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Home My WebLink About(1) EVERGREEN WALL REPORT DRAFT 11-3-2021 - FINAL.pdf Jeffrey T. Butler, P. E ., P.C. 206 Lincoln Street Riverhead, New York 11901 631-208-8850 Licensed Professional Engineer September 24, 2021 EVERGREEN MACRO GRAVITY RETAINING WALL SYSTEM FOR: STRONG'S YACHT CENTER 5780 WEST MILL ROAD, MATTITUCK, N.Y. The Evergreen Macro Gravity Retaining all System proposed by this office for the Strong's Yacht Center is a precast concrete retaining wall system that has a proven track record around the world for over 35 years. The wall system consists of numerous 16' modular units that stack together for form a cohesive retaining wall that gets planted to disappear into the environment. The precast concrete modular units are fabricated off-site (Bellport, New York) and shipped for assembly on-site. The modular units are easily handled and placed in pre-determined locations to lock together and create a wall with a safety factor of greater than 2.0, with 1.5 being the code minimum. Once in place and backfilled, nature plants the trays built into the wall to create a "green" wall over 2-3 years. The aesthetic and environmental characteristics of this wall system, combined with the design philosophy, make this wall system an ideal application for this project. For every Evergreen Wall system, strict quality control with continuous third party inspections for both the off-site fabrication and on-site installation are mandatory code requirements as well as Evergreen standard practice for achieving the design intent for safety factor, aesthetic beauty and job site safety. As part of the process, a shop drawing for each modular unit will be generated and approved by the Engineer of Record. There will be a continuous third party inspection process in place that will follow the shop drawings from off-site fabrication to on-site assembly, including rebar inspection and concrete testing. Passing of the 28 days concrete test is a mandatory requirement for shipping each modular unit for assembly on-site. In our initial investigation into using this retaining wall system, extensive soil borings were conducted to assure design compatibility with the native soils properties and ground water elevation. We have concluded that the design principles utilized for this gravity wall system are a perfect match for the Evergreen Macro Gravity Retaining all System. I have attached several documents from Evergreen Walls, Inc. that were prepared by Dr. Felix P. Jacklin, P.E. Dr. Jacklin is a principle at Evergreen Walls, Inc. and is widely acclaimed and highly honored within the industry. Our firm has been working with Dr. Jacklin on this wall for this site from the very beginning. His involvement will continue with design development followed by construction drawings and random inspections to support our continuous inspection process. The documents attached include: 1. Evergreen Brochure, which lists similar projects, including two on Long Island 2. Evergreen Retaining Wall Typical Section and Notes 3. Evergreen Retaining Wall Specifications 4. Evergreen Retaining all Minimum Design Requirements, Fabrication Requirements, Excavation Requirements, Site Preparation Requirements, Minimum Requirements for Transportation and Unloading and Minimum all Erection Requirements. OF NE' A Respectfully Submitted, Jeffrey T. Butler, P.E Attachments Recent Install at Huntington, New York es ......... 'k ATTACHMENT 1 M;0EVERGREEN@ EVERGREEN MACRO WALL The well proven EVERGREEN MACRO wall, has taken the EVER EEO technology to be the innovative wall leader: • EVERGREEN MACRO - Planted Retainingall along Blue Route, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania • At left a retaining wall, at center a free standing sound wall - both walls connect easily. • The big units (16 ft. long) handle easily for maximum efficiency: - for casting, - for handling, - for setting and - for filling Single Frame Evergreen Macro units combine any functions: a Stiff Structure,_. .. "' eT Gravity Wall, ' v Planting Tray, • Stacking jar Recesses for bigger Shrubs a r o r^ p „ , w v a � Swing Around Retaining Wall for Target Shopping Center in Huntington, Long Island, NY, Hmax.= 43 ft. E � vt 5, 1 Evergreen Retaining wall stops a Landslide South Africa - Retaining Wall in Medina, Saudi Arabia 01/04/14-].MACRO Brochure 01-04-2014.docx-2 4 �� a : d � � 4. •. ? ? i A 1-5 2'— 1/4'a., ..,.,.2,457 .; 1,9 D,47 8 `. 4'-6 1 ' 1,12 4=O- F 112" 5.724 5 6 1,4 F 7%0 -6 1 7 179 97 2,41 < rA 0 �,w M 9"-6 112 u, 7,662 11.0 2,72 9 1 1/2" 8,147 12,4 3,06 1 191- 11-6 1111'" ,631 117 1391 P 11'- 92' 1,2" 9,115 15,11 3,73 s, 1£ 12- 1 1r'2" 9,60 16.E 4.98 Design Table An excavator and three men set a unit in 3 minutes. Spring Street San Diego I- 2, for Calrans a �1� Ulm t 4 m . atick Shopping Center Retaining Wall, Boston Retaining Wall in Smithtown, Long Island, NY O1/04/14-1 MACRO Brochure 01-04-2014.docx-3 SPECIFICATIOSI and INSTALLATION Fabricate and deliver precast concrete units from the manufacturing plant to the site including transport for building retaining walls, separation walls beneath or above highways and railways and for bridge abutments, even for carrying bridge girders. The precast concrete units are made of high class standard 5000 psi standard compressive strength concrete BN 35 Mpa, with standard grade 60 reinforcing steel reinforcement type B450A and type B450C, or fc=412. Use epoxy coated reinforcing steel in marine environment. The actual retaining wall units are designed and dimensions selected for the local geotechnical conditions, the soil pressure loads, traffic loads, and foundation requirements for fulfilling the applicable codes: minimum safety factors against sliding, overturning, and bearing capacity. Not part of the unit delivery are: • Site surveying and geotechnical investigations. Evergreen Sound Wall at Brussels International Site longitudinal and transverse I sections, Airport® Drainage concept, scheme, specifications. t 60 ft., 18m high. Wall design calculations, typical sections. This is the highest sound • Wall elevations and plan views. wall ever built. • On site construction control supervision w on erection and filling and compaction. This wall protects the • Quality control and surveying. historical city Center of The wall structures must be fabricated and aventem from the erected according to the Evergreen blasting noise of starting fabrication, transportation, and erection airplanes and it proves to instructions. be extremely satisfactory. The contractor must have a NPCA quality control certification. 01/04/14-1 MACRO Brochure 01-04-2014.docx-4 - X� Sound wall in Ehrendingen, Switzerland - This dramatically changes a noisy neighborhood into a cozy, safe place. 011 f „sS Evergreen sound wall along the Motorway A-2 in Switzerland O1/04/14-1 MACRO Brochure 01-04-2014.docx-5 4 r Motorway A-51 near Grenoble, France Left: just after planting and Right: four years later , , ;,till' •o } R 1 i F f� nwt ,5. u'^s; .:ai„� ..�";'::1 ., ,.. •iS, ..b, r� '.4s 21. a: x�tkv` Smithtown, Long Island, Y: Left: After planting and ,:..x• Right: Two years later Conclusions: Planting works beautifully and increases quality of life and there is no place for graffiti anymore! 