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HomeMy WebLinkAboutComprehensive Water Resources PlanSUFFOLK COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PLAN SUMMARY I::lvirke and BarCilu==i =onmul~ing engln~erm and MALCOLM PIRNIE INC. COUNTY OF SUFFOLK MICHAEL A. LOGRANOE FROM COUNTY KX~CO'rz~g MICHAEL A. Lo~RANDE The wise use and protection of our sole-sourns groundwater resource is of vital concern to mm, as ic should be co every resident of Suffolk Coun- ty. Over the last decade, governmental prosram~ on the county and level have been directed toward a goal of ensuring an adequate and safe water supply for present and future generations. Huch more, however, needs to be accomplished. The concepts of water supply management have changed a great deal in the seventeen years, since Suffolk County completed its last comprehensive water study. We are now aware of an urgent need to protect our groundwater resource from toxic and hazardous chemicals that are used by various sec- tors of our society, and to provide our present population with potable water "at the tap." The Suffolk County Comprehensive Water Resources Hana~emant Plan -- Just completed in January 1987 -- defines a strate87 for achievin~ these and other water resource management objectives. The plan was prepared by the Suffolk County Department of Health Services aud its consulting engin- eers, ~rlth input from a technical steering committee, a citizens advisory committee, and local government. Resource protection objectives can be achieved through tightened refulation, supported by an improved technical understanding; participation by an educated public viii also he required. And although Suffolk has more than a sufficient quantity of water to neet its future needs, the desir- ability of conserving water has been reco~nized. Protection and conserva- tion programs, however, must be supplemented rich efforts to deal with existing water quality and water supply problems. Active involvement by the county through the Capital Reserve Fund is recommended to provide potable water to residents whose private wells have become contaminated. The extension of public water mains is considered the best solution, though in soma areas rural water supply (home treatment unit) programe may have to be established. The fund should be expanded to facilitate the installation of ~ter treatment at impacted public supply veils, the provision of emergency water supplies during service interrup- tions, and the provision of interim water supplies {e.g., bottled water) where extensions of public water are delayed. I trust that you share my concerns on this vital issue, and will take the time to review the attached plan sowAryo The recommendations outline the programs needed to achieve a clean and adequate water supply; I will be proposing ~any of them for adoption in 1987 and 1988. With your support, we can move fot~ard with plan implementation, and accomplish the tasks that are essential for a secure and prosperous future. PURPOSE The Comprehensive Water Resources Management Plan defines a strategy for ensuring au adequate and safe water supply for Suffolk County resident8 through the planning period 2020 and beyond. The goal is to --intein water supply 8elf- sufficiencywithin the various Eeo- graphic regions of the county, with a a£Lnimum of inter-regional water transmission. The plan ~as pre- pared by the Suffolk County Depart- meet of Health Services (SCDHS) and its consulting engineers, with in- put from a technical steering com- mittee, a citizens advisory coenit- tee, and local government. STUDY ,u~, The plan covers all of Suffolk County, which has a' land area of approximately 885 square miles (566,500 acres) and contains ten towns, 29 villages, and 73 school districts. The county is also div- ided into eight Hydrogeologic Zones based on groundwater flow patterns and existing water quality, and several special water management areas that require more localized planning considerations (Figure 1). In addition, recent SCDHS reports on the ~ater resources of the North Fork and South Fork are companion documents to the comprehensive plan report. Suffolk County has experienced significant residential, commer- · cial, and industrial development since the mid-1960s, and is expec- ted to continue developing at a moderate rate over the next 40 years, particularly on the East End. Residential acreage has creased