HomeMy WebLinkAboutTR-4744George E. Pataki
Go*,ernor
Alexander E Treadwell
Secretary of State
James E. Fitzgerald, Jr.
Proper-T Permit Services
P.O. Box 617
Cutchogue. NY 11935
TOWN OF
June :2, 1997
Re:
F-97-331
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers/New York District Permit
Application #97-05700-L2
Boleslaus Kutz, Great Peconic Bay
Town of Southold, Suffolk County
Dear Mr. Fitzgerald:
The Department of State has received the information you provided on April 30, 1997 describing the above
proposed project.
We have been informed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers that your project was authorized under an
existing Nationwide Permit. Therefore. no further review is required by this Department.
We appreciate your referring this information to the Department of State for review.
WFB:WF:dlb
cc: COE/New York District - Denise Butts
Sincerely,
William F. Barton
Chief. Consistency Review and Analysis
DEC/Region 1 - Regional Permit Administrator
Town of Southold - Albert J. Krupski, Jr.
Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Re~ita!ization
Albany, NY 12231-0001
Voice: (518. 474-6000 Fax: (518) 473-2464
Board Of $outhold Town Trustees
SOUTHOLD, NEW YORK
DATE: ..~e .~.. ~c~?7
Pursuant fo the provisions of Chapter 615 of the Laws of
the State of New York, 1893; and Chapter 404 of the Laws of the
State of New York 1952; and the Southotd Town Ordinance en-
titled "REC=ULATINC~ AND THE PLACINg= OF OBSTRUCTIONS
IN AND ON TOWN WATERS AND PUBLIC LANDS and the
REMOVAL OF SAND, C~RAVEL OR OTHER MATERIALS FROM
LANDS UNDER TOWN WATERS;" and in accordance with the
Resolution of The Board adopted at a meeting held on ~.~¥~2.8
19 ~]..., and in consideration of the sum of $ ...]:5~:.g.0. ..... paid by.
......... ~)r. QP~r.r.~. ~.zT~.!.J; ..~.~.~Yic.ff.~. g.T~...b~t~a~!~.. 9~...~.,....~.E .........
of N.Y. and subiect to the
Terms and Conditions listed on the reverse side hereof,
of Southold Town Trustees authorizes and permits the following:
to construct within 18" of existing 90 l.~~. of bulkhead and
approx. 50 c.y. of clean fill as per plans dated March 14, 1997
all in accordance with the detaiJed specifications as presented in
the originating application.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, The said Board of Trustees here-
by causes its Corporate Seal to be affixed, and these presents to
be Subscribed by a maiority of the said Board as of this dat, e.
Albert J. Krupski, President
John Holzapfel, Vice President
Jim King
Martin H. Garretl
Peter Wenczel
Town Hall.
53095 Main Road
P.O. Box 1179
Southold, New York 11971
Telephone (516) 765-1892
Fax (516) 765-1823
BOARD OF TOWN TRUSTEES
TOWN OF SOUTHOLD
J~ne ~
~, 1997'
P~oioer-T Permit Services
P.O. Box 6t7
Cutchogue, NY 11935
Re: Boles!aus Kutz
SCM ~126-ii-5
Dear Mr. Fitzgerald:
The following action was taken by the Board o~ Town Trustees
during its regular.meeting held on Wednesday, May 2~, 1997
regarding the above matter:
WHEREAS, Proper-T Permit Services on behalf of BOLRSLAUS KUTZ
applied to the Southotd Town Trustees for a permit under the
provisions of the WetlandOzdiu~nce of the Town of Southotd~
application dated April 28, 1997, and,
WHEREAS~ said application was referred to the Southold Town
Conservation Advisory Council for their findings and
recommendations, and
WHEREAS~ a ~blic Hearing was held by the Town Trustees with
~espect to said application one, ay 2B, 1997, at which, time all
interested persons were given an oppo=tur~ity to be heard, and,
WHEREAS, the Board members have persorn~ltyviewed and are
familiar with th~ premises iD question and the sumroun~g, area.~
and,
WHEREAS, the Board has considered all the testimony and
documentation submitted concerning tb~s app~4catio~ and,
WHEREAS, the structure complies, with the stana~r~ set forth in
Chapter 37-18 of the Southoid Town Code, ~
WHEREAS, the Board has dete~uinedthat the p~oject as proposed
will not affect the health, safety an~ gene=at wel~ars of the
people of the town,
NOW THEREFORE BE IT,
RESOLVED, that the B~oard of Trustees grant a Wetland Permit to
Proper-T Permit Services on behalf of BOLESLAUS KUTZ to
construct within 1~" of existing' 90 1.f. of bulkhead and. place
approx. 50 c.y. of clean fill as per plans date~ March t4. 1997,
and,
BE IT FURTHER RESOLV~.~ that this'determination should not be
considered a determination made for any other Department 0r
Agency which may also have an application pending for the same
or similar project. ~
Permit to construct project will expire two years from the date
it is signed-. Fees must be paid, if applicable, and permit
issued within six months of the date of th~s notification.