01/04/14-].MACRO Brochure 01-04-2014.docx-6 1 { 4 n Creek outlet improvements Evergreen Retaining Wall directly under British Columbia Rail Track Cassiar Connector, Vancouver, BC - numerous walls O1/04/14-].MACRO Brochure 01-04-2014.docx-7 1 h P aw, i tnt i 3" u 9 I n (f x f t 4 p r b vi. >. . v.`Si 9 A carefully planted Evergreen Wall in Japan The longest wall ever built: 9 Miles, 14 km (Separation wall to protect the bullet train from Paris to Kdln in Belgium) M� EVERGREEW' EVERGREEN WALLS, INC. .evergreen- alls.co MainOffice: 6069 Oakbrook Parkway, Norcross, Atlanta/Georgia 30093, USA, 770 8407060 Clay Warner Principal, Sales and Support, Cell: 404 372 5476, clay.warner@evergreen-walls.co Felix P. Jaeclin, Ph.D., PE, Inventor, Concepts, and Engineering Geissbergstr.46, CH-5408 Ennetbaden/Switzerland EVERGREEN Covvrleht2014 Phones +4156 222 0724, Cell +4179 356 0081 felix.jaecklin@evergreen-walls.com 01/04/14-].MACRO Brochure 01-04-2014,docx-8 MACRO » PRODUCTIN o ATTACHMENT 2 Evergreen Retaining and Sound Walls EVERGREEN Gravity Wall Design TOP OF SLOPE PINA Emin.Ty�� I Section and Notes AWAY FROM WALL SAFETY BERM 00 TOP OF WALL 2 mina I . , 88RM WILT i m MIR 1 WALL TTER�ry L 8.1 TO 4:1 ��` tn. �t FIRST UNIT TO RE FILLED WITH Mft 0, �a Of FREE DRPJNING MATERIALTO PREVENT WATER BACKUP ALL UNITS EREETE ON MORTAR aED AND TWO CONNECTING PINS 0 11 rrarra.4 ADD STIRRUP MIN.TWO 0 16 BARS COVERED WITH CONCRETE WEDGE IN FRONT 4F LOWEST UNIT TO INCREASE SAFETY NST FIND GRADE NN J ----GF—OTEXTILE t TT6NG PROVIDE CONCRETE FOUNDATION ON 25 CONCRETE,AND REBARS ` �% S f Lei �I EVERGREEN MACRO � , Isometric View DESIGNEVERGREEN MACRO SINGLE UNITS DIMENSION ooncrete earth fill total weight element lower upper wei th per volume per con rete+earth type width width element I element (design tat b ' , ft kips ctt.0 kipsperft 1.50 2.271 2A 7 1, 0.47 3.00 4.542 &240 4. 1-12,> Ic 4.00 5.542 5.724 5.6 1.4 D &00 &542 6.208 7,0 1.75 E 6.00 7.642 6693, 8.3Z08 F 7.00 8.542 7.17 .7 2.41 .00 9.542 7. 2 11.0 2,72 _00 1 42 &147 12.4 3.06` { 1O,00 11.542 8.631 1 J 3.39,' 11.130 1 . 42 115 151 3,73' fill poky 112t , ... Set of Evergreen Units: Imperial and Metric Lift per unit: 2.5 ft. , 0.75 m ('soft conversion') 6 9 Metric G Metric Imperial: L�L_I 0.86m - 2.46m 1.50m _ 3.10m t____,13.42rn ° 1.82m EVERGREEN ID G MACRO IMP. .;. J1. , �. �w_� , . . SIM: ,. MW r �.UC3 g� A7s tadN' min.requirem+ ti r r fCtr baG4C$11 j ti gar. s. u c � = 5 12 mire requiren ti ®� 18 for'subsoiI for #specific proje W, t3anannr:29�.i�F Standard set of Evergreen MACRO w ` 7' -°4.25�� 9"-3.G�(1, 3-C25.. 3 "m 11,5[7 i ATTACHMENT 3 E%�M EVERGREENO EVERGREEN WALLS, IN MainOffice: 6069 Oakbrook Parkway, Norcross, Atlanta, Georgia 30093, USA, 770 840 7060 Geissbergstrasse 46 - CH-5408 Ennetbaden - Switzerland Tel. +4156 222 0724 Cell +4179 356 0081 www.evergreen-walls.com,jaecklinfelix@netwings.ch EVERWALL RETAINING WALL SPECIFICATIONS 1. General a. Product's designated design consultant to prepare the design calculations of Everwall in accordance with the guidelines specified herein and as indicated on the Standard Detail Drawings. Submit design procedures as permissible variations other thon those contained herewith for approval to the Bureau of Design. b. The Everwall Retaining Wall design consultant takes full responsibility for the engineering theory, calculations, correctness, and ensuring all design assumptions are validated in the contract documents, either by needed details or construction specifications. C. Secure District Bridge and Geotechnical (Soils) Engineer's approval before incorporating (Everwall in on project, d. Limit Everwall Retaining Walls to wall heights as follows: Everwall Retaining Wall 43' 2. DeAign a. Provide at no expense to the Deportment four sets (three sets to District and one set to Central Office Bridge Division) of construction drawings (22"x34') (594x841), calculations, erection methods, and detailed erection calculations, evection methods, and detailed erection methods prior for approval. • Provide approved drawings, using Department drafting standards. • Show a professional engineer's seal licensed in Connecticut with valid signature in ink, the date signed, a business name and a business address on the first sheet of the design drawings, b. On the first sheets of the computations show a professional engineer's seal (Licensed in Connecticut), signature and the date signed. • Everwall Retaining Wall parameters and other limitations on fill height ore as per manufacturer's standard drawings. C. In the event that certain design parameters, stresses, or specifications are in conflict, the following order of performance governs: 1. Design requirements listed in "Special Drawings and Specifications' Design Requirements" of the special provision. 2. Design related strike-off letters in effect on the date of project advertisement. 21.Januar 2014 Everwall US Specifications and Erection.docx 1 3. DOT Design Manual on Structures. 4. DOT Design Standards. 5. AASHTO Standard LRFD Bridge Design Specifications (1998 Second Edition and approved Interim Specifications) d. In the event that a clear order of predominance cannot be established or a difference or a divergence in the interpretation of the design connote be solved, the Chief Bridge Engineer will arbitrate and make a final decision. e. Comply with the design criteria in Design Manual, the AASHTO LRFD Design Specifications for Highway ridges and as specified, subject to exceptions and /or additions under: "SPECIAL DRAWINCS AND SPECIAL DESIGN REOUIREMENTS". f. Bearing capacity and overall stability: Consider every Everwall module, 10' x until depth, acts as a rigid body in the determination of bearing capacity and overall stability with the follow resistance factors: • Bearing Capacity: 0.45 • Sliding: 0.9 • Overall Stability:. 0.85 (strength limit state) 0.65 (service limit state) 9. Do not change bottom of Everwall Foundation Unit elevation unless authorized by the District Bridge Engineer / Distinct Geotechnical (Soils) Engineer. h. Based on the field condition, provide • A 6" (152) diameter foundation drain into the two -foot (610) minimum width of select backfill, wrap select fill (not pipe) with Geotextile fabric, Class 1, behind the wall to improve drainage conditions. • Direct seepage from foundation drain to storm water conveyances or provide 4" (102) diameter weep hole at every Everwall unit with a 2 ft by 2 feet (610) No. 57 Coarse Aggregate wrap with Geotextile Class 2. Type A (Pub 408. Section 735). i. Place bottom of Everwall foundation Unit on a concrete foundation or on frost proof, compacted select fill material or at a minimum depth of 3 ft. (915) below the finished ground elevation. j. Place Everwall Foundation Units on a Class A Cement Concrete footing if Ever wall units ore to be used for the construction of bridge abutments. k. Provide a single faced concrete barrier in front of the wall (for traffic protection if required). I. Provide the following material for precast concrete walls: • Minimum 28 day strength of concrete, fc = 5.000 psi (34.5 MPa). • Chamfer all exposed edges 1" x 1" (25x25) except as noted. • Reinforcement Bars: - Grade 60 reinforcing steel bars that meet the requirements of deformed billet - steel bars (ASTM A615), or low alloy deformed bars (A706). - Do not weld Grade 60 reinforcing steel bars unless specified. 