almost 60 percent, and is projected to increase by another 30 percent by the year 2020; most of :his development will take place in Brookhaven and the five eastern towns. The projec:ed 2020 residen- tial total of 190,000 acres will represent about one-third of Suf- folk'8 total land area. FIGURE I h'YD~0GEOLOGIC ZONES AND SPECIAL HANACENENT A~AS -1- Commercial and industrial act*ewe Bore than doubled since the u~d- 1960s. Comercia], acreage is pro- jetted to iucrease by an additional 22 percent by the year 2020, vhile industrial acreage ~ll increase by 50 percent, bringieg the conbined area si the two [and use categories to 32,600 acres (or 6 percent of Suffolk's total land area). cultural acreage declined 64,~00 acres in the ~td-l~Os 52,600 acres in 19~1, ~d is pert:ed to lose an additional 16,300 acres (312) by the ),ear 2020. About 231,000 acres -- or two- fifths of Suffolk's total land area N ~ill re~atu uudev~loped through the year 2020, including 107,000 acres of recreational and open space lands (such as parklands, nature preesrvee, golf courses, end ce~eteries), and 124,000 acres of vacant land. FOF~L~O~ Suffolk's population nearly doub- led between 1960 and 1980, and is expected to increase another 20 percent through the year 2020 (Fig- ute 2). Population ~rmeth during the period 1960-1980 occurred pri- marily in the five western towns, and brought the 1980 year-round populatiou to al~st 1.28 a~tllimt; the year-round polmlati~n is au~- eaatad in ~r by over 170,000 110,0OO reside o~ the Sou~h Fork. The pro}acted 2020 populs~lou of 1.5~ uilliou represents about 85 percent of the ultimtCe s&~urstion population (given present zonln~ patterns and pro3ected household sizes), Aboue one-third o~ the prolected 260,000 population in- creese will occur in the four west- ern tou~s, sca-third in Broo~heveo, and one-third on the hat End. 2SO ' -2- uEGUT.,A~ZONS AND FEO~RA~ There are numerous federal, state, and local regulations 'and pFograms related to groundwater and water supply management. At the federal level, these include the Safe Drinking Water Act and Super- fund. New York State programs are administered by the State Health Department and the Department of Environmental Conservation. Suf- folk County Department of Health Services programs are conducted pursuant to State Public HenlthLaw and the Suffolk County Sanitary Code, which includes provisions covering water supply (Article realty subdtviotons (Article 6), water pollution (Article 7), and hazardous materials storage (Arti- cle 12). FRESH SURFACII ~ATERRESOUR~S The consumptive use of ground- water reduces water table eleva- tions, which in turn lo.ers lake levels and reduces strea=flows. Such changes may alter surface water quality and adversely impact the ecolosy of freshwater wetlands and fisheries; they can also affect the use of parks and recreational areas adjacent to freshwater sys- tems. Modelling studies conducted for the plan indicate possible water table and streamflo~ reduc- tions of 50 percent along the Nas- sau-Suffolk border as a result of severing in both counties, and new well fields in Nassau (see Ground- water Resources, belom). Recommen- dations to address this problem are included in the plan. G~OUND~ATERF~SOU~CES Suffolk's groundwater reservoir is divided into three main aquifers -- the upper glacial, Hagothy, and Lloyd (Figure 3). The volume water stored within the aquifer system is on the order of 70 tril- lion gallons, or about 200 times the volume of water (precipitation) recharged each year (at an average rate of 1.12 ~d/sq mile). The flow of groundwater through the Position of interface esci~aced. FXGURE 3 H~DROGEOLOGIC CROSS SECTION: EATONS NECK/BAY SHONE -3- system is geaere&ly doumuard in central hydro~eolofic zones (~, XX, XX~, and V) and ZaCoraX (wtch shoreXtm d~sehrge) tn c~ ~utn- ~ng zo~s (see F~res I and 3). The ~a~e o~ gF~water s~ -- on ~he order of 1-2 ~ee~ per day in ~he upper glacial aqui- fer, ~d ~e88 In the ~per aqui- f~rs; ~r~ore, c~lon in- Zr~u~d ~ar ar~ ~Z~ Z~e ~ds of years ~ace of ~e gr~er ~8ervo~ -- teapots zo vafla~L~ ~u re- c~rgu and ~t~ Krm. vaz~o~ are the cenCra~ ~rztou of the c~nCy, where seaso~ a~ ~g-te~ nacur- a~ ~luccuac~ons My ra~e 8evera~ ~eec. ~ng studies ~nd~cate that s~gnif~ut ~cer cab~e de- climes could occur in western folk as a result of severing, and propoeed mldiCion~l pumpm~ in Nas- sau (Figure 4). Impacts in Suffolk viii be