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Home My WebLink AboutFort Corchaug United States Department of the Interior NATIONAL PARK SERVICE ~~fl~~ ~ , 1849 C Stree4 N.W. IN RPlLYRFiERTQ W23111IIg[011, U.C. Y0Y440 H3417(2280) JAN 2 11999 Ms. Jean W. Cochran, Town Supervisor Southold Town Hall, 53095 Main Road P.O. Box 1179 Southold, New York 11971 Dear Ms. Cochran: I am pleased to inform you that the Fort Corchaug Archeological Site in Southold, New York has been found to possess national significance in the history of the United States. As a result, the Secretary of the Interior designated this property a National Historic Landmark on January 20, 1999. The purpose of landmark designation is to identify and recognize nationally significant sites and to encourage their owners to preserve them. Landmarks are chosen after careful study by the National Park Service. They are evaluated by the National Park System Advisory Board and designated by the Secretary of the Interior in accordance with the Historic Sites Act of 1935 and the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966. Designation as a National Historic Landmark automatically places a property in the National Register of Historic Places, if it is not already so listed, and extends to it the safeguards and benefits provided by the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 and other Federal laws protecfing historic properties. Each Landmark is eligible to receive one bronze plaque to commemorate the property's designation. You will shortly be contacted by a National Historic Landmarks coordinator for your area about applying for your plaque. If you Have any questions about the plaque or the designation prior to that time please contact Ms. Patty Henry of the National Historic Landmarks Survey at 202/343-8163. We are pleased to include the Fort Corchaug Archeological Site on the roll of National Historic Landmarks as significant representafives of our Nation's heritage. Sincerel~y, / Carol D. Shull Chief, National Historic Landmarks Survey and Keeper, National Register of Historic Places p ~~~~~2~r~I~ o~~~o~~ D I i JAN 2 519.98 il11 1 ~ ' . I--- 3 fic'FICE TOTOWN OF SOUTHGLG,V,~ ~3 a-9~ FORT CORCHAUG MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE February 17, 1999 Dear Fort Corchaug Management Plan Committee Member, As you are probably aware, the Fort Corchaug site has received the National Historic Landmark Designation. We can take some credit for this achievement. In addition, not only have we recommended John Milner Associates as resource managers but also have provided the Supervisor and Town Board with suggestions and recommendations for this historical property. As co-chairs, we both wish to express our thanks to you for the countless hours spent with the committee work. Your dedication to the town is appreciated and as the Fort Corchaug develops, you can take satisfaction that you played a major role. Ronnie Wacker Stan Rubenstein May 19, 1999 ~+nn ~,5 J D ~ v ~ ~ ~ D Jean W. Cochran Supervisor MAY 21 1999 Town of Southold ~ 53095 Main Road Southold,NY 11971 r, cl , ~ 1 • ~ I Dear Jean, 1 was very pleased to read in the Peconic Land Trust ~BTRIDGEHAMPTON newsletter that FortCorchaughasbeendesignatedNational aNB NATIONAL Historic Landmark status. It is wonderful to have such an important resource in Southold Town. Congratulations! BANK Trtonus J. ToatN PRESIDENT AND We are delighted that Bridgehampton National Bank was CHIEF EXECUTIVE OeEtct.x able to participate in this key conservation effort. 2200 Montauk Highway P.O. Box 3005 Best wishes. Bridgehamppton, NY 11932 Phone (51 G) 537-1000, Exc. 252 Sincer y~rs, Fax (51 G) 537-1835 e-mail address: trobin@bridgenb.com Thomas .Tobin President & Chief Executive Officer TJT:ydm File: Bridgehampton Bank Fort Corchaug r~r~z O~~g~FFO(,~ ELIZABETH A. NEVII.LE ti~ y~~ Town Hall, 53095 Main Road TOWN CLERK ~ < P.O. Box 1179 N Southold, New York 11971 REGISTRAR OF VITAL STATISTICS Fax (516) 765-1823 MARRIAGE OFFICER y ~ 0~ Telephone (516) 765-1800 RECORDS MANAGEMENT OFFICER ~1J01 ~ ~.a FREEDOM OF INFORMATION OFFICER OFFICE OF THE TOWN CLERK TOWN OF SOUTHOLD THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE FOLLOWING RESOLUTION WAS ADOPTED BY THE SOUTHOLD TOWN BOARD AT THEIR REGULAR MEETING HELD ON SEPTEMBER 29, 1998: RESOLVED that the Town Board of the Town of Southold hereby authorizes and directs Supervisor Jean W. Cochran to execute any and all necessary documents, including a waiver for a sixty (60) day comment period, for consideration of the nomination of the Fort Corchaug Archaeological Site for designation as a National Historic Landmark. Q El~z bath A. Nevil e Southold Town Clerk September 29, 1998 United States Department of the Interior _ NATIONAL PARK SERVICE y 1849 C Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20290 IN REPLY REFFA TO: H34(2280) SEP S 5 1998 Ms. Jean W. Cochran, Town Supervisor Southold Town Hall, 53095 Main Road P.O. Box 1179 Southhold, New York 11971 Dear Ms. Cochran: We have been requested to include the Fort Corchaug Archeological Site, located in Southold, New York, in the current group of properties being considered for National Historic Landmazk designation. In order for this property to be considered for National Historic Landmazk designation at the next meeting of the National Pazk System Advisory Boazd, it is necessary for us to ask whether you will waive your right to a 60-day period for commenting on the Landmazk nomination of the property, as explained below. We wish to expedite this matter, and to invite you to comment on it even if you should choose to waive your right to the full 60-day comment period normally provided under the Landmazks Program regulations. A study nominating the property for Narional Historic Landmark designation has been prepazed, and a copy of it is enclosed. Should you wish to comment on the study, we ask that you do so speedily, so that the National Pazk System Advisory Boazd may have the benefit of your