21.Januar 2014 Everwall US Specifications and Erection.docx 2 - Grade 40 reinforcing steel bars may be substituted with a proportional increase in cross sectional area. • Steel Welded Wire Fabric: AASHTO M55 (ASTM 185) • Epoxy coating (when indicated), ASTM A884/AB84M. Type 1 M. Modify the top unit of Everwall panel by the following options if required to match the finished ground surface: • Extend front -face panel of bock wall unit for the height varying from 0' to 3'- 6" (1066). • Saw cut standard Ever wall Unit by boxing out the vertical panels and front face panels of Everwall unit in the mold to cast triangular faced precast units, or cast 2' (600) high or 3' (900) high Everwall Unit with front faced panel extension with height varying from 0' to 3'-6" (1066) maximum. n. All dimensions for metric unit ore in millimeter unless otherwise noted. Metric mm (millimeters) units are in parentheses. • Either all metric or all English values must be used on plans. • Metric and English values shown may not be mixed. 21.Januar 2014 Everwall US Specifications and Erection.docx 3 CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS for EVERWALL RETAINING WALL I. DESCRIPTION • This Work is the designing, furnishing, and erecting of Everwall Systems used as retaining walls. • These systems, some of which ore propriety, consist of precast concrete units erected to form a gravity retaining wall. 11. MATERIAL a. Provide materials and workmanship in accordance with Publications, and as specified herein. b. Everwall Units. Furnish precast wall units in Accordance with Section, except provide concrete for precast wall units having a 28-day minimum compressive strength of 5'000 psi (34.5 MPa) when tested in accordance common concrete standards. Place reinforcement and handling devices. to the dimensions and tolerances indicated or as approved by the Engineer, prior to casting. 1. Testing and Inspection - Acceptability of the precast wall units will be determined on the basis of entrained air contend testing of the concrete mixture, compressive strength testing, and visual inspection. • Furnish facilities for the Department to perform all necessary sampling and testing in on expeditious and satisfactory manner. • Acceptance will be as herein specified. • Acceptance of Everwall units with respect to compressive strength will be based on the results of production lot testing. • A production lot is defined as the wall units represented by one day's production. • Four cylinders per foot will be selected in accordance with PTM No. 601. • Cylinder specimens will be cured with the product and tested in accordance with PTM No. 611. • Acceptance will be based on compliance with the requirements of Sections 714.4(b) and 114.7(0), except the 101 compressive strength will be determined as the average of the compressive strength testing of 2 cylinders and no individual test result may be below 3400 psi (23 MPa). • Acceptance with respect to visual inspection will be based on compliance with the requirements of Section 713.2(d). • In addition. precast wall units may be rejected for color or texture variations of the front face due to excess form oil or other causes. • Completed Everwall units will be inspected before shipment, and cracked, damaged, or otherwise unsatisfactory units will be rejected. • Properly patch all excessive voids and other defections on exterior surfaces in accordance with the approved Quality Control Plan. • Repairs and repair procedures require the approval of the Engineer. 21.Januar 2014 Everwall US Specifications and Erection.docx 4 • Mark rejected precast units with the words "Rejected for Deportment Use" using waterproof point. 2. Forms - Construct forms of steel in a manner that assures the production of uniform units, and leave forms in place until they can be removed without damage to the unit. • Replace damaged forms or forms having a deteriorated surface. 3. Mixing and Placing Concrete - Mix and deliver concrete as specified in Section 704. • For transporting, placement, and consolidation of concrete, use methods that will prevent segregation of concrete. • Use methods that will prevent segregation of concrete materials and displacement of steel reinforcement from its proper position in the form. • Do not place concrete when ambient temperature or below 40 degrees Fahrenheit (5 degrees Celsius) or oboe 100 degrees Fahrenheit (38 degrees Celsius). • Do not use admixtures containing chlorides. 4. Casting - Carefully place concrete in the forms and vibrate sufficiently to produce a surface free from imperfections such as honeycombing. Segregation, or cracking. • Use clear form oil from the same manufacturer throughout the entire production of units. 5. Finish - Provide a conventional surface finish unless otherwise indicated. • When a special or decorative surface finish is required, display for approval a typical sample of the precast unit, showing the color, the texture, the end finish intended to be used prior to standard production of units. 6. Curing - Cure units in accordance with Section 714 and the approved QC for the period of time required for the concrete to obtain the specified minimum compressive strength. • Control curing unlit! a compressive strength of 3.400 psi (2.3 MPa). 80% fc', is achieved. 7. Tolerance - Manufacture all units within the following tolerances: • General dimensions, position of lifting devices within 1 inch (25); (other dimensions within 1/4 inch (5). • Unit dimensions: Not to exceed 1/2 inch (13) as determined by length and transverse width near the legs. • Unit surface finish: Not to exceed 1/4 inch (6) on smooth formed surface measured over a length of 5 feet (1500). • Location of reinforcement steel: Cover tolerance; Minimum 1/4 to + inch (6 to 13). Otherwise within plus or minus 1/2 inch (13). • CI ACI 117. (Others not specified). 21.Januar 2014 Everwall US Specifications and Erection.docx 5 S. Marking - Cleary scribed or point with waterproof point on the interior surface of each unit the date of manufacture, lot, production number, piece mark. and QC inspection date, and stamp. 9. Handling, Storing, and Shipping - Handle, store, and ship all units in such a manner as to eliminate the danger of chipping, cracking, fracture, excessive handling stress, • Do not ship units until the 28-day minimum compressive strength is attained. • Provide 24-hour advance notice of loading and shipping schedule. • Repair or replace only unit damaged during handling. Transporting. , or backfilling. or on)' unit that cannot be placed satisfactorily in the in accordance with the approved Quality Control Plan. (c) Cement Concrete: Section 704. Use Class M Cement Concrete far single face barrier, backwall, check walls, capping, curbs, parapet, barriers, and moment slab, and Class A Cement Concrete fore cast-in-place footing, beam pedestals end abutment cap beams, if required. (d) Reinforcement Bars - Grade 60. Section 709.1(a)l, except No. 3 (No. 10) stirrup bars may be Grade 40. • Provide epoxy coated reinforcement bars, as specified in Section 709.1(c), for cast-in-place or precast single face concrete barrier, and precast wall unit if indicated and specified. (e) Steel Welded Wire Fabric - Section 7093. (f) Joint Filler • For Expansion Joint Material - Section 705.1 • For Horizontal Joints: - Provide