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HomeMy WebLinkAboutAppendix L - Groundwater Modeling Report.pdf STRONG'S YACHT CENTER GROUNDWATER ANALYSIS GROUNDWATER MODELING REPORT Submitted to: Town of Southold Planning Board,As Lead Agency Prepared For: Strong's Yacht Center 5780 West Mill Road Mattituck, New York 11952 Prepared By: P.W.Grosser Consulting,Inc. 630 Johnson Avenue,Suite 7 do Bohemia,New York 11716 Phone:631-589-6353 Fax:631-589-8705 PWGC Project Number:STR2001 PAG C CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS GROUNDWATER ANALYSIS GROUNDWATER MODELING REPORT STRONG'S YACHT CENTER, &1ATT|TUCK, NY TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1.8 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................1 1.1 Background ..............................................................................................................1 1'2 Objectives.................................................................................................................2 2.0 MODEL CONSTRUCTION ...............................................................................................G 2.1 Model Extents/Limits................................................................................................5 2.2 Background Map.......................................................................................................7 2.3 Layers----'-.-------'-.-----------.---------.---.-------.---.-------7 2.3.1 Layer Geometry....................................................................................................... 8 2/4 Boundary Conditions ................................................................................................Q 2.5 Aquifer Parameters...................................................................................................B 2.6 Preliminary Model Runs..........................................................................................1O 3.0 MODEL CALIBRATION.................................................................................................11 3.1 Calibration Target...................................................................................................11 3.2 Automated Sensitivity Analysis...............................................................................12 4.0 MODEL SIMULATIONS................................................................................................16 4.1 Local Domestic Supply Well Identification...............................................................15 4.2 On Site Groundwater Analysis................................................................................2O 4~3 Aquifer Evaluation..................................................................................................21 4.4 Groundwater Travel Determination........................................................................22 4L5 Depth and Elevation Estimation..............................................................................23 4.6 Proposed Excavation Evaluation—Saltwater Intrusion into the Aquifer..................25 4.7 Proposed Excavation Evaluation—Upcmning...........................................................25 4.8 Potable Freshwater Elevation Estimate...................................................................27 4.9 Sea Level Rise....,..,.............,..,............,..,.............,..,............,..,.2Q 5.0 CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................2g 8.0 REFERENCES...............................................................................................................32 PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS TABLES Table 1 Initial Boundary Conditions Table 2 Groundwater Model - Initial Input Parameter Values Table 3 Groundwater Model -Calibrated Parameter Values Table 4 Uncalibrated versus Calibrated Boundary Conditions Table 5 Existing Conditions Saltwater Interface Elevation and Freshwater Lens Thickness Table 6 Ghyben-Herzberg Predicted Saltwater Interface Elevations and Freshwater Lens Thicknesses Table 7 Sea Level Rise Boundary Condition Adjustments FIGURES Figure 1 Site Location Map Figure 2 Site Area Map Figure 3 Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model—Model Extents Figure 4 Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model—Cross Section View Figure 5 Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model—Boundary Conditions Figure 6 Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model—Calibrated Model Figure 7 Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model—Grid Refinement Figure 8 Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model—Cross Sectional View—Sub-Layering Figure 9 Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model—Surrounding Domestic Well Locations Figure 10 Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model—Surface Elevations—Unexcavated Site Figure 11 Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model — Groundwater Conditions — Unexcavated Site—Surface Elevations Figure 11a Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model — Groundwater Conditions — Unexcavated Site Figure 12 Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model—Surface Elevations—Excavated Site Figure 13 Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model — Groundwater Conditions - Excavated Site—Surface Elevations Figure 13a Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model — Groundwater Conditions — Excavated Site Figure 14 Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model—Surface Elevations— Unexcavated Site with Particle Tracks Figure 14a Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model—Unexcavated Site with Particle Tracks Figure 15 Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model—Surface Elevations—Excavated Site with Particle Tracks Figure 15a Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model—Excavated Site with Particle Tracks Figure 16 Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model — Excavated Site with Particle Tracks Tracked Forward RW. GROSSER CONSULTING,UINC. - PHONE; 631,589.6353 630 JOH S / �" 1 , "SE- 7 P.W. GROSSER CONSULTING ENGINEER T HYDROGEOLOGIST, RC. PWGROSSER.COM BOHEMIA, NY 117-16 LONG ISLAND - f AC^ HATTA ., SARATOGA SPRINGS - SYRACUSE - SEATTLE - SHELTO PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS Figure 16a Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model — Unexcavated Site with Particle Tracks Tracked Forward Figure 17 Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model — Unexcavated Site with Particle Tracks Tracked Forward and Time Posting Figure 17a Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model — Excavated Site with Particle Tracks Tracked Forward and Time Posting Figure 18 Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model — Cross Section View — Saltwater Interface-Chloride Concentration in lb/ft3—Unexcavated Site Figure 18a Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model — Unexcavated Site Chloride Concentrations—Layer Figure 18b Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model — Unexcavated Site Chloride Concentrations—Layer Figure 18c Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model — Unexcavated Site Chloride Concentrations—Layer 3 Figure 18d Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model — Unexcavated Site Chloride Concentrations—Layer 4 Figure 19 Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model — Cross Section View — Saltwater Interface-Chloride Concentration in Ib/ft3—Excavated Site Figure 19a Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model—Excavated Site Chloride Concentrations —Layer 1 Figure 19b Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model—Excavated Site Chloride Concentrations —Layer 2 Figure 19c Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model—Excavated Site Chloride Concentrations —Layer 3 Figure 19d Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model—Excavated Site Chloride Concentrations —Layer 4 Figure 20 Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model—Excavated Site—16" Sea Level Rise GROSSER CONSULTING, INC. PHONE� P.W. GROSSER CONSULTING ENGINEER& HYDROGEOLOGIST, RC. PWGROSSER,COM BOHEMIA, NY 11716 LONG ISLAND - M NHATT N ' - SARATOGA SPRINGS m SYRACUSE . SE ATTLE * SHELT N PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS 1.0 INTRODUCTION Strong's Yacht Center(a.k.a.The"Yacht Center" ) is located on Mattituck Creek in Mattituck, New York which is on the north fork of Long Island (see Figure 1 for the approximate site location and Figure 2 for site area map). The Yacht Center is proposing to undergo renovations and site improvements that includes the construction of two boat storage buildings. The boat storage buildings will require significant excavation work that will approach 40 feet of cut in some areas to achieve a similar elevation to the existing buildings and infrastructure at the Yacht Center. All of the proposed excavation work for the boat storage buildings will take place above the water table. However, due to the site's proximity to Mattituck Creek and the reliance of nearby residences on private water supply wells, the potential effects that the excavation may have on local water quality,quantity and possible saltwater intrusion is required for evaluation in the Draft Environmental Impact Statement(DEIS). Accordingly, a detailed analysis has been undertaken to evaluate what, if any, effects or impacts the proposed excavation and site improvements may have on the local aquifer system. The analysis has been accomplished through the use of a three- dimensional (3-D) sub-regional numerical groundwater model. 1.1 Background The Yacht Center includes an existing marina,boat repair/maintenance,sales,and storage facility that is situated on the west side of Mattituck Creek, within the hamlet of in Mattituck, New York (see Figures 1 and 2). The Yacht Center is proposing to construct two new boat storage facilities near its southern end and associated appurtenances including an evergreen concrete retaining wall, upgrades to the sanitary disposal system, and connection to the public water supply. The proposed construction will necessitate the partial excavation of a hillside which will entail cuts at a maximum of 40 feet. Groundwater conditions in the area indicate typical watertable elevations range between 1 to 2 feet above mean sea level(NAVD88)with a flow direction towards Mattituck Creek. The site is situated amongst numerous residential properties that rely on the local aquifer system for their water supply via on-site domestic water supply wells. The proposed excavation, though deep, will not intersect the water table beneath the site, but due to the close proximity of residential properties that utilize the local aquifer system for drinking water purposes, concerns have been raised over the possible effects such an excavation may have on local groundwater conditions and an evaluation and analysis has been requested to be performed. The evaluation and analysis have been accomplished through the use of 3-D numerical groundwater model that was specifically constructed for the site and surrounding area. RW. GROSSER CONSULTING, INC. PHONE, 6-31,589.63-53 630 JOHNSON AVENUE,STE7 P.W. GROSSER CONSULTING ENGINEER& HYDROGEOLOGIST, P.C. PWGROSSER.COM BOHEMIA, NY 11716 LONG ISLAND - MA^NH TTAN « SARATOGA SPRINGS . SYRACUSE . SEATTLE « SHELT N PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS A groundwater model was employed rather than taking monthly water level observations over the course of a year because it has several advantages. A carefully constructed and calibrated model can reliably predict groundwater levels and aquifer responses under numerous different conditions and scenarios. Multiple years of groundwater level data were used to construct and calibrate the model (in this particular case some of the local monitoring wells used to construct the model had monthly data going back as far as 1975) as opposed to a single 12 month period. This allows for more long term averages to be used and also provides for the identification of anomaly years such as when drier or wetter conditions may prevail. Longer term groundwater trends (rising or falling water levels and potential causes) can be observed as well when looking back over many years as opposed to a single year. The numerical model constructed for Strong's Yacht Center was created by utilizing the Suffolk County North Fork groundwater model as a starting point and refining the regional scale model down to a sub-regional one. The County accepted model was thus reviewed and used to facilitate construction and calibration of the current groundwater model which in turn greatly aided in the overall conceptualization, layout, development and simulations that were performed. The groundwater model developed for Strong's Yacht Center is able to predict groundwater levels under a variety of conditions, predict groundwater travel times, flow paths, estimate wellhead capture zones or zones of influence and can also be used to model the saltwater interface and thickness of the freshwater lens under different stresses such as changing recharge patterns or excavated site conditions(model potential saltwater intrusion or upconing effects). Again, the model developed for Strong's Yacht Center relied upon many years worth of USGS local groundwater level data for its construction and as is explained later on in this report to a high degree of calibration. A single year of monthly groundwater level observations would not provide anywhere near the same ability of a properly prepared groundwater model to carry out the desired analyses that have been requested. 