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HomeMy WebLinkAboutGI-1 /03101 OOOOZ6 FOR OFFICE USE ONLY BUILDING-STRUCTURE INVENTORY FORM ' UNIQUE SITE NO, DIVISION FOR HISTORIC PRESERVATION QUAD NEW YORK STATE PARKS AND RECREATION SERIES ALBANY,NEW YORK (518074-0479 474-0479 NEG. NO. YOUR NAME: Town of Southold/SPLIA DATE: June 1988 YOUR ADDRESS: Town Hall, Main Rd. TELEPHONE: 516 765 1892 Southold LI NY 11971 ORGANIZATION (if any): Southold Town Community Development Office IDENTIFICATION I. BUILDING NAME(S): Little Gull Island Light House 2. COUNTY: Suffolk TOWN/CITY: Southold VILLAGE: 3. STREET LOCATION: Midway between Plum Island and Fishers Island, in 4. OWNERSHIP: a. public ❑ b. private ❑ "The Race" . S. PRESENT OWNER: U.S. C.G. ADDRESS: 6. USE: Original: light house - Present: light house 7. ACCESSIBILITY TO PUBLIC. Exterior visible from public road: Yes ❑ o Interior accessible: Expla`n vacant an secured DESCRIPTION remote site with difficult access. H. BUILDING a. clapboard ❑ b. stone ID c. brick ❑ d. board and batten ❑ MATERIAL: e. cobblestone ❑ f. shingles ❑ g. stucco ❑ other: 1). STRUCTURAL. a. wood frame with interlocking joints ❑ SYSTEM: b. wood frame with light members ❑ (if known) c. masonry load bearing walls El d. metal (explain) e. other 10. CONDITION: a. excellent ❑ b. good P9 c. fair ❑ d. deteriorated 11. INTEGRITY: a. original site C3 b. moved ❑ if so,when°? c. list major alterations and dates (if known): Automated 1977. 12. PHOTO: U.S. Coast Guard photo 13, MAP: see attachment t. HPI Gf-1 14. THREATS TO BUILDING: a.none known ❑ b.zoning Q c. roads ❑ d. developers ❑ e. deterioration 1] f. other: 15. RELATED OUTBUILDINGS AND PROPERTY: a. barn E: b. carriage house ❑ C. garage ❑ d. privy ❑ e. shed ❑ f. greenhouse ❑ g. shop ❑ h. gardens ❑ i. landscape features: small, rCIC)V islanri j. other: 16. SURROUNDINGS OF THE BUILDING (check more than one if necessary): a,open land ❑ b. woodland ❑ c.scattered buildings ❑ d.densely built-up ❑ e. commercial ❑ f. industrial ❑ g. residential ❑ h.other: "The Race" . a tidal exchange hPfwej-n Long Island and Block Island Sounds. 17. INTI•:RRILATIONSHIP OF BUILDING AND SURROUNDINGS: (Indicate if building or structure is in an historic district) Located on a rounded pier. 18. OTHER NOTABLE FEATURES OF BUILDING AND SITE (including interior Features if known): 91' tall, gray granite, tapered circular light tower. Approximatly 1 acre rock island. SIGNIFICANCE 11). BATE OF INITIAL CONSTRUCTION: 1806, rebuilt �$�Q ARCHITECT: BUILDER: 0. HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL IMPORTANCE: Little Gull Island Light has been nominated to the National Register. It has been historically important as one of the leading aids to navigation in this area, guiding vessels through the treacherous tidal rips of "The Race". The light has an 18 mile range. The light keeper's dwelling, seen in the accompanying view, was built in 1892. It has been destroyed by fire and replaced with a smaller building. 21, SOURCES: R.M. Bayles. Historical Sketches of Suffolk County, 1874, pp. 389-390. Newsday, 5/25T8-6, p. 13. Preservation Notes, SPLIA, Vol. XXI, no. 1, 1985, pp. 6-7. H_ , Light List, Atlantic Coast , Vol. 1, U.S.C.G. , 1983, p. 907. 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A �''3 ,� ,��.� ,�• � r r.�7-�'.rs'��d•'.". ,�-rXr�ra rd��ffty+'y,C.