a thin quick set mortar meeting the requirements of Section 100,1.2(d) on the full contact surface of precast concrete units and the footing, if required, where the Everwall Foundation Units are placed. - For joints under the first unit: Provide a joint filler consisting of 1/3 sand, 1/3 cement on 1/3 water and accelerator. For joint exceeding 3/4 inch: mix a 'dry pack' or rather stiff consistency. (g) Granular Fill Material for Everwall its • Provide the granular fill materiel to meet the following requirements for the Gradation as determined by AASHTO - T27: Sieve size Percent passing 3 inches (75) 100% No 200 (77mu m) 10-25% • Granular Fill Material for Everwall: Type 2A Material - Section 703 • Granular Fill Material for MSE wall with Everwall units (using geogrid reinforcement) Sieve Size Percent Passing 3 inches (75) 100% 21.Januar 2014 Everwall US Specifications and Erection.docx 6 3/4inches (19) 20-100% No. 40 (450 mu m) 0-60% No 200 (75 mu m) 0-5% (h) Select Borrow Excavation • Structure Backfill as shown on the Standard Everwall Drawings. (i) Structural Foundation Drains - Section 610.2(0). (j) Geotextiles - Class 1 and Class 2. Section 735. (k) Aggregate • Coarse Aggregate No. 5 - Section 703.2. • Coarse Aggregate No. 57 - Section 703.2. • Coarse Aggregate No. 2RC - Section 70.3.3. (1) Styrofoarn • ASTM e578. Type I, except limit the water absorption to 2% by volume. (m) Waterproofing - Sector 680 (n) Close Cell Neoprene Sponge - Section 1107.02 (n) 1. (o) For Corner Connection • Expansion Bolts - Section 101 7.2(h) • Carbon Steel Bent Plate - Section 1105.02(0) • Galvanizing - Section 1105.02(s) (p) For M.S.E. Wall Construction • Reinforcing Mesh. Galvanizing - ASTM A82, A 185 and Section 1105.02(s) • Clevis Loop, Galvanized - ASTM A82. A 185 and Section , 105.02(s) • Connector Bar. Galvanized - ASTM Aa2, Section 1105.02(5) • Reinforcing Strips Galvanized - ASTM A5 72. Grade 65 and Section 1105.02(s) • Everwall Tie Strips - ASTM A570. Grade 50 and Section 1105.02(s) • H.S. Bolt. Galvanized - Section 110502(d)3 and Section 110S.02(s) 21.Januar 2014 Everwall US Specifications and Erection.docx 7 III. CO Tnt=TIO SPECIFICATIINS FO EVERWALL RETAINING WALL SYSTEM (a) Shop Drawings. • Prior to fabrication, submit and obtain approval for shop drawings. • Show complete fabrication details and dimensions. • As well as handling, transportation, and construction procedures for all Everwall units. (b) Excavation and Foundations. • Grade The structure foundation level, or • Indicate slope for the width required or as indicated in accordance with Section 203. • Prior to wall construction. except where constructed in rock, compact the foundation with a smooth wheel vibratory roller. • Remove any foundation soils found to be unsuitable and • replace it with granular material 2RC or directed. • Excavate in accordance with Section 204, • To the limits and construction stages indicated. • Do not begin wall erection until the foundation has been approved. • Construct the concrete leveling pad or footing or • Construct No. 57 coarse aggregate leveling pad as indicated and specified in applicable portions of Section 1001.3. to the dimensions and details indicated and within the right-of-way, prior to placement of precast wall units. • Construct in conformance with the grades and cross slopes indicated. • Place the bottom of the footing or the bottom of Everwall Foundation Unit at a minimum depth equal to prevailing frost depth but not less than 3 feet (915) below finished ground elevation. unless otherwise indicated. (c) Wall Erection. 1. Install Everwall units as shown on the approved shop drawings and in compliance with the lines and grades as indicated. • Erection of units typically should begin or the lowest elevation and proceed laterally along the wall length. • Where the wall meets a fixed structure or a critical location, such as a bend point, erection should begin or that point, provided the site configuration is suitable. • Set Everwall units of the front faces in line with the plan layout of the structure. • For vertical walls set the front faces of walls in vertically. • For battered walls set Everwall units at the batter rate of the structure using an engineer's level. 21.Januar 2014 Everwall US Specifications and Erection.docx 8 • Adjust first level of units using small wooden wedges or shims. • Do NOT use plastic shims or metal shims, because they never transfer the load to the mortar beds. • Adjust first level of units to proper wall batter within 1/8 inch tolerance for easing erection of upper units. Take special care to set first layer of units to true line and grade for that reason. • Push 'dry' fast setting mortar under the legs to ensure proper and extended contact surface area or use ample amount of fast set mortar. • Gauge vertical joint width with a flat piece of wood to prevent damaging the units while setting. 2. Install Foundation Drain behind the wall as indicated or as shown on the approved shop drawings. 3. Special Handling of Units • Use long suspension gear with minimum angle of 1: 1 = 45 degrees or steeper. • Use special gear with 4 point equal suspension for stripping element from mold, never 2 or 3 points only. • Use 4 point suspension for any later handling or hang units at transverse beams. • Prepare three point stock pile wooden pads in yard and on site to ovoid twist and creep in green concrete units. 4. Erection of Wall its • Use wooden sticks or similar tools to push joint filler under the bearing surfaces of the first Everwall unit, including the front leg after careful shimming of the first Everwall unit to proper elevation and exact wall batter. • Place other levels of Everwall units: on a thin quick set mortar on the full contact surface, Use dowels or connecting shear blocks to prevent dislocation, except for three(3) top rows and except Everwall Units cast face down, i.e. with (exact) steel formed contact surfaces. • Use Geotextile. Class 2. Type A, to bridge the joints between the Everwall Units to the front face of units to prevent erosion. 5. Corners • Where walls join to on angle. Produce to saw-cut modified units corner use corner inserts of precast units or cast-in-place concrete units to provide neatly joined corners preventing fill erosion. If corners ore foreseen Then start erection at the corner and proceed away from 11. wherever possible. • Where a wall is curved in plan view to a radius of less than 100 feet (30'000), provide special elements or saw-cuts made where necessary, to ensure that the gap between two elements does not exceed 1 inch (25mm) or additional joint ports ore to be added to bridge the gap (thin pieces of non-corrosive material). 21.Januar 2014 Everwall US Specifications and Erection.docx 9 (d) Backfilling 1. Compact fill backfill material inside of units and within a zone of 4 feet (' 200) to a minimum of 90% and 0 maximum of 95% dry density as determined by ASTM Test 01557. • Do not over compact 10 ovoid damage 10 units. • Fill and compact each unit with specified backfill material in equal lifts of each successive course of precast wall units. • Do not overfill Everwall Units. 