particularly severe (up co 50 percent of present elevations in some places) if 28 ~d is shifted to proposed pumping canters at Muc- toato~n and ~tauetto ~ills. ~o~;- ever, s&lt~er e~croechaent along the south shore of Suffolk County is mac expected to occur. DaCe from public and private wells Were used Co up the areal excenc of srouedum~er couCa,MnaCion in Suffolk. geCer quality data were. also collected vich special l~d use eeoc veils installed for Chis study. These data [nd[ca~e C~C h~n ac~iviCie8 ~ve degraded si~i[i~nC portions o~ the shallov FIGURE 4 NOM~.I.ZIIG RK~ULTS ~ YRAR 2020 aquifer. Dense residential devel- opment has contributed nitrate from cesspools and fertilizers, and or- sanic solvents from consumer pro- ducts such as cesspool cleaners. Western Suffolk has seen the great- est impact. Commercial/industrial facilities throughout the county have added organic chemicals from effluents and leaking gasoline storage tanks, while agricultural activities on the East End have introduc~d fertilizer nitrate and pesticides such as aldicarb and carbofuran. Twenty-five glacial supply wells and almost 1,000 private wells have been found to exceed organics guidelines, while four public sup- ply wells and over 2,700 private wells have exceeded pesticide guidelines and have been fitted with carbon filters. Contamination of Magothy supplies has thus far been rare, but is probably inevit- able since natural processes will not attenuate pollution as it moves downward and laterally through the aquifer system. A Groundwater Suitability Classification System was developed as a planning tool to establish remedial action require- ments for new and existing public water supply facilities (Figure 5). ~IISTIE WaR SUPPLIES Approximately 85 percent of Suf- folk's year-round population is served by public water supplies. Of the l.l million people on public water, about 86 percent are served by the Suffolk County Water Author- try -- the largest of 80 community systems, which include 15 municipal water districts and six investor- omted water utilities. The remain- ing 200,000 year-round residents rely on an estimated 66,400 private wells. In addition, about one- quarter of Suffolk's seasonal pop- ulation of 171,000 is served by an estimated 11,400 private wells. Two percent of the population on public water in 1986 was served by "marginal" systems that cannot pro- vide adequate service or respond to emergency situations. The 27 mar- ginal systemS identified by the SCDHS include seven community water supplies serving 11,600 people, and 20 non-community (seasonal-res£den- rial) facilities serving 9,800. WATER USE Groundwater pumpage in Suffolk increased four-fold during the per- iod 1950 to 1980 -- from 46 mgd to almost 208 mgd (see Figure 2). Most current pumpage is for resi= dential use (651), followed by com- mercial/industrial (21%), and agri- culture (71). Glacial wells pro- vide ~7 percent of the water used county-wide, and are the primary source in Brookhaven and points east. In the densely populated western towns, however, Magothy supply wells have replaced most glacial wells. About 40 percent of the water pumped (96 mgd) is expec- ted to be used consumptively; sew- age effluent discharges to marine waters will account for a little less than half (43 mgd). MANAGEMENT OPTIONS Cost-effective water treatment solutions to contamination problems at public supply wells include the following: nitrate (ion exchange), pesticides (granular activated car- bon adsorption), volatile organic chemicals (aeration), a combination of all three (reverse osmosis). Point-of-use treatment using GAC adsorption (for VOCs or pesti- cides), ion exchange (for nitrate), or RO (for nitrate alone or in com- bination with other contaminants) is a solution for small systems and areas served by private wells. Development of new well fields with transfer co existing distribu- tion systems can be a viable alter- native to treatment for nitrate and/or pesticides (but not VOCs). For a I mgd system, transfer dis- tances up to 3-4 ~tiles could be cost-effective for nitrate or pes- ticides alone, and up to 1! miles -5- £~ bo~h con~a-~Lnan~s are present; ~hese d~s~ances vou~i ~ncrease increa~X~ system ~cX~y. co ~er c~c~c or cri~fer) exile for de. AK rich ricer eu~ly problem. InCer~l, ~rc-ce~ 8~ luC~o~ co e~rgen~ proble~ clude che use o[ ~ccled racer, ~ncralized water d~sCri~c~on, and ~he blending o[ e~s~ng