comments at its upcoming meeting. The rime and location of the meeting aze indicated on the enclosure. The National Historic Landmarks Program recognizes properties of national significance in the Nation's history, azchitecture, azcheology, and culture. The owners may apply for a single bronze plaque. National Historic Landmazk designation follows three steps: study and preparation of a nomination; review of the nomination by the National Pazk System Advisory Board; and a decision by the Secretary of the Interior on the Boazd's recommendations. National Historic Landmarks Program regulations provide that certain parties shall receive notice of our preparation of a Landmark study and of the National Pazk System Advisory Boazd meeting at which the Board will consider that study. The notified parties ordinarily have 60 days before the Boazd meeting to submit their views in writing if they so desire. However, the regulations also provide for walving of that full 60-day commenting period, when all property owners and the chief elected local official have agreed in writing to a waiver. ° D i r:3 ~t SUP NRVIF SRS OHO 0 Because of the need for timely action, we ask that you waive the commenting period, if you so desire, by signing and daring the enclosed waiver, and returning the waiver to me by October 1, 1998, at the address on the waiver. Only your waiver of your right to the full notice period will permit the Board to consider this Landmazk nomination at the next Board meeting. We thank you for your attention to this matter, and we hope to receive your waiver soon. If we receive your waiver by the requested date, the National Pazk System Advisory Board National Landmazks Committee will review the study. Subsequently, they will recommend Landmazk designation to the full Advisory Boazd if they believe that the property meets the criteria for designation of the National Historic Landmarks Program. We will then inform the Secretary of the Interior of the Board's recommendation for his decision. To assist you in considering this matter, we have enclosed a copy of the regulations that govern the National Historic Landmarks Program. They describe the criteria for designation (Sec. 65.4), and include other information on the Program. We aze also enclosing a fact sheet that outlines the effects of designation. Sincerely, Carol D. Shull Chief, National Historic Landmarks Survey Keeper of the National Register of Historic Places Enclosures [ y As Town Supervisor of the Town of Southhold, I hereby waive the right to a 60-day period for considering the nomination of the Fort Corchaug Archeological Site for designation as a National Historic Landmazk. Please check one of the boxes below: ~ I wish to comment as follows: I do not wish to comment. Signed, Cot-~^'~`'"`J Ms. Jean W. Cochran Please return this waiver to Carol D. Shull, Chief, National Historic Landmazks Survey, Keeper of the National Register of Historic Places, National Pazk Service, 1849 C Street, N.W., NC 400, Washington, D.C. 20240., no later than COB, October 1, 1998. PROPERTY STUDIED FOR NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK DESIGNATION FORT CORCHAUG ARCHEOLOGICAL SITE SOUTHOLD, NEW YORK The Landmarks Committee of the National Park System Advisory Boazd will evaluate this property at a meeting to be held on Wednesday, October 7, 1998, beginning at 9:00 a.m. in the First Floor Hearing Room, 800 North Capitol Street, NW, Washington, DC. The Landmarks Committee evaluates the studies of historic properties being nominated for National Historic Landmark designation in order to advise the full National Park System Advisory Boazd at their meeting on Tuesday, October 20, 1998, in New Orleans, Louisiana, and will recommend to the full Board those properties that the Committee finds meet the criteria of the National Historic Landmarks Program. Owners of private properties nominated for NHL designation have an opportunity to concur with or object to listing in accord with the National Historic Preservation Act and 36 CFR 65. Any owner or partial owner of private property who chooses to object to designation must submit a notarized statement certifying that the party is the sole or partial owner of the private property and objects to the designation. Each owner or partial owner of private property has one vote regazdless of the portion of the property that the party owns. If a majonty of pnvate property owners object, a property will not be designated. Letters objecting to or supporting nominations may be sent to Ms. Carol D. Shull, Chief, National Historic Landmarks Survey, at the National Pazk Service, National Register, History and Education, 1849 C Street, N.W., NC 400, Washington, D.C. 20240. Should you wish to obtain information about these meetings, or about the National Historic Landmarks Program, please contact Historian Patty Henry at the National Pazk Service, National Register, History and Education, 1849 C Street, N.W., NC 400, Washington, D.C. 20240; or by telephone at 202/343-8163. File: Federal-Historic landmark - Dept, of lyiterior Fort Corchaug ~~gpFFO(~-co O (j Town Hall, 53095 Main Road JEAN W. COCHI2.AN =`Z` y~ p.0. Box 1179 SUPERVISOR c y = Southold, New York 11971 0 ~ Fax (516) 765-1823 .j. ~ Telephone (516) 765-1889 ~Jj01 ~ Sao OFFICE OF THE SIIpERVISOR TOWN OF SOUTHOLD TO: TOWN BOARD MEMBERS FROM: Jean W. Cochran, Supervisor DATE: July 6, 1998 RE: Fort Corchaug We will be taking a tour of Fort Corchaug on Tuesday, July 14th from 9:00 to 10:30 a.m. for the purpose of viewing the progress by our many volunteers at the fort. Please make every effort to attend. RSVP to Supervisor's office. File: Town: Supervisor Fort Corchaug' • • • PECONIC LAND TRUST • 2')b Hampwn Rwd, P.O. Box 2088, Sou[hamproq NY 11969 (516) 283-3195 Fax: (516) 283-0235 FORT CORCHAUG AT DOWNS FARM PRESERVE SITE CONSERVATION GOALS "Opening a new property generates enthusiasm for ways to use it, but it is important to thoroughly identify the natural and cultural resources and their