1.2 Objectives The objectives of the groundwater modeling effort were as follows: 1. Construct and calibrate an accurate three-dimensional, sub-regional, numerical groundwater flow model that could reliably be used to simulate local aquifer conditions in the Mattituck area, GROSSER CONSULTING, INC.P.W. GROSSER CONSULTING ENGINEER& HYDROGEOLOGIST, . GR R,.G BOHEMIA, f LONG ISLAND M NHATT N ' - SARATOGA SPRINGS « SYRACUSE 4 SEATTLE • SHELTON PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS 2. Identify nearby local domestic supply wells and determine if the proposed excavation will adversely impact any wellhead zone of influence or the quantity or quality of water in the aquifer system for residential water supply, 3. Provide an analysis of the groundwater on site and its contribution to the aquifer serving the nearby wells under existing conditions and the potential adverse effects, if any, to the aquifer system serving nearby wells following the excavation, 4. Evaluate the nature of the aquifer that supplies the nearby wells and the relationship of the subject property as a contributing source and that the proposed excavation will not affect the quantity of water available to the nearby wells, S. Determine the direction of groundwater travel on site and travel times and whether the proposed excavation would disrupt or interrupt groundwater travel or timeframes to reach surface waters, 6. Estimate the depth of the freshwater lens and elevation of the saltwater interface, 7. Evaluate whether the proposed excavation would alter the saltwater interface in a way that may cause saltwater intrusion into the aquifer or nearby wellhead zones of influence, 8. Evaluate whether the proposed excavation would cause upconing and saltwater intrusion by reducing the amount of fresh water entering the aquifer used by the nearby wells, and 9. Estimate at what elevations does potable freshwater begin and end (at the expected saltwater interface) on site pre and post excavation. RW. GROSSER CONSULTING, INC. PHONE: 63L569,6353 630 JOHNSON AVENUE,STE 7 P.W. GROSSER CONSULTING LTI ENGINEER& HYDROG OLOGIST, P.C. PWGROSSER,,COM BOHEMIA, NY 11716 LONG ISLAND - M NHATT N ' - SARATOGA SPRINGS 4 SYRACUSE - S ATTLE a SHELT N PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS G_ , S Figure 1—Site Location Map THONE� 631,589.6353 6; J HNSON AVENUE, T GROSSERP.W. GROSSER CONSULTING ENGINEER& HYDROGEOLOGIST, P,C. PWGROSSER.COM BOHEMIA, NY 11716 LONG ISLAND - M NHATT N ' - SARATOGA SPRINGS m SYRACU Si a - S ATTL - SHELT N PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS SHELTERISL.i\-i7 �tSRTHFORK "� GREATPECCNIC H.%Y SOG'iH EGRK E (model location/extents represented by magenta square) GROSSER HONE, 631,589.6353 ,� F� ��AVENUE, `E 7 P.W. GROSSER CONSULTING ENGINEER& HYDROGEOLOGIST, P,C. GR - 117-16 LONG ISLAND * M NHATT N ' - SARATOGA SPRING m SYRACUSln - SEn, TTLE - SHELT i PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS 2.0 MODEL CONSTRUCTION A finite difference method (FDM) model was utilized to predict aquifer responses under steady state and transient conditions that result from the proposed excavation to take place at the existing Yacht Center site on Mattituck Creek in Mattituck, NY. The modeling platform was run using the USGS program MODFLOW (MODFLOW 2005). The software package used to run the model code was Groundwater Vistas Version 8.16 (GV8) Build 15 by Environmental Simulations, Inc. A three-dimensional, sub-regional, numerical groundwater flow model was constructed to represent a portion of the North Fork of Long Island, centered around the Mattituck area. The model extents encompass an area that ranges from the Long Island Sound on the north,the Great Peconic Bay to the south,approximately Aldrich Lane to the west,and approximately Alvah's Lane to the east (see Figure 3). The model was constructed using standard modeling methodology which consisted of: • Identify model areal extents based on critical features and boundary conditions • Formulate mesh or grid, import background maps, etc. • Establish layers and zones based on area hydrogeology • Adjust model geometry to approximate known conditions • Input model properties such as aquifer parameters, boundary conditions, recharge, etc. • Conduct initial model test runs • Input calibration targets such as groundwater heads at known locations (targets) • Calibrate the model using sensitivity analyses and calibration methods • Refine model grid/mesh in areas of interest, recalibrate model as necessary • Input pumping and recharge wells • Conduct groundwater flow scenarios using calibrated model • Analyze and review modeling run results to predict aquifer responses to various pumping schemes or aquifer conditions 2.1 Model Extents/Limits The model was built using a 3-d framework by creating a grid or mesh of evenly spaced nodes in both the directions of the horizontal plane(x and y). Mattituck Creek was chosen to be roughly near the center of the mesh and the mesh was extended outward 9,000 ft in the east and west direction and 9,500 ft in the north and south direction producing a rectangular area that measures 18,000 ft by 19,000 ft (see Figure 3). These distances were selected because they capture key features of the area such as major surface water bodies and is believed to extend far enough away from the area of focus (the Yacht Center) to reasonably establish sub-regional boundary conditions such as constant and general head boundaries that would be far enough away from the focus area within the RW. GROSSER CONSULTING, INC. PHONE. 63L5M6353 630 JOHNSONAVENUE,STE 7 P.W. GROSSER CONSULTING ENGINEER & HYDROGEOLOGIS-�, P.C. PWGROSSER.COM BOHEMIA, NY 117-16 LONG ISLAND * M NHA TAN - SARATOGA SPRINGS . SYRACUSE - SEATTLE . SHELTON PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS model boundaries to not drastically influence it. A 100 by 100 grid with nodes spaced 100 feet apart was selected and as mentioned above centered around Mattituck Creek. 2.2 Background A scaled GIS background map was imported into the groundwater model software from AutoCAD as a DXF file to visually depict the outline of the model study area (a portion of the north fork of Long Island in Mattituck), prevalent water bodies in the model area, as well as to represent where the site and the other important features such as major roadways, streets and property boundaries are positioned (see Figure 3). .3 Layers The model was initially constructed with four (4) layers to represent the four major hydrogeological units on Long Island,the Upper Glacial Aquifer,the Magothy Aquifer,the Raritan Clay and the Lloyd Aquifer. The base of the model is the surface of the bedrock, which for the purposes of the modeling exercise is assumed to be an impermeable surface (no flow boundary). The Upper Glacial layer was then revised into four separate layers that included,from top to bottom,the Harbor Hill Outwash,the Ronkonkoma Drift,the Lower Clay and the Lower Drift. These stratigraphic representations are consistent with the Suffolk County groundwater model and work done by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) to delineate the various North Fork hydrogeologic units. The Magothy Aquifer layer was divided into two separate layers to represent the Middle and Basal Magothy units, again consistent with the Suffolk County North Fork groundwater model. The top two layers of the model were modeled as unconfined aquifers and every layer below the third layer (the Lower Clay) was modeled as confined aquifers. The Harbor Hill Outwash and Middle Magothy layers were subsequently further divided in multiple sub-layers. The Harbor Hill Outwash layer or the upper most layer of the model was sub-divided into four layers and the Middle Magothy was also sub-divided into an additional four layers. These two layers of the model, the Harbor Hill Outwash layer and the Middle Magothy layer,were sub-layered to provide greater definition in the area of main focus of the model,i.e.,the shallow portion of the aquifer system where the Yacht Center excavation is to take place, as well as where the residential supply wells are screened. The Middle Magothy layer was sub-divided for better definition with regards to saltwater interface modeling. In total, the groundwater model ended up with 14 separate layers. RW. GROSSER CONSUL-TING, INC. PHONE; 63L989=6353 630 JOHNSON AVENUE,STE 7 P.W. GROSSER CONSULTING ENGINEER &HYDROGEOLOGIST, P.C. PWGROSSER.COPOI BOHEMIA, NY 117-16 LONG ISLAND * M NHATTAN - SARATOGA SPRINGS * S`x'RACUSE - SEATTLE « Si- ELTON PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS 2.3.1 Layer Geometry Once the layers were created, the model then basically resembled a cube shape. The model geometry was then adjusted so that layers had shapes, sizes, thicknesses and orientations that approximated actual known or inferred hydrogeological conditions. Layer top and bottom elevations were sloped and pitched to produce varying thicknesses and inclines or declines that reflected more realistic aquifer conditions. All geometry adjustments were made using available published USGS information. Figure 4 is a typical cross-sectional depiction of the model layering. 