Two inspections are required and the TTustees axe to be notified
upon completion of said pro3ect.
FEES: None.
Very truly yours,
Albert J. Krupski, Jr.
President, Board of Trustees
AJK/jmd
May 2, 1997
George E. Pataki
Alexander F. Treadwell
Secretary of State
Albert J. Krupski, Jr.
Trustee, Town of Southold
53095 Main Street
P.O. Box 1179
Southold, NY 11971
Re:
F-97-331
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers/New York District Permit
pphcation, B~laus ~K~utz, Great Peconic Bay
Dear Mr. Krupski:
Enclosed is a copy of the information submitted to the Department of State for review of the above-referenced
project with respect to its consistency with the Coastal Management Program for your information and
preliminary review. Please contact William Feldhusen, the DOS reviewer assigned to this project, at (518)
474-6000 to discuss your concerns, and any additional information which may be necessary to assist you in
reviewing this project. Any comments you may have will assist the Department in reaching a decision as to
the consistency of the proposed action with the approved NYS Coastal Management Program.
Please note, however, that if we do not hear from you within 45 days of the date of this letter, we will
presume that you have no objections to the proposed project.
Sincerely, ~rta ,4~
William F. Barton
Chief, Consistency Review and Analysis
Enclosures
WFB:dlb
Div~ion of Coastal Resources and Wa~(front Revitalizat~n
Albany, NY 12231-0001
Voice: (518) 474-6000 Fax: (518) 473-2464
Prope'r-T Permit Services
POST OFFICE BOX 617, CUTCHOGUE, NEW YORK 11935-0617
($763 734- 5800
Chief, Consistency Review and ,~malvsis Bureau
Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitali?afion
New York State Department of State
162 Washington Avenue
Albany, New York 12231
DEPARTMENT OF STATE
COASTAL PROGRA{~8
RECEIVED
Re: Application for Permit on Behalf ofBoleslaus Kut7
Dear Sir:
Attached are documents which have been prepared in support of the application for a permit to
replace a bulkhead on the property of Boleslaus Kutz in the Town of Southold, Suffolk
County.
Proper-T Permit Services represents Dr. Kutz in this matter, and a letter of authorization is
part of this submission..
If there are an.v questions, or ff additional information is needed,, please call me.
Enclosures:
Letter of Authorization
Joint Application for Permit
Enviromental Questionnaire
Short Environmental Assessment Form
Federal Consistency A~ssessment Foxm
Vicirfity Map
Tax Map
Survey of Property
Project Plan
Section View
Project Site Photos
Sincerely. ~/'/
~Jan~s E. Fitzgeral.,~7//
a subsidiary of
THE PECONIC EASTERN CORPORATION
6950 Peconic Bay Boulevard
Laurel. New York 11948
Chief, Consistency Review and Analysis Bureau
Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitali?ation
New York State Department of State
162 Washin.~on Avenue
Albany, New York 12231
Dear Sir:
Please be advised that I hereby designate and authorize James E. Filzgerald, Jr. of Proper-T
Perndt Services to act in my behalf as my agent in the submission and processing of a permit
application for a bulkhead to be constmcte~l in front of the existing bu ~lklaead on my property
located at 6950 P~onic Bay Boulevard, Peconic, New York 11948, and designated by Suffolk
County Tax 5/tap No. 1000-126-11-5, and to furnish, upon request; supplemental infom~ation
in support of the application.