protection needs before adding improvements." ('fhe Standards and Practices Guidebook, and Operational Manual for Land Trusts, pp. 15-16.) At a minimum, a general statement about site conservaflon goals should be written for the Fort Corchaug at Downs Fann Preserve and a more detailed Management Plan should follow thereafter. It should be stressed, above all, that public use of the properly should be considered secondary to the preservation of the significant resources contained on the site. Three separate zones should be considered; an "Interpretive Area" zone, nerd to Route 25, a "Limited Access Area" zone, adjacent to that, and lastly, a "Restricted Area" zone, which contains the fort itself. I. INTERPRETIVE CENTER SITE PREPERATION The section of the property closest to Route 25 is in need of immediate clean-up projects. Several of the outbuildings should be braced to be incorporated into future interpretive stmctures. Salvageable farm homestead artifacts should be collected for future display purposes, and antique lumber from the house and outbuildings needs to be carefully removed and stored for later incorporation into the Management Center interior and the proposed Interpretive Center. Safety concerns that need to be addressed include securing the perimeter of the dilapidated house, perhaps with staked flagging tape for the time being and thereafter, the demolition and removal of the stmcture's remains. The foundation will then be covered and packed with fill, in order to keep accidents from occurring The Town of Southold will then haul off the debris that is leftover. The area above the foundation will then be graded. Two dump areas exist on the site; one, more historical in nature, is located by the Downs homestead, and a more recent trash dump sits behind what will become the Management Center. Both of the dumps will first be scoured for intact culturally significant items, and then what remains will be carted off of the properly to be recycled or disposed. A second major stewardship project is the demolition of the large, unsafe Downs house. Prior to razing the building however, several specialists have been called on site, in order to evaluate the remains. Southold Town Historian, the Southold Town Engineer, the Southold Town Historic Preservation Commission, and a local Architect have all evaluated the structure. The consensus from all parties is that the south end of the house should, for the time being, be braced in order to remain intact during the demolition of the remainder of the house. Then, the oldest section should be photodocumented and pieces of the swcture should be numbered, dismantled, and stored for reconstruction and incorporation into the future Interpretive Center. Perhaps a room devoted to the interpretation of the agricultural history of the site could be constructed with the salvaged lumber from the south end of the original homestead. Additional lumber from timbers and walls can be stored at the Shellfisher Preserve and used later for flooring, paneling, and display cases in the farmland interpretive room. Any extra salvageable lumber could either be used as paneling and as flooring in the Management Center. Three of the smaller, dilapidated outbuildings have aheady been demolished and their debris removed by Volunteers. One of the smaller structures that is in good shape is an old stable. This building should be stabilized and reconstructed for future interpretive purposes. Its location next to the agricultural hoc[ of the property makes it ideally suited for afirst-person living history opportunity. The old fieldstone walls in the cellaz of the house should remain intact, m order [o serve as original walls in a basement azea of the Interpretive Center. The locally-made Sage and Sanford bricks that are in good condition have been salvaged and stored for future incorporation into the Interpretive Center. Perhaps [he bricks could be used [o construct a patio or foyer into the building. A priority is to keep on- site as much of the original building materials as possible, in order to recreate a flavor of the 18~' century farm. After all that can be salvaged has been secured and stored in the Quonset but a[ Shellfisher Preserve, the remains of the outbuildings, and other stmctures will be demolished by the Southold Town Highway Department and the debris also hauled off of the property by them. II. MANAGEMENT CENTER RENOVATIONS In order for the Peconic Land Tmst to better serve [he stewardship needs not only of the Downs Farm Preserve but also of other Southold Town sites as well, it is important to establish a Management Center The site that lies just east of the Interpretive Area zone is a potentially ideal location for such a center. The existing structure could serve as an office for a Stewazdship Manager and Stewazdship Technicians. This will allow several functions; the on-site security of the Interpretive Area, future trail system, and Restricted Area of the Fort could be undertaken, and anideally-situated office from which the Stewardship Manager could assist Southold Town and community members in their various resource management situafions. In addition to the renovation of the house into anoffice/apartment, ideally, another structure should be built. A 4-bay maintenance facility, in similaz azchitechual style to the existing structure, is necessary for the storage of heavy equipment. Attached to the facility should be a shop, in which [o store smaller tools and to be used as a workspace. The renovation process would involve several stages. Initially, three different general centractors would be solicited in order to request sealed bids for the project. Once the appropriate contractor is secured, renovations of both the exterior and interior of the building will occur. Two major parts of the job will be to install a new roof and to build a new foundation for the stmcnrre. Finally, the building could be furnished for use as an office or a combination office/apartment. The renovation