2.4 Boundary Conditions Boundary conditions were then assigned to the areas of the model to represent as close as possible the natural conditions of the study area. Boundary conditions are typically located at the edges of the model and are used to control heads and allow/compute the flux of water into and out of the model. Boundary conditions were assigned in layer 1 of model (the upper most layer of the model or the top layer of the Harbor Hill Outwash). A total of four constant head boundaries were established and each represented a surface water body. These included: the northern boundary as the Long Island Sound (inclusive of Mattituck Creek); and the southern boundary as the Great Peconic Bay (inclusive of several south shore creeks) and Marratooka and Laurel Lakes. Figure 5 presents the boundary conditions as they relate the Yacht Center site. The eastern and western edges of the model were left as simple groundwater flow boundaries with no conditions assigned to them. The initially assigned boundary conditions are presented below in Table 1. Table 1—Initial Boundary Conditions Long Island Sound Constant Head 0.00 Great Peconic Bay Constant Head 0.00 Laurel Lake Constant Head 6.00 Marratooka Lake Constant Head 5.00 RW. GROSSER P.W. GROSSER PP CONSULTING ENGINEER ��YDROGE LO IsT„ RC. PWGROSSER,,COM BOHEMIA, NY 117-16 LONG ISLAND - M NHAT AN - SARATOGA SPRINGS . SYRACUSE - SEATTLE . ' SH LTON PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS 2.5 Aquifer Parameters With the model framework roughed out,the next step was to input numerical values for key parameters and establish a set of consistent units for the inputs that included: • Horizontal hydraulic conductivity- Kx,y(ft/day) • Vertical hydraulic conductivity- K,(ft/day) • Specific storage—S,(1/ft) • Specific yield—Sy(unitless) • Porosity—n (unitless) • Recharge—R (ft/day) Every zone of all the layers of the model had each of the above parameters assigned to it based on published USGS values or values used in the regional Suffolk County model,with the exception of recharge. Recharge was only applied to layer one of the model where it is introduced (the uppermost layer or top of the model). Table 2 below is a summary of the model inputs based upon available published USGS values or values that were used in the regional Suffolk County model for the study area. Table 2-Groundwater Model - Initial Input Parameter Values Harbor Hill Outwash 300 30 0.000001 0.15 0.24 0.005 Ronkonkoma 400 40 0.000001 0.15 0.24 --- Drift Lower Clay 30 3 0.000001 0.15 0.24 --- Lower Drift 250 25 0.000001 0.15 0.24 --- Middle Magothy 50 5 0.000001 0.15 0.24 --- Basal Magothy 100 10 0.000001 0.15 0.24 --- Raritan Clay 0.3 0.001 0.000001 0.15 0.24 --- RW. GROSSER CONSULTING, INC. HONE, 631,589.6353 630 JOHNSON AVENUE,STD'7 P.W. GROSSER CONSULTING ENGINEER& HYDROGEOLOGIT, RC. PWGROSSER.COM BOHEMIA, NY 11716 LONG ISLAND - M NHATT N ' - SARATOGA SPRING m SYRACU SE - S ATTL - SHELT N PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS Lloyd 35 3.5 0.000001 0.15 0.24 --- *Recharge was only applied to Layer 1 of the model. 2.6 Preli i t e! Runs Initial test runs to generate graphical output were run once the model framework was constructed, the aquifer parameters and model inputs were entered, and the boundary conditions established. This was done to identify problems such as significantly incorrect model geometry, input values, or boundary conditions. These initial uncalibrated model runs often generate groundwater head contours that are far from the actual or observed conditions but at least allow the modeler to determine if the model is headed in the right direction as far as its initial development and where to look for major problems. Model simulation criteria such as selection of which solver package to use and when convergence is reached between consecutive iterations are selected at this point as well. The initial test runs for the sub-regional model fared reasonably well. The model was able to converge and generate groundwater head contours that at least appeared to represent the general shape and orientation of the contours depicted on historical USGS maps for the study area (USGS Groundwater Conditions on Long Island, 2016). Though not completely 100%accurate, but off by only about a few feet or so in portions of the upper layers of the model, the model was able to produce output that, from a starting point, was usable and allowed for progression to the calibration phase of the model development. RW. GROSSER CONSULTING, INC. PHONE: 631569,6353 630 JOHNS014 AVENUE,STE 7 P.W. GROSSER CONSULTINGENGINEER& HYDROG OL GIS , RC. PWGROSSER,,COM BOHEMIA, NY 11716 LONG ISLAND * M NHATT N ' - SARATOGA SPRINGS . S` RA SE . SEATTLE . SHELTON PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS 3.0 MODEL CALIBRATION The calibration process is often the most complex portion of groundwater modeling. The vast array of inputs,geometry and boundary conditions that can be adjusted to manipulate the model output can be significant and daunting. Additionally, the number of combinations of any of the above-mentioned variables can quickly become overwhelming even for experienced modelers. Groundwater Vistas has several means to simplify the process such as automated sensitivity analyses and calibration procedures like PEST (automated Parameter Estimation and optimization. 3.1 Calibration Target The calibration process was begun by identifying known points of groundwater elevation within the model framework. Due to the size or extents of the model (18,000 ft x 19,000 ft), several known USGS groundwater monitoring wells were able to be located or identified that coincided with the model grid. A total of four (4) active USGS monitoring wells were located and included four (4) wells installed in the Harbor Hill Outwash. The monitoring wells were subsequently used as calibration targets in order to adjust model parameters to get a best match or fit between actual water level values and modeled or predicted ones. The purpose of calibration targets is to use them to assess model adjustments. The closer target residuals (the difference between the target value and model predicted groundwater heads) get to zero, the better the model is considered calibrated. The raw uncalibrated model was run with the initial inputs all unadjusted and the residual sum of squares was approaching 7.6 (model is calibrated to April 2016 USGS water level data). The residual sum of squares is a summation of the squared value of all the calibration target residuals. The squared value is used because a residual can be positive or negative, thus by squaring, all values become positive. The squared residuals when summed produce a positive value that is the starting point in the calibration process. The idea is to adjust model parameters to result in a lower residual sum of squares value. The lower this number is driven the better the calibration of the model is considered. Other values or calibration goals that are looked at closely in terms of an acceptable degree of calibration include the residual mean divided by the range of target values should be less than 0.05,the residual standard deviation divided by the range of target values should be less than 0.10 and the absolute residual mean divided by the range of target values should be less than 0.10. A model with 4 calibration targets and a starting value of 7.57 for the residual sum of squares is reasonable based on past modeling experience. This indicates that the average RW. GROSSER CONSULTING, INC. PHONE: 631,989.63-53 6 30 JOHNSON AVENUE,STE P.W. GROSSER CONSULTING ENGINEER HYDROGEOLOGIST,PC. PWGROSSER.COM BOHEMIA, 7-16 LONG ISLAND ANHATTAbN - SARATOGA SPRINGSYR E * SEATTLE ¢ SHELT i~ PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS initial uncalibrated residual was just under 1.38 ft. The target residuals were all positive meaning that the model simulated values overpredicted the actual or observed water level values. The other three key calibration values were well off the above stated goals, and thus, indicated the model needed a decent degree of calibration before it could be considered acceptable. • residual mean divided by the range of target values = 1.23 / 2.56 = 0.48 (acceptable value should be<0.05) • residual standard deviation divided by the range of target values = 0.62 / 2.56 = 0.24 (acceptable value should be<0.10) • absolute residual mean divided by the range of target values = 1.23/2.56 = 0.48 ( acceptable value should be<0.10) The below image shows the model calibration statistics for the raw uncalibrated model. Target Re.iduaI Name. 1.95 1.11 S 53325 2.76 1.56 S 39269 4.43 0.28 S 6558 4.51 1.95 S 53333 Residual Mean =1.23 Close Residual Standard Dev. =0.62 Absolute Residual Mean =1.23 Residual Sum of Squares 7.57e+00 RMS Error =1.38 Minimum Residual =0.20 Maximum Residual =1.95 Range of Observations =2.56 Scaled Res.S td.D ev. =0.244 Scaled Abs. Mean =0.479 Scaled RMS =0.537 Number of Observations =4 3,2 Automatednsi i i alysis Automated sensitivity analyses were performed to determine which model inputs would have the greatest influence on model results. Using the built-in auto-sensitivity analysis features of GV8, it became obvious fairly quickly that the most sensitive model parameters were the horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivities of the upper and RW. GROSSER CONSULTING, P.W. GROSSER 5�aLMNG ENGINEER r�°� LOGIS ,, .INC. , PWGROSSER.COM BOHEMIA, -1 LONG ISLAND - MANHATTAN - SARAT GA SPRINGS . SYf ACUSE . SE ATTLE . SHELTON PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS middle layers of the model (Harbor Hill Outwash , Lower Drift and Middle Magothy) and recharge. By using the automated features such as PEST (parameter estimation) the modeling software does a numerical analysis to derive optimum parameter values to calibrate the model. The starting input values produced a fairly reasonable model and the auto-calibration process yielded results that did not vary by much and were within acceptable ranges for the various aquifers. Table 3 below highlights the aquifer parameters that were adjusted following the calibration process. Table 3-Groundwater Model-Calibrated Parameter Values W W . Harbor Hill Outwash 150 18.34 0.000001 0.15 0.24 0.0085' Ronkonkoma 400 40 0.000001 0.15 0.24 --- Drift Lower Clay 30 3 0.000001 0.15 0.24 --- Lower Drift 150 25 0.000001 0.15 0.24 --- Middle Magothy 25 7.5 0.000001 0.15 0.24 --- Basal Magothy 100 10 0.000001 0.15 0.24 --- Raritan Clay 0.3 0.001 0.000001 0.15 0.24 --- Lloyd 35 3.5 0.000001 0.15 0.24 --- • *Recharge was only applied to Layer 1 of the model. • Highlighted values represent parameters that were modified from initial input following calibration. Assuming reasonable aquifer parameters were identified and input the next set of variables considered were the boundary conditions. These were the four constant head RW. GROSSER CONSULTING, INC. PHONE: 631,589.63,53 Ci0.J0HNS0NAVENUE_STE7 P.W. GROSSER CONSULTING ENGINEER& HYDROGEOLOGIST, RC. PWGROSSER.COM BOHEMIA, NY 117-16 LONG ISLAND - M <NHATTAN - SARATOGA SPRINGS . SYRACUSE 4 SEATTLE - `HELT I PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS boundaries that represented the surface water bodies. Each of these were evaluated using auto sensitivity analyses. The analyses indicated that by adjusting the boundary condition values even greater improvement could be achieved with regards to the calibration goals. Table 4 below compares the uncalibrated boundary conditions to the calibrated ones. Table 4—Uncalibrated versus Calibrated Boundary Conditions ENMENIMMEMINSEW Long Island Sound Constant Head 0.00 1.19 Great Peconic Bay Constant Head 0.00 1.01 Laurel Lake Constant Head 6.00 5.40 Marratooka Lake Constant Head 5.00 6.89 Once the various inputs and boundary conditions were calibrated, a new residual sum of squares value was calculated to be 0.413 equating roughly to an average absolute residual of around 0.321 ft,which represented an improvement over the uncalibrated model. The additional three calibration goals were also reevaluated and all showed acceptable values. • residual mean divided by the range of target values = 0.01 / 2.56 = 0.0039 (acceptable value should be <0.05) • residual standard deviation divided by the range of target values = 0.32 / 2.56 = 0.126 (acceptable value should be <0.10) • absolute residual mean divided by the range of target values=0.29/2.56=0.112 (acceptable value should be <0.10) The below image shows the calibration statistics for the calibrated model. Though not quite below the goal of 0.10 for the latter two of three calibration goals, still a very good degree of accuracy and calibration. Additional calibration to further adjust the two latter calibration goals below 0.10 required adjusting model inputs to values that were considered outside acceptable ranges, and thus,the model was considered calibrated. RW. GROSSER CONSULTING, INC. PHONE: 631,989.15353 r'30JOHNSONAVENUEsm�' P.W. GROSSER CONSULTING ENGINEER& HYDROGEOLOGIST, RC. PWGROSSER.COM BOHEMIA, NY 11716 LONG ISLAND * M NH TTAN - SARATOGA SPRINGS « SYRACUSE . S ATTL E . SMELT N PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS Target Statistics Target Resi&J Name 1.95 -0.30 S 53325 2.76 0.12 S 39269 4.43 -0.10 S 6558 4.51 0.47 S 53333 Residual Mean =0.01 Close Residual Standard Deis. _ .32 Absolute Residual Mean =0.29 Residual Sum of Squares =4.13e.01 RMS Error =032 Minimum Residual =-0.38 Maximum Residual =0.47 Range of Observations =2.56 Scaled Res.Std. Dev. _0 120 Scaled Abs. Mean =0.112 Scaled RMS =0.126 Number of Observations =4 zz Figure 6 depicts the calibrated model showing the water table contours in layer 1, or the Harbor Hill Outwash. GROSSER CONSULTING, INC. PHONE: P.W. GROSSER CONSULTING ENGINEER& HYDROGEOLOGIST, RC. GR S1-17-16 LONG ISLAND - MANHATTAN ' - SARATOGA SPRINGS m SY'h ACUSE - SEATTL - SHELTON PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS 4.0 MODEL SIMULATIONS Once the model was calibrated, some refinements were made to enhance the resolution of the graphical output in the vicinity of interest (at and around the site). The model grid spacings for both the rows and columns were reduced from 100 ft to 50 ft to produce a refined grid right around the Yacht Center location on Mattituck Creek (see Figure 7). Additionally, two layers of the model were sub-divided to provide enhanced vertical precision as well. The Harbor Hill Outwash or layer 1 was sub-divided into 4 layers (now layers 1 thru 4) and the Middle Magothy layer was also sub-divided into 4 separate layers (now layers 8 thru 11). Figure 8 is a cross sectional view of the model depicting the various layers/sub-layers. The model calibration was rechecked to confirm that the refinements did not negatively impact the model accuracy. 