ its jur. isdiction upon its authority over the defend- ant's perSOn, persona.! service was considered essential for the court' to bind indJviduals who did not submit to its jurisdiction. See, ~.g.. Hamilton v. Brown. 161 U.S. 256. 275, 16 S.Cl 585, 592, 40 L.Ed. 691 (! 896); Arndt v. Griggs, 134 U.S. 316. 320, 10 S.Ct. 557, 558, 33 LEd. 918 (1890): Penn oyer v. Neff. 95 U.S. 714, 726, 733-73.4, 24 L.Ed. 565 (1878) ("Due process of Taw Would requiTe appearance or personal ser. vice. btfore the defendant could be personally boUnd by any Judgrtlent rendered."). In Hess v. Pawloski. 274 U.S. 352, 47 S.Ct. 632,71 L.Ed. 1091'(927), the Court reco~jzed for the first time that service by registered mail, in place of personal service, may satisfy the requirements of due process. Constructive notice was never deemed sufficient to bind an individual in an action in ~rsonam. tn contrast, In in rem or qalasi in rem pro- ceedings In which jurisdiction was based on the court's power oyer proPerty within its territory, see genera1Jy Shaffer' \f. Heitner, supra, 433 U.S.. at 196--205, 97 S.Ct., at 2575--2580, con. "tructive notice to nonresidents was tradition. :;lly understood to salJsty the requirements of ;ue process. tn order to setUe questions of IUe to property within It I territory,' a state -ourt wu generally rt'qulred to proct~ by an n T't'm action Ilnce the court could not othrr. :15~ bind nonrasldt'nts. At one Ume con!ltruc. Iv" !Iervlc~ WI\S cC'tnsldt'rrd the only menn!! of oUl'ytn. nOnfl"!'Ildt'nlll .Ine(' II WAil b('IIf'\'''d r,at "(P)roctIJ from C16 tribunal. of one StAte Was on Ibe official record.. Similarly, in SchroC'<lcr v. City of New York, 371 U.S. 208, 83 S.Ct. 2;9, 9 L.Ed,2d 255 (1962), the r.<>url concluded Ihat publication in a new... paper and posted nolices were inadequate to appri.e a property owner. of condemna. lion proceedings when hi. name and address wa..., readily ascertainable Irom holh deed records and tax rolls. Most reoenUy, in Greene v, Lind.ey, 456 U.S. 444, 102 S.Ct. 1874, 72 L.Ed.2d 249 (19~2), we held that posting a summons on the ~I~r of a tenant's apartment was an inadequata U1eans of pro- viding notice of 'forcible enlry and detainer acLions, See also Memphi.. Light, Gas & Water Di,'. I'. Craft, 436 U,s, I, 13-15, 98 J cannot run Into another State." Pennoyer ". Neff. supra, at 727. See Ballard l'. Hunter. 204 U.S. 241, 255, 27 S.Ct. 261, 266, 51 LEd. 461 (J 907). As a result, the nonresident aCQuit~d the dut)' "to take measures that in some way he shall be, represented ......hen his property Is caUed into requisition." Id., at 262, 27 S.Ct., at 269. If he "faiJ[td] to get notice by the ordi, nary publications which have been usually re.- quired in sucb cases, it {was] h.ls misfortune." /bid, I Rarel)' was a corresponding duty imposed on interested parties who resided within the State and whose idenUtie-s were reasonably 8,!:- 'cert.a.inable. Even in actions in rem, such indi- viduals Were genera1/y provided personal ser. vice. See, e.g., Arndt v. Gn'ggs, supra, 134' U.S" at 326-327. 10 S.CI., at 560--561. Whe,. the identity of Inter.ested residents couJd not be ascertained after a reasonably diligent inquiry, however, their interests in property couJd be affected by a proceeding in rem as Jong as constructive notice was pro\ided. See Hamil- ton v. Brol'7J, supra, 16J U.S., at 275, 16 S.Ct" at 592; Amen'can Land Co. v. Zeiss, 219 U.S. 47, 61~2, 6$-l;6. 31 5.0. 200, 206-207, 55 . 'L.Ed. 82 (1911). Be-ginning \\;th Mullane, this Court has Fee- ognized. contrary to the earlier line of cases, "that an adverse judgment in rem directly af- fects the property o\',")')er by divesting him of his rights in the property before the court." Shaffer v. Heilner, SUpra, 433 U.S., at 206, 97 S.Ct.. at 2580. In rejecting the traditional justi- fication for distingUishing between reSidents' and nonresidents and ,between in rem and in pt'r$on'm "ctlons. the Court has not left all Interested claimants to the vQRnrtes of inditect nollee. Our cales have required (he State to mnke tffort.l 10 prOvide actUAl notice to all lntef'('~tf'd pnrtJe!l complullble 10 the effortl thllt Wl'r,. 1'tt'\'lu\l~I)' f"f'fJlllrf'd only In In pt'non, .macUon.. Sef'/nh'If,llt171"_271!', . . . ~ ,I .' :) , I I III I' / '-~'0"'J" "J '. .........."....."', ClI.. a, IOJ s.ci. 2706 (J!IU) S.'CC 15!j.1~ J.)62-1563, 56 L.Ld.2d 3" (1978); S,'mp.<on, 55 U.S. 52, 67, 14 L.F..d. 322 OR-52). 'Eisen v.' G.1rlisle & Jacquelin, 417 U.S. 156: Whcn the mort~a~ee i. identificr! in a mort_ 174-175, 94 S.Ct. 2140, 2150--2151, 40 gage that is publicly recorder!, COnatroctive L.Ed.2rl 732 (1974); Bank of M.rin I'. Eng_ notice by publication must be Supplemented I.nd, 385 U,S. 99, 102, 87 S.Cl. 274, 276, 17 hy notice mailer! lo the mortgogee's last L.Ed.2d 197 (1966); Co"eJ' v, Somers, 351 known available .ddreas, or by persona' ser- U.S, 141, 14(;-.147, 76 S.Ct. 724, .727, 100 vice, But unJ""s the mortgagee i. not rea- L.Ed. 1021 (1956); City of New York v. sonably identifiable, Mnstroctiv. notice New Yo; <, NH. & H.R. Co., 344 U.S. 293, alone does not Batisfy the mandate of Mu/. 296-297, 73 S.Ct. 299, 301, 97 L.Ed. 333 lane.' (1953) \ . [l,2J This case is contrgJler! by the anal_ . ysis io Mullane. To begin with, a mortga_ gee possesses a substantial property interest that is Significantly affected by a laX'sale. Under Indiana law, a mortgagee acquires a lien on the owner's property which may be .conveyed logether with the mortgagor's personal obligation lo repay the debt se- Cured by the mortgage. Ind. Code ~ 32-8- 11-7. A mortgagee's security interest gen- erally has priority OVer subsequent claims or liens attaching, lo the property, and a purchase money mortgage lakOll precedence over virtually all other claims or liens in- ~Iuding those which antedate the execution of the mortgage. Ind. Code ~ 32-8-11--4. rhe tax salc immediately and drastically liminishes the value of this security inter_ 'st by granting the lax.sale purchascr a en with priority OVer that of all other cedi tors. Ultimately, the tax sale may re- dt "in the complete nullification of the ortgagec's interest, since the Purchaser <juires title fr~ of all liens and other cumbrances at the conclWlion of the re- mption period. .. ;ince a mortgagee clearly has a legally tecled property interest, he is entitled to ice reason.bly calculated lo apprise him a pendiog tax sale. Cf. Viis wall v. n thJ.s case. the mortgage on file With the _'nly recorder identified the mortgagee only "MENNONITE BOARD Of' MISSIONS . POratlon, of Wayne County. in the State of 0." We assume that the mortgagee's ad- ~s could have be-en aSCertained by reason. ' dlllRent {"(forts. See MIII/"l)~ v. ern'r,,! Ol'tor Dllnk .. 