2. Place structure backfill material behind the wall within the limits shown 00 the Standard Drawings. as indicated or as directed. • in accordance with the requirements of Section 1001.3 (t). • except the 10-doy waiting period is not required. • Limit the placement of the structure bockfi!1 in maximum II-inch (305) thick lifts and • compact to a minimum 90% or to maximum 95" of maximum dry density • as determined by ASTM Test 1557 with 4 feet (1220) from the backside of the wall. • Do not use heavy equipment in this area. • Compact structure backfill beyond 4 feet (1220) from bock of wall units in accordance with Section 1001.3 (1). 3. it up the Everwall its and backfilling simultaneously to ensure that the elevation of the fill behind the wall and the fill within the units do not differ by more than 30 inches (762). • Fill the units first and behind the wall second to prevent the units from sliding, • At the end of each day slope the last level of backfill away from the wall in order to direct runoff away from the wall face. • In addition do not allow surplice runoff from adjacent areas to enter the wall construction site. 4. Do not disturb the alignment of the Everwall units during backfilling and compaction operations. • Remove and replace any wall materials which become damaged during backfill placemen. • Correct any misalignment or distortion of the wall units due to placement or backfill. S. Compaction Requirements • Unless otherwise specified by soils report ensure compaction within the Everwall unit framework to a minimum of 90% relative compaction per ASTM 01556 • Compaction tests shall be taken at the center of the Everwall units, approximately third of the distance from the back. 21.Januar 2014 Everwall US Specifications and Erection.docx 10 6. Tolerances of Finished Walls The finished front face of the wall shall be as shown on the project plans, within the following tolerances: (1) Variation in any course: • Not more than 1 inch (25) variation from 1 foot (300) straight edge. (2) Relative position of adjacent in any one course in plan or elevation: • Within 1 inch (25) of true alignment. (3) Variation in front batter slope from design slope: • + or - 1 inch (25) of true alignment (4) Variation within batter slope • Not more than 1/2 inch (13). From a 10 foot (3050) straight edge. (5) Variation from plane surface along the wall for straight walls: • Not more than 1/2 inch (13) from a 10 foot (3050) straight edge. (6) Opening of gaps between elements: • + or - 2 inches (52) except in curved areas + or - 4 inches (104). (e) Technical Assistance • Arrange for a company representative to be present at the project site to assist the fabricator, Contractor. and Engineer until they are familiar and confident in casting, installation, and erection procedures. • Arrange for monthly visits to the project site by a company representative and or engineer during wall construction. • Provide a technical representative to assist in the event unusual problems or special circumstances arise. MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT Everwall Retaining Wall System - Square Foot or (Square Meter) measured along the slanted wall face from the top of foundation to the top of the highest unit measured along the slanted face if battered. 21.Januar 2014 Everwall US Specifications and Erection.docx 11 EVERGREEW EVERGREEN WALLS, • 9 Oakbrook Parkway, Norcross, Atlanta, Georgia 30093, USA, 770 840 7060, Fax 770 840 7069 Geissbergstrasse 46, 5408 Ennetbaden, Switzerland, Phone +4156 222 0724 Cell +4179 356 0081 www.evergreen-walls.com ATTACHMENT 4 Minimum Design1. 2. Plans,, Specifications and Notes 3. Fabrication 4. Site Preparation 5. Excavations and Foundations 6. 1on,, Unloading., and Stockpiling 7. Wall Erection S. Material Specifications These Everwall Minimumit address the various activities separately, so separate sheets of it are ready for distributingdesigner, the manufacturer, r r i crew, erection crew. The typical sections sometimes refer to this paper as `Everwall Erection Instructions'. 11. Dezember 2013 Min. Everwall Requirements.docx- Page 1 EVERGREEW EVERGREEN WALLS, • Minimum DESIGN Reauirements The following design instructions must be fulfilled for Everwall retaining wall projects: MINIMUM SAFETY FACTORS r permanent loads SF minimums are: Code minimum Evr II min. Some DOT min. SF sliding = min. 1.5 - 1.6 min. min. 1.5 SF overturning = min. 1.5 - 1.8 min. min. 2.0 SF bearing capacity (full) = min. 2.0 min. (min. 3.0*) Everwall requests r ll to increase ii i levels set. Experience shows, that the extra safety margin is of negligible additional cost. * 3.0 is minimum for the (outdated) simple bearing capacity formula. The new AASHTO code uses set coefficients for additional issues. For this conservative approach min. is 2.0. For exceptional surcharges including seismic loading the safety factors are: SF sliding = min. 1.2 (DIN = German code) SF overturning = min. 1.3 SF bearing capacity = min. 1.3 (DIN) 11 friction angle deltac f the wall - Normally delta is 2/3 of phi for contact of soil against concrete. Since the back of an Everwall retaining wall is 53% concrete to soil and the remainder is soil against soil, the average wall friction theoretically is delta = 0.842 phi. For this reason the standard wall friction used is delta = 0.75 phi Watch r rare s - If the subsoil is deep clay, prone to long term consolidation under the load of the heavy gravity wall, the subsequent settlement of the wall itself may cause sliding of the wall along its back downward. Of course this effect reverses the standard wall friction and it may mean zero delta or even a negative delta value, up to delta = minus phi. It is easy to design for, the wall will be much heavier and costlier. equivalent fluid rs r is an American design method as found in the Navy Design Manual. There it is specifically pointed out that this method is for short walls only. Experience shows that too many designers are using that method and then use it even for seismic design, which ends up with extremely heavy gravity walls. EQP-method should therefore be abandoned and replaced by more rational methods such as Coulomb. No cohesion r backfill - Professional rules and experience show that the development of cohesion in an artificial fill is not possible, except for a minimum cohesion of 0 - 0.08 ksf = 0 - 4 k /m2. Thus using cohesion in a backfill is not quite appropriate. The exceptions are cuts in rock or firm clay, provided the gap between the back of the wall and the cut is less than 18 inches = 0.45 m. Otherwise the silo pressure build up in the gap is bigger than active earth pressure. 