of the structure would allow additional security for the site, by protecting the Interpretive Center and outbuildings from unauthorized trail use, and possible vandalism/artifact collection by the Fort in the Restricted Area III. TRAIL WORK The purpose of a trail system at the Fort Corchaug at Downs' Farm Preserve is to allow visitors the opportunity to experience the natural and cultural environment of the site. The trails will provide public access, without jeopazdizing the existing resources. The trail system will be located away from fragile areas, such as wetlands and the main cultural fort site. It will be cons[mcted in a manner that provides a safe recreational opportunity for visitors and will also be resource compatible. The trails will be designed according to the standards set by USDA Forest Service specifications. The specs take into consideration slope, surface, width and height of trail clearance. A preliminary layout of the trail has already been completed. The [railhead will be located south of the Interpretive Center, adjacent to the champion-sized Sycamore (English Plane) tree. liy the trailhead, a large, covered interpretive kiosk will be placed It will display a map of the preserve, which will depict the trail system and natural features such as Downs' Creek, plant communities and the agricultural lands. The text will present a brief overview of the six distinct communities that occur on the property, through which the trails traverse. It will also discuss the ecological history of eastern Long Island, and how pas[ land uses have altered native plant communities. Two loops have been considered A quarter-mile loop has already been flagged in the "Interpretive Area" zone. It meanders through the north end of the property, in a highly disturbed successional Hardwood forest, which is dominated by non-native trees and shrubs. This loop section will be handicapped accessible, with a paved surface. Located halfivay up the East side of the trail will stand an interpretive kiosk that discusses ecology of the invasive hardwood forest. At the western intersection, between the first and second sections of the trail, lies a proposed viewing area that overlooks the agricultural easement of the site. A bench and an interpretive display that depicts the past and current agricultural uses of site will be placed at this location. The outer loop totals in length approximately ahalf--mile. This section of the trail system winds through a relatively undisturbed native oak-hickory forest. In the southwest section of the outer loop will stand an interpretive kiosk that will interpret the existing flora. At the southeast comer of this loop sits an island in Downs Creek A small footbridge will be constructed to allow visitor access to [he island On the landside of the bridge will be located an interpretive display tHat depicts salt shrnb communities and phragmites reed marshes. An observation tower will be located on the southern end of the island. It will stand ten feet tall and be constructed out of pressure-treated lumber. On the tower's platform, aweather- resistant interpretive disphry will present information concerning the wetlands. Included in the text will be a discussion of coastal salt marshes and Downs' creek itself. All trail construction will be completed in accordance with U.S. Forest Service Trail Design & Construction Standazds. The inner loop, which will be handicapped accessible will be constructed with a packed limerock or equivalent base and overlaid with asphalt. The trail tread on the outer loop will be cons[nucted of compacted soil, not unnatural-looking wood chips. Any additional soil that is needed for trail construction will be imported from off site, and from a site that does not contain exotic species. All boardwalks, observation towers, and kiosks will be constructed of #2 pressure-treated pine, using hot- dipped galvanized fasteners. All trimming will be done with flush cuts, and all cut surfaces Huger than one inch in diameter will be treated with a cu[-surface veatment to prevent disease. All material that is removed shaft be place with the cut end away from the trail in order to minimize the appearance of impact, or hauled away for disposal. In addition, all roots and rocks that are removed shall be located an appropriate distance from the trail. Native plantings may need to be considered, especially as non-native species become eradicated. Trail Maintenance will be an annual activity conducted each spring, with periodic maintenance throughout the year as needed. Maintenance will include Irinuning of vegetation [hat has grown into [he trailway, repairs to the trail tread (removal of roots, rocks, etc.), erosion control (cleaning out of water bars, trail reconstruction, etc.), repairs/cleaning of displays and exhibits, repairs to boardwalks and observation towers. Routine maintenance, performed weekly, should include litter removal, arty necessary trimming of vegetation, a safety inspection, and cleaning of displays and interpretive exhibits. IV. INTERPRETIVE CENTER It is possible that some basic designs and plans for the interpretive center could be obtained from the National Pazk Service, out of the I)ertver Service Center in Denver, CO, or maybe from the New York Slate Office of State Pazks. This, at least, might give some ideas prior to hiring an azchi[ect. Often in such structwes, maintenance is of the least importance, and more money is put into the initial work with little thought going into cost and ease of future care of the building. Estimates will vary, especially if an existing structure will be restored and remodeled. The cost for the building will probably be in the 5100-5200/square foot range, excluding exhibits. Interior design and famishing should take into account ease of maintenance, durability, and safety, especially concerning children. It might be wise to use duplicates of any artifacts for displays. If reproductions were ever broken, misplaced or stolen, there would be