1ru.f( Co., 3JD U.S. JOfl, 317, "C1. ~52, 658 r'~9, 114 t,Ed. B6.~ (19['0). fly mtllJlII~ " It'ttrr to "Mt'lInonJle nnArd of Ion!, Wayne County,' Ohio," quite likely [:HiJ Neither notic.. hj .publication and POsting, nor mailed notice to the Property owner, are means lfsuch as one desirous of actually informing the [mortgag.,e] might reasonahly adopt to aCcomplish iV' Mul- lane, ,'upra, 339 U.S., at 3]5., 70 S.Ct.. at 657. Because they are de.,igned primarily lo attract prospective purch"'ers lo the tax sale, publication and POsting are unlikely lo reach those who, although they have an interest in the property. do not make apeeial efforts lo keep abreast of such notices. Walker Y. Cily of Hutchinson, supra, 352 U.S., at lI6, 77 S.Ct., at 202; New York v. New York, N.H. &. H.R. Co.. supro, 344 U.S., at 296, 73 S.Ct., at 301; . Mullane, supra, 339 U.S., at 315, 70 S.Ct., at 657. Notice to the property owner, who is not in Privity with his crediwr and who hllS failed lo lake steps rlec""Mry lo />rOllerve his OWn property interest, also cannot be expected lo lead to actuaJ notice to the mortgagee. Cf. Nelson v. New York eil)', 352 U.S. 103, ]07-]09, 77 S.Ct. 195, ]97-]99, I L.F..d.2d ]71 (1956). The County's U!le of these I"ss reliahle forms of notice is not rt;asonablc where, a..'i here, "an inexpensive and e[fi~ cient mechanism such as mail senicc is available." Greene ''''. Lindsey, supra, 456 U,S., at 455, 102 S.Ct., at 1881. would have prOvided actual notice. given "the Well. known skill of postal officIals and employ. ees in ma.lting proper delivery of letters deff.'c. livelyaddressed'." Grannis v. Ordean, 234 U.S. 3B5. 397~19B, J4 S.CL 779. 784, 58 t.Ed. 136J (914), We do not .';Uf:Rt','l:t, however, (hAt . govrrnlllf'lllnl hOrly l~ rf'qulrt'd (0 llIuJ,.rta!te f')Ctrnordlllllry "(forl~ 10 l!1!i('~vt'r the ldf'ntlly nlltf whrrrllhtlllls of It rnllt1~nRf'e WOO.4ft Jdl"nU_ ty b not In thl" public rt'Cordt , I' I i' <-Hi - ~ ~ I ,::- [ 1(- pJ= ~- , ,= :, .I~ 'I,~I =--- ~( ,--- .'~-~ ./ ,:-- , - t- ~;~, - ~"- ;tl;.. '11_ ,:I;'i=-- '~~.'.'I.~ 'I' - "- !:I~- ;!,I',il_ fl- " :'{ ~--== ,1,._ -~"-=- ili~ 1.l1~: : - 'J~ 'il_ Jil, ....&:;- lll,~-: ht~_ ~I!f:.~ ) . Pennn..' '''''rvice or mailed notice is ""_ . quiretl even though sophistic.'led creditors have mE'-Rn~ at their disposal to discover whether property t.'Xes ha Ve not been paid and whether tax sale Proc~dings are there- fore likely to be initialed. In the (irst place, a mortgage need not iovolve a com- plex commercial transaction among know. ledgea',le partie~, and it may well be the le~t sophisLicaled creditor whose security inu,rest i. thrcau,ned by a tax sale. More impo"'..nlly, a party'. ability to lake .teps to ",,[eguard its intereat. does not relieve the Slate of iIB constitutional obligation. It is true that particularly extensive ef(orta to provide notice may. often be required when the Slate is aware 6( a party'. inexperience or incompetence. See, e.g., Memphis Ligh~ Gas & Water Div. v. Craf~ supra, 436 U.S., at 13-15, 98 S.Ct., at 1563-1564; Covey v. Somers, supra. . But it does not follow that the Stau, may forego eVen the relatively mode.ql administrative burden of providing notice by mail to parties who are particular_ ly resourcefuL' Cf. New York v. New York, N.H. & H.R. Co., supra, 344 U.S., at 297, 73 S.Ct., at 301. Notice by mail or j other mean.q as certain to ensure actuai notice is a minimum constitutional precon-. dition to a Proceeding which will adversely affect the liberty or property interests of JJ!!X party,' whether unlettered or well versed in co"7rnercial Practice, if .iLcI Harne 'fmd address lire reasonably ascertainable. !Furthermore, a mortgagee's knowledge of d~linquency in the payment of taxes is not equivalent to Qotice that a tax sale io pend- . . ing. .The latter "was the information which the [('-ounty) w~ constitutionally obliged to give personally to the appellant_an ;,bliga- tipn which the mailing of a single letu,r would have discharged." &hroeder v. City of New l"ork, supra, 371 U.S., at 214, &1 S.Ct., at 283. 5. Indeed, notice by maiJ to the mortgagee may ultimately relieve the county of a more sub- stantial administrative burden If the mortgagee arranges for payment of the delinquent taxes prior to the tax sale. I. This apP<'al aJkJ pres<,n(s the question wheth. ~r. tK-fol'1" thr county auditor r'Xccul('!I .l1d dr'. 1I\'rrl . det'd 10 the I"".sale purChuf'r. !hl" (7) We the"'(ore ""nclude that the man- ner of notice provided to appellaot did not meet the requirements o( the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment' Armmi~g-I}', the jUdgment of the Iodiana Court of Appeals is reversed and the cause is remanded for (urther proceedings not jnconsi~tent with this .ppinio.n. It is so on/ered. Justice O'CONNOR, with whom Justice POWELL and Justrce: iEHNQUIST join, dis..'it'nting. Today, the GOur;! departs significantly from il" prior decision~ and holds that be- fore the State conducts any prOC.eeding that will affect the legally protect.d property interc.,Ls of any party, th. State must pm- vid. notice to that party by m.ans certain to ensure actual notice as long as the par~ tis identity and location are "reasonably ascertainable." Ante, at 2712. Applying this novel and unjustified principle to the pres.nt case, the ("JUrt decides that the mortgagee involved deserv.d more than the notice by publication and posting- that wer. provided. I dissent because the C-ourt's a~ proach is unwarranted beth as a general rule and ~ the rule of this ca."". I In Mullane v. Cen/nll li.1nover Trust C"., 339 U.s. 306, 314, 70 Sel 652, 657, 94 L.&1. 86.1 1l950), the Court established that "ra]n elementary ann funriafi]cntaJ requirement of due' process in any proceeding y.'hich is to be accorded finality is notice reasonably calculat.ed under all circumstanres, to ap- prise interested parties of the pendency of the action and afford them an opportunity mortgagee is constitutionally entitled to notice of its right to rede-em the propf'rt}'. Cf. Gntr0 v, Griffin. 327 U,S. 220. 229, 66 S.O. 556. 560- 56/.90 LEd. 6.15 (1946). BecA'use we con. cludf' that the failure to ~jve adequat,. nOlin' of the lax sale proceeding. dl'prived appf'Il.1nt bf due proces!; of law. we nepd nol r("ach thl9 qU('!'lUon. /" MENNONITE BI). OF MISsioNS v. ADAlIIS Cite as 10J S.CL 271)8 (I!lS3) .