`N'�Cli• f 1 1 1 Little Gull Island Light Douse GI-1 n. li CHAPTER 32 r LITTLE GULL ISLAND LIGHT, THE RACE, between Long Island Sound and Block Island Sound, NY (7806) Light List No.: 18665 Location: Latitude 410 12.4' N Longitude 720 6.5'W Height: 81' (HAW 911) Range: 18 miles, Fixed White, Horn Lens: Second-order Classical, 1000 watt lamp Radio Beacon: 306 kHz, J (. _ _ �) II, 20 miles Rebuilt: 1868 {� Automated: May, 1978 I Little Gull Island Light is a tall, slim gray-granite lighthouse located seven miles northeast of Orient Point, New York. It warns mariners of The Race and the shoals south of it and has a much used radio direction finding station, synchronized for distance finding. Vessels sailing from qie east to Long Island Sound pass it and another unusual lighthouse Race Rock Light.The two lights are 3.3 nautical miles apart off the shores of New London, Connecticut. Its erection in 1806, at a location known as the "Key to Long Island d Sound,"gave mariners hope that shipwrecks in the vicinity would dimin- ish, for year after year vessels attempting to run The Race met with disas- ter. however, the original 50-ft. tower brought no such result,According- ly, the Lighthouse Board decided that an additional light would be needed in these waters and eventually erected a second lighthouse north- east of it on Race Rock in 1878. The deed to the island is dated 1803. Benjamin Jerome received$800 for about 17 acres of land which included Little Gull Island. In 1883, mineraI-oil Iamps were substituted for those burning lard oil. Little Gull Reef, with little depth over it and foul ground, extends 0.3 mile east-northeastward from Little Gull Island. Deep-draft vessels should avoid this locality. Craft passing south of Valiant Rock should hold a course about one mile northeast of Little Gull Island Light. Fish- ing boats frequently ply close to the reefs around Great Gull and Little Gull Islands, Stay away. Many wrecks have occured there, i Description of the Lighthouse and Site Little Gull Island is a rock outcropping about two acres in area. It lies ' between Long Island Sound to the west and Block Island Sound to the it east.The channel between the two Sounds is about 3.5 miles wide and is known as The Race;it is subject to varying and violent currents due to the q 9 confluence of the two bodies of water. For example,the average flood ve- !rV Lights and. Legends I93 Harlan g 1i jn11�87 ` ! Litt1_e Cull. Island bight House r.i--1 Iocity is 2.9 knots and the average ebb velocity 3.5 knots. Velocities can reach 5 knots. There are always rips and swirls in the wakeof all broken ground in The Race, except for about one-half hour at slack water. The rips are exceptionally heavy during heavy weather,and especially when a strong wind opposes the current, or the current sets through against a heavy sea.It was this condition which led to the initial establishment of a lighthouse on Little Gull Island as early as 1806. The granite base for the second(1868)lighthouse is a circular structure about 19 feet in diameter,rising to 12 feet in diameter at the top.The door to the tower faces north and presents a vaguely Italiante appearance with the granite blocks brought forward on either side of it to suggest pilasters. The lintel above the door is a single piece of granite with the date "1868" carved in the center of it.At one time, the tower had a kee er's dwelling �-� attached to it; that dwelling has been replaced by a modern brick build- ing, which holds the generating equipment, and two small fiber glass- walled storage sheds which do not abut the tower. There are four win- dows in the tower, one on the entry level facing south and three others staggered around the tower to light the landings inside. The lantern sur- mounts the watch deck.Twelve-sided in plan, the walls feature three tiers of glazing in cast-iron frames. Sheet-metal covers the ogee-shaped roof which has a ventilator ball at its peak. Inside, the tower is lined with brick. Total wall thickness, including brick and stone,is 5%feet at the base and 2 feet at the parapet.A cast-iron column rises through the center of the tower. The cast-iron stairs which ascend in spiral fashion, hang from the central column.Resting atop the central column is the footing for the cast-iron floor of the watch deck.The lantern retains an old Fresnel lens, probably dating from the early 20th century. Made in Paris. France by the firm of Henry Lepaute, the drum- shaped lens consists of round prisms stacked atop one another