little lost. Concerning this, even if dupHptes of artifacts are used, an alarm system should be installed, with automatic dialing to police/fire and to the Management Center/residence. Generally speaking whenever these types of facilities are wnstructed, a disproportionate amount of money is set aside for displays. Ideas for displays could possibly be obtained from the National Park Service interpretive display section in Harper's Ferry, Wes[ Virginia. The Park Rangers there could also provide names of private individuals or companies that also design and constmct exhibits. Any exterior displays/exhibits should be of the type that is embedded in fiberglass, as they are quite durable and easy to maintain, with greater resistance to vandalism. The site should be staffed by a Preserve Manager, who would oversee the maintenance, administration, resource management, interpretation and protection of the preserve. To help accomplish this, the preserve manager could recruit and train a volunteer force who could help with all of these aspects. The Friends of For[ Corchaug a[ Downs Farm Preserve will serve roles that are defined in their job description (please see attachment). V. EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS A. General Public B. School Groups C. Adult Education D. First-Person Living History VI. SUPPORT SERVICES/PLT TIME & EXPENSES • File: Fort Corchaug ? Peconic Land Trust • • ~~gOFfO(~-c • O =~0 Gyp 0 Fax (516) 765-1823 ti x Town Hall, 53095 Main Road Telephone (516) 765-1800 O ~ ~ P.O. Box 1179 y~0~ ~aQ`' Southold, New York ] 1971 SOUTHOLD TOWN LANDMARK PRESERVATION COMMISSION DATE: June 10, 1998 TO: Jean Cochran/Jim McMahon FROM: Landmazk Preservation Commission/John Greene RE: Visit to Fort Corchaug The Landmark Preservation Commission visited Fort Corchaug on June 8, 1998 with Margot Booth to tour the three principal buildings that are still standing at the site. Mazgot Booth had asked the Commission for its opinion on the historic significance of the structures. There are presently three principal buildings on the site which we will call for convenience the Barn, the Old House and the New House. Of the three structures, the Old House is the most historically significant. We would ideally recommend that the oldest part of this structure be photo-documented, disassembled and stored until a plan for the site is in place. Parts of the Old House probably date from the late 18~' century and should be conserved for future use. The newer part of the Old House should be disassembled with the salvageable pieces stored for future use once decisions have been made for the site. The Barn and the New House have less historic significance, but cleazly are culturally important to the site. Whatever is salvageable from the Barn should be saved for its cultural value with an eye to preserving the building or its parts if financially possible. The New House has little historic value although it could serve a variety of purposes at the site given that its repair would be fairly straightforward. If you have any questions feel free to contact me or any of the Commission members at your convenience. Landmark Preserva 'on Commission Fort Corchaug • • e_~enon.~ ~ • ~ g New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation ~ , 518-474-0456 The Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller Empire State Plaza ~ Human Resources raEwraacsrnrs ~ Agency Building 1, Albany, New York 12238 ~ s1e-a7a-oasa Bematlette Castro Flacal Management Commlasbner v 518-474-0061 TDD:5l8-486-1899 March 9, 1998 Honorable Jean Cochran Supervisor Town of Southold 53095 Main Road PO Box 1179 Southold, NY 11971 Dear Supervisor Cochran: I regret to inform you that your applications submitted for the Fort Corchaug Park Development, Peconic Lane Park and the Arshamonaque Wetlands Preserve projects under the Environmental Protection Fund/Clean Water-Clean Air Bond Act have not been selected for funding. For this yearrs competition, we received 528 applications requesting over $104 million. With only $13.75 million available, not all eligible projects could be funded; only 110 of the requests are receiving awards this year. At this time, you should also know that the Governor has proposed $19.1 million in his Budget for these programs in the current fiscal year. So while applications will not be available until April, I recommend that you contact your Regional Grants Office as soon as possible to discuss consideration of another funding request. Clearly, while there may never be enough money in any given year to satisfy the very heavy demands we face Statewide, we nonetheless encourage you to try again. We will do our best to assist you to make the very best application possible. Sincerely, Nancy Palumbo ~ ~ ft a M R Deputy Commissioner for 0 1S V LS D Administration & Fiscal Affairs 6 SUPERVISORS OFFICE TO N OF SOUTHOLD An Equal Opportunity/Airrmative Action Agency printed an recycled paper File: NYS Parks, Recreation 6 Historic Pres Fort Corchaug Clean Water/Clean Air Bond Act • JACOB K. JA VITS COMMITTEES: NEW YORK L.SOR ANO VVBLIC WEL FF RE FOREIGN RELPTIONS • , GOVERN MIINT'OPERRTIO NS • 1 JOINT ECONOMIC ',21Cnifeb .$fafes ,$enafe SMPLL BV SIN ES$ WASHINGTON, D.C. 20510 February 27, 1974 Pir. William J. Baxter ` Nassau Point Road Cutchogue, New York 11937 °D w Re: Fort Corchaug Site ~ . ~ Dear Pfr. Baxter: ~ m The Director of the National Park Service < m has informed me that the above-named site has been designated as historic property and has accordingly o been entered in the National Register of Historic gyp' Places. ~ m This is indeed good news and we are ~ delighted to have this opportunity to extend our ° 3 congratulations. c With best wishes, ~ Sincer , ,n' 0 ^ / ~ m G"`~`~ ~ m Jac b K. Javits ~ n o ~ n S Z James L. Buckley 3 m n m a m c r. m m 0 3 m m 0 n a 3 N ~ ms's-~.