ve~l sup- pl~es. ~any 1o~ce~ soluC~ous ~ve l~ced ~ap~l ~c- abil~cy, ln~M~ C~ u~ of fresh eur[a~ waters, Cr~i~ bra~ish nonpocable ~r~l~, ~ applying vari~ re~arge cec~i~es. 0C~r opCious chac are uot nov v~able ~c ~ve a potential lot future use ~nc[ude desa~Cing seawater, reusing vaecevaCer lot potable uses, and ~a~l~n~ or retrofitting Vacer coDeervacion can help co ensure the long-Cer~ adequacy the ~roundv&cer supply ~d prev~ envtro~n~a~ [~c~s due ~o du~d wa~er levels. ~p~al, at,on, ~ ~nce~ ~8C8 loc ~vage CreaC~uC ~ac~l~C~es; o~ers o[ private vel~s could realize cost sav~s. Co~erva~on ~aeures chac cou[d ~ chro~h re~laC~ or ~b[ic educ- tion include reductions ~n curff a~ agrt~lCural irr~gaC~on, ~ncro[ sysc~ lea~e, a~d ~uc~lac~ water saving p~u~tng ~xCuces. cocal ~cer ~e ~ducC~on of ~-10 percent in Suffolk can ~ achieved through ~nservaCion vith ~ nificanc adverse e[fecc on the standard of living. Group.acer resources c~ ~ Cecced by a n~r o[ techniques available co governlenc ac -6- Seund state, county, and local Ievels, including planning, land use reg- ulations (e.g., zoning), public health regulations, land acquisi- tion, and taxation. Land in cri- tical watershed areas ~ay be ac- quired through gift, negotiated purchase, condemnation, and tax lien; government can also protect watersheds by facilitating trans- fers of development rights. GROUNDWATER/WATER SUPPLY PROBLEMS Nine specific problems, which fall into three general categories, are of greatest concern: Groundwater Quality 1. organic chemical contamination (industrial discharges, chemical spills, household chemical usage) 2. pesticide contaminatioe (agri- cultural and residential applica- tions) 3. nitrate contamination (on-lot wastewater disposal, fertilizer applications) 4. chloride contamination (over- pumpage of groundwater, agricul- tural fertilizers, salt storage piles) Groundwater Quantity 5. undesirable changes in water levels (marine discharges of wastewater effluents, excessive groundwater pumpage and trans- mission, poor drainage and storm- water control) 6. reallocating water from areas of surplus to areas of deficit Water Supply Distribution 7. extending public water, partic- ularly to contaminated areas 8. taking over or improving sub- standard water supplies 9. locating future water supplies -7- The plan*s recommendations are divided into two basic categories: those designed to protect the quan- tity and quality of the resource, and chose designed to ensure chat potable water is available to all residents. REJOICE PROI~IO~ The groundwater protection sures recos~a~ed for im~emmnta- tion by Suffolk ~unCy gm~lly involve the ~ of present program In C~ are~ o~ ~blic eduucion, m~htt~ and enforce- MnC, pla~inf, s~d invesCigaci~m: Public Education · Public lnfornation Programs Objective: To foster l~ple~enta- tion of study recomtMations, particularly t_~e_e related to water cou. rv&tion, toxic h~ehold mca dis~eal, ~d n~-afri~l~ ier~ilizer and pes~lcide us. Recommendation: Expand county ~blic i~os~i~ progrm. * Toxic Household ~e Disposal Objective: To facilitate a~ co- ordinate local STOP (Stop Thr~inS OuC Pollut~Cs) pr~ ~c~n~Cion: Provide rich profr~ ~blici~y, /ile the co~s con~iuue co ~ sponsible for prosra~ o~ra- CiO~S. e ~acer Conservation Objective: To reduce vasCa~e of vicar ~d the ~ed ~or Reco~ndaCion: Pr~ ~lunC~ry reductions in water use, par- ticularly ~e related co irrigation, a~ ~ndaCe leak dececCion/re~dia~ion progra~ for public supplier· and ~nacion of decreasin~ block race· for non-residen~ial and mult[-d~e[lin~ (~er ~ered) · County Cooperative Program Objective: To promote environ- mentally safe mthods of ap- plication for agricultural and residential fertilizers and pesticides. Reco~aendations: Expand public information programs of the Cooperative Ex~u~on and Suf- folk Couaty Soil and Water a~tCt~ ~rC ~r Kouitorin~ and ~amL~Lm~ Objective: To i~ es~e~s~nc envtr~al ~i~ at co~rcl~ ~ l~Crtal fa- cilities, parti~larly those locl~ed in deep r~c~se or water supply ~lCive are~, and Co resp~ co ~w, ~e scriulenc USlPA and ~SDOH drinkini water sea.ods aM water supply nrveillance re- quire~ncs. ~eco~endacion: Expand county co~llaqce ~nicorint and water supply surveillance capabil- ities. Che~cal Spill ~st Objective: To e~iCe e~rsency cleanups of c~l spills nd provide con--tim for third parties ~ed as a resul~ of such spills. Reco~ndaCion: ~ecablish a coun- =y conCinsency fund for e~r- ~ency