11. Dezember 2013 Min. Everwall Requirements.docx- Page 2 EVERGREEW EVERGREEN WALLS, • Minimum Requirements for PLANSL SPECIFICATIONS and NOTES These are minimum requirements for plans, specifications, and notes for Everwall retaining wall projects: Typical Section - Each offer, bid or wall design including set of drawings for final projects must include a typical section showing the main features of an Everwall retaining wall and notes explaining specifications and erection instructions. (That is what they look at). Soil Parameters - Final drawingsit parameters used for design calculations, for backfill, and for subsoil. Then only the site supervisor can evaluate whether the materials seen on site are within design or worse. If he is not familiar with evaluating soils for friction angle he must call the soil engineer. That is a professional approach, which is encouraged by giving full design information to the site engineer. Geology - A note on the drawings should say: 'Soil properties as found on site must be conveyed to design engineer for checking final design calculations.' Wall designs based on assumed soil parameters use the following sticker or stamp: preliminary t for construction, pending confirmation ofit properties . This note clearly indicates that natural variations of soil properties are not within the risk of the engineer. It also means that in case of subsoil changes the wall design has to be revised and a change order entitles for extra payment. Drainage: Remember the three most important issues in retaining walls are drainage and drainage and drainage, i.e. - Drainage of runoff water on the backslope, - Drainage on the excavation face and - Drainage pipe at the heal of the wall. Drawings have to show such drainage facilities, such as water diversion at the top of the wall, geotextile cover over the excavation face, a drainage pipe at the heal of the wall and free draining material within one foot of the first unit. Drawings: - Prepare Everwall retaining wall elevation and plan view showing # of stacks - Prepare typical section and various wall sections showing each unit - Each stack must be numbered and each unit must be specified by a letter - Specialty units are to be numbered: stack #, unit type and layer # - Arrow to indicate 'starts erection here' for lowest foundation or corner - Prepare foundation plan view with dimensioning for layout - Prepare foundation reinforcing drawing. 11. Dezember 2013 Min. Everwall Requirements.docx- Page 3 EVERGREEW EVERGREEN WALLS, • Minimum FABRICATION Requirements These are minimum requirements for fabrication of Everwall units CONCRETE QUALITY - Concrete quality requirement for Everwall retaining walls is 5000 i = 35 MN/m2compressive strength of concrete after 28 days. Walls along highways where road salts are used must be made using air entrainment for salt resistant concrete. SPACERS - A very large number of spacers are necessary to ensure proper concrete cover of steel reinforcing, minimum 1"1/4 — 30 mm. Walls erected a long time ago indicate that on certain products this requirement was not observed carefully showing bad corrosion. Thus concrete cover is a crucial point for long term quality performance of Everwall retaining walls. Some states require even more concrete cover. STRIPPING OF UNITS FROM MOULDS - Stripping of the units is the hardest moment in the lifetime of Everwall units. Special care must be taken to avoid any torsion stresses on the unit by having one corner still sticking. STOCKPILING - The green units should be cured by keeping them away from cold temperature, from wind, and from direct sunshine for at least one day by keeping them inside the fabrication hall or covered with plastic covers. Units must be stored on a solid yard, leveled and firm, using shims to adjust support within ± 1/16" — 1.5 mm using an engineers level. A newer and very efficient method is to stack units on 3 points using wood pieces: Two under one leg, one at the center of the other leg preventing twist and distorted units during curing. MAXIMUM NUMBER OF CRACKS - The Everwall license agreement allows for a maximum of 5 fissures on 100 units installed on site. Many precasters demonstrated that this requirement is fulfilled regularly. ERECTION INSTRUCTIONS - Each offer, bid, set of final drawings and each first delivery of units to site must also include Everwall erection instructions. This requirement is to reduce product liability and to help the others involved to understand the special requirements from the beginning. SITE INSTRUCTIONS AND SUPERVISION - The Everwall representative must visit the site at the day of first delivery of units for bringing an extra set of erection instructions as a legal requirement and for teaching the crew he handling of Everwall units for stockpiling, erection, adjusting, filling and backfiring. This is to have the field crew know about Everwall, learn about the tricks and hints and feel comfortable working with the big units and produce a lot at quality standards. PREFABRICATORS RESPONSIBILITY - Many of these activities seem outside of the standard duties of the prefabricator. However the correct handling of the units in all phases brings the precaster and the Everwall retaining wall system the success needed. The clients do not order concrete units, they order a 'system' ithelp to make sure 11 goes well. 11. Dezember 2013 Min. Everwall Requirements.docx- Page 4 EVERGREEW EVERGREEN WALLS, • Minimum SITE PREPARATION Requirements The following site preparationsare necessary before shipping Everwall units to site: 1 - Confirm soil properties to design engineer for final checking of safety factors. 2 - Have final erection drawings approved by authority as appropriate. 3 - Have engineer confirm adequate safety factors for sliding, overturning and bearing capacity. 4 - Possibly have engineer provide slip circle analysis. 5 - Check foundation drawing for layout and space available. 6 - Determine excavation sequence and drainage with soil engineer. 7 - Erect foundations and drainage. 8 - Discuss tentative site schedule and Everwall transportation plan with precaster and transport. 9 - Have large enough excavator machine on site capable for handling of heavy units and for reach required. 10 - Order Everwall units as needed on site, preferably 2 or 3 days in advance. 11 - Prepare tools and materials as listed in erection instructions below. 11. Dezember 2013 Min. Everwall Requirements.docx- Page 5 EVERGREEW EVERGREEN WALLS, • Minimum EXCAVATIONS AND FOUNDATIONS, Requirements The following minimum requirement applies for excavations and foundations: Excavation: excavationThe the sizei is to be determined r together with the soil engineer depending on the geology local soil conditions, the size of the excavation needed and the year's . - In case of unstable soil conditions the excavation can be limited to a minimum of 20 to 40 feet for just one or two stacks of Everwall units. Thus excavation, foundation and wall erection takes only a few days during which the excavation must be able to remain open. - Prepare necessary precautions to prevent slope failures, such as drain surface water away from the top of the wall area, drain foundation water away - Have the soil engineer approve the foundation subsoil. Foundations - Check foundation subsoil and backslope material for accordance with design parameters. If conditions are worse than anticipated new design calculations and changes of certain foundations and wall sections are needed. - Prepare formw rk and reinforcing for concrete foundations - Concrete foundations using a wooden triangle for measuring slant of foundation. - Tolerance for top of foundation is plus zero,, minus " to 1"= 10 to 30 m . - Place stirrup in front of leg before concrete has hardened to provide sliding resistance. 