~ z~-~-,n ~'vr ~ 1, 'a-~v~ 1,~~,,u,~ r r'-a''a-`a~a f, ~ -n~ 2~7"~y t, ~i j~° ~o-S-r vSOU ~7 ~o-ft-6 ` l' Vv~Sw~~~A\1- M1 V ~ o~~gUFFO(~-~o ELIZABETH A. NEVILLE h~ Gym Town Hall, 53095 Main Road TOWN CLERK H ~ P.O. Box 1179 REGISTRAR OF VITAL STATISTICS ~ T Southold, New York 11971 MARRIAGE OFFICER ~ ~ Fax (631) 765-6145 RECORDS MANAGEMENT OFFICER y'1101 Telephone (631) 765-1800 FREEDOM OF INFORMATION OFFICER ~ southoldtown.northfork.net OFFICE OF THE TOWN CLERK TOWN OF SOUTHOLD THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE FOLLOWING RESOLUTION NO. 547 OF 2002 WAS ADOPTED AT THE REGULAR MEETING OF THE SOUTHOLD TOWN BOARD ON AUGUST 27, 2002: WHEREAS: Frank A. Kujawski, Jr. served the people of the Town of Southold as Deputy Supervisor, President of the Board of Town Trustees, Chairman of the Mattituck High School Science Department, and member of the North Fork Environmental Council, and WHEREAS: Frank A. Kujawski, Jr. was a mentor to hundreds of young people, as coach of the Mattituck Golf Team, an advisor to the Mattituck Student Council and to the students in his physics and chemistry classes and WHEREAS: Frank A. Kujawski, Jr. served as a crusader for the protection of the environment as an educator and a public servant, with distinguished service; now therefore be it RESOLVED: the Town Board of the Town of Southold hereby declares the parcel of Downs Creek Wetlands Preserve known as Suffolk Countv Tax Map No. 1000-116-1-9.2, now and forever the "Frank A. Kuiawski, Jr. Preserve, at Downs Creek" in appreciation to Frank A. Kujawski, Jr. for his dedicated service to the Town of Southold. q~. Elizabeth A. Neville Southold Town Clerk r RESOLUTION AUGUST 27, 2002 V - 547 WHEREAS: Frank A. Kujawski, Jr. served the people of the Town of Southold as Deputy Supervisor, President of the Board of Town Trustees, Chairman of the Mattituck High School Science Department, and member of the North Fork Environmental Council, and WHEREAS: Frank A. Kujawski, Jr. was a mentor to hundreds of young people, as coach of the Mattituck Golf Team, an advisor to the Mattituck Student Council and to the students in his physics and chemistry classes and WHEREAS: Frank A. Kujawski, Jr. served as a crusader for the protection of the environment as an educator and a public servant, with distinguished service; now therefore be it RESOLVED: the Town Board of the Town of Southold hereby declares the parcel of Downs Creek Wetlands Preserve known as Suffolk County Tax Map No. 1000-116-1-9.2, now and forever the "Frank A. Kujawski, Jr. Preserve, at Downs Creek" in appreciation to Frank A. Kujawski, Jr. for his dedicated service to the Town of Southold. ~ L, WHEREAS: Frank A. Kujawaki, Jr. served the people of the Town of Southold as Deputy Supervisor, President of th,e Board of Town Trustees, Chairman of the Matiir.c?; High School Science Department, and member of the Noith Pork Environmental Council, and WHEREAS: Frank A. Kujawski, Jr. was amentor to hundreds of young people„ as coach of the Mattituck Golf Team, an advisor to the Mattituck Student Council and to the students in his physics and ehemistxy classes and W7IEREAS: Frank A. Kujawski, Jr. saved as a crusader for the protection of the environment as an educator and a public servant, with distinguished service; now therefore be it RESOLVED: the Town Boazd of the Town of Southold hereby declares the Downs Creek Weflands Preserve, now and forever the "Frank A. Knjawski, Jr. Preserve, at Downs Creek" in appzeci.ation to Frank A. Kujawski, Jr. for his dedicated service to the Town of Southold. ~ Z //~f~ f/I~ i 20o Z TOO FdI 9uT~unoooH uMO,T. AToglno5 99CT 59G 9T9 %H3 00~9T 11H.L ZO/ZZ/90 12nsiol zl WHEREAS Brian G. Murphy has given generously of his time and talent in his faithful service to the Town of Southold residents as a Town Board Member since 7anuary 1, 1998, and Deputy Supervisor since 2000; and WHEREAS his record of fine service, diligence to duty and dedication to the Town of Southold and its people deserves the sincere gratitude of those with whom and for whom he served; and WHEREAS the Town of Southold will be deprived of his wise counsel and judgment as a Town Board Member; now, therefore, be it RESOLVED that the Town Board of the Town of Southold hereby expresses its most sincere appreciation to Brian G. Murphy for his unselfish and wholehearted cooperation and untiring efforts on behalf of [he Town, and extend their best wishes for the years ahead; and be it further RESOLVED that a copy of this resolution be entered in the permanent record of the Town Board meeting. Vote of the Town Board: Aye: Councilman Richter, Councilman Murphy, Councilman Romanelli, Councilman Moore, Justice Evans, Supervisor Cochran. This resolution was duly adopted SUPERVISOR COCIB2AN: Brian, you have been a pleasure to work with I know that. You pull more than your shaze, and I think one of [he most important areas that you were involved in was working with the Land Preservation Committee. You have been instrumental and just making things happen along with the rest of the Town Board as faz as land preservation is concerned, and this is just a memento from [he Town Board reminding you of the good days, and we know how much you love the open space Congratulations. COUNCILMAN MOORE: We have a very special resolution to read. Moved by Councilman Moore, seconded by the Entire Town Board, WHEREAS, the citizens of Southold have consistently shown their support for the Town Board's efforts in the acquisition of parks and open space; and WHEREAS, for the past six years the Town Board has had the invaluable assistance Supervisor Jean W. Cochran who has developed working partnerships with both private individuals and other levels of government, enhancing the availability of matching funds for property acquisition and making it possible to increase the acreage of parkland in Southold Town; and WHEREAS, Supervisor Cochran has, with vision and foresight, recognized viable projects and spearheaded programs [o provide adequate park and recreational opportunities for Southold residents of all ages. This includes [he proposal of a successful bond resolution in July of 1998 for