4.1 Local Domestic Supply ell Identification (Identify nearby local domestic supply wells and determine if the proposed excavation will adversely impact any wellhead zone of influence or the quantity or quality of water in the aquifer system for residential water supply) A conservative approach was taken with regards to analyzing whether or not the proposed excavation would have an adverse impact on nearby domestic supply wells with regards to water quantity and quality. This was accomplished through steady state modeling where conditions are held constant and are independent of time. First, local surrounding properties that do not have a public water service were identified. Second, vacant properties without a private water supply well were also identified. Figure 9 shows the location of surrounding properties with private domestic water supply wells. All of the domestic wells were assumed to be shallow wells due to assumed low flow rates and the suspected shallow depth to saltwater in the area, and thus, they were all entered into the second layer of the model to meet the Suffolk County Department of Health Services (SCDHS) requirement of the well screen being set at least 40 feet into groundwater. Each domestic supply well was assigned a pumping rate of 325 gallons per day (gpd) which is consistent with the SCDHS design flow rates for single family residences(sanitary system flow rates of 300 gpd). Wells were located at approximately the centroid of each lot as exact locations are unknown as they are not mapped. Two separate model runs were performed under this case. The first entails the unexcavated site and the second involves the site following excavation. The site excavation only takes place in the upper most layer of the model, which is layer 1 and is part of the Harbor Hill Outwash. Figure 10 indicates the location of the proposed site excavation and also indicates the model elevations at that area of the site. RW. GROSSER CONSULTING, INC. THO - 31,589.T T3 630JOHNSON AVENUE,R.E, T 7 P.W. GROSSER CONSULTING ENGINEER YDROGEOLOGI T�. . , PWGROSSER,,COM BOHEMIA, NY -1 LONG ISLAND - M NHATTAN • SARATOGA SPRINGS . SYR USES - SE TTLEe * SHE LTON PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS The sub-regional model was constructed using roughly 25-foot contour intervals for the model surface elevations,thus,the portion of the site where the proposed excavation is to take place. The unexcavated surface elevations range between 25 to 50 feet AMSL. The model was run under steady state conditions and targets were installed at the proposed excavation site and at the surrounding properties with private domestic supply wells. The targets were set to display the groundwater elevation at that location. Figures 11 and 11a depict the existing conditions with the site unexcavated. Figure 11 is presented with the surface elevations and Figure 11a is the same image but without the surface contours for better clarity of the groundwater target residual values. The target values are displayed as negative values as a result of the model output but actually represent positive values. For instance, in the middle of the proposed excavation area at the Yacht Center site, the target residual is posted as -1.73 ft. This is a result of the target value being entered as zero and the model predicted head elevation at that location being subtracted from the target value to produce a residual which is being used to identify the groundwater surface at that location, thus zero minus any positive number will yield a negative result. The actual resulting or predicted head value is then 1.73 ft, meaning the model is predicting a groundwater surface elevation of 1.73 ft AMSL NAVD 88. The site surface elevations were then altered in the area of the proposed excavation. The elevations were adjusted from 25 to 50 ft AMSL to a uniform 5 ft AMSL elevation. The other adjustment that was made was the recharge in the excavated area,which was increased from 0.0085 ft/day to 0.0101 ft/day. This increase results post-construction due to the installation of on-site drainage which will accommodate and recharge stormwater to the aquifer. This results in less surface runoff losses and less evapotranspiration as well. Figure 12 depicts the proposed site excavation elevation. The model was then re-run to determine if any changes in groundwater elevations would occur as a result of the site excavation. Figures 13 and 13a depict the proposed site excavation and the resulting groundwater elevations. Figure 13 is presented with the surface elevations and Figure 13a is the same image but without the surface contours for better clarity of the groundwater target residual values. Comparing Figures 13 and 13a to Figures 12 and 12a,there is only a single change that occurs right at the site where the target is located at the centroid of the proposed excavation. The groundwater elevation rises by 0.01 ft. The surrounding domestic well locations remain unaffected. Thus, even though the excavation is deep, over 40 feet in some spots, it is still above the water table (water table elevation in centroid of RW. GROSSER CONSULTING, INC. PHONE' 631,589,6353 630 JOHNSON AVENUE,s,rE' 7 P.W. GROSSER CONSULTING ENGINEER &HYDROGEOLOGIST, P.C. PWGROSSER.COM BOHEMIA, NY 11716 LONG ISLAND M NHATT N • SARATOGA SPRINGS 4 SYRACUSE - SEATTLE .. 4aHELTON PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS excavation area predicted at 1.72 ft AMSL(NAVD 88)), and thus, is predicted to have no effects on groundwater quantity at the surrounding domestic well locations. Wellhead zone of influence is evaluated using particle tracking. Under this scenario, particles are either released at the well screen zone and reversed tracked back to their respective points of origin or, released upgradient of the well and tracked forward until they are subsequently captured at the well screen. Again,two separate model runs were performed for comparison purposes. The first run was under the unexcavated conditions and the second run was performed post excavation. MODPATH Version 5 was employed to analyze and visualize the particle tracks. MODPATH is a particle-tracking post-processing model that computes three- dimensional flow paths using output from groundwater-flow simulations based on MODLFOW,the U.S.Geological Survey(USGS)finite-difference groundwater flow model. The program uses a semi-analytical particle-tracking scheme that allows an analytical expression of a particle's flow path to be obtained within each finite-difference grid cell. A particle's path is computed by tracking the particle from one cell to the next until it reaches a boundary, an internal sink/source, or satisfies another termination criterion (i.e., a certain time in the future or the past). Under the unexcavated case a ring or cluster of particles were installed around each of the well screens that were identified for lots that surround the Strong's Marina site that are not serviced by the SCWA. The particles were set to reverse track back to their respective points of origin. The predicted particle tracks or paths depict the wellhead zones of influence or capture. The particle tracking analysis indicates the domestic supply wells having relatively low pumping rates (325 gpd) have as expected very narrow zones of influence. Figure 14 depicts the predicted wellhead zones of influence under unexcavated conditions and again also shows the surface contours. A line of particles was placed in the middle of layer 2 diagonally across the proposed limits of the site excavation in addition to the particle clusters installed around each well at about the midpoint of the well screens which are also located in layer 2 of the model. Figure 14a is the same image as Figure 14 with the exception of surface contours being turned off for better clarity of the particle tracks. The model was then run under excavated conditions to determine if excavating the site would have any influence on surrounding well head zones of influence. Figure 15 presents the model output for this condition where nothing changes except for the ground surface elevation within the limits of excavation at the Yacht Center and the RW. GROSSER CONSULTING, INC. HONE' 631,589.6353 630JOHNSONAVENUE,STD'7 P.W. GROSSER CONSULTING ENGINEER& HYDROGEOLOGIST, P.C. PWGROSSER,COM BOHEMIA, NY 11716 LONG ISLAND - M f'JHATTI'a SAR TOGA SPRINGS m SYRACUSE . SE TTLE * Si- E TON PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS amount of recharge occurring within those limits (the recharge increases from 0.0085 ft/day to 0.0101 ft/day). Figure 15a again is the same information presented in Figure 15 but with the surface contours turned off for better particle track clarity. Comparing Figures 14 and 14a to Figures 15 and 15a, there are no noticeable changes in particle track trajectories between the pre- and post-excavated site conditions. This again is attributable to the fact the site excavation is proposed to take place entirely above the water table and the proposed site modifications are only slightly adding more water to the local aquifer system due to the increased recharge post construction. Thus, the proposed site excavation is not predicted to have any impact hydraulically on the nearby surrounding domestic supply wellhead zones of influence. Another condition to note is that a few of the on site wells at Strong's Yacht Center will be abandoned post construction. Comparing Figure 14a to Figure 15a two wells are removed. Observing Figure 14a the two wells to be removed are called out. The significance of this is that by removing two wells from service the Yacht Center is thus withdrawing less water from the aquifer post construction. Less water withdrawal has multiple benefits with regards to the site having even less influence on neighboring wells, and what will be addressed later on in this report, saltwater intrusion and upconing. The water quality of the aquifer system with respect to the nearby surrounding domestic supply wells is also not expected to be impacted by the site excavation. This was investigated by tracking the particles released diagonally across the excavation in the middle of layer 2 in a forward fashion as opposed to the reverse fashion as explained above. Under this scenario, the particles are released at their origin point and tracked forward until they reach a termination point like an active pumping well or boundary condition. Groundwater flow at the Yacht Center is towards Mattituck Creek. Thus,the model predicts groundwater beneath the proposed site excavation will head in an easterly direction until it reaches the creek. Figure 16 presents the forward tracked particles released beneath the site excavation location. The significance of this is that groundwater beneath the site excavation does not flow towards or is intercepted by any of the nearby surrounding domestic supply wells, meaning groundwater quality at the domestic supply wells is not predicted to be impacted by the Yacht Center. RW. GROSSER CONSULTING, INC. PHONE: 63L569,6353 C,10 JOHNSON