11. Dezember 2013 Min. Everwall Requirements.docx- Page 6 EVERGREEW EVERGREEN WALLS, • Minimum Requirements for TRANSPORTATION, UNLOADING, and STOCKPILING The following are the minimum transportation requirements for Everwall units: - Everwall units are delivered on truck accessible sites by tractor - trailer - Wood pieces nailed onto the trailer avoid shifting of load during transport. - Units must put on pieces of wood and be tied down firmly to avoid bouncing and damaging. Three points loading is good for avoiding twist in units, yet possible over-topping must be kept in mind. - Before unloading units must be checked for fabrication and or transportation damages. - Any units not fit for erection must be reported immediately for shipping back. Later claims are not acceptable. Even minor fissures must be reported. - For unloading a hydraulic excavator is used, the same used for earthwork and erection of wall. A truck waiting time of two hours is included in the delivery price. Additional waiting is charged on the standard hourly fee. - Normally the units are unloaded directly onto foundations or onto the wall without intermediate stockpiling. To do that truck and excavator advance one stack at the time. - The Everwall units are handled using long slings or using a beam with chains and pins to be inserted into the side of the Everwall legs or cables and threaded loops to be screwed into the threaded sockets on top of the units. The manufacturer rents out slings or other appropriate hanging equipment. The slings have reinforced sections for reducing damage to the units and to the slings. - Intermediate stockpiling and on site is to be eliminated as much as possible for reducing cost and for avoiding damages to the units. - If such stockpiling should be necessary special care is needed to avoid twisting of units. Thus units cannot be placed on soft soil; they must always be placed on wooden beams. The new alternative is to stockpile units on three pieces of wood, one of the pieces being placed exactly at center of units to avoid twist. - Any stockpiling must be on level and firm ground. - Maximum height of stockpiling is 5 units in any case. 11. Dezember 2013 Min. Everwall Requirements.docx- Page 7 EVERGREEW EVERGREEN WALLS, • Minimum WALL ERECTION Requirements The following minimum requirements apply for Everwall retaining wall erection: Preparation - Wall erection cannot start without having Everwall retaining wall erection instructions on site and having oral instructions by the Everwall representative, except for contractors AND crew with prior experience with Everwall retaining walls. - Before unloading and or starting erection all units must be checked for possible fabrication or transportation damages. - Any units not fit for erection must be reported immediately for shipping back. Later claims are not acceptable. Even minor fissures must be reported. - For unloading a hydraulic excavator is used, the same used for earthwork and erection of wall. A truck waiting time of two hours is included in the delivery price. Additional waiting is charged on the standard hourly fee. - Before starting erection foundations must be totally completed including stirrups placed in front of the units and including marks placed on top of foundations to indicate 'toe' of wall. - Tolerances for accepting foundations are plus zero and minus 10 to 30 mm = 1/2" to 1", thus ample tolerance, yet foundations should never be too high. - Tolerance for placing Everwall units is + 1/8" = 3 mm for the first range of units and + 1/4" to 1/2" = 5 to 10 mm for upper units. Erection - The first layer of Everwall units is placed onto foundations, and then shimmed using small wooden wedges placed on the side of the legs. Simultaneously the units are adjusted with each other for straight alignment. - Wedges must be made of wood to rot away after some time, passing the load over to the mortar gradually. Shims made of plastic or steel do not have that ability and are not allowed. - Check proper wall batter using a plywood triangle with side length 4 ft. and 1 ft. for 4:1 - Then dry pack (fast set, non shrinkage mortar) is pushed under the legs using a piece of wood. Additional mortar is placed in front of the lowest leg to cover the stirrup placed into the foundation to ensure additional sliding resistance. - For walls with foundation at differing levels, erection must start at lowest foundation level. This allows for adjustment of neighboring stacks. For walls with corners erection must start at the corner for adjusting. - For walls with several such constraints ALL FIRST UNITS must be placed and shimmed and at foundation steps a second unit must be placed. Then all units are adjusted to wall batter to alignment and to each other, and then 11. Dezember 2013 Min. Everwall Requirements.docx- Page 8 EVERGREEW EVERGREEN WALLS, • underpinned with mortar. The second units (temporarily erected in corners with foundation steps) must then be removed for filling and backfilling of first units. - All joints between Everwall stacks are covered using a piece of geotextile, about 6" wide for erosion protection. - Certain projects call for shear blocks, for earth beams or for extension beams. Such pieces must be erected before continuing erection of Everwall units. - Before stacking next Everwall unit a continuos layer of rather liquid mortar is placed on top of each leg. This eliminates load concentrations and subsequent spallin . - Such mortar beds on contact surfaces between Everwall units are not necessary in case of Everwall units cast face down, i.e. contact surfaces were formed by steel mold and contact surfaces are perfectly smooth. - For keeping the liquid mortar rather up front than in the back, the units are suspended using a longer hanger on one side for a slanted position slightly more than the wall batter. Earthill materials: - Remove debris and topsoil before backfilling. - The Everwall units are filled and backfilled layer by layer, directly after erection of each unit. Never stack more than one unit before filling (except for temporarily erected units for adjusting neighboring units across vertical foundation steps, see above). - Backfill behind the wall follows after filling of units to avoid shifting of empty units. This backfill and compaction is made is made in lifts not exceeding 2" = 0.3 - Fill and backfill shall follow erection of each course of elements with a berme behind the wall of minimum 10 ft. = 3 m wide and adjacent slope of max 2 : 1 if fill goes up faster or if wall goes up faster than backfill. - Fill material within precast Everwall units to be ordinary excavation material, provided the fill INSIDE the Everwall units is well compacted with a minimum average moist density of 112 pcf = 18 k /m3. - In projects with EXTENSION AND CROSS BEAMS: Fill and backfill material within the units and behind the units until the cross beam must be engineered fill fit to transfer lateral earth pressure loads from the back down into the foundation. Thus, this fill functions as part of the structural system and requires a shear resistant material, use select fill of a quality similar to MSE with steel reinforcement: High friction (phi' = min. 360), low plasticity (less than 150 fines, below 0.06 ), and high compaction (min. 95% relative density) and material on the dry side ( * = w opt + 1%, -2%). - In other projects ordinary borrow material is acceptable for fill inside and backfill, provided such material is not overly wet and well compactable and provided the individual project design does not specify otherwise. Thus friction angle after compaction is phi' = min. 320 at a moisture content max. + % off optimum. Fill material shall have max. 10 to 2 % fines (passing sieve # 200 = 0. 