the acquisition of 13.85 acres on the west side of Peconic Lane and the subsequent and ongoing improvement of such property; now, therefore be it RESOLVED, that the Town Boazd of the Town of Southold hereby declares that the above-mentioned property, presently known as Peconic Lane Park, is now and forever will be renamed the "Jean W. Cochran Park" in appreciation to Supervisor Cochran for her dedicated service to the Town of Southold. Dated: December 18, 2001. Vote of the Town Board: Aye: Councilman Richter, Councilman Murphy, Councilman Romanelli, Councilman Moore, Justice Evans, Supervisor Cochran. This resolution was duly adopted. #900 Moved by Councilman Moore, seconded by the Entire Town Board, WHEREAS Jean W. Cochran, a most esteemed official of the Town of Southold is retiring from public service on December 31, 2001: and WHEREAS Jean W. Cochran has given generously of her time and talent in her faithful service to the Town of Southold residents as a Town Trustee in 1984, Town Councilwoman through 1989, and Supervisor since January 1, 1996; and WHEREAS her record of fine service, diligence to duty, and dedication to [he Town of Southold and its people deserves the sincere gratitude of those with whom and for whom she served; and WHEREAS the Town of Southold will be deprived of her wise counsel and judgment as Supervisor; now therefore, be it RESOLVED that the Town Board of the Town of Southold hereby expresses its most sincere appreciation to Jean W. Cochran for her unselfish and wholehearted cooperation and untiring efforts on behalf of the Town, and extend their best wishes for the years ahead; and be it further RESOLVED that a copy of this resolution be entered in [he permanent record of the Town Board meeting. o~OgUFFO(~-~o ELIZABETH A. NEVILLE h~ G't Town Hall, 53095 Main Road TOWN CLERK o ~ P.O. Box 1179 N REGISTRAR OF VITAL STATISTICS W nxf Southold, New York 11971 MARRIAGE OFFICER ~ ~ ~ Fax (631) 765-6145 RECORDS MANAGEMENT OFFICER y~Ql ~ Telephone (631) 765-1800 FREEDOM OF INFORMATION OFFICER southoldtown.northfork.net OFFICE OF THE TOWN CLERK TOWN OF SOUTHOLD THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE FOLLOWING RESOLUTION N0.570 OF 2002 WAS ADOPTED AT THE REGULAR MEETING OF THE SOUTHOLD TOWN BOARD ON AUGUST 27, 2002: RESOLVED that the Town Board of the Town of Southold hereby authorizes and directs Town Clerk Elizabeth Neville to advertise for the October Grand Oaenine of Fort CorchauQ at Downs Farm Preserve. ~~Q Elizabeth A. Neville Southold Town Clerk RESOLUTION AUGUST 27, 2002 V - 570 RESOLVED that the Town Board of the Town of Southold hereby authorizes and directs Town Clerk Elizabeth Neville to advertise for the October Grand Opening of Fort CorchauP at Downs Farm Preserve. PECONIC LAND TRUST 296 Hampcon Road, P.O. Box 1776, Southampro~, NY 11969 (631) 2833195 Fax: (631) 204-0711 www.peconidand¢uscorg August 20, 2001 Ms. Jean Cochran Southold Town Hall 53095 Main Road PO Box 1179 Southold, NY 11971 Re: Downs Farm Easement Cutchogue, New York Dear Ms. Cochran, It is time for our yearly monitoring visit as required by the Downs Farm conservation easement with Peconic Land Trust. As PLT's North Fork Land Stewazd, I will be monitoring the land and would like to visit the property on September 18 at 10 a.m. It would be most helpful to have you accompany me. Please give us a call at (631) 734-5630 at your eazliest convenience if you would prefer an alternate date and time. Otherwise, after our visit, you will receive the actual monitoring report that the Trust would like you to sign and return. I look forwazd to heazing from you. Thank you for your cooperation. Sincerely, Denise Mazkut North Fork Land Steward ~ , F~llu 2 12001 , . _ ,iLD File: Peconic Land ,Trust Downs Farm,/ O~~gUFFO(~-c0 JAMES BUNCHUCK Gy.~ P.O. Box 962 SOLID WASTE COORDINATOR °y x Cutchogue, New York 11936-0962 RECEIVED O ~ Tel: (631) 734.7685 y ~ Fax: (631)734-7976 col ~ Sao JAN 2 4 2001 Southold TOwp Clork SOUTHOLD TOWN SOLID WASTE DISTRICT January 24, 2001 MEMORANDUM TO: .~Sjcale Operators FROM: ~3'Jnn Bunchuck SUBJECT: Debris From Down's Farm Preserve Starting late this week or early next, Ken Dickerson will be hauling landclearing debris from Down's Farm Preserve, pursuant to an agreement with the Town, at no cost to the Town. Approximately acre of land is to be cleared. The Town has agreed to accept the debris at the landfill at no charge (i.e., no tipping fees OR single entry fees). Please keep track of the material in the computer as "Down's Preserve Landclearing" and provide me with copies of the scale tickets. cc: Betty Neville File: Landfill / Downs Farm Preserve/ i i Sew x:' fi -A ._t ' hp a v ~~g11FF0(,~-c JAMES C. McMAHON ~Q~ ~l/y Town Hall, 53095 Main Road Administrator c ~ P.O. Box 1179 ti x Southold, New York 11971 Telephone (516) 765-1892 O ~ Fax (516) 765-3136 '1ifj • p~~ o1 ,F ~a TOWN OF SOUTHOLD COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT OFFICE MEMO To: Supervisor Cochran & Town Board Members From: Jim McMahon Subject: Down's Farm Preserve at Fort Corchaug Date: August 29, 2000 The attached is for budget purposes All work at the site will be undertaken only after it is approved by the Southold Town Board. Cost Estimate for Improvements at the Down's Farm Preserve at Fort Corchaug ManaEement & Interpretation Center Improvements Gut Interior, insulation, sheetrock, new doors (exterior/interior) new bathroom (toilet, sink), paint & spackle of interior walls, new electric service, new well and tank, new heating system, new septic system, security system, wood stove & pipe, new foundation, deck & ramp, kitchen improvements (sink, cabinets, stove, refrigerator) hot water heater, flooring, new windows (10). All improvements will meet or exceed ADA requirements. Estimated Cost: $96,000. Mana¢ement & Interpretation Center Equipment and Supplies Phone, 2-way radios, copy machine, fax machine, cork bulletin boards, easels, bookcases, desks, chairs, file cabinets, stacking chairs, folding