cleanups; authorize the the County ACCo~y Co handle licilacion ~o recover coscs ~ron responsible parcins, and the Co~Cy ~Croller ~o ~- sees Clai~ · He~ F~e~ Protection Object,ye: To a~er~ ~bl~c ~e~e~ s~pp~e~s o~ the potant~a~ ~o~ ~u~e va~eF qua~ problems so ~hac reMdial actions such as aquifer restora=io~ or in- s=al[acions of water ~reaC~n~ equipmen~ can ~ expedi=ed. Reco~endacion: Es=ablish a court- -8- ty program to install an early warning network of monitoring wells. · Industrial Property Transfer Objective: To ensure at the time of sale that industrial and commercial properties have not and will not cause groundwater contamination. · ecommendatlon: ~equire sellers to file with the county a site assessment that demonstrates and certifies that the property is clean, and require cleanup, if necessary, prior to property transfer, Planning · Wastewater Collection Objective: To evaluate the need for additional structural men- critical groundwater resources. Recommendation: Conduct county feasibility studies of waste- water collection and treetment in heavily developed, unsewered commercial and industrial areas of the deep recharge zone; con- duct county or town studies of fast-growing residential areas, and areas previously developed at medium to high densities, be conducted. · Bi-County Water Development Objective: To foster bi-county cooperation in groundwater mat- term of mutual concern, such the proposed Nassau pumping atto Hills that could cause significant water table and streamflow reductions in Suf- folk. Recomendation: Establish e county water development agree- · Flow Augmentation Needs Objective: To mitigate the pacts of the Southwest Sewer Recommendation: Obtain federal and state grants for county to identify the streams to be aug- meuted, design remedial ac- tions, and prepare plans and specifications. Investigations · Pesticides Objective: To establish the need for controls on additional ag- ricultural pesticides, and chemicals applied by home- owners, utilities, and insti- tutions. Recomnendatiou: Conduct county field studies of groundwater impacts, and annual inventories o£ pesticide uae. · Stream Corridor Recharge Objective: To evaluate the need for additional land use and wastewater controls within the watersheds of major streams. Reco~endatlon: Conduct county field studies to better define the relationship between reg- ional groundwater flow and shallow groundwater discharges to the Connetquot, Carmans, and Pecouic ltivers. · Saltwater Interface Objective: To improve regulations on screen placement and pumping rates for shoreline wells. Reco~ndation: Conduct county field studies to examine salt- water interface responses to pumping stresses (saltwater upconing) and natural processes such a8 tidal fluctuations and drought conditions. Federal, State, or Local Actions These actions include continued use of local zoning powers for the protection of deep recharge areas; municipal controls (limitations) on the removal of native vegetation and the percentages of lot areas that may be covered by turf; new federal and/or improved state con- trols on cesspool and drain clean- ers; and, control of pesticides through improved state reporting requirements, liability coverage by mauufacturers, and container depos- its. -9- The water supply distribution recommendations are desi~ned to ensure a supply o~ poCabZe ~aCer all Suffolk residents, including honorers with conta~ed pri- vate wells. These reco~ndatlons have ~en divided into ~ program ele~n~s: · Water ~n gxCe~ton Program Ob]ec~ive: To ex~8~ ~bllc water ~ins co ar~8 ~re grocer q~licy chreaCe~ public Recomndacion: ~uCt~ a~ pand C~ re~ncly county ~ pr~=~ co off- sec parc (20Z) of C~ $31 ~llion total ~sC for ex- tending discribuc~on ~ins co impacted areas; ~llizt the Suffolk County Public Water Works Sys~es ~ ~ee · x=en~ of wa=er qu~Zy pro~ le~; urge =~ ~ a~ ~ver- head Water Dia~ric~ ~o con- st~ct regio~l tra~lssion mins in portions of their vice areas. · Water Supply Objective: To address increased water treat~nt ~ds at public water supply ~11 [i~l~ csssitated ~ ~ U~A steW- ards amd future groundwater pollution problem. Reco~endation: Provide county financial incentives for con- stmction of treat~nt facil- ities by affected water pliers. · Li~cing New Private Supplies Ob~eccive: To pre.nc C~ prolif- eration of su11, ur~i~lly operated private racer supply sysCe~. Reco~ndaCion: ~nd Article i of