in brass retainers. Gone from the site are a boathouse and privy which stood south of the tower and a wharf which extended westward from the island.The site re- tains a measure of historic integrity because of the lighthouse and the base upon which it stands. Although there are some cracks in the tower lining and the interior metal elements, the lighthouse and its base are es- sentially sound. Keepers 1$05-1909 Israel Rodgers, July 1, 1805. Resigned November 18, 1809 Giles Holt. December 6, 1809. Resigned September 16, 1816 John Rodgers 2nd, September 24, 1816. Removed Frederick Chase, March 8, 1826. Resigned August 27, 1836 Horace B. Manwaring, September 5, 1836 William S. Gardiner, May 29, 1849. Removed. Paid $400 year William Ross, March 23, 1855. Paid $400 year James 'Warner, February 1, 1859 194 COD s . ., tv ns m w =4 S i'i ,4i , tt-I h ' i' rt, rue" •' r. �!:` �'t �' t �� G7 i to s� k t Little Gull Island Light, Little Gull Island, NY A- . H i a Little Cull Island Light House Wallace Reeves, April 16, 1861. Removed August 9, 1861 I John H. Conklin& August 9, 1861 William W. Reeves, May 13, 1869 f George S. Tooker, April 24, 1874 Henry P. Fields, May 3, 1875 Henry P. Fields s July 25) 19September 18, 1875. Resigned George H. Adam Peter M. Peterson, September 1, 1906 William I Murray, December 19, 1909 Assistant Keepers 1854 - 1857 Shubael Bogue, October 10, 1854. Resigned. Paid $300 year James Wilcox, April 21, 1855. Resigned. Paid $300 year Shubael Bogue, October 24, 1855. Removed. Paid $300 year James Warner, February 1, 1857. Paid $300 year Elisha G. Beebe, March 3, 1857. Paid $300 year . Historical Significance of the Light The second light on Little Gull Island illustrates a distinctive episode in the development Of united States lighthouse design. It was among the t Last masonry lighthouses built on the East Coast in the 19th century, By the time of its construction in 1868, lighthouse building had been influ- enced by a trend towards stylization and a growing use of new materials such as cast-iron. Little Gull Island Light is thus an example of light- house technology in transition during the 1860s. The lighthouse also has significance within the maritime history of the eastern Long Island Sound region. While the present lighthouse repre- sents a period of increased shipping to and from the ports of New York City and the towns along the Connecticut coastline, its location was im- portant to the more local sea-going interests as far back as 1806,when the first lighthouse was erected on Little Gull Island. Fishing and coastal trade ranked among the most proinent economic vities in the communities around eastern Long Island Sound from the;days of their earliest settlement. The hazardous condition at the confluence of Log V Island and Block Island Sounds had long been recognized, and the first lighthouse on Little Gull Island was among the earliest projects com- pleted by the federal government upon its assumption of responsibility ;. for aids to navigation. In the 18th and first half of the 19th centuries, masonry provided the only available means to satisfy the stringent requirements of lighthouse construction. The lighthouse had to be stable and relatively tall. Even when architects participated in lighthouse design,as with the 1850 tower at Execution Rocks, New York, the masonry techniques of vernacular builders formed the structural scheme. Even internal elements, notably stairways, consisted of masonry. In the mid-19th century, many of the early masonry lighthouse were refitted with cast-iron stairways, but the 196 . s. R �-• � 7`tiw^.:;,f�s y 9.