() pre."cnt their objcction~." We cmpha- ized that notice is constitutionally ade- uMe when "the practicalitie.l;\ and pcculiar- ics o( the ca.<K! ... arc reasonahly met," I., at 314-315, 70 S.Ct.. at 657. See 01.0 I'a/ker v. City of /iuu,hinson, 352 U.s. 112, 15, 77 S.Ct. 2QO, 202, 1 L.Ed.2d 178 (1956);. 'chrocder v., City of Nell' York, 371 U.S. J8, 211-21~, 83 SCt. 279, 281-282, 9 . Ed.2d 255 (1962); Greene v. Lindsey, 456 .S. 444, 449--450, 102 S.Ct. 1874, 1877- 37b, 72 L.Ed.2d 249 (1982). The key focus the Ilrea.<;;onahlencss" of the means chosen ; the Stat<>. Mullane, supr~, 339 U.S.. at ;5, 70 S.Ct., at 657. Whether a particular ethod of notice i. reasonable depend. on ,e ouu:ome of the balance between the nterest of the Stale" and "the individual terest sought to be protected by the Four- enth Amendment." Id., at 314, 70 S.Ct., 657. Of course, "[i]t is' not our reo onsibilily to pre<cribe the form of service at the [State] should adopt." eene, supra, 456 U.S., at 455, n. 9, 102 ;t., at 1880, n. 9. It is the primary reo Jnsibility of the State to strike this bal- ce, and we will upset this process only ,en the State strikes the balance in an alienal manner. "ro7n Mullane on, the Court has ada. .nUy refused to commit "itself to any mula achieving a balance between these eres18 in a particular proceeding or de- ' mining when constructive notice may be lizcd' or what test it must mee\." 339 ;. at 314, 70 S.C\.. at 657. Indeed. we 'e recognized "the impossioility of set- ': up s rigid formula as to the kind of ice that must t){' given; notice will l'ary h the circumst..'lnces and conditions." Iker, supra. 3,,2 U.S., at 115, 77 S.C\.. at (empha.,i, added). Our approach in' ~c cases ha.~ always reflected the general ,ciple that "[t]he very nature of due .~C5..q negates any concept of inflexible 'cdurcs univc~nlJy applicahle to e\'ery ginnhlc e;luntion:' Cafeteria & Rc.'lt.nll- n Multant' "', Ct'ntrltl Hltno\'C'r Dnnk & Tru~t '.. 339 U.S. 306, 314. 70 S.C,. 652. 657. M ~_d. R65 (HlSO), we held thl'l "(p}ersonal ser- -e hlt~ not In PIll c!r(',~'r:~;!L'\.n(f''5 ht'r-n regarded 2713 rant Workers Union, Loc:.JI 473 ". McElroj', 367 U.S. 886, R95, 81 S.Ct. 174.1, 1748, 6 L.Ed.2d 1230 (1961). See also Mathews v. Eldrirlife, 424 U.S. 319, 3.'14-.135, 96. &Ct. 893, 902--903, 47 L.Ed.2d 18 (1976). . A Although the Court purport.' to apply these settled principles in this case, its deci- sion today is squarely at odds with the balancing approach that we 11'a\'e~evelopl'd. The Court now holds that .'henever a party has a legallJ' protected property interc.,t, "[nJotice by mail'or other means as certain to ensure actual notice is a minimum ('.ansU- tutional precondition to a pro<'eeding which will.adversely affect the liberty or property interests. .. if [th~ party's] name and ad- dress are reasonably ascertainable." Ante, at 2712. Without knowing what state and individual interests will be at stake in fu- ture ca..l;CS, the Court espouses a general principle ostensihl)' applicable whenever any legally proter.ted property interest may be adversely affected. This is a nat rejec- tion of the view that no "formula" can be devised that adequately evaluaw. the con- stitutionality of a procedure created by a State to provide notice in a certain clas.." of <<'Se<. Despite the fact that Mullane iL,elf acccpt.crl that ronslructive notice satisfied the dictates of due process in certain cir- cum;;tancps,1 the Court, citing- ,Mullane, now holds that con5tructive notice can ne~'er suffice whenever there is a legally protect- ed propert)' interest at stake. In seeking to justify this broad rule. the Court holds that althou~h a party's-;nahility to sa(f>Ruard ill:i interc5ts may result in im- posing great.er notice burdl'ns on the StatR, the (act that a party may he more able "to safeguard it.<: intcresLo; docs not relicve the State of its' constitutional obligation." . Ante, at 2712. Apart from i~norin~ the fnei thal it i5 the tot..1lily of circul1lstnnce~ thnt determine.'l the ~uf(jdcnc.v of noUer', . os Indi!>Jwmflbrr to lhc proq'S!'l dllr to rl"sl. dell(!>, and it hilS IlHlTr often been held unneces. sary as lo nonresidents." - , -- . - ,- (~ ~= ~ ~~:. ')"- J,.._ 1il~ !l= i~I;_ ~f~- '~\'- ~,I =----- 1~!~ t~!o-- . '1- \r,!,- ~~ ~1 ib:- ~~~ ":~It;-- ,i>r'.;~ :~ ~ .- ~!~',i~ rf!~- I~~:-=-- I I'~' .... ,f~! 1lII- l'li~ :: fl:II;, (liS. ,;, I ~ J;:- iJ~~ .'J~~ S.;,...- 2714 103 SUPREME COURT. REPORn;R \ 1 ;1 " the Court .lso oeglects to ronaider that the constitutional obligation imposed upon the State may it.self he defined by the party's ability to protect its interest. AJJ recently as last Term, the Court held that the focus of the due Pl'OCl"as inquiry has always heen the effeel of a ~otice procedure on "a par- . ticu lar class ctr CBSCS," Greene; supra, 456 U.S., at 451, 102 S.C\., at 1878 (emphasis added). In fashioning a broad rule for "lhe least sophisticated c"'!litor;' anle, at 2712, the Court ignores the well-settled principle that "procedural due proceas rules are shaped by tbe risk of error inherent in the .truth finding proce... as applied to the gen- erality of CBSes, not the rare exceptions," Mathews \'. Eldridge, supra, 424 U.S., at 344, 96 S.C\., at 907; see also Califano v. Yamasaki, 442 U.S. 682, 696, 99 S.Ct. 2545, 2555, 61 L.Ed.2d 176 (1979). If the mem- he,.. of a particular class generally possess the ab;:ity to safeguard their interests, then this fact must he taken into account when we consider the "totality of circumstances;' as required by Mullane. Indeed, the criteri- on established by Mullane" 'is not the possi- bility.,f conceivable injury but the just and reasonable character of the requirements, having reference to the subject with which the statute deals:" 339 U.S., at 315, 70 S.C\., at 657 (quoting American Land Co. v. 7A'iss, 219 U.S. 47, 67, 31 S.C\. 200, 207, 55 L'Ed' 82' (1911)). - The Court also suggests that its broad rule has really heen the law ever since Mullane. See anle, at 2710, n. 3. The Court reasons that hefore Mullane, the characterization of proceedings 8.3 in per- sonam or in rem was relevant.to determin- ing whether the notice given was constitu- tionally sufficient.' and that once Mullane held that the "power of the State to resort to constructive service" no lODR'er depended upon the "historic antithesis" of in rem and 2. Th~ Court I" ~lml'ly Incornet In u~("rtlll~ thAt h~for~ Mul1nnr. con'ltructlve notlre WIHI ~ Ul.rrly d~('ml"d ,.uffirlrn( tvpn as tn In n'm pro- ceedinr,s wh('~ rf'~ldenIJ. ("If lht" State wrrt' In. volv..d, /J.'1~,-'. -,,'. /'"; '.'