AVENUE,STE P.W. GROSSER CONSULTING ENGINEER& HYDROGEOLOGIST, RC. PWGROSSER.COM BOHEMIA, NY 117-16 LONG ISLAND M NHATT N ' - SARATOGA SPRINGS - Sly RACUSE . SEATTLE SHELT i PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS 4.2 n Site Groundwater Analysis (Provide an analysis of the groundwater on site and its contribution to the aquifer serving the nearby wells under existing conditions and the potential adverse effects, if any, to the aquifer system serving nearby wells following the excavation) Shallow groundwater beneath the Yacht Center site, as stated in Section 4.1 above,flows eastward towards Mattituck Creek. USGS data supports this flow direction as do the groundwater model flow simulations (see Figure 16). The overall site is approximately 16.5 acres in land area and the proposed site excavation area is around 4.6 acres in total. Groundwater recharge varies annually but has been estimated to be anywhere between 50 to 75% of the annual precipitation. Precipitation records going back over the past 70 years show an average annual total precipitation off 49 inches per year. The groundwater model calibrated to a recharge rate of 0.0085 ft/day or 37.23 inch/year, which based on the annual average precipitation rate of 49 inches/year equates to a recharge rate of 76%, the extreme upper end of the recharge range. Assuming the unexcavated site recharges in its entirety at 76% of the annual precipitation amount the site then recharges to the aquifer system the following amount on average each year R= 16.5 acres x(43,560 ft2/acre)x(0.76 x 49 in/yr) x(1 ft/12 in) = 2,230,489.80 ft3/yr or, on a daily basis- R= 2,230,489.80 ft3/yr x 1 yr/365 day= 6,110.93 ft3/day The excavated site following construction is going have an additional 2.4 acres as either paved or have buildings occupying it. The entire excavated area is planned to be constructed with a drainage and sub-surface recharge system that will collect and recharge nearly 100% of the precipitation that lands upon it. The actual drainage plan accommodates 7.77 acres of land area, which includes the project area and contributing off-site area. Such a system will greatly reduce runoff and evapotranspiration effects and thus have a net increase with regards to groundwater recharge. Drainage systems are rarely 100% effective at capturing all precipitation so a 10% reduction is used for the amount of precipitation being recharged to the sub-surface or shallow aquifer system. The post excavated site is predicted to have the following recharge— R1 = (16.5 acres - 4.6 acres) x (43,560 ft2/acre) x (0.76 x 49 in/yr) x (1 ft/12 in) _ 1,608,656.28 ft3/yr R2=4.6 acres x(43,560 ft2/acre)x (0.9 x 49 in/yr) x(1 ft/12 in) =736,381.80 ft3/yr RT= R1+ R2= 1,608,656.28 ft3/yr+736,381.80 ft3/yr= 2,345,038.08 ft3/yr •• a ®�- -®® � RW. GROSSER CONSULTING, INC. PHONE. 631,589.6353 630 JOHNSON AVENUE,STE 7 ° COSS .GC� BOHEMIA, 7°I6 ."��?n GROSSER CONSULTING T7IT 7�`�"�� �, ��T��LOGIT7`, €�. � LONG ISLAND * M NHATT ,N - SARATOGA PR�IN 'R U E - SEATTLE « SHELTON PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS This equates to 114,548.28 ft3/yr of additional recharge reaching the aquifer system. Under both flow conditions, the unexcavated and the post excavated site, groundwater flows towards Mattituck Creek from beneath the limits of the proposed excavation location. Figures 16 and 16a depict these cases. Though under the post excavated conditions a slight increase in the water table is predicted immediately beneath the excavation area, no particle deflections or trajectory changes are observed and thus no effects upon nearby wells are anticipated. 4.3 Aquifer Evaluation (Evaluate the nature of the aquifer that supplies the nearby wells and the relationship of the subject property as a contributing source and that the proposed excavation will not affect the quantity of water available to the nearby wells) The aquifer system beneath the site is comprised of multiple hydrogeologic units. The upper or most shallow unit where the neighboring domestic supply wells are screened is commonly referred to as the Harbor Hill Outwash. Directly beneath that is a thin, highly permeable layer that is known as the Ronkonkoma Drift. Immediately below that is a confining clay layer. Figure 4 depicts a typical cross section through the groundwater model with all the layers and hydrogeologic units numbered and identified. The upper two hydrogeologic units are considered and modeled as unconfined aquifers while the units below them are treated as confined aquifers or layers. Thus, the shallow aquifer where the domestic supply wells are screened, being unconfined can be directly susceptible to surface related activities. However,as explained above in Sections 4.1 and 4.2, though the site is being excavated, the excavation takes place entirely above the water table and does not affect the quantity or quality of the groundwater as it relates to the nearby domestic supply wells. A slight increase in groundwater recharge is expected to take place post excavation once the site is developed. This increase in quantity is relatively minimal and is not predicted to affect the nearby wells. Figures 16 and 16a show no significant or noticeable differences in particle tracks or trajectories between the excavated and unexcavated site conditions. RW. GROSSER CONSULTING, INC. PHONE: 631,569,6353 630JOHNSONAVENUE,STE7 P.W. GROSSER CONSULTING ENGINEER& Hti' GEOLO�.�8T, P.C. PWGROSSER,COMBOHEMIA, NY 11716 LONG ISLAND - MAC` RATTAN ' - SARATOGA SPRING 4 SYRACUSE - SEATTLE - SHELTON PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS 4.4 Gr er Travel Determination (Determine the direction of groundwater travel on site and travel times and whether the proposed excavation would disrupt or interrupt groundwater travel or timeframes to reach surface waters) Groundwater flow direction across the Yacht Center site is in an easterly direction towards Mattituck Creek. A line of particles has been installed along the western boundary of the proposed site excavation and released at the mid-point of layer 2 which is approximately 40 feet below the water table at that location and is consistent with SCDHS domestic supply well screen depths. The particles are tracked forward and head eastward again towards the creek. They start with a downward trajectory and then eventually begin to flow upwards towards the creek bed. Under the existing site or unexcavated conditions, the groundwater travel time from the location of the western boundary of the proposed excavation area the particles are predicted to take between 4 and 4.5 years to reach Mattituck Creek with a starting depth of 40 feet below the water table. Figure 17 is a depiction of the model output under steady state conditions and with the site unexcavated. The numbers posted along the particle tracks are times in years since release and coincide with the arrowhead locations along the tracks. The predicted travel times are consistent with the Suffolk County Subwatershed maps which show the site water table travel time to be primarily within two travel time categories, the 0 to 2 years and 2 to 10 years categories. The Suffolk County travel times are based on water table travel to the surface water body. The model predicted travel time of 4 to 4.5 years is based on a deeper starting point than the water table for the particles. As mentioned above,the particles do not travel in a straight line but rather follow a curvilinear trajectory where they start out headed downward and then curve back upward towards the creek bottom, thus following a longer flow path rather than a relatively straight path directly across the surface of the water table to the creek. Figures 17a depicts the same information as Figure 17 except now the model is run under post excavation conditions where the soil is removed from the proposed excavation area down to an elevation of 5 ft AMSL and the recharge over that same area is increased slightly to account for subsurface recharge via roofs and paved surfaces. The buildings are proposed to have a finished first floor elevation of 10 ft AMSL,the modeled elevation of 5 ft AMSL accounts for the excavation required to construct and install the building foundation elements. Under the scenario depicted in Figure 17a, the post excavation case,no noticeable changes in particle tracks or trajectories are observed when compared to Figure 17 which presents the unexcavated conditions. Additionally, the travel times are posted in half year increments along the tracks and these again are identical to the unexcavated scenario showing travel times of between 4 and 4.5 years to travel from •• a ®®- �. RW. GROSSER CONSULTING, INC. PHONE� 631,589.6353 630 JOHNSON AVENUE,STE 7 P.W. GROSSER CONSULrING ENGINEERHY ROGEOLOGI T, P.C, PWGROSSER.COM BOHEMIA, NY 11716 LONG ISLAND * MANH TTAN - m CARATOGA SPRINGS « SYRACUSE - SEATTLE * SHELTO PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS roughly 40 feet below the water table at the western excavation boundary to the bottom of Mattituck Creek. Thus, the groundwater model predicts that the proposed site excavation will not disrupt groundwater flow directions or travel times to reach the nearby surface water body. 4.5 Depthn levi Estimation (Estimate the depth of the freshwater lens and elevation of the saltwater interface) Estimation of the saltwater interface was accomplished using the 3-d numerical groundwater model and checked using analytical methods. The USGS program SEAWAT Version 4 was employed to model and simulate saltwater. The SEAWAT program is a coupled version of MODFLOW and MT3DMS designed to simulate three-dimensional, variable density, saturated groundwater flow and multi-species transport. The variable density flow(VDF) process in SEAWAT is based on the constant density groundwater flow process of MODFLOW-2000. The VDF process uses the familiar and well established MODFFOW methodology (finite difference method) to solve the variable density groundwater flow equation. The MT3DMS part of SEAWAT, referred to as the Integrated MT3DMS Transport(IMT) process solves the solute transport equation. The analytical method used to check the modeling results is the Ghyben-Herzberg relation. This relation states that for every foot above sea level in water table elevation that exists, the saltwater interface will be 40 times that below sea level. In most real situations, the Ghyben-Herzberg relation underestimates the depth to the saltwater interface (Freeze and Cherry, 1979), thus, it can be used for conservative preliminary estimates. The existing unexcavated site had two test holes conducted in September of 2018. The water table elevations in these test holes were observed to be at 1.2 and 1.4 ft AMSL (NAVD 88). PWGC also performed 13 soil borings in June 2021—groundwater was found at 1.0 to 2.5 ft AMSL across the site at that time. The groundwater model under steady state conditions and calibrated to USGS April 2016 groundwater conditions predicted groundwater elevations at the two 2018 test hole locations of 1.48 and 1.45 ft AMSL. Under the same conditions, the model predicted the water table elevation beneath the middle of the proposed excavation limits for the unexcavated case to be 1.73 ft AMSL (NAVD 88), see Figure 11a. Based on the Ghyben-Herzberg relation, the saltwater interface would then be expected to least be at an elevation as calculated below: SWint=—(40 x WTelev) _-(40 x 1.73 ft) _-69.2 ft AMSL(NAVD 88) The thickness of the freshwater lens is calculated as such: FWlens=WTelev+40WTel,v= 1.73 ft+(40 x 1.73 ft) =70.93 ft . . GROSSER CONSULTING, INC. PHONE. 