the Suffolk County Sanitary Code co require thaC ~v ~niCy and non-co~,nity sys- ce~ ~ ~ned and operated by an exisCint community water sopplier, or chac special dis- tricts be formed; encourage fire districts to ~pgrade fire flow requirsuents co prevent installation of undersized E~ergency Public Supply Services Objective: To provide water sup- ply services when e~ergencies (service interruptions) due equipmnt failures, well con- ta~ination, water ~in breaks, or ii~ncial [ailur~ of water · upplierm ~cur. RO~G~C~OG: ~scablish a coun- ty ~nCi~eu~ fund Co fiance Interim Privaue Supply Services Objective: To supply potable ~a~r on an interim ~sis residen~s in conCa~ted areas chat are a~aiuiug the exuenston of ~blic ~ins. · eco~a~ion: Provide c~n~y ffu~lng for short-term ~ures such aa ~21ed ~a~er, ceu~ralis~ dis~ri~i~, porary ~ins, ~ ~inC-of-use ~vices; utiliz~ the S~A or ocher ag~cies ~o provide in- terim s~rvic~s, and require ~hose receiving ~hese services Co reimburs~ C~ county. Rural ~a~er Supply ~sis~auce Objective: To provide potable driving racer ~o conc~ed are~ c~ are hOC accessible Co water Min exCe~i~s. Rec~nda~ion: Provide county financial assis~ance for ~he purchase of 9oin=-of-use ~n= uni=s, ~o ~ dis=ribuced ~hrou~h =o~ wa=er quali~y dis- ~r~inal Maker Co.any Acquisi- =ion and Objective: To e~di=e ~he up- ~radifl~ or =akeover of over ~wo doz~ ~rEinal co~ni~y ~eco~endacion: Develop a county pro,ram =ha= ~acludes priorl=y raflkin~ and schedul- ing, and es=~ma=es of improve- men~ or acquisi~ion costs. -I0- · Well Field Site Acquisition Objective: To reserve potential sites for future public water supply well fields, Recommendation: Give municipal and publically-owned water supplier· the right of first refusal on properties forclosed by the county; initiate a coun- ty feasibility study of provid- ing the SCOA and other suppli- er· acce·s to 8tatss COUnty, and municipel parklands and open space, · Well Abandonment and Replacement Objective: To ensure that home- owner replacement wells are properly designed and located · o as to protect public health, and that abandoned well· are correctly sealed so as to pre- vent surface contamination from being introduced into the un- derlying aquifers. Reco~endation: Expand existing county programs for the re~ula- tion of abandoned and replace- ment wells. SPECIAL HANAG~NT ARI~S The study ~akes reco~nendations for 13 special water ~nage~n~ areas where limited ~reshwater lenses are encountered. The plan also incorporates reco~ndaCions free ~o previo~s county ~acer studies -- North Fork ~a~er Supply Plan (1983) and South Fork Supple- men~al ~acer Resources Study General Reco~endatione Hany of the special management areas are characterized by fresh- water lenses that are isolated from the ~roundwater reservoirs of the main body of the county and the forks. These areas have an ade- quate quantity of water to meet projected overall water demands and consumptive use, although localized water supply problems may still occur due to the proximity of the saltwater interface and/or the presence of groundwater pollution. It is recommended that the well design guidelines presented in the plan be used to set allowable pump- ing rates in relation to aquifer thicknesses. Voluntary conservation measures are recommended to reduce pumping needs and lessen the chances of inducing saltwater upconiug in in- dividual wells; mandatory restric- tions on pumpage and consumptive use, ho~ever, are not needed to protect the overall volumes of the lens resources, It is also recom- mended that water quality condi- tions in coastal areas be carefully monitored, and that municipalities begin planning for public water main extensions or the establish- ment of water quality treatment districts in areas with existing or potential housing densities greater than one dwelling unit per acre. Area-Specific Reco~,endations · Lloyd Neck o continue reliance on private wells · Eatons Neck make additional water hookups in Asharoken · Gilgo-Oak Beach - upgrade systems for year-round service · Fire Island - interconnect exist- ing public systems · Westha~pton Beach - study feasi- bility of extending main to Shinnecock Inlet · Nassau Point - establish a water quality district · Great Hog Neck - begin detailed water supply planning · Orient - establish a water qual- ity treatment district · Plum Island - no specific action required at this time · North Haven