-.' ! ~.. TooIitCl, 2t<' !.:~; t, .507-508, 52 L.Ed. 859 (l~8). S-.:ot: lIi,so Note. ,. ~\ ~\ '. in personam proceedings, 339 U.S., at 312- 313, 70 S.Ct.,. at 656, constructive notke became insufficient ... to all proceedings. The plain language of Mullane iselear .that the Court expressly refused to reject con.qtruclive notice 8.3 per ,qe insufficienL See 339 U.S.. at 312--314, 70 S.CL, at 656- 657. Moreover, the Court errS: ir thinking that the only justification for constructive notice is the distinction between types of proceedings. See ante, at 2nO, n. 3. The historical justification for !onslructive no- tice "'as that those with an interest in proJ>- ert)' were under an ohligation to act reason. ably in keeping themselves informed of pm- ceedings that affected that property. See e.g., North Lammie Land Co. v. Hoffman, 268 U.S. 276, 28.'l, 4,5 S.CL 491,494,69 L.Ed. 953 (1925); Ballard I'. Hunter, 204 U.S. 241, 262, 27 S.Cl. 261, 269, 51 L.Ed. 461 (1907). As discussed in Part II of this dissent, infra, Mullane expressly acknowledged, and did not reject, the continued vitality of the notion that properly owner.; had some bur- den to protect their properly. See 339 U.S., at 316, 70 S.C\., at 658. B The Court also holds that .the condition for receiving nolice under it...c; new approach is that the name aod address of the party mus.t be "rea.<;onably ascertainable." In ap"- plying this requirement to the mortgagee in this case, the Court holds that the State must exercise "reasonahly dilig-ent efforts" in determining the addres.."i of the mortgagee, id., at 2711, n. 4, and suggests that the Slatf' i~ required to make some effort "to dkro\'er the identity and the whereabout...., of a morlg-agee whose identity is nol in the public record." Ibid. Again, the Court de- parts from our prior cases. In all of the C3$C!' relicrl on b). the Court in its analysis, the Slale either actually knew the ideotity 'I I I" 1 Thr ConslilutlullAllty of Notler by Puhllcnlion in Tn Snlr I'rncrrdln5il:!'. R~ YAll' 1..J. 1505, 1507 (1!l1S) rOThl5 rult. Il'lt'nnilt'n~ rnnJtr\le- ll\'~ noller) 'wn!!' . rXlt"ndf"c1 to at! in n"m l'ro("f'rdin~s. whether Invol\'lng property o...."ed 0;)' lI{lntesidenls or rt>sidents."). ---.-- ..--~..-..- MENNONITE BD. OF MISSIONS v. ADAMS CIlI' u 103 S.CL 270e (1983) , or incapacity of the party seeking notice. or It cannot be doubted that the State hi... a that identity wa.. "very e3!lily ascertaina- vital interest in the collection of it.. tax ble," Sch/Y)('u't!r, supra, 37.1 U.S., at 212- rcvenue.~ in whatever reasonable ma.nner 213, 83 S.Ct., at 282. See also Mullane, that it chooses: "In authQrizing the pr<>- supra, 3..19 U.S., at 318, 70 S.Ct., at 659; . ceedin~ to ~nforce the payment of the Covey v. Town of Summers, 351 U.S. 141, taxes upon lands sold to a purchaser at tax 146, 76 S.Ct., at 727 (1956); ~ Walker, s~pra, sale, the State is in exerci,e '01 its sovereign 352 U.S., ~t1l6, 77 S.Ct., at 202-203; Eisen power to raise revenue essential to carry on ". Carlisle & Jacquelin, 417 U.S. 156, 175,94 the aHairs of state and tbe due administta- S.Ct. 2140, 2151, 40 L.Ed.2d 732 (1974).' lion of the laws . . .. 'The process of taxa- Under the Court's decision today, it is not tion does not require U", same kind of n<>- clear how far the State must go in provid- tice as is required in a suit at law, or eVen ing for re...onable efforts to ascertain the in proceedin~ for taking private property name and address of an affected party. under the power of eminent domain.''' indeed, despite the fact that the recoroed Leigh v. Creen, 193 U.S. 79, 89, 24 S.Ct. 390, mortgage failed to include the appellant's 392, 48 L.Ed. 623 (1904) (quoting Bell's Cap address, see ante, at 2711, n. 4, the Court Railroad Company v. Pennsyhania. 134 ooncludes that it.. whereabout.. were. "rea- U.S. 232, 239, 10 S.CL 533,535, 33 L.Ed. 8?2 sonably identifiable." rd., at 2711. This (1890)). The state has ~ecided to accomm<>- uncertainty becomes particularly ominous date it.. ,ital inlerest in this respect in the light of the fact that the duty to through the sale of real property on which ascertain identity and location, and to noti- payment.. of property laxes have been de-' fy by mail or other similar means, exists Iinquent for a certain period of time.' :-vhe~ever any legally protected interest is The State has an equally strong interest ImplIcated. in avoiding the burden imposed by the re- quirement ~hat it must exercise "reasona.. ble" efforts to a.'Certain the identity and location of any party with a legally protect- ed inlerest. In the instant case, that bur- den is not limited to mailing notice. Rath- er, the Stale must have someone check the recordq and ascertain with respect to each delinquent taxpayer whether there is a mortgagee. perhaps whether the mortgage ha., I"on paid off, and whether there is a dependable address. Against the,e vital inleresls of the State, we must weigh the interest possessed by the relevant class-in. this case, mortga_ . , II ... , Once the Court effectively reject.. Mul- lane and its progeny by accepting a per se rule against const'1Jctive notice, it applies its rule and holds that the mortgagee in this case must receive personal service or mailed notice because it has a legally protected interest at stake, and because the mortgage was publicly recorded. See ante, at 2711. If the Court had observed it.. prior decisions and engaged in the balancing required by Mullane, it would have reached,the opposite result. ;.,.- \ ;~~ (, ii} / < 1~ ,. r.." '" . ,Uj . f.': /1 F .~, ~ '" ~. ,. , ~: t:~ 'l..~ . 3. In MuJlGne, the Court contrasted those par- ties whose iden~i~y and whereabouts are known or "at hand" with those "whose Interests or whert'l!Ibouts could not wJth due diligence be ascertaIned," 339 U.S" at 318. 317, 70 S.Ct.. at 658, 659, this lanRuaRe rnust be read In the ltR.ht o( the fae_ts of MulllJnl'), tn which the IdpnUty and.locn'lcm of c('!thip ~)l'_','fir::\rI!,<j .....f'rf> BCltJ!,U", l-::,__""_~ Afli/JU.ilt' 1:"'jFc~_ ,..-d ,;,t _',_ "".". !:! learch "under ordimuy st>>ndarc15 of dJJigence" 2715 was required in that case. rd" 339 U.S" at 317, 70 S.Ct.. a' 659. /,1 1,1 4. Thf' Court Juggests that the noUce that It requires "may ultimately reli['\lte the county o( 8 more suhs(llntlaladminlstrnllvt burdt'n if the m0r1R8~('e IlrrAnS('5 for pa)'mf'lnt or the delin- Q11rn( taxes prior to the tax sale." Ante. 8! : -: i 1, II. S The Court nt',::lccts lhe (acl fhat the State is a better judge of how it wanLs to lettJe 1($ lax debts than 15 Utis Court. 