631,569,6353 630 JOHNS 14 AVENUE,UE,STD'7 P.W. GROSSER CONSULTI ENGINEER & HYDR EOLO IST, %C. PWGROSSER.COM BOHEMIA, NY 11716 LONG ISLAND * M, NH, T AN - SARATOGA SPRINGS * SYRA U S . SEATTLE . SH LTON PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS The groundwater model was run utilizing the SEAWAT program to estimate the saltwater interface elevation and freshwater lens thickness beneath the proposed excavation area at the Yacht Center site. The model graphical output used to represent the chloride concentrations is a color flood. Here, different colors represent varying concentrations of chlorides. The model units for chlorides are in lb/ft', typically chloride concentrations are expressed in mg/l. The model uses lb/ft'due to the rest of the model being designed around units of feet. The USGS considers the saltwater interface to be located where the groundwater concentration meets and begins to exceed the drinking water concentration for chlorides which is 250 mg/I or 0.0156 Ib/ft3. Chloride concentrations in seawater can vary but typically range on the order of 14,000 to 19,000 mg/I or 0.874 to 1.19 Ib/ft3. The groundwater model calibrated to a seawater concentration of 16,500 mg/l or 1.03 Ib/ft3. The lower end of the color scale was set to terminate at 250 mg/I or 0.0156 Ib/ft3 (rounded to 0.02 on the legend—model display only allows two decimal places). Figure 18 depicts a cross section through the model showing the predicted saltwater extents based on chloride concentrations. The saltwater interface is predicted to be contained in layer 4 of the model beneath the site excavation limits. The elevations of the top and bottom of layer 4 beneath the proposed site excavation area are -75 and - 87.88 ft AMSL (NAVD 88). Using the most shallow elevation of layer 4 as a conservative position for the saltwater interface,the elevation would then be -75 ft AMSL which is 5.8 feet deeper than estimated by the Ghyben-Herzberg relation. As referenced above, the Ghyben-Herzberg relation tends to underestimate the interface depth as it was calculated to be -69.2 ft AMSL, a minimum difference of 5.8 ft. The model predicts a freshwater lens thickness of 76.73 ft. Figures 18a through 18d show plan views through the upper four layers of the model and depict the horizontal extents of the saltwater under the unexcavated site conditions. The figures depict a landward migration of the interface with depth as would be expected. Layer 4 directly beneath the proposed site excavation limits shows near complete saltwater conditions, indicating that the interface would be between -75 and -87.88 ft AMSL. Table 5 below is a comparison of the analytical expression to the numerical groundwater model results. RW. GROSSER CONSULTING, INC. PHONE: 63L5M6353 630 JOHNSON AVENUE,STE 7 P.W. GROSSER CONSULTING ENGINEER& HYDROGEOLOGIST, RC. PWGROSSER,COM BOHEMIA, NY 11716 LONG ISLAND M NHATT N - SARATOGA SPRING - SYRACUSE , SE TTLE SHELT i PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS Table 5—Existing Conditions Saltwater Interface Elevation and Freshwater Lens Thickness EMESEMEE= Ghyben-Herzberg -69.2 70.93 Groundwater Model -75 76.73 4.6 Proposed Excavation Evaluation—Saltwater Intrusion into the Aquifer (Evaluate whether the proposed excavation would alter the saltwater interface in a way that may cause saltwater intrusion into the aquifer or nearby wellhead zones of influence) The groundwater model was run under the excavated site conditions to evaluate potential saltwater interface effects that maybe caused as a result of the excavation. The difference between the excavated and unexcavated site conditions being that the surface elevations at the location of the proposed excavation are decreased from between 25 to 50 ft AMSL to 5 ft AMSL and the recharge occurring within the limits of the proposed excavation is increased from 0.0085 ft/day to 0.0101 ft/day. Figures 18 and 18a through 18d depict the existing saltwater conditions prior to the site being excavated. Slightly increasing the recharge across the area of the proposed site excavation increases the amount of freshwater being received by the aquifer and in turn would have the effect of causing the saltwater interface to migrate seaward and downward. Under the excavated site conditions, the water table is expected to rise 0.01 ft due to the increased recharge (see Figures 11a and 13a for unexcavated and excavated site groundwater conditions). Applying the Ghyben-Herzberg relation to the slightly higher water table elevation yields the following with regards to the saltwater interface elevation and freshwater lens thickness: SWint=—(40 x WTeiev) =-(40 x 1.73 ft) =-69.2ft AMSL(NAVD 88) FWIens=WTelev+40WTelev= 1.73 ft+(40 x 1.73 ft) =70.93 ft This equates to a saltwater interface that is estimated to be 0.40 ft deeper and a freshwater lens that is 0.41 ft thicker,thus saltwater intrusion is not expected to occur as a result of the site excavation, but just the opposite is predicted. Figure 19 is a cross sectional view through the model output depicting the excavated site conditions and the chloride concentrations. Layer 4 where the saltwater interface is expected to occur beneath the site excavation is 12.88 ft thick. Based on the Ghyben- Herzberg relation, a deepening of at least 0.40 ft is expected. The layer being over 12 ft RW. GROSSER CONSULTING, INC. PHONE. 631,569,63-53 630 JOHNSONAVENUE,'STE 7 P.W. GROSSER CONSULTING ENGINEER & HYDROGEOLOGIST, RC. PWGROSSER.COM BOHEMIA, LONG ISLAND * M NHA TAN * SARATOGA SPRINGS . SYRACUSE * SEATTLE * SH LTON PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS thick, the groundwater model, as constructed, is unable to differentiate this increase graphically. However, comparing Figures 18 and 19 a difference in layer 3 is noticed. Under the unexcavated case, Figure 18, in layer 3 just to the north of the site excavation area,the saltwater interface is present. Reviewing Figure 19 for the excavated case, the chloride concentrations that were observed in Figure 18 are no longer present. Similar observations can be made by comparing the plan views shown in Figures 18a through 18d for the unexcavated case to Figures 19a through 19d for the excavated case. Here again, the chlorides concentrations are predicted to be pushed towards Mattituck Creek away from the site and the surrounding or neighboring domestic supply wells. This is as stated above the opposite effect of saltwater intrusion. The neighboring domestic supply wells were all shown to have zones of influence that track in land away from Mattituck Creek (see Figure 14a), so by locally moving the chloride concentrations towards Mattituck Creek,wells in proximity to the site will experience a subtle improvement with regards to saltwater intrusion. Also to be considered in regard to the saltwater interface, and as mentioned above in section 4.1, two existing water supply wells are going to be removed from service, the entire site will be connected to the SCWA for domestic water supply and the two remaining on site wells will be converted to irrigation wells that will have overall less water consumption then their combined previous water supply usages. The net effect is again less water withdrawal from the aquifer and a benefit with regards to the saltwater interface position beneath the site. The difficulty with modeling this at the sub-regional scale is that the wells are withdrawing on the order of for potable usage under the unexcavated site conditions and the two remaining wells under the post excavated site conditions get reduced to an annualized flow rate of 218 gpd for irrigation purposes, not a large or even very noticeable amount of water so the effect though positive is difficult for the model to distinguish. 4.7 Proposed Excavation Evaluation®Upconing (Evaluate whether the proposed excavation would cause upconing and saltwater intrusion by reducing the amount of fresh water entering the aquifer used by the nearby wells) Sections 4.2 through 4.6 above explain how there is an increase in recharge to the aquifer post excavation. The previously unexcavated site area becomes developed with two roofed structures and the remainder of the area is paved with an impermeable surface. Runoff from these areas is collected and discharged to the subsurface via below ground drainage structures. Thus, an increase in recharge is experienced in this area of the Strong's Marina site. The result is a slight increase of the water table elevation which results in a deepening of the saltwater interface. Upconing occurs when there is a RW. GROSSER CONSULTING, INC. PHONE, 631.569.6353 CM JOHNsONAVENUE,sTE P.W. GROSSER CONSULM N ENGINEER R HYDROGEOLOGI T, P.C. PWGROSSER.COM BOHEMIA, NY 11716 LONG ISLAND * MANHATTAN . SARATOGA SPRINGS . SYRACUSE . EATTLE . SHELTO PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS decrease in the water table elevation which would be the opposite of what is predicted to occur under the post excavated site conditions. The Ghyben-Herzberg calculations performed and presented in sections 4.5 and 4.6 clearly support this and are summarized below in Table 6 for a side by side comparison. Table 6— hyben-Herzberg Predicted Saltwater Interface Elevations and Freshwater lens Thicknesses SIMENEESEIRM Unexcavated Site -68.8 70.52 Post Excavated Site -69.2 70.93 4.8 Potable Freshwater Elevation Estimate (Estimate at what elevations does potable freshwater begin and end (at the expected saltwater interface) on site pre and post excavation) Under existing or unexcavated site conditions the water table beneath the proposed site excavation area is predicted to be 1.72 ft AMSL NAVD 88 (see Figure 11a). The saltwater interface under the unexcavated site conditions is estimated to be at an elevation of-68.8 AMSL NAVD 88 based on the Ghyben-Herzberg relation. The groundwater model estimates the saltwater interface under the existing conditions to be contained within layer 4 of the model. Layer 4 at the location of the proposed site excavation has a top elevation of-75 ft AMSL NAVD 88 and a bottom elevation of-87.88 ft AMSL NAVD 88. See Figure 18 for a cross sectional view through the groundwater model output for the unexcavated site conditions showing chloride concentrations. As previously stated, the Ghyben-Herzberg relation tends to under predict the depth of the saltwater interface and the groundwater model output supports this statement. The post excavated site groundwater conditions are predicted by the groundwater model to show a slight increase in groundwater elevation right at the center of the proposed excavation limits. The groundwater elevation is predicted to increase by 0.01 ft, or to an elevation of 1.73 ft AMSL NAVD 88 under the post excavated site conditions (see Figure 13a). The Ghyben-Herzberg relation then estimates the saltwater interface to deepen by 0.40 ft,or to an elevation of-69.2 ft AMSL NAVD 88. The groundwater model still predicts the saltwater interface to remain in layer 4 of the model (see Figure 19) and as the layer is over 12 feet thick it is unable to distinguish a more precise elevation under post excavated site conditions. Assuming the worst case conditions that the top elevation of RW. GROSSER CONSULTING, INC. HONE: 631,989.6353 630JOHNS-ONAVENUE,STE " P.W. GROSSER CONSULTING ENGINEER & HYDROGEOLOGIST, P.C. PWGROSSER.COM BOHEMIA, NY f 1716 LONG ISLAND - MANHATTAN =* SARATOG SPRINGS 4 SYRACUSE . SEATTLE - SHELTON PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS layer 4 previously saw chloride concentrations of at least 250 mg/I under the unexcavated scenario, then under the post excavated site conditions the interface elevation is expected to be deeper than -75 AMSL NAVD 88. 