�'.ti'^t. �J �Yrt�'Fz"i.Tti:�'t''aSA.T�: .r ,�' ' �'�' r'Ig t. Little cull. Island Light Hose GI--1 iron stairs of Little Gull Island Light appear to be the original,indicating that the introduction of iron as a structural material for lighthouses, be- gun in the early 1850s, had an impact on the design of the site. For the most part, the early masonry towers have scant sign of orna- ment or stylization. By the 1860s, however, many new lighthouses embodied fully realized architectural statements. For example, the door of Little Gull Island Light has a stylish, Italianate-inspired appearance, suggesting that the movement toward aesthetic consideration had an im- pact on even those towers that followed long-established structural schemes. In the use of iron and its stylized door,then, Little Gull Island Light portrays two elements which differed from prior practice,while the overall design, nevertheless, falls squarely in the realm of traditional techniques.By the early 1880s,iron,towers had supplanted masonry ones, so Little Gull Island Light represents the final stage of masonry light- houses construction in the United States. The lighthouse also gains significance by virtue of the old Fresnel lens, mentioned earlier,which remains-in the lantern.The lens probably is not original to the lighthouse, but it is important as one of the decreasing number of such devices still in service. Little Gull Island Light has been nominated deservedly to be included in the National Register of Histori- cal Places. M -- i FRONT VIEW Dimensions of a DCB-24 Lantern. See page 255 Courtesy U.S.Coast Guard i4 I 147 s.9 ttli ur i'tf•r' tt l `._ aunt . (1 `� rD l Little Gull Islandti I l' �3- •� * X11 Q �¢ CL 1 f 3' trnnrlMre7tt� - - _ cn CD - . w J • ��+ x 1 g „ �.tr• , jam_ ,,. �"vaf.,� "� •"��' eIV Zm '_ SCALE Ii1 ■ .�• %OFTH POUT - - - •T6�: �C'LMtgt RR1'WFRTC OF li'�'• Cr]-.d.17'.►11xNtF: .WI•ERf)1,'f?: f. 1 HI76!\P:YS RiR RI TuI:]'. � -- r[ - r� i Chace, Map of Suffolk County, 1858. cri f1C! � Little Gull Island Light House GI-1 In the "Race," a few miles east of Plum "nd, are aitnate;l two lesser once, called (.treat, and Little Gull Isiands. These are composed almost entirely of solid rock, otherwise thev might have long since been washed away- Great Gull Lzlnnd contains about fifteen acres, and LAtle Gull Island but about one acre. The latter is surrounded by a solid stone wall, which cost$10,090 and used more tha» 25,000 tone of stone. Upon the island stands a very important light, which serves to mark the entrance or passage from the ocean to the sound_ This light was established in 1806, and re-fitted in 1857. It hal a fog bell attached- The tower in fifty-six feet high, and the light seventy-four feet above the water. It gives a flied 990 Torre of soaTsOUL light, visible thirteen miles distant. This light is about seven miles beyand Orient Point. R.M. Bayles. Historical and Descriptive Sketches of Suffolk County, 1874, pp. 389-290. Little Gull Island Light House GI-1 30 A-i .:v. L.IGHTHOUSI- On Little Gut! Islami. 4F Orlcnt Point Bailey, Paul. Historic Long Island in Pictures, Prose, and Poetry, L.I. Forum, 1956. Little Guli Isiand Light ;-Souse GI-1 L i A 50-foot-high beacon, left, was erected in 1806 on a two- acre rock outcropping in Fish- ers Island Sound and rebuilt 81 feet high in 1868 after many ships had been wrecked trying to find their way through The Race, the passage from tong Island Sound to the Atlantic Ocean. The light in the granite tower seven miles northeast of Orient Point can be seen for 18 miles, warning mariners of the --_ shoals south of The Race. The tower, which is 19 feet in diam- eter at the base and has walls five and a half feet thick, has been nominated for the Nation- al Register of Historic Places. It T" u is one of the last masonry light- `:-, houses built on the f=ast Coast. It was automated in 1977, but the tower still has its original Fresnel lens with its round T prisms stacked in a brass cas- ing. f � I z 1V�WAQ AY ZS O (fj 13 I 1� f /4.3 - /G - 00a - ENCLOSURE (1 ) `1'O COMDTNOTE 11011 8 NAx 1-)7 2 INVENTORY FOR14 OF IITSTORIC PLACES Agency : Third Coast Guard District Date : 7 Dec 1072 1 . name of property: Little Gull Island Light Station 2 . Location of property: A . State and County : New York, Suffolk B. Latitude and Longitude : N-410 12 ' 22" 3 W72 06 ' 26" C . Township, Range and Section : N/A D. Other legal description: N/A E. clap Reference : O . S . Dept . of Commerce, Nat ' l Oceanic & Atmospheric Admin, Nat'l Ocean Survey Chart 116--SC, Page A 3 . Nature of Property : A. District ( ) site ( ) Building ( X } Object ( } B. Description, present condition and use : Lighthouse, granitestone , 61' high, dool condition, in use as aid to navigation structure, constructed 1€360 . 