271~ lli3 SUPREME COt'!!! REPORTER , y,ee,l . Contrary to the Court', approach loda:I, thi, inlerc..t may not be evaluated ,imp:y by reference to the fact that we have !f'C<1ucntly found com~lructive nolice to l~ inadequate sinre Mullane. Rather, such inlere,t "must be judged in the light of it:, practical application to the affaira of men as they arf~ ordinarily conducted," North Laramie Land Co., supra, 268 U.S., at 283,45 S.Ct., at49~. Chief Justice Marahall wrole long ago that "it is part of common prudence for all those whp have any interest in [property], to guard that inlerest by peraons who are in a siluation to protect it" The Mary, 13 U.S. (9 Crane h) 126, 144,3 L.Ed. 67B (lBI5). We have never rejected this principle, and, indeed, we held in Mullane that "[a] St:ate may indulge" the aasumption that a proper- ty owner "usually arranges means to learn of any dire<:t att:ack upon his possessory or propriel>ary rights." 339 U.S., at 316, 70 ,S.Ct, at 658. When we have found con- structive notice to be inadequate, it has always been where an owner of property is, for all purposes, unable to protect his inter- est because there is no practical way for him to learn of st:ate action that threatens to affect his property interest. In each case, the adverse action WB.! one that was completely unexpected by the owner, and the owner would become aware of the ac- 'tion only by the fortuitous occasion of read- ing "an advertisement iQ small type insert- ed in the back pages of a newspaper .... [that may)' not even name those whose at- tention it is supposed to attract, and does not inform acquaint:ances who mie-ht call it . to attention." Mullane, supra, 339 U.S., at 315, 70 S.Ct., at 65B. In each case, the individuals had no reason to expect that their property interests were being affect- ed. 5.. This is not to say that the rule espoused must cover all ccnC'€"lvable mortgagees in all conceiv- able ('.ircumstances. The nexiblllty or due process Is sufficient to accommodate those atypical members of the class of mortgagee!. . L The Court holr;fs that u. mortf:ARe nC'ed not involve a comf'Ir'l( ("omrnf'rdR.1 tra.m:actlon among know!....>:'(,,!.'. '\"", i. , ,~: (~~" <" ---.~'~ This jg not the CfL~C a.c; far as lax !\alcs and mort,:;agec~ arc con("crned. Unlike condem- nation or nn IIncxpcclc<i accounting, the nssc~gmcnt or t.a,xes occurs with regularity and predictahility, and the st.ale action in this casc cannot reasonahly be characterized as unexpected in any sense. Unlike the par- ties in our other cases, the Mennonite Board had a regular evenl, the assessment of t:ax- 'es, upon which to focus, in its'~ort to protect it., interest. Further, approximate- ly 95% of the mortgage debt nuUit:anding in the United St:ales is held by private institu- tionallendera and federally-suPl>orled agen- cies. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Statistical Abstract of the United St:ales: 1982-1\3,51! (I03d ed.).' It is highl)' unlikely, if likely at all, that a significant number of mortga. gees are unaware of the consequences that ensue when their mortgagors rail to pay t:axes aasesscd on the rllOrtgaged property. Indeed, in' this case, the Board itself re- quired that Moore pay all property t:axes. There is no doubt that the Board could' have safeguarded its interest with a mini- mum amount or effort. The county auc- tions of property commence by st:atute on the second Monday of each year. Ind.Code ~ &-1.1-24-2(5). The county auditor is re- quired to post notice in the county cour~. house at least three weeks before the date of sale. Ind.Code ~ &-1.I--24-3(a). The auditor is also required to publish notice in two different newspapers once each week for three weeks before the gall'. lnd.Code ~ &-1.1-24--3(a); Ind.Code ~ &-1.1-22-4(b). The Board eould have supplemented the protection offered by the St:ale with the additional measures sugg-estcd hy the court below: The Board could have required that Moore provide it with copies of paid tax assessments, or could have required that 2712. This Is certainJ)' Uur; however, that does not change the facl that even if the Board is not a professional money lender. it voluntari. Iy enlt>red into a fairly !ophisticaled transac- Uon with Moor(". As lh(" court below obsf'r\-'ed; "Thr SIBIl! cannol rt'a~on;'lbly be iCxpecled to 8~sume the ri~k of its citizr'lls' business ven- tures." Pel for Cen.. 21, n. 9. 'I ( I . - 1U3 :lUrKr;nU!; GlII!I(T JU;.~{}RTt;R -,::IJ.1) g".,..' 'Contrary to the Court'. a"pronch today; this intel'Cllt may not be evaluated .imply by ",ference to the fact that we have frequently found con:ilructive notice to be inadequate .ince Mullane. Rather, such intere.t "must be judged in the light of its practical application to the affai... of men as they arf~ ordinarily conducted," North Laramie Land Co., supra, 268 U.S., at 283,45 S.Ct., st 49\. ~ Chief Justice Ma",hall wrote long ago that "it is part of common prudence for all those who have any interest in [property], to guard that interest by pernons who are in a situation to protect it" The Mary, 13 U.S. (9 Cranch) 126, 144, 3 L.Ed. 678 (1815). We have never rejected this principle, and, indeed, we held in Mullane that "[a] State may indulge" the assumption that a proper- ty owner "usually arranges mean! to learn of any direct attack upon his possessory or proprietary rights." 339 U.s., at 316, 70 IS,Ct., at 658. When we have found con- structive notice to be inadequate, it h..q always been where an owner of property is, for all purposes, unable to protect his inter- est because there is no practical way for him to learn of state action that threatens to affej;t his property interest: In each case, the advenle action was one that was completely unexpected by the owner, and the owner would become aware of the ac- tion only by the fortuitous occasion of read- ing "an advertisement iQ small type insert- ed in the back pages of a newspaper ... . [that may)' not even name those whose at- tention it is supposed to attract, and does not inform acquaintances who mi(:ht call it , to attention." Mullane, supra, 339 U.S., at 315, 70 S.Ct., at 658. In each case, the individuals had no reason to' expect that their property interests were being affect- ed. 5. This Is not to say lllat the rule espoused must cover aU conceivable mortgagees in all conceiv- able clrcumslances. The flexibility or due process is sufficient to accommodate those atypical members or the. class or mortgagees. ... The Court holds that ". mortgftJ:e n<<'Cd not lnvolve a complex commercial transaction amonp, lmow'ffiv.p~~l!" ~:"lr~Je~ ." Antp, III " ~" j-.,," ~~.' ~'" ~,.