4.9 Sea Level Rise A sea level rise of 16" (1.33 ft) is predicted to occur over the next few decades. The groundwater model was used to simulate a 16" increase in sea level and predict what the groundwater conditions would look like on site should that occur. The way sea level rise is accounted for in the model is by adjusting the boundary conditions that include the Long Island Sound, Mattituck Creek, the Great Peconic Bay and James Creek. Table 7 below presents the model modifications that were made to account for a rise in sea level of 16". Table 7—Sea Level Rise Boundary Condition Adjustments EMEMEMMIM Long Island Sound Constant Head 1.19 2.52 Mattituck Creek Constant Head 1.19 2.52 Great Peconic Bay Constant Head 1.01 2.34 James Creek Constant Head 1.01 2.34 The model was re-run under the excavated site conditions to predict a groundwater level right at the site excavation that could be expected with a 16" sea level rise. Figure 20 is the model output showing this condition. The model predicts the groundwater beneath the site to rise to an elevation of 3.05 ft AMSL NAVD 88, or a rise of 1.31 ft (model predicted the post excavated site groundwater elevation to be 1.74 ft AMSL NAVD 88 without any sea level rise—see Figure 19a) RW. GROSSER CONSULTING, INC. PHONE: 63MM6353 6 30 JOHNSON AVENUE,STE 7 P.W. GROSSER CONSULTING ENGINEER& HYDROGEOLOGIST, P.C, PWGROSSER.COM BOHEMIA, LONG ISLAND - MANHATT N - SARATOGA SPRINGS « SYRA U S i SEATTLE -' SHELTON PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS 5.0 CONCLUSION Numerical groundwater modeling was performed to evaluate the potential effects a proposed excavation at the Yacht Center site in Mattituck, NY would have on neighboring domestic supply wells and the local shallow aquifer system. The excavation will entail cuts on the order of 40+ feet in depth and cover an area of approximately 4.6 acres. The entire excavation will take place above the water table and as such is predicted to have no noticeable effects or impacts on the neighboring domestic water supply wells. Numerous cases and possible conditions were evaluated using the groundwater model to predict what effects if any the proposed site excavation would have with regards to local groundwater quantity, quality, flow paths, travel times, well capture zones and the position of the saltwater interface. Groundwater quantity is expected to increase slightly as a result of the proposed site excavation. This is due to an increase in recharge resulting from the area where the excavation will take place being developed with two roofed structures and impermeable paving with all runoff (from the project area and off-site contributing areas) being collected and discharged to subsurface drainage structures. This will reduce the effects of the existing site runoff and evapotranspiration currently occurring and allow more of the precipitation being received by the area to be recharged to the shallow aquifer system. The groundwater model predicts a slight increase in the water table elevation right at the center of the proposed excavation area. See Figures 11a and 13a for a comparison of the local groundwater conditions both pre and post excavation. The groundwater model was used to investigate potential groundwater quality effects on the surrounding nearby domestic supply wells that might occur as a result of the proposed site excavation using particle tracking. Under this case, particles were released from beneath the site excavation and tracked forward until they reached a termination point. Groundwater recharging beneath the proposed site excavation was predicted to flow towards Mattituck Creek(see Figure 16)and was not intercepted by any of the domestic supply wells that are in proximity to the Yacht Center site. Thus,the model predicts that the neighboring wells will not be impacted with respect to groundwater quality as a result of the proposed site excavation. Saltwater conditions were addressed separately from general water quality effects. Groundwater flow paths or directions on site at the Yacht Center were predicted also using particle tracks. Figures 17 and 17a present predicted flow directions from beneath the proposed excavation site. The particles were tracked in a forward direction and under both the unexcavated and excavated site conditions all particles migrate towards Mattituck Creek. No noticeable differences such as particle deflections or changes in trajectories were observed between the two RW. GROSSER CONSULTING, INC. PHONE: 631,569.6353 630JOHNSON AVENUE,STE 7 P.W. GROSSER CONSULMNGENGINEER DROGEO GI T. RC. PWGROSSER.COM BOHEMIA, LONG ISLAND MANHATTAN - SAR TOGA SPRINGS - SYRACUSE - SEATTLE SHELT N PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS conditions even with a slight increase in the water table elevation under the unexcavated case. The travel times were also predicted for the two cases and again the time postings presented in Figures 17 and 17a show no noticeable differences. Thus,groundwater flow directions and travel times are not expected to be disrupted by the proposed site excavation. The potential impacts of the proposed site excavation on the position of the saltwater interface and effects of possible saltwater intrusion as it relates to the neighboring domestic supply wells were evaluated and analyzed using the numerical groundwater model and an analytical expression. The model predicted the groundwater surface elevation beneath the site to be 1.72 ft AMSL NAVD 88 for the unexcavated site conditions (see Figure 11a). Employing the Ghyben- Herzberg relation, the saltwater interface was estimated to be at an elevation of-68.8 ft AMSL NAVD 88. The model predicted chloride concentrations to exceed 250 mg/1 at an elevation between-75 to-87.88 ft AMSL NAVD 88,which is lower or deeper than estimated by the analytical expression. The top elevation of layer 4 of-75 ft AMSL NAVD 88 was selected as the elevation of the interface under existing conditions scenario for a worst case approach. The Ghyben-Herzberg relation has been stated to underestimate the depth to the interface (Freeze and Cherry, 1979) and the model output supports this statement. Figure 18 presents the predicted chloride concentrations beneath the proposed excavation site for the unexcavated site conditions. The model predicts the freshwater lens beneath the location of the proposed site excavation for the unexcavated conditions to be 76.72 ft thick while the Ghyben-Herzberg relation estimates it to be 70.52 ft thick. The proposed site conditions post excavation are expected to slightly increase the amount of freshwater being recharged to the shallow aquifer system. The addition of more freshwater to the aquifer system produces the opposite effects of saltwater intrusion and upconing. A downward and seaward migration of chloride concentrations would be expected and is substantiated by the groundwater model and the analytical expression. The water table elevation is predicted to increase by 0.01 ft under the post excavated site conditions. The Ghyben-Herzberg relation then estimates a deepening of the interface by 0.40 ft. The groundwater model still predicts the interface to be located within layer 4 of the model, but now it can be assumed to be deeper than-75 ft AMSL NAVD 88. Comparing Figures 18 and 18a through 18d (the unexcavated site conditions) to Figures 19 and 19a through 19d (the post excavation site conditions) the seaward movement of the interface can be seen. Thus, the post excavated site is predicted to improve the local aquifer conditions with respect to location of the saltwater interface, which is a direct result of increasing the subsurface recharge on site at the Yacht Center. Related to the site excavation/construction,two of the four existing on site water supply wells are going to be removed from service and the site connected to the SCWA for public water supply. RW. GROSSER CONSULTING, INC. PHONE. 31, ,5 0 JOHN ON AVENUE,STE P.W. GROSSER CONSULTWG ENGINEER & HYDROGEOLOGIST, RC. CROSS R.COM BOHEMIA, NY 11716 LONG ISLAND * MANHATTAN - SARATOGA SPRINGS ` RAC E • SEATTLE - SHELTON PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS The remaining two domestic supply wells are going to be converted to irrigation wells with lower annualized daily pumping rates of 218 gpd as opposed to the average domestic supply pumping rate of 0.225 gallons per minute (GPM). The overall reduction in water withdrawal from beneath the site will be beneficial with regards to the position of the saltwater interface and also further reduce the potential for the site to have any influence on neighboring or nearby domestic supply wells. RW. GROSSER CONSULTING, INC. PHONE� 631,589.6353 630 JOHNSON AVENUE,STE 7 P.W. GROSSER CONSULTING ENGINEER& HYDROGEOLOGIST, RC. PWGROSSER.COM BOHEMIA, NY 11716 LONG ISLAND - M NHATT N ' - SARATOGA SPRING m SYRACU SE - S ATTL - SHELTON PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS 6.0 REFERENCES 1 Brookhaven National Laboratory, https://www.bnl.gov/weather/4cast/Month1.Precip.htm, Monthly Precipitation Records Since 1949,April 2021. 2 Camp Dresser McKee, Comprehensive Water Resources Management Plan for Suffolk County, Task 4.2 Hydrogeologic Framework,January 12, 2006. 3 CDM Smith, Subwatersheds Wastewater Plan Executive Summary, Suffolk County Department of Health Services,August 2019. 4 Freeze, R.A., Cherry, J.A., Groundwater, Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 1979. 5 National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/noaatidepredictions.htmI?id=8512668&units=standa rd&bdate=20160401&edate=20160430&timezone=LST/LDT&clock=12hour&datum=ML LW&interval=kilo&action=monthlychart 6 New State Department of Environmental Conservation, https://www.dec.ny.gov/docs/fish marine pdf/marralkmap.pdf, https://www.dec.ny.gov/docs/fish marine pdf/laurlkmap.pdf 7 Suffolk County Water Authority, Well Completion Reports and Monthly Pumpage Data (2010 to 2020)for Well Fields at Inlet Drive, Laurel Lake Drive, Sunset Drive— Mattituck, NY. 8 Suffolk County Water Authority, correspondence regarding water availability and connection status for private lots surrounding Strong's Yacht Center site, October 21, 2020. 9 United States Geological Survey, Delineation of Areas Contributing Groundwater and Travel Times to Receiving Waters in Kings, Queens, Nassau and Suffolk Counties, New York, Scientific Investigations Report 2021-5047, Reston,Virginia, 2021. 10 United States Geological Survey, https://ny.water.usjzs.jzov/maps/, Groundwater Conditions on Long Island. 11 United States Geological Survey, https://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/ny/nwislgwIeveIs, Groundwater Levels for New York, Monitoring Wells Used — S53325 3/4/1975 to 4/19/2021, S39269 3/30/1093 to 4/19/2021, S6558 6/21/2000 to 4/19/2021, S53333 3/4/1975 to 4/19/2021. 12 United States Geological Survey, Hydrogeologic Framework of Long Island, New York, Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-709, 1989. 13 United States Geological Survey, Hydrogeologic Framework of the North Fork and Surrounding Areas, Long island, New York, Water Resources Investigations Report 02- 4284, U.S. Department of Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Coram, New York, 2004. •• a ®® -®® P.W. GROSSER bSULTI NG ENGINEER& �iYDRO EOLOG€ T„ P.C, PWGROSSER,COM BOHEMIA, NY 11716 LONG ISLAND * MANHATTAN - SARATOGA SPRINGS « SYR US - SEATTLE . `HELT N PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS 14 United States Geological Survey, Hydrogeology and Hydrologic Conditions of the Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer System From Long Island, New York to North Carolina, Scientific Investigations Report 2013-5133, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, 2013. 15 United States Geological Survey, Simulated Effects of Pumping and Drought on Ground- Water Levels and the Freshwater-Saltwater Interface on the North Fork, Long Island, New York, Water Resources Investigations Report 03-4184, U.S. Department of Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston,Virginia, 2004. 16 United States Geological Survey,Simulation of Groundwater Flow in the Regional Aquifer System on Long Island, New York, for Pumping and Recharge Conditions in 2005-2015, Scientific Investigations Report 2020-5091, Simulation of groundwater flow in the regional aquifer system on Long Island, New York, for pumping and recharge conditions in 2005-15 (usgs.gov), U.S. Department of Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, 2020. RW. GROSSER CONSULTING, INC. PHONE� 631,589.6353 630 JOHNSON AVENUE,STE 7 P.W. GROSSER CONSULTING ray HYDROGEOLOGIST, RC. PWGROSSER.COM BOHEMIA, NY 117-16 LONG ISLAND - M NHATT N ' - SARATOGA SPRINGS m SYRACU SE - S ATTL - SHELT N PAG CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS FIGURES •• e s ® ® o sa- -®® . GROSSER CONSULTING, SHONE. 63 569,E - 0 JOHN ON AVENUE,STE P.W. GROSSER CONSULTING ENGINEER& HYDROGEOLOGIS'T, RC. PWGROSSER,,COM BOHEMIA, NY 11716 LONG ISLAND * MANH TTAN ¢ SARATOGA SPRINGS - SYRACUSE - SEATTLE - SHELTON Ma ck Inlet _ ES Long Island Sound - REF�Re��s� 1.. Brook.tia',ren,Natianal Laaorator,"', Month hi Predprtetion Records Since 1949,.April 2021. Inlet Dr,=. Oar Dre ser P�t�9kee 'o? rehanskc e� at r Raso�°,ryes" 'aa c �° rr^t P,yen 5.r s .