4 . Importance of Property : See Enclosure (1 ) . 5 . Names and actresses of persons preparing this inventory : Allan Zammit, Chief , Structures Section Cavil Engineering Branch, Bldg 107 Third Coast Guard District Governors Island - New York , New York 10004 Enclosure (3 ) i ` '- _. •=r�• -. 1.7 rr"r..r'rrr'rCj�Ye"rvrr7-rtitr-rs`."a^�;^Ya^c�rtY'r Y7 ' �r117- 177 i 136 222147187 177 !216 S 4? —v 256 / f y :74 - 204. -- 1 ,r 8yy ler ma '1S7L! %,;30 243 osr 253 � 1'.. 92 ,l��i�r+r f 216 ```t�'��J t / 21r2 279 " i, 3 �e7++rr1`+++�++rrr�,rrr irri iui tfrly,llr�641L�,j54�, ,y �! 226 / J 2� 254 277 7163 e 174 I tiro 3 . / SUBMERGED S[�f`,`:�llRl`11 t81 r OPERATING A."EA 306 15 ] / (SUG 9?3 C C) 219 'H hl 166 234 ✓ 228 -- 308 • ,� 165 12D 130 126Reprky —21T 266 76 96 210 318 � / `� / � s 237 ~ 8 62 162 sh // raj 293 1 >s•¢X254 f96 r 237 2 / 147 / 214 / 3 G 139 j / X302 162 / 171 f. jb3i / 212 ' ^ 129 148,/ j / 285 144 j 144 / -17)\ 336 167 '2a �c: 4.va T17� hrri 109 / j - 202 241 194/157 / S27 J / / �- • '`- 93 / - 165 302 a 105' 2: 91'x- \ 76� ,11`4/ / ,k 247 228 2 2 � 77 70 10 B4 18•t 5 31 .6 B2► - hrd `\ , 49 f 51 186 269 �! e ter— ►-. 74 "f+/' p '► 40- 43' J hrd 3t "kOld �: � 159 t70 131 n2 27 ,. t't 13 37 0.0 �a°� sfr ! .�� 17 29 'S07 ell' j hrd 104 \o•, rky o0 46 1 GtCOt 26 2 - � 4B *k,,pb /S4 rky I SO Sr '�+ • 1Q �\Gull IsEantJ w° } Ir�.4a °..... 104 136 48 7 •• +..� J �L 25 �m 2a 7 + 4 �6:06trr 103 Re 4 7 • Q y r.:' f' fi4 0 FFov1" ,qln �b i9\. t 211`J 14 ,F 21 23 0� .' +"-� °, _ ti L�1 TLit91e "• C'•1^a0 55 80 t 11 73s t08 �C 4 22 rkp CD 11 22 9 -��- 30 --0 l%lond 53 3t r cy . 20 M 30%11 PAGE A ,t s' V7, µ! - - '. ,} � '• Fri, q 1 f Lam, .y i 5 "'•,rJ. ",R. ryn ad F! • 'w +. .. r f./�` - 3.1 _ _ f ,I-�'�"'...._� ^I�!^ ., �r�' R +�,,'4 ,l`wf'i li • � ' 1 ��. r .•,t Sur• " 1 � .. 1 .- •� �t:1 � .ti - �� + � `+0:T�1"� �' �e i 1.,,.�',�Ste.�' 4 19 AK 44 l.�.r - ,. - '.� ,Y••wry- (� ('� �.1��x�/� 1 •r r t - IlI � IMRORTANCE OF PROPERTY CG-193 Lighthouses are established, at various points along the Nation ' s coast and nervi zible waterways as markers and guides to enable mariners. to determine their position with relation to the land and to hidden dancers . Lighthouses assist mariners in making landfalls when ap- ' z:�aching from overseas., mark iso.la.ted dangers , make it possible for vessels to• fallow ,natural .azid improved -channels , - and provide a continuous chain -ofIst "bli" charted marks`- fors` coastal' pil?o.ting . Lightho�ises are ., hed where they will be of most :-use , n.n.- gr on me, }=ea- 34'rid r o t entrances , on isolated dangers , or at other points where itis necessary that- mariners be warned or guided _ Their principal purpose is to support a light at a con- siderablr height above the water . , Lighthouses have been referenced as "those lonely watchers that: have guided ships to shore for many -centuries , have captured men ' s imaginations since time immemorial , have stood as sentinels of maritime safety to mariners approaching land there is no' more welcome sight than the friendly beam of light that flashes telling him he is on courjse or warning of possible danger . The location of some lighthouses stand as a monument to man ' s perseverance . It is a lasting symbol of man ' s determination to conquer the furies of the sea and to build a lighthouse where once it, seemed no structure could be built , let alone endure . t . E.nclozure {1 )