~~. This i. not the ca.'e ..q rar as tax .ales and mortl:llgee' arc conrrrnl'<l. Unlike condem- nation or nn unexpected accounting, the a."~c~~mcnt of taxes occurs with regularity anll predictahility, and the st.lte action in this case cannot reasonably be characterized as unexpeeted in any sen... Unlike the par- tics in our other ca.'ie~, the Mennonite Board had a regular event, the assessment of tax- 'eg, upon which to focus, in its- effort to protect its interest. Further, appr'eximat.e- Iy 95% of the mortgage deht outotanding in the United States is held by private institu- tionallende... and federally-suPl>orted agen- cies. U.S. Dert. of Commerce, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1982--83,511 (103d ed.)' It is high!)' unlikely, if likely at all, that a significant number of mortga- gees are unaware of the consequences that ensue when their mort!:ago'" fail to pay taxes assessed on the mortgaged property. I ndeed, in' this cage, the Board itself re- quired that Moore pay all property taxes. There is no doubt that the Board could' have safeguarded its interest with a mini- mum amount of effort.' The county auc- tions of property commence by statute on the second Monday of each year. Ind.Corle ~ 6-1.1-24-2(5). The county auditor is re- quired to post notice in the county court- house at least three weeks before the date of sale. Ind.Oxle ~ &-1.1-24-3(a). The auditor is also required to publish notice in two different newspapers once each week for three weeks before the sale. Ind.Corle ~ 6-1.1-24-3(a): Ind.Corle ~ &-1.1-22-4{b). The Board could have supplemented the protection oHered by the State with the addition a! measures sug/!,ested by the court below: The Board could have required that Moore prodde it with copies of paid tax assessments, or could have required that 2712. This is certainJ).' true; however, that does not change the (act that even if the Board is not a professional money lender, it voluntari- ly entered into II fairly sophislicated lransac. Uon with Moorf'. As the court bE-low observed; "Tht" StAte cannot rea~onnbly bE." ~xpect~ to D~s'une the ri~k of its citizens' business ven- tures." Pel for Cert. 27, n. 9. I' . . NAT. ASS'N OF GREETING CAlin I'Un. v. U.s. I'OST. SER. CUf.!lI03~Cb2717 (19~1 2717 Moore dcpo~it the lax monics in an c~crow account, or could have itself checked the public record. to determine whether the tax assessment had been paid. Pet. for Cert. 27. When a party is unreasonable in railing to protect i,ts interest despite its ability to co so, dut process d"""not require that the State save the party from its own lack of C2re. The balance required by Mullane c:early weigbs in favor of finding that the Indiana ,tatutes satisfied the requirements of due process. Accordingly, I di,sent. w o ~ kOIlUIIBUSlSll1II , NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF GREET. ING CARD PUBLISHERS, Petitioner, v. UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE, et al. . UNITED PARCEL SERVICE OF AMERICA. INC. Petilioner, v. UNITED STATE!? POSTAL SERVICE, .t al. . Nos. 81-1304, 81-1381. Argued Dec. I, 1982. Decidc'{\ June '22, 1983. Petitioners and intervenors sought re- view of order of the Board of Governors of the United State. Po.tal Service which al- lowed, under protest, certain changes in po,tal rates and fees under rate-making provision of Postal Reorgani1.ation AcL The Court of Appeal" Second Cireuit, re- mnnded, 663 F.2d 1186, On. certiorari, the Supreme Court, Justice Blackmun, held that: (1). the Rate Commission reasonably construed the f.,d. "" ('~t.:,h1\~.;hir.g" 1\ two-tier Tatt.'-gl'tL>l~: :<:c".i.:;-,; l.;:"h~.''::' '.'0;.,;:1, ;::.;; OOst..'i that in judgment of the Commission are consequence of providing particular class of service mu,t be horne by that class, and. any co,t for which'sou"," can be identified must be attributed, but the commissioners, in first instance, are to decide which methods provide reasonable a..~uran~ that costs are result of providing one class of service,.and (2) on record, Commi..i"'" has conscientious- . Iy attempled to find causal connections be- tween classes of service 'Y'd all postal co,ts -both operating costs and "overhead" or lIcapacity" costs-where data is sufficient. and Commission is to assign remaining oost..o; reasonably on basis of other eight factors set forth in the Act. Judgment remanding cases affirmed. " I. Federal Courts -457 Because of inconsistencies in holding!> of Second and District of Columbia Circuits, United States Supreme Court granted cer- tiorari. 2. Federal Courts _460 Subsequent decision to modify postal rates at issue did not moot controversy in view of fact that postal rates frequently are in efrect too brieny for Iitigatioo concern- ing them to be completed before they are superseded and, therefore, there WBS more than "reasonable expectation" that petition- ers, who had taken part in most or all of . challenges to prior rate schcdules, would be affected uj' future proceedinbos. 39 U.S. C.A. 99 101 et seq., 3622(b), (bX3). 3. Post Office 01= 15 Although Postal Reorganization Act di- vides rate-making responsibility between two agencies, legislative history demon- strates that rate-making authority was I vested primarily in Postal Rate Commission, r and structure of the Act ,upports this view. I' I: 39 U.S.C.A. 99 101 et seq., 3622(u), 3624, 3625(dX2). . 4. StAtutes _219(6) Postal Sen;ee has final responsihility for guaranlceing that total revenues equal ~O~O tA ~\~ sf'. 2.5~ .."\ --------- -.------ N/OI f JEANEii E GOl-DEN 0' 01 J ;\ \ inti \\ ",t>:> \ .t ,~~ N. 'q Ji'!-n \ Ijj4'~. Q.J'e r:t \ . 209 . 40 /.1'1' l~ 790 ~ o IN,jC <t IC) .... '" o o l'1 ~ '" '" ::< o <!) l- :z o ::< ~ ~ "- 0 - 0 0 0 :z <1 ,<) -' <t 0 "- a> --- 0 Z --- :z sQ f\ . ",'23,566 . ARE A nd\ ~\ 209.38 \ " ..1 '50 yo. 77026 5 ANNA IE:::W::~S~I N/OI f SiEfAN A NO \~ o.fS ~D-1' e. SURVEY OF PROPERTY A T SOUTHOL 0 TOWN OF S OUTHOL 0 SUFFOLK COUNTY . N.Y. 1000 075 03 SCALE /" '" 40' NOV. 3, /986 repared in accordance with the minimum ndards for title surveys as establi.:h-Jd b. e L.I. A. L. S. and approved and adopte~ such use by The New York Slale Land Association. S. L IC NO. 49668 p at'N"IC SURVEYORS ( /6) 765 " 5020 PO BOX 909 MAl N ROA 0 SOUTHOLD ,NY 1/971 a ENGINEERS, PC. 86 - 6?O o CD --l ~ en o C -\ 'X 'X ~ ~ CD o ~ r ~ 14 FTWC 100 Revl,. /77 I ~\jI~"Jjl"J~.\jIjl.