€ ou'.nt ,?i s P _ ? ` arw'rt �eiaa eo, 1arurr`12, DSA 3 DDPv1 Smith, s��k a'�Pr Ow-YoSta; ter Pion Executive 5u ,mor~y, Suf'o k Dounty Depar mer�,t of ' r Health Sere ce_o.Ru a st2G1�. Sunset r f Fuze, .,Ot a.=x r,°J A.,�"rou dr�,rateer, Prentrce''Hal'l„,Inc.,Up per&add1e Ri�er:NeWJersey,19-79- 5 Nationa ateanograpHho and stmos he,'c A ministratfan„ i - tt s.,ail sardr�4 ®nts,r aW o*ari e ._d,tt s�.rs. .rr€I rd= 5 2 5 n $ nits stand rd d ,t SJfbn s Marin n -201504�,1,�,m�dat _2015!O3o�i�..R�t�zone_.LET°LDT&.�I�,m_6_12h�u€��°te urn-ML.L`�°r =rtt.t.r��6_iti,c 8 5 Ne•�.�� State Deparrrnerrt o� S.a���6iconrr-senral Oonserw"at=,.rn;. �.. .. -_ marine -df Ord"t�rraI�G;"Y'+a�..G G��t', i ;, .. .. p �J"®'n""e'�'r.s � ,z,r', e."Y'mz"�iEt'fi ri'arPne cdfn°"lair-krd`iapodf { I'trt 5,a 7 Suf o k Count Meter �.uthor ,=n '�" pietion Reports and Nlonthl •_ Well n P .. ' 13at ,2010 to 2e52D'for�a e I Fields.at Inlet Drivr� Laurel Lake Dr�.�re Sunset Drive-Mattltuck,NK y 3 Sufffo,k Daun T 4�atvrAut-.horiti,corre_,por,dence reaardingvru•ate eve Iab,%ity and connection status atti ck C k � for prig,°:�Iot_�srar:raa�ndin._Strang"s to .nt a�°enter Site,Cctober 21,2a32D.� .... i..rP'tVte€j rated Geological t1`r�,ti" Ela{':'at'a,n C Areas° t"rd'. r.'t,"o5` .P",7£F�a. e"a' ,r ta:�d 7-cLet�1 T:ePr,s g 4,, ', .o Rece��v,irr, Waters a�,n ,°ngso queens, °,�aa�� sa,r� S�+�'o�'s'c Counties, z 'er°u Lark, Scientific , /� Investigations RepMrt 2021-507, Reston,��sr ;nla,2rJ21n � . �} 20 United States Se�l�wcal Surrey ��tt�_. r`ra��_crsates�::�a��s�o�y"�' a °`. Sroundwavar Dond`tions on Lin. Islan;d. 11 Unite States S l Kcal Sur ey,LttR�_�, � °is.v"atarUeta. � , : o n%,,r'€'w®��t" ° ',le���Ls,Groundwater New ' I r z>',11 ' EV ti352 5 Le°m9�cl_,,�;t��ev�, �`ork,, tS+Ionitorin�"v'�elRs Used-553325�,p'�a°S��5 ram, 3r2G• p �1�5�3r3Gar1G�33 V . to 4/1`?r'2D21,S6555.5�r21r°2 D to J1�31'202 , 53333 3r4j1525 to 4/19,A'2J21- 12, United.States Geological Survey,� H dry eoifo, is o=o't5a�'Fewor`k of L:ng lsldar�J New t'o r,k H` a�rzlogd` ',. �,ve b -a r s.�tra� A P 155 Laurel La 13 United -States Ge�oiogrsa`s Spar°e°r°, °gra, eoi gic F,ra ed o°r o d utipa,rt Fork ro 5ra a wa �;a ATrFasw !arid aszro,nu, erw'r��,aP�,'vN'ater Resources In°v�es`a,�,a�;o�ns??eport r32-sF2 Department of �,U.S. M�rratooka Lake ,� � � - ? ' Interior,LQ. .tie i i_aU Surv�ey�, aram,New York,2OG+ _ 14 United States Geolceical Saurvaq .. drn 'eoio and,H droho i Uo�to",�°leons of the Northern Ataahti Coasrm'R,ralr;A. u!"farS step �rrx cn Is:lara New York t.� "os* Casa°a iertrfic 'ate r _ -aurel Lake Dr -- ,� , In:rrestipbons Report"2t113-5133, U.S_Caedogzel Survey,Reston,`�"irginia,2023. r 15 Unlit States SIe:�I,c%wca1 S P ey,5,iv�ri.2ted Effects cf Fumphng dar,d Draug�7t oa urc.Ljnd-1,,Vorer ,.{ 1 i .a•' �, % Lleve6 an a`,E Frss"�h'�t1are,•-5a,1lr�"Gte'.r Int"�'f",��u�'?��a!t"s,"�,d�s nth Fork,.. 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I t a t' L el Lake Dr > ✓ se p� 64 t CVVA Well Fuld =, i Jar11 D' G'reek �� 001 ®ate j - �mo� C1 < `t PST"t / t Figure - Strong's Yacht CenterStrong' Groundwater Contours - Calibrated Mattituck,New York Scale:As Shown PAW CLIENT DRIVEN P.W.Grosser Project No.STR2001 -09/10/2021 SOLUTIONS Original grid Refined grid Spacing 100@ x 100A spacing 50" x 50' Mattitick ale iI In et Dr/ i .... � —� - � fi � i is � t l r � Dr o ;.. t t / Str,t4 's ine 1 a Figure 7 - Strong"s Yacht Center Groundwater Model - Grid Refinement PMX Mattituck, New York Scale:As Shown P.W.Grosser Project No.STR2001 -09/10/2021 CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS 1 2 Harbor'Hill Outwash 3 5 Ronkonkoma Drift 6 Lower Clay 7 Lower Drift 8 9' 10 Middle Magothy 11 12 Basal magothy', 13 Raritan 14 Lloyd Figure 8 - r 's Yacht Center Groundwater Model - Cross Sectional View - Sub-Layering Mattituck,New York PVVW Scale:As Shown CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS P.W.Grosser Consulting Project No.STR2001 -09/10/2021 SCWA Well Field Inlet or ----------- - — ------- .......... 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JI ,,•' 1 al , h I � 1 � i i � - I Qq Ao L0 0 feet a - - - j Figure 16a - Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model - Unexcavated Site with Particle Tracks Tracked Forward P%&CC Mattituck,New York j7 / Scale:As Shown P.W.Grosser Project No.STR2001 -09/10/2021 CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS - � V - El ry (V 41 " Zone Database Information X I Zone Database r Recharge Property lone Values stress Pe>7ad Plumber I (Recharge.+ETGnty) T )dz 9 3 plumber of Zones 1I} 1 rr Strong' Yacht Center I ✓ r ".,.._ ;, . r,. i T 1 0.0085 0 0 0 4) 0.010 0 0 0 w � 0 0 0 0 <: 0 0 0 0 0 2 Bj 5 �`- . 4 C 0 Q;5 1 � " 2. .f? .;. Limits of Sits �� �����: , Z.,0 4.� ,GP ,t I, ?_-: �„ " 4 t3 JK Cancel met HeIP ex Ca�lc�tECCCl . �.4, ,.. 0 3: _ 4.0 0 3A 3 T 4�0 �� r 53325 � - -xi I ��. 7 1 'yt LEGEND l `= �� ✓ �_ - / .0Groundwater Contour in ft AMSL NAVD 88 i f r Domestic WeH Public Supply Well 1 f e Lot Not Served by SCWA 1 t y 1 4 J t Figure 17 - Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model - Unexcavated Site with Particle Tracks Tracked Forward and Time postings Mattituck,New York JGC Scale:As Shown 4-�P.W.Grosser Project No.STR2001 -09/10/2021 CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS N K 1 tN1 d } = i Zone Database Information X -1. ', Zone Database Recharge Property Zone Values Stress Period Number 1 (Recharge/ET Only) 3,� Strong's acht Center Irr hlumberofZones 11} ,ia- j i 71 1 f 1 0.0085 0 0 0 0.010 t 0 0 0 -2,16 ""0 0 0 0 i Oa 5 Q z2 4.0 �.�o 0 o a �} Limits C3fGlt �1: � a� �' x.� ✓Q 10 10 o � . 40 ; .:• :.::. :.01 excavation = :.:.: % , ✓ :5 4,` JK Cancel' ' mow. v 4.f8,; / ✓ 3 43.,, 4 0 r�, /86 CV / -2, CV C~ -1,67 I i I � - ------ ---- ......-- � r . 4.( Groundwater Contour in tt L CRUD IS w� � 88 10 � ✓ ~' Domestic Well Public Supply Well Lot Not Served by SCWA tl Figure 17a - Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model - Excavated Site with Particle Tracks Tracked Forward and Time Postings Mattituck,New York Scale:As Shown - /I� P%&AX P.W.Grosser Project No.STR2001 -09/10/2021 �✓ CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUT11ONS attituck C� k nc ntr�,i Lang iii �,a l 1 �ir�iti cif Sits excavation 113 Harbor Hill Outwash }�yvvvv� 2 "�tC(..'i2i2�,tivlllllll;. 4 »„ ,.. �} 1 k i ? t�Fl e �Y 1 i t 4}t 7. 2Si 4 t IY`j � . l` UNION fij rt? 10 t? Itdl 41Ragothy �1 34a o r t ? 4 .SA. [: 14 11 Lloyd'', o Figure 18 - Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model Cross Section View - Saltwater Interface - Chloride Concentrations in Ib/ft3 - Unxcavated Site Mattituck,New York Scale:As Shown PVM CLIENT DRIVEN Lt.1MN P.W.Grosser Consulting Project No.STR2001 -09/15/2021 LEGEND ✓ ��3t y tf�it{ s „1 4.0 Groundwater Contour in ft AMSL NAVD 88 Domestic Well l Public Supply Well G. 92 Lot Not Served by �3 , f p` p i +� z r✓ ! ✓�Bid y m-, Strong's acht Center Irr Limits of Site G. exc' afion -1.73 �i Aj k 1 f / ,1 Figure 18a - Strong"s Yacht Center Groundwater Model - Unexcavated Site Chloride Concentrations - Layer 1 Mattituck,New York Scale:As Shown - P.W.Grosser Project No.STR2001 -09/10/2021 \✓ CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS ti _ -------- ----------------- LEGENC Ja,t yg 5 � •� ,„ � - 4.O Groundwater ContourIn ft ASS NAVD 8 Cu centratii i 1 Domestic WeH/Public Supply Well Lot Not Served by SCWA yt� SG} / G .92 / U Cn St 1 ..., 1� R / (V* Stron 's Yacht Center / ( j Irr / / t < � / r � t - _ - G. 7 / Limits of site excavation /,, / / S 53325 0.39 J � { 5 t jjj i - i , t ........... I�ti Figure 18b - Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model - Unexcavated Site Chloride Concentrations - Layer 2 Mattituck,New York Scale:As Shown 41V P%&CC LI N�DRIVEN SOLUTIONS P.W.Grosser Project No.STR2001 -09/10t2021 �✓ LEGEND Yt Cu centratin x . 03 Domestic Well I Public Supply Well Lot Not Served by SCWACV tx ` t;t tt j 5 i u , el' Stro tg's Yacht Center I - Limits of site excavation -------- 1 .35 t -. CD AU z ......... O'S ) w m 1 Figure 18c - Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model - Unexcavated Site Chloride Concentrations - Layer 3 Mattituck,New York / Scale:As Shown z/�v Pvvrjc P.W.Grosser Project No.STR2001 -09/10/2021 CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS }3tt I r✓ _ M3�b• LEGEND lti{ ttl F tS is,>;{ „£zi�✓�,�` �r £t£��✓✓S� a1 s� 4 �. 11�t t �ed.._ � .:- _._ 4.0 Groundwater Centaur in ft AMSL_ NAVD 8 � �, 4s✓£4`t1 t t Cucen ✓eta ,✓ �.>,t, tratj Domestic Well l Public Sully Utilel'I Lot Not Served by SCWA t ���✓✓` �' �✓ t � i / t3 _ _ t � F Syr✓ ✓✓€ Y����� . MINSt r ng's Yacht Center (rr r, £ ✓✓ i > L . , LiYTIltt 0j ���� --------------- i / I Q) ------------ ------------ ------- _ yg � it,., � ✓�tV w � aJ � ��.' mow, ta'` ✓�tii� its lti � i i 4 5, 1 / y tit✓£ ✓ MIN L(.�$ F '�.. ✓✓tit ' s t�� .,.a °a✓ � ��ti'r titm' ,' _ _ � _.. .. _. I i Figure 18d - Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model - Unexcavated Site Chloride Concentrations - Layer 4 Mattituck,New York Scale:As Shown 41V PVVW P.W.Grosser Project No.STR2001 -09/10/2021 V CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS Mlattituck Lirr�itS �f Sits �eCav�tit r� Long Island Sound _ 1 Conc ntratiG7 U Harbor Hill Outwash 2 t : Lower Clay t 1 3 t 4 I ~ 5 Lower Drift i t 4 �. ti � t f t ,r t1.c,f.��.`� �e 0' Mitll atcattty Y k t ti v , f 0:24 14 t.1• Lloyd Figure - i i - Saltwater Interface - Chloride Concentrations i / 3 - Excavated Site Mattituck,New York Scale:As Shown PVW CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS P.W.Grosser Consulting Project No.STR2001 -09/15/2021 LEGEND ... ................ CGn centratiai 4 i / 1 . rt�r�d�vr Contour in tt�tL � L� � ����}rsz � _ �i Domestic WeH 1 P biic Supply Well . 132 Lot Not Barged by SCWA1 1 .Sol J L. Strong's acht Center Irr \ , GAT Limits of Si excavation t1 '35 -1.74 1113 Figure " - Excavated Siteide Concentrations - Layer I Mattituck,New York Scale:As Shown P%NW P.W.Grosser Project No.STR2001 -09/10/2021 CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS - - - - LEGEND qM Ciancentratiai, �: #5z 4.0 Groundwater Contour Its tt AMSL NAVD 88 js i � 1 / 2 ESL Domestic Well I Public Supply Well . 92 Lot Not Served by 4r ✓' t� ry i ✓ 9 & ` O r I C9L jj��pp I Y y } z Stron s Yacht Center rr � 4 �. Limits of site i excavation ti I f i i j i ✓ 1 .1 �v ✓ ` i ��. r . m \( ...-I. �✓ v� �R,ffil - - Figure 19b - Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model - Excavated Site Chloride Concentrations - Layer 2 Mattituck,New York PVM Scale:As Shown - P.W.Grosser Project No.STR2001 -09/1012021 �✓ CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS r am ----------- LEGEND [ ��' } clancentratial 4.0 Groundwater Contour in ft AMSL I` AVD 88 GO f Domestic WelJ/ Public Supply Well i Lot Not Barged by SCWA ss}e d ` I G. Stro g's Yacht Center kit a Asa j G. 2 r s s - _ Limits of site 0 35 excavation sir � ;Ij J i { 1 l / r r r � a i n ° mA Figure 19c - Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model - Excavated Site Chloride Concentrations - Layer 3 Mattituck,New York / Scale:As Shown - PVVW P.W.Grosser Project No.STR2001 -09/10/2021 \✓ CLIENT DRIVEN S TU N t Y r t f ; } 3 a LEGEND .� --------- ..........................._ -. 4.0 Groundwater Contour in ft AM L C AVD 88 C Domestic Well d Pu llc Supply Well Lot Not Served by SCWA l;,tz s, l 0.32 i �s sit ........ EP t7 J 4 w Str g's Yacht Cent tr �\ S t a I / Limits of site }4 ;.,�•�t�3k� �t 4 S n .� I I ��• excavation r mow& t LM Ys y k v all _ t� Figure 19d - Strong's Yacht Center Groundwater Model - Excavated Site Chloride Concentrations - Layer 4 Mattituck,New York Scale:As Shown - PWW CLIENT DRIVENTtN P.W.Grosser Project No.STR2001 -09/10/2021 \✓ LEGEND D 4.4 Groundwater Contour 1n fit AMSL NAVD 88 Inlet Dr 1010 f) \ Domestic Well Pubhc Supply Well 1 ✓� Let Not Served by SCWA V — CWA Well FIel \ ✓ a ✓" /' Strong's Yacht Can rT Irr Limits of Site � ✓ cl� excavation -10 r 100 - - r ' - v Figure 20 - Strong"s Yacht Center Groundwater Model - Excavated Site - 16" Sea Level Rise Z4 PVM Mattituck,New York Scale:As Shown P.W.Grosser Project No.STR2001 -09/10/2021 \✓ CLIENT DRIVEN SOLUTIONS