YolJrs
/
Bolestaus Kutz
14.16-4 (2/87}--Taxi 12
IPROJECT f.D: NUMBER
Appendix C
State Environmental Quality Review
SHORT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FORM
For UNLISTED ACTIONS Only
PART I--PROJECT INFORMATION (To be completed by Applicant or Project sponsor)
SEQR
APPLICANT/SPONSOR
James E. Fitzgerald, Jr.
I2. PROJECT NAME
Kutz bulkhead replacement
3. PROJECT LOCATION:
Municipality Laurel County Suffolk
4. PRECISE LOCATION (Street address and road intersections, prominent landmarks, etc., or provide map)
6950 Peconic Bay Blvd
Laurel, NY 11948
See attached maps.
5. IS PROPOSED ACTION:
[~ New [] Expansion [] Modlflcatlonlalterallon '
6. DESCRIBE PROJECT BRIEFLY:
Construct within 18" of existing functional bulkhea~ 90 linear £eet
of butkhead and place approximately 50 cu. yds. of backfill.
7. AMOUNT OF LAND AFFECTED:
Inillally N/A acres Ultimately
8. WILL PROPOSED ACTION COMPLY WITH EXISTING ZONING OR OTHER EXISTING LAND USE RESTRICTIONS?
[~Yes [] No If No. describe brleily
9. WHAT IS[ PRESENT LAND USE iN VICINITY OF PROJECT?
[] Residential [] industrial [] Commercial [] Ag?lcultura
Describe:
Medium-size private residenceso
[] Park~F~esffOpe~ space ~] Other
DOES ACTION iNVOLVE A PERMIT APPROVAL OR FUNDING, NOW OR ULTIMATELY FROM ANY OTHER GOVERNMENTAL AGENCY (FEDERAL,
STATE OR LOCAL)?
[] Yes [] No I! ,/es, list agency(s) and permltfaporovals NO approvals to date.
Required: NYSDEC, NTSDOS, USACoE,' Southold Trustees
11. DOES ANY ASPECT OF TH.E ACTION HAVE A CURRENTLY VAUD PERMIT OR APPROVAL? [] Yes [] No If yes, iisi agency ~ame end
12. AS A RESULT OF PROPOSED ACTION WIlL ~ISTI,G PE~ITIAPPR~AL R~IRE MOOIFICA~ON?
, CF-RTIFY THAT THE iNFORMATION PROVIDED ABOVE IS TF~JE TO THE BEb~T OF MY Y,J~IOWLEDGE
· ~_~a~es ~i~gerald, Jr.
· AepiicanUsponsor n~e: ~oper~~~~ : oat~ 4/11/97
[ If t~ action Is In thZ&astal Area, and you area stale age~, ~mplet. the
Coastal Assessment Form before proceeding wiih this assessment
OVER
I -
ICA
1000-126-11-5
BOLESLAUS KUT7_.
6950 PECONIC BAY BLVD
LAUREL. NY 11948
sTReET ADDRESS OF PROJECT SITE:
6950 PECONIC BAY BLVD
LAUREL NY 11948
.%.
SHEATHING MAY BE EITHER CCA-TREATED
OR CREOSOTE TREATED. ALL OTHER
DIMENSIONAL LUMBER. TIMBER. AND PILES
ARE CCA-TREATED. ALL HARDWARE fS
GALVANIZED STEEL.
IO"~ X .O~r~
F(E'T~E O~q-fl
Z;~ [OX Z,Z~
CORPS OF ENGINEERS DATA
PURPOSE: Replace existing functional bulkhead with
new bulkhead constructed within 18" seaward to provide
continued protection against erosion.
DATU3'I: MLW
IN: Peconic Bay AT: Laurel
COUNTY: Suffolk STATE: New York
A'tb
SECTION VIEW
BA. pp. licali, gn reg~d~g the properts, of
olesiaus Kutz, SU'I'M #t01~0:126-I 1-5
Represented by
PROPER-T ~PERMIT SER. VtCES
P.O. Box 617,.Cutehogue, NY 1 t935
James E. Fitzgerald, Jr. 516-734-5800
March 14, 1997
CORPS OF ENGINEERS DATA
PURPOSE: Replace existing functional bulkhead with
new bulkhead constructed within 18" seaward to provide
continued protection against erosion.