\jIj ! ! , j i j i CERTIFICATE OF TITLE First American Title Insurance Company of New York Title No. WMA-607-S-0039 eertifiec to Community Development Director that an examination of title to the premises described in Schedule A has been made in accordance with its usual procedure and agrees to issue its standard form of title insurance policy in favor of the proposed insured, covering premises described in Schedule A, in the amounts hereinafter set forth, insuring the fee and/or mortgage and the marketability thereof, after the closing of the transaction in conformance with procedures approved by the Company excepting (a) all loss or damage by reason of the estates, interests, defects, objections, liens, encumbrances and other matters set forth herein that are not disposed of to the satisfaction of the Company prior to such closing or issuance of the policy (b) any question or objection coming to the attention of the Company before the date of closing, or if there be no closing, before the issuance of said policy. 'Chic eertilicate shall be null and void (1) if the fees therefor are not paid (2) if the prospective insured, his attorney or agent makes any untrue statement with respect to any material fact or suppresses or fails to disclose any material fact or if any untrue answers are given to material inquiries by or on behalf of the Company (3) upon delivery of the policy. Any claim arising by reason of the issuance hereof shall be restricted to the terms and conditions of the standard form of insurance policy. If title, interest or lien to be insured was acquired by the prospective insured prior to delivery hereof, the Company assumes no liability except under its policy when issued. Fred Ackley Executive Vice President PRESIDENT FIRST AMERICAN TITLE INSURANCE COMPANY OF NEW YORK COUNTERSIGNED Water Mill Abstract Corp. dO~~( a.,~ AUTHORIZED SIGNATURE T BY~'~~ (See Over Page for General Ezceptitms from Coverage) , "j IF THE INSURED CONTEMPLATES MAKING IMPROVEMENTS TO THE PROPERTY COSTING MORE THAN TWENTY PER CENTUM OF THE AMOUNT OF INSURANCE TO BE ISSUED HEREUNDER. WE SUGaEST THAT THE AMOUNT OF INSURANCE BE INCREASED TO COVER THE COST THEREOF; OTHERWISE, IN CERTAIN CASES THE INSURED WILL BECOME A CO_INSURER. The following estates, interests, defects, objections to title, liens and encumbrances and other matters are excepted from the coverage of our standard form of policy: 1. Defects and encumbrances arising or becoming a lien after the date of this policy. 2. Consequences of the exercise and enforcement or attempted enforcement of any governmental war or police powers over the premises. 3. Any laws, regulations or ordinances (including, but not limited to zoning, building, and environmental protection) as to the use, occupancy, subdivision or improve- ment of the premises, adopted or imposed by any governmental body, or the effect of any noncompliance with, or any violation thereof. 4. Judgments against the insured or estates, interests, defects, objections, liens or encumbrances created, suffered, assumed or agreed to by or with the privity of the insured. 5. Title to any property beyond the lines of the premises, or title to areas within or rights or easements in any abutting streets, roads, avenues, lanes, ways or water- ways, or the right to maintain therein vaults, tunnels, ramps or any other structure or improvement, unless this certificate specifically provides that such titles, rights, or easements are insured. Notwithstanding any provisions in this paragraph to the contrary, this certificate, unless otherwise excepted, insures the ordinary rights of access and egress belonging to abutting owners. 6. Title to any personal property, whether the same be attached to or used in connec- tion with said premises or otherwise. Our policy will except from coverage any state of facts which an accurate survey might show, unless survey coverage is ordered. When such coverage is ordered, this certificate will set forth the specific survey exceptions which we will include in our policy. When- ever the word "trim" is used in any survey exceptions from coverage, it shall be deemed to include, roof cornice, show window cornice, lintels, sills, window trim, entrance trim, bay window cornices, mouldings, belt courses, water tables, keystones, pilasters, por- tico, balcony all of which project beyond the street line. In certain areas, our policy will except from coverage any state of facts which a per- sonal inspection might disclose unless survey coverage is ordered. In these cases a specific exception will appear in this certificate. Our examination of the title includes a search for any unexpired financing statements which affect fixtures and which have been properly filed and indexed pursuant to the Uniform Commercial Code in the office of the recording officer of the county in which the real property lies. No search has been made for other financing statements because we do not insure title to personal property. We will on request, in connection with the issuance of a title insurance policy, prepare such search for an additional charge. Our liability in connec- tion with such search is limited to $1,000.00. '. fTWC-2 Rev. 5/81 . First American Title lrisunince Company of New York Proposed Insured: Title No. WMA-607-S-0039 Purchaser Effective Date: 10/1/1988 Redated: Mortgagee Amount of Insurance Fee Mortgage $ 5,000.00 $ $ THIS COMPANY CERTIFIES that a good and marketable title to the premises described in Schedule A, subject to the liens, encumbrances and other matters, if any, set forth in this certificate may be conveyed and/ or mortgaged by: TOWN OF SOUTHOLD the source of title being deed from the COUNTY OF SUFFOLK, dated 8/22/1986 recorded 9/25/1986 in Liber 10132 Page 352. Premises described in Schedule "A" are known as: Address: County: Suffolk City: District: 1000 Town: Southold Section: 075 Block: 03 Lot: 014 Pagel " FTWC-21 First American Title lnsura'nce Company of New YOrk SCHEDULE A DESCRIPTION ALL that certain plot, piece or parcel of land with any buildings and improvements thereon erected, situate, lying and being in the Town of Southold County of Suffolk and State of New York, and acquired by Tax Deed on February 16, 1982, from Jean H. Tuthill, the County Treasurer of Suffolk County, New York, and recorded on February 16, 1982, in Liber 9143, Page 44 and 45, and otherwise known as and by Town of Southold, School Dist. 5, N-M Hammond E-S Harbor La, S-G J Wells W-W J Smith. TOGETHER with all right, title and interest, if any, of the party of the first part of, in an to any streets and roads abutting the above-described premises to the center lines thereof. Said property is more-particulatly bounded-and described as follows: BEGINNING at a point on the westerly