begin detailed planning for southern and east- ern portion· (and Bay Point in Southampton Town) · Montauk - develop wells in Hither Woods; extend main to Montauk Beach · Shelter Island - extend existing systems, where feasible · Fishers Island - continue reli- ance on surface supplies / / / -11- orth Fork It is recoumended that the towns of Rlverhead and Southold individ- ually assume responsibility for implementing water supply programs within their boundaries through the establishment of Water Management Programs and Water Supply Districts to utilize individual home treat- ment unite (Water Quality Treatment Districts) and extend public racer systems. Specific ~blic water supply actions recoumadad include the consolidation of mull sysCemm in Wading River/Norchville; ex~en- sion of the Ri~mrhead District Co Calverton and portions of Aqua- bolus; takeover and upgrading of the Captain Kidd Water Company; and, expansion of the Greenport Water District or usin$ the SCWA as a water supplier. lC ls ffurther recouuended that new subdivisions in contaminated area8 be required to connect to existing public racer systems or construct ney public supplies, which would become part of a town district. Recommended ~roundvater protection measures include creased monitoring, resmarch, and education efforts; controls on the sale and use of products that threaten ~roundwater; and, incor- poration of wa~er quality and quan- tity considerations in zo~Lng de- cisions. A regional pipeline sys- tem to carry uncontaminated ground- water from eastern Riverhead is not reco~uaended because of eoono~ic, kinstltutional, and social concerns. South Pork It is race.sanded that Public water be extended, or water quality treatment districts be established, for those areas impacted by trace, organics, and/or pesticides: portions of Napeague, Springs, western Amagansett, North Haven-Bay Point, North Sea, north el and within the Shinnecock Indian Reser- vation, north of the railroad (from southern Tuckahoe east through Scuttlehole to southern Bridgehamp- ton), around Mecox Bay (Wickapogue, Flying Point, Cobb, Water Mill, Hayground, and Mecox), and between Sagaponack Lake and Georgica Pond (Sagaponack and Wainscott). It is further race.ended that the drawdown of contamination into deeper portions of the aquifer be minimized by restricting the loca- tion of large-capacity public sup- ply w~lls to areas free of shallow 8xonudw~ter pollution, and by itin~ the depth and capacity of irrigation ~lls; that uo further water supply woll devolop~nt occur in the area of Noutauk beL~eeen Fort Pond and Lake Honcmuk, since exist- in~ yells already experience eleva- ted chloride coocentratione during peak pumping periods; and, that residential development on lots less Char 1/2 acre in size not be allo~ed anywhere on the South Pork, even ~hen such development involves a ~ranefer of devmlope~ut rights. III. PB~ittl( I~L~i~BTATI~ COSTS Table 1 presents a sus~ary of reco~nded program implementation costs and scheduling. Full imple- mentation will require Re.rye Fund and Capital Budget outlays of al- most $11 million, and Operetiu~ Budget expemiiture$ averafinf al- meSt $1 million annually; a 5-year phase-in of program fumding is therefore recommended. -12- TABLE 1 PLA~ II~LEI~NTATION COSTS AND SCHEDULE USERVE FU~D PRO~RA~S Water Main Extensions Water Supply Treatment Emergency Public Water Interim Private Water Rural Water Supply ~OT~L Costs ($ thousand) 1988 1989 1990 199~1 1992 1,250 1,250 1,250 1,250 1,250 460 460 460 &60 460 250 ................. 250 250 2,&60 1,710 1,?10 1,710 1,710 CAPITAL BUDGET PRD~RAMS Water Supply Acquisition Monitoring & Enforcement Wastewater Planning Public Information Well Pield Protection ~OTAL 250 ....... 600 .................... 200 ....... 150 550 ............................ 750 1,000 Water ~ain Extensions Well Replacement Monitoring & Enforcement Chemical Spill Response Pesticide Investigations Public Information Bi-County Water Agreement Well Site Acquisition Stream InvasCilations Saltwater Investigations Well Field Protection Toxic Household Wastes Water ¢onserva~iou FANS Completion Co. Cooperative Program Ind. Property Transfer TOTAL 55 55 55 55 55 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 250 500 650 850 1 O0 i O0 I O0 1 O0 1 O0 50 50 50 50 50 40 40 40 40 40 30 30 30 30 30 40 125 125 125 125 60 60 60 60 60 30 30 30 30 50 50 50 50 415 830 1,080 1,230 1,430 -13-