DATUM: MLW
IN: Peconic Bay AT: Laurel
COUNTY: Suffolk STATE: New York
PROJEC SITE PHOTOS
Application re~ardin~ the l~rooertv of
BoFeglaus Kutz,-SCTI~ #101)0-'12G-11-5
Represented by
PROPER-T PER_MiT SERVICES
j P.O. Box 617, Cutchogue, NY t 1935
ames E. Fitzgerald, Jr. 516-734-5800
March 14, 1997
May 2, 1997
George E. Pataki
Governor
Alexander E Treadwell
Secretary of State
James E. Fitzgerald, Jr.
Proper-T Permit Services
Post Office Box 617
Cutchogue, NY t 1935-0167
Dear Mr. Fitzgerald:
Re:
F-97-331
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers/New York District Permit
Application - Boteslaus Kutz. Great Peconic Bay
Town of Southold, Suffolk County
Acknowledgement of Federal Consistency Assessment
Form
The Department of State received your Federal Consistency Assessment Form and supporting information
on April 30, 1997 and has determined that the submitted documentation is adequate to commence our review
of your proposed project. We will contact you if additional information may be necessary for consistency
rewew purposes.
You and the Corps of Engineers will be notified of our decision when we have completed our review of this
project for irs consistency with the New York State Coastal Management Program. The Corps of Engineers
cannot issue a permit for this project unless the Department of State concurs with your consistency
certification.
Please be advised that the Corps of Engineers may authorize the proposed project under an existing
nationwide permit (#3). If the Corps of Engineers does determine that this project could be authorized under
an existing nationwide permit, no further review of this project by the Department of State would be
necessary. Please call William Feldhuser, at (518) 474-6000 if you have any questions.
Sincerely, ~~
William F. Barton
Chief, Consistency Review and Analysis
WFB:dlb
cc: COE/New York District ~ James W. Haggerty
NYS DEC/Region 1 - Regional Permit Administrator
Town of Southold - Albert J. Krupski, Jr.
Division of Coastal Resources and Waterfront Revitallz~'on
AtTJany, NY 12231-0001
Voice: ('518) 474-6000 Fa. J2 (518~ 473-2464
Telephone
(516) 765-1801
Town Hall, 53095 Main Road
P.O. Box 1179
Southold. New York 11971
SOUTHOI,D TOWN
CONSERVATION ADVISORY COUNCIL
The following recommendation was adopted at a meeting of the $outhold Town
Conservation Advisory Council held Monday, May 19, 1997:
No. 1~,51
BOLESLAUS KUTZ 126-11-5 to construct within 18" of existing bulkhead 90
I.f. of bulkhead and place approximately 50 c.y. of backfill.
Located 6950 Peconic Bay Blvd., Laurel
Moved by Mary Griffin, seconded by Robert Keith, it was
RESOLVED to recommend to the Southold Town Board of Trustees APPROVAL
of the application.
Vote of Council: Ayes: All
Motion Carried
Albert J. Krupski. President
lchn Holzapfel, Vice President
William G. Albertson
Martin H. Gan'ell
Peter Wenczel
BOA RD OF TOWN TRUSTEES
TOWN OF SOUTHOLD
Town Hall
53095 Main Road
P.O. Box 1179
Southold, New York 11971
Telephone (516) 765-1892
Fax (516) 765-1823
Office Use Only
~_~oastal Erosion Permit Application
/W
Wetland Permit Application
Grandfather Permit Application
Trustee Lands Permit Application
Waiver
~ceived Application: ~/C~/~7
_~_~'lerical Review: ~-7~
~pleted application~'~,_77
Incomplete
SEQRA Classification:
Type I Type II__Unlisted '
Coordination:(date sent)
CAC Referral Sent: D~2-~7
Date of Inspection: ~-~/~7
Receipt of CAC Report:(date)
_Lead Agency Determination: Technical Review:(date)
Public Hearing:(date) ~F-~
Decision: Approved (Y/N) {date)
Application Fee:$
Name of Applicant Bolestaus Kutz
Address 6950 Peconic Bay Blwd, Laurel, NY 11948
Phone Number:(516) 298-5849
Suffolk county Tax Map Number: 100~ - ~ 126-11-5
Property Location: 6950 Pec0nic Bay Blvd, Laurel
{provide LILCO Pole $, distance to cross streets, and location)
Agent:. James E. Fitzgerald, Jr. / Proper, Permit Services
(If applicable)
Address: P.O. Box 617, Cutehogue, NY 11935
Phone: 734-5800
-~oard of Trustees Applicatiun
GENERAL DATA
Land Area (in square feet):
Area Zoning:, R-40
Previous use of property:
Intended use of property:
24,500 approx
Private residential
Private residential
Prior permits/approvals for site improvements:
Agency Date
None known
X No prior permits/approvals for site improvements.