line of South Harbor Road, 1034.55 feet southerly along said westerly line from the Main Road, said point of beginning being the southeasterly corner of land of Hammond; from said point of beginning; running along said westerly line of South Harbor Road, South 90 35' 00" East, 108.71 feet to a monument and land now or formerly of Elak; thence along said land now or formerly of Elak, South 770 26' 50" West, 209.47 feet to a monument and land of Surozenski; thence along said land of Surozenski, North 90 43' 00" West 116.48 feet to said land of Hammond; thence along said land of Hammond North 790 35' 20" East, 209.40 feet to the point or place of BEGINNING. Page 2 FTWC-4 First American Title Insurance Company of New York Title No. WMA-607-S-0039 SCHEDULE B Hereinafter set forth are additional matters whkh will appear in our policy as exceptions from coverage unless disposed of to our satisfaction prior to the closing or delivery of the policy. DISPOSITION I. Rights of tenants or persons in possession, if any. 2. Taxes, tax liens, tax sales, water rates, sewer rents and assessments set forth herein. 3. Any state of facts which an accurate survey would show. 4. NOTE: Survey must be received and apprQVed prior to closing. 5. Require proof that the part (ty ot' ies) who (is or are) to execute the closing instrument (s) (is or are) the same person(s) as the certified fee owner (s) herein. Title Certified in: TOWN OF SOUTHOLD A duplicate copy of the exceptions is furnished to you with the thought you may wish to transmit same to the attorney for the owner of the property, and thereby facilitate the clearing of the objections prior to closing. Page 3 F'TWC.4A First American Title Insurance Company of New Thrk Title No. SCHEDULE B (Colltilllled) Company Will: Insure covenants and restrictions (if any) have not been violated and no furture violation will result in forfeiture or reversion of title. Insure that they will not interfere with the quite use and enjoyment of the premises. Insure easements affect streets only. Insure street fronting property is maintained by the municpality. Insure ingress and egress from premises to nearest public highway. FTWC-5 cRt-v 9/83) . First American Title Insurance Company of New Thrk Title No. MORTGAGES Mortgagor: Amount: $ NONE OF RECORD Dated: Mortgagee: Recorded: Uber: Record: Page: Reel: This title report does not show all the terms and provisions of the mortgage(s) set forth herein. Interested parties should contact the holder{s} thereof to ascertain the terms, convenants and conditions contained therein, and to determine if there aTe any unrecorded amendments or modifications thereto. Page 4 ..' . . "'ATCH z MATCH 16 17.6A(c) / FOR PARCEL NO. SEE SEC, NO 01 Of U~"yo. "yo. \,. .. y 'Z. \~\ A~ A. I I 273Alc) " \. A~~\ \) 'l-'l-. ~'l.~S'\ Of ,-,GVo. 'l.O..~~",'l. \<;J.~f) /DOU 07)" D3 ~ D/~ " , \ \ . . . Title No. ~,jrln:: W~1A6()7S()039 The unpaid taxes, water rates. 2ssessments and other matters relating to taxes which are liens at the date of this certificate are set forth below. Our policy does not insure against such items which have not become a lien up to the date of the policy or installments due after the date of the policy. Neither our tax search nor our policy covers any part of streets on which the premises to be in- sured abut. If the tax lots above mentioned cover more or less than the premises under ex- amination, this fact will be noted herein. In such cases, the interested parties should take the necessary steps to make the tax map conform to the description to be insured. A'5s' d to: TOI~N OF SOUTHOLD SOUTH HARBOR LANE DIST. : SECT. : BLOCK: LOT(s) 1.000 075.00 03.00 014.000 Disposition: TOl-.Jrl of Southold SOl.1thold Schoo.) [list.: 5 N ;< GOLDEN E X S HAf~BOR S X J l,jELLS J.l X J 8M ITH ACREAGE .50 1987/88 TOWN AND SCHOOL TAXES: EXEMPT. WITHOUT EXEMPTION TAX WOULD BE: $284.37 PRIOR TOWN AND SCHOOL TAXES PAID. PREMISES ARE IN A MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT. PREMISES NOT IN AN INCORPORATED VILLAGE. NOTHING FURTHER FOUND 11/3/88 SUBJECT TO CONTINUATION LA LAND $ TOTAL$ EXEMPT $800 800 BOC TYPE MISC Recent payments of any open items returned on this tax search may not yet be reflected on the public records. Therefore please request the seller or borrower fO have the receipted bif!s available at the closing. . . '. FTWC-'7 . , . First American Title Insurance Company of New York CLOSING INFORMATION Closed By Date Closed Title No. Closed at the Office of Parties Present: Interest in Transaction: Address: Premises: CREDIT TO BUYER AS OF SEITLEMENT CREDIT TO SELLER AS OF Paid on Signing Contract: Purchase Price Int. from to @ % I st Mortgage held by Int. from @ % m. d. Water Rates --~'--'---- - Address Taxes -. Rent from to 2nd Mortgage held by Insurance lot. from @ % m. d. Address ----- P.M. Bond & Mtge. to - Rent from to Adjustment for Fuel - Total Credit to Seller ----._--.- Total Credit to Buyer Taxes Balance Paid Assessments Water Rates Additional Charges to Purchaser Total Credit to Buyer Title Fee - Additional Charges to Seller: Dca wing Papers Drawing Papers Recording Fees Recording Fees Mortgage Tax ConveyancinJ~~ecording Tax__ Conveyancing or Recording Tax - _---1 II REPORT OF CLOSING (Cont'd) 2. Kind of instrument By To or With Dated Recorded L._p. Consideration or amount $ 3. Kind of instrument By Stamps affixed $ To or With Dated Recorded L.-p. Consideration or amount $ 4. Kind of instrument By Stamps affixed $ To or With Dated Record L._p. Consideration or amount $ . " " '\", ~. : , '.F;TWC-ll First American Title Insurance Company of New York . " Title No. REPORT OF CLOSING By whom closed Date Closed Transaction closed at office of The persons present were: Name Address Interest The identity of the persons executing the papers delivered on closing was established by the following evidence: (Fee) - To Title policy is to be sent Address Check Box if Mtge. Policy delivered on closing D (Mtge.) - To Address The following instruments were executed and delivered: CLOSER: (a) Always PRINT Name of Insured fully and I. Kind of instrument completely and write ali other names iegibly. (b) Where there are two persons, indicate whether husband or wife. By (c) If first names are unusual indicate whether male or female. Abstract fully terms of payment of any mort- gage delivered on closing. Show addresses of all grantees and individual mortgagees. Recitals in instrument, and other pertinent information or instructions must be noted here. To or With Dated Recorded L. _po Consideration or amount $ (See Over)