74 ); if fill contains 15 to 25% fines, then PL plastic limit must be below 6 and fraction 11. Dezember 2013 Min. Everwall Requirements.docx- Page 9 EVERGREEW EVERGREEN WALLS, • below 15 microns = 0.015 mm shall not exceed 1 %. (This eliminates clay and clayey materials). - Impermeable material, such as loam, clay, and peat cannot be used. Big blocks must e eliminated separately; maximum size of fill materials is " =125 mm for limiting damage to precast concrete by dropping stones. - Amount of stones of 3" = 75 mm and larger should not exceed 15% for reasons of acceptable compaction. - Maximum cohesion within compacted fill material should not exceed 0. 4 to 0.17 ksf = 2 to 7 k /m2. (This excludes organic material, loam, and clay). Compactionit : - Compaction of fill INSIDE the units must reach minimum density of 122 pcf = 1 k /m3. This minimum average density including possible voids is crucial to ensure the weight for the gravity wall effect. This requires quality fill of all voids and quality compaction using Wacker jumpers or Rammax vibratory rollers or equivalent proven tools. - Compaction INSIDE of units and within a zone 4 ft. = 1.2m behind the back of units must be minimum of 90% relative density (=Proctor density) and not more than 95% to avoid over-stress, measured on top of compacted layer, within center and mountain side of cells. Use trench compactor such as Wacker and minimum 6 passes. - Heavy compaction equipment is not allowed within 4 ft. = 1.20 m of back of wall, to avoid excessive compaction pressures and deformations within fill and subsequent wall deformations and possible shifting of units. - Compaction for BACKFILL BEHIND THE wall in the zone beyond 4 ft. = 1.2m behind the wall must be minimum 95%, maximum 100% relative density (formerly named Proctor standard) - Maximum thickness of compacted layers should not exceed 15" = 0.4 - Backfill must be compacted to min. 95% relative density (= standard Proctor density) at optimum water content + 2% to min. 125 pcf = 20 k / 3 at maximum lifts of 16" = 0.4 m. preferably use Rammax self propelled sheep foot vibratory roller, min. weight 100 Is = 450 kg, minimum 6 passes. - In any case friction angle of fill material must reach at least values as used for design of wall, see typical section and notes. Drainageit - provide drainage before backfilling: - provide sand drains, French drains or a geotextile directly on the excavation face to intercept mountain side seepage, - provide a drainage pipe min. schedule 80 = dia. 10 mm at the back of the wall using min. grade of 0.5% with extension to the surface for flushing. - cover drainage pipe with a min. of " of free draining material and cover this with a non-woven geotextile for separating fines. - provide free draining fill material within " = 0.2 m of the first Everwall unit. - collect and divert runoff water on the backslope, 11. Dezember 2013 Min. Everwall Requirements.docx- Page 10 EVERGREEW EVERGREEN WALLS, • EarthMATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS ill materials: - Fill material within precast Everwall units to be ordinary excavation material, provided the fill INSIDE the Everwall units is well compacted with a minimum average moist density of 112 pcf = 18 k /m3. - In projects with EXTENSION AND CROSS BEAMS: Fill and backfill material within the units and behind the units until the cross beam must be engineered fill fit to transfer lateral earth pressure loads from the back down into the foundation. Thus, this fill functions as part of the structural system and requires a shear resistant material, use select fill of a quality similar to MSE with steel reinforcement: Nigh friction (phi' = min. 360), low plasticity (less than 150 fines, below 0.06 m), and high compaction (min. 95% relative density) and material on the dry side ( * = w opt + 1%, -2%). - In other projects ordinary borrow material is acceptable for fill inside and backfill, provided such material is not overly wet and well compactable and provided the individual project design does not specify otherwise. Thus friction angle after compaction is phi' = min. 320 at a moisture content max. + 2% off optimum. Fill material shall have max. 10 to 25% fines (passing sieve # 200 = 0. 74 ); if fill contains 15 to 25% fines, then PL plastic limit must be below 6 and fraction below 15 microns = 0.015 mm shall not exceed 15%. (This eliminates clay and clayey materials). - Impermeable material, such as loam, clay, and peat cannot be used. Big blocks must e eliminated separately; maximum size of fill materials is 5" =125 mm for limiting damage to precast concrete by dropping stones. - Amount of stones of 3" = 75 mm and larger should not exceed 1 % for reasons of acceptable compaction. - Maximum cohesion within compacted fill material should not exceed 0.04 to 0.17 ksf = 2 to 7 k / 2. (This excludes organic material, loam, and clay). 11. Dezember 2013 Min. Everwall Requirements.docx- Page 11 EVERGREEW EVERGREEN WALLS, • Compactionrequirements: - Compaction of fill INSIDE the units must reach minimum density of 122 pcf = 18 k / 3. This minimum average density including possible voids is crucial to ensure the weight for the gravity wall effect. This requires quality fill of all voids and quality compaction using Wacker jumpers or Rammax vibratory rollers or equivalent proven tools. - Compaction INSIDE of units and within a zone 4 ft. = 1.2m behind the back of units must be minimum of 90% relative density (=Proctor density) and not more than 95% to avoid over-stress, measured on top of compacted layer, within center and mountain side of cells. Use trench compactor such as Wacker and minimum 6 passes. - Heavy compaction equipment is not allowed within 4 ft. = 1.20 m of back of wall, to avoid excessive compaction pressures and deformations within fill and subsequent wall deformations and possible shifting of units. - Compaction for BACKFILL BEHIND THE wall in the zone beyond 4 ft. = 1.2m behind the wall must be minimum 95%, maximum 100% relative density (formerly named Proctor standard) - Maximum thickness of compacted layers should not exceed 15" = 0.4 - Backfill must be compacted to min. 95% relative density (= standard Proctor density) at optimum water content + 2% to min. 125 pcf = 20 /m3 at maximum lifts of 16" = 0.4 m. Preferably use Rammax self propelled sheep foot vibratory roller, min. weight 1000 Ibs = 40 kg, minimum 6 passes. - In any case friction angle of fill material must reach at least values as used for design of wall, see typical section and notes. Drainage requirement: - provide drainage before ackfillin : - provide sand drains, French drains or a geotextile directly on the excavation face to intercept mountain side seepage, - provide a drainage pipe min. schedule 80 = dia. 100 mm at the back of the wall using min. grade of 0.5% with extension to the surface for flushing. - cover drainage pipe with a min. of " of free draining material and cover this with a non-woven geotextile for separating fines. - provide free draining fill material within 8" = 0.2 m of the first Everwall unit. - collect and divert runoff water on the back slope, Copyright ® Evergreen Walls, Inc. 2013 Ennetaen, 22. November 213 11. Dezember 2013 Min. Everwall Requirements.docx- Page 12