Has any permit/approval ever been revoked or suspended by a
governmental agency?
X No Yes
If yes, provide explanation:
Project Description (use attachments if necessary):
Construc~ within 18" of existing functional bulkhead 90 linear
feet of bulkhead and place approximately 50 cu. yds. of backfill.
~ard of Trustees Applicatio~
WETLAND/TRUSTEE LANDS APPLICATION DATA
Purpose of the proposed operations: Insure against future failure
of existing bulkhead.
Area of wetlands on lot: None ..square feet
Percent coverage of lot: -0- %
Closest distance between nearest existing structure and upland
edge of wetlands: -0- feet
Closest distance between nearest proposed structure and upland
edge of wetlands: -0- feet
Does the project involve excavation or filling?
No X Yes
If yes, how much material will be excavated?
How'much material will be filled? 50
Depth of which material wiI1 be removed or deposited:
feet
Proposed slope throughout the are~ pi operations: N/A
Manner in which material will be removed or deposited:
Fill will be brought to site by truck, and placed by hand.
None cubic yards
cubic yards
N/A
Statement of the effect, if any, on..the wetlands and tidal
waters of the town that may result by reason os such proposed
operations (use attachments if appropriate):
It is expected that the oro~ect will have no siKnificant effect
on the wetlands and tidal waters of the Town.
14-16-4 12/87J--Taxi 12
PROJECT I.D. NUMBER 817.~
Appendix C
State Environmental Quality Revisw
SHORT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FORM
For UNLISTED ACTIONS Only
PART I--PROJECT INFORMATION (To be completed by Applicant or Project sponsor)
SEQR
1. APPLICANT/SPONSOR I 2, PROJECT NAME
James E. Fitzgerald, Jr. I Kutz bulkhead replacement
3. PROJECT LOCATION:
Munlclpatlly Laurel County Suffolk
4, PRECISE LOCATION (Street address and road Intersectlo~, prominent landmarks, etn., or provide map)
6950 Peconic Bay Blvd
Laurel, NY 11948
See attached maps.
5. IS PROPOSED ACTION:
[] New [] Expar~slon [] Modlflcatlonlalteratlon
6. DESCRIBE PROJECT BRIEFLY:
Construct within 18" of existing functional bulkhea~ 90 linear feet
of bulkhead and place approximately 50 cu. yds. of backfill.
7. AMOUNT OF LAND AFFECTED:
acres ultimately acres
8. WILL PROPOSED ACTION COMPLY WITH EXISTING ZONING OR OTHER EXISTING LAND USE RESTRICTIONS?
[~Yes [] No It No, describe brlelly
g. WHAT IS PRESENT LAND USE IN VICINITY OF PROJECT?
[] Residential [] Industrial [] Commercial [] Agriculture
Describe:
Medium-size private residences.
[] Park/Forest]Open space [] Other
10. DOES ACTION INVOLVE A PERMIT APPROVAL. OR FUNDING, NOW OR ULTIMATELY FROM ANY OTHER GOVERNMENTAL AGENCY (FEDERAL.
BTATE OR LOCAL)?
[] Yes [] No If yes. list agency(e) and permltlap~rovale NO approvals to date.
Required'. t'~SDEO, NYSDOS~ USA(JoT:~ Southold ~ru~tees
11. DOES ANY ASPECT OF THE ACTION HAVE A CURRENTLY VALID PERMIT OR APPROVAL? [] Yes [] No If yes, ~let agency name and permit]approval
12. AS A RESULT OF PROPOSED ACTION WILL EXISTING PERMIT/APPROVAL REQUIRE MODIFICATION?
[] Yea [] No
, CERT,FY THAT T~ E ,NFORMAT,ON PROV,DEO ABOVE ,S TRUE TO TNE ~EST OF MY KNOWLEOGE
. James E~cFi
// ,
If tl~e sctio. Is in the~/~
~.gerald, Jr.
~tt~Scrv;~
Date: 4/11/97
,astal Area, and you are s stets agency, complete the
Coastal Assessment Form before proceeding with this asSeSsment
OVER
1
Albert J. Kmpski, President
lohn Holzapfel, Vice President
Jim King
Martin H. Garrell
Peter Wenczel
BOARD OF TOWN TRUSTEF~
TOWN OF SOUTHOLD
Town Hall
53095 Main Road
P.O. Box 1179
Southold, New York 11971
Telephone (516) 765-1892
Fax (516) 765-1823
BOARD OF TRUSTEES: TOWN OF SOUTHOLD
In the Matter of the ~optication
of
STATE OF NEW YORK)
AFFIDAVIT OF POSTING
I, James E. Fitzgerald, ff~siding at 385 Haywaters Drive
Cutchogue NY 11935
being duly sworn, depose and say:
I997
That on the 19t~tay of May , ~ I personally posted the
property known as 6950 Pec0nic Bay Blvd, Laurel NY 11948
by placing the Board of Trustees official poster where it can
easily be seen, and that I have checked to be sure the poster
has remained in place for seven days Prior to the date of the
public hearing. (date of hearing noted thereon to be held
5/28/97
Dated: 5/19/97
Sworn to before me this
i~ day of ~A~ 199~7
nature ) ~
No?ry Public
JANE R. MINF_RVA
NO,AR. , UBL,~ State of NowYork
No 4853108, Suffolk County
Comm!sslo! Exmres February 18, 19~
SOUTH
JAIdI:SPORT
AURI:[
G
M
R
ITUCb
)52
41RPORT
PROJECT IS CIRCLED
E A T P E C
CORPS OF ENGINEERS DATA
PURPOSE: Replace existing functional bulkhead with
new bulkhead constructed within 18" seaward to provide
continued protection against erosion.
DATUM: MLW
IN: Peconic Bay AT: Laurel
COUNTY: Suffolk STATE: New York
VICINITY MAP
App. lication regarding the l:~:opcriy of
Boleslaus Kutz, ~SCTI~I #10D0-'126--11-5
Represented by
PROPER-T PERIvIIT SERVICES
P.O. Box 617, Cutchogue, NY t 1935
James E. Fitzgerald, Jr. 516-734-5800
March 14, 1997
\
\
'-V
THE SITE OF THE PROPOSED
PROJECT IS CROSS-HATCHED
CORPS OF ENGINEERS DATA
PURPOSE: Replace existing functional bulkhead with
new bulkhead constructed within 18" seaward to provide
continued protection against erosion
DATUI~I: MLW
IN: Peconic Bay AT: Laurel
COUNTY: Suffolk STATE: New York
TAX MAP
App. lication regardinl~ the property of
Boleslaus Kutz, SCTM # 1000--126-11-5
Represented by
PROPER-T PERMIT SERVICES
P.O. Box 617, Cutchogue, NY 11935
James E. Fitzgerald. Jr. 516-734-5800
March t 4, 1997
SHEA"CHINQ MAY BE EITHER CCA-TREATED
OR CREOSOTE TREATED. ALL OTHER
DIMENSIONAL LUMBER, TIMBER, AND PILES
ARE CCA-TREATED. ALL HARDWARE IS
GIALVANIZED STEEL,
F t LT~ F._ 0/.0)f"~'
CORPS OF ENGINEERS DATA
PURPOSE: Replac~
new bulkhead constn
continued protection
IN: Peconic Bay
COUNTY: Suffolk
~ existing functional bulkhead with
cted within 18" seaward to provide
against erosion.
DATUM: MLW
AT: Laurel
STATE: New York
SECTION VIEW
ApElicali. gn regarding the property of
Boleslaus r~utz, ~3CTIvl #1000:126--11-5
Represented by
PROPER-1 'PERMrr SERVICES
P.O. Box 617, Cutchogue, NY 11935
James E. Fitzgerald, Jr. 516-734-5800
March 14, 1997
At'lb