tables, clock, lamps, indoor and outdoor brochure display rack, artifact display cases, shelves, office supplies. Estimated Cost: $15,000. Manaeement & Interpretation Center Site Improvements Parking lot construction, sign, split rail fence, landscaping plantings, outdoor security lighting. Estimated Cost: $25,000. Trail & Site Imnrovements Design, layout & construction of new trails and improvements to existing trails, site clearing and new plantings, signs (fauna identification for self guided tours), kiosks, litter receptacles, picnic tables, benches, bike racks. Estimated Cost: $54,000. . . Old Building Salvage and Demolition Salvage and/or demolition of unsafe buildings, £dl and regrading of site. Estimated Cost: $8,000. Dawn's Farm & Fort Carchaug Brochure Design, layout and printing of brochure(s) detailing the history of the Down's Farm and Fort Corchaug. Estimated Cost: $5,000. TOTAL COST OF PROJECT: $203,000. Phase I, 2000/2001 $121,000. Phase II, 2001/2002 $ 82,000. t PECONIC LAND TRUST 296 Hampton Road, CO. Box 2088, Southampton, NY 11969 (516) 283-3195 Fax: (516) 283-0235 December 14, 1998 MEMO TO: Jean Cochran, Supervisor FROM: Margot Booth, Preserve Manager SUBJECT: Friends of Downs Farm Preserve Thank-you for taking the time to meet with us this morning. Tim and I appreciate your support in regards to Fort Corchaug and Downs Farm Preserve. Enclosed, please find the materials that we discussed. If you should have any questions regarding a particular member of the Friends group, please do not hesitate to contact me. The hours for each Volunteer are recorded in our database. In addition, I have included a list of possible services that the Friends could provide. To give real life examples of matching needs with talents, I have listed a few people with special services that they have offered to the site: 1. Bob Keith History Chapter of the Resource Management Plan (Under the guidance of the Town Historian). 2. Debbie Wiggins Bird checklist brochure. 3. Roland Brown Video of Historic Structures. 4. Randy Staudinger Mapping and staking out the comers of each historical structure. Note: John Halsey wanted me to share with you my experience with a local deerhunter at the site, but [ couldn't squeeze it in today. It turned out to be a humorous story. Hope Jim enjoyed his decorated Christmas tree! Specific services that a Friends of Fort Corchaug at Downs Farm Preserve could provide are listed as follows: Trails construction and grounds maintenance Preserve newsletter Open house gatherings Produce/host television series or radio shows Exhibit booth at fairs/festivals Volunteers for the blind Grant writing Outreach program at local retirement centers Oral history First-person living history at the site Survey on preserve use Community Calendar Clerical help Coffee/refreshments at programs Holiday decorations Tours of the preserve Clipping and setting up a magazine/newspaper file Interpretive d displays Interior renovations Mailing assistance Computer work Telephoning Specific purchases that the Friends of Fort Corchaug at Downs Farm Preserve could make for the site are listed as follows: Videotapes Audiovisual equipment Matching funds Reference books Special furnishings Printing Building repair Security system Copy machine Landscaping Computers Computer hardware and software Laser Printer Interpretive signs Trail kiosks Trail benches Trail bridge & observation tower Maintenance equipment Archeological study and projects Last Name s First Name Address TownStZip Phone Salutation Ma Barcel o Ellen 19 Cayuga Ave. Centereach, NY 11720 585-9119 Ellen, Billing ~ Kurt 101 Big Fresh Pond Rd. Southampton, NY 11968 283-2214 Kurt, 7 Booth x Edward C., Sr. 17235 Soundview Ave. Southold, NY 11971 765-3556 Dad, Booth x Edward C., Jr. 17235 Soundview Ave. Southold, NY 11971 765-1060 Ed, Booth x Michael S. 17235 Soundview Ave. Southold, NY 11971 765-3252 Mike, Booth o Antonia Southold Town Hall, P.O. Box 1179 Southold, NY 11971 765-1981 Toni, Brown Roland L. 6 Tuttle Ave. Eastport, NY 11941 325-0299 Roland, 7 Browne x Patricia 4 Middleton Rd. Greenport, NY, 11944 477-1557 Patty, Browne x Corey 4 Middleton Rd. Greenport, NY 11944 477-1554 Corey, Browne x Timmy 4 Middleton Rd. Greenport, NY 11944 477-1554 Timmy, Browne Sheila 212 E. 87th St., #3-B New York, NY 10028 (212) 410-7172 Sheila, Burns o Courtney P.O. Box 844 Orient, NY 11957 323-2480 Courtney, Case ~ x Gerard 505 W. Cedar Point Dr. Southold, NY 11971 765-1658 Gerry, Case k x Constance 505 W. Cedar Point Dr. Southold, NY 11971 765-1658 Tippy, Case o Myra P.O. Box 760 Cutchogue, NY 11935 734-5191. Myra, Caufield Timothy J. 411 Front St Greenport, NY, 11944 477-8415 Tmi, 5 Cochran, Supervisor o Jean W. P.O. Box 1179 Southold, NY 11971 765-1889 Jean, Conlon Maggie 180 Woodbine Rd. East Hampton, NY 11937 726-9535 Maggie, Conlon Marty 204 Head of Pond Rd. Watermill, NY 11976 726-9535 Marty, Evans Sara & David 436 E. 88th St. New York, NY, 10128-6617 (212) 876-7825 c Sarah, Farooqi Nahid P.O. Box 1647 115 Walnut St Mattituck, NY 11952 298-1671 ~ Nahid, 7 Garcia ~ x Renee 505 Bayer Rd. Mattituck, NY 11952 298-9528 Renee, 17 _ v__ _ _ _ , _ Garcia x ~ Andy `505 Bayer Rd. 'Mattituck, NY 11952 e 298-9528 ~ And ~ 7 Y> > - - _ _ -t---- - Gerle x George (150 Ackerly St _ Riverhead, NY 11901 _ 369.2308 - ~ George, Gerle x Johnathan 150 Ackerly St. Riverhead, NY 11901 369-2308 Johnathan, Last Name s First Name Address TownStZip Phone Salutation Ma Grathwohl o James 25325 Main Rd. Cutchogue, NY 11935 734-6507, (703) Jim, Hunter o Paul Bayview Rd. Southold, NY 11971 765-1634 Paul, Isaacs Bruce Alvahs Lane Cutchogue, NY, 11935 734-5226 Bruce, Iselin Jane P.O. Box 449 Bridgehampton, NY 11932 537-0189 Jane, 7 Keith Mr. & Mrs Robert 995 Willis Creek Dr. Mattituck, NY 11952 298-8508 Helen & Bob, Kujawski o Frank P.O. Box 727 Mattituck, NY 11952 298-9146 Frank, Ledbetter Thomas J. The Nature Conservancy, 4702 Hwy. 1 Texas City, TX 77590 (409) 945-4677 Tom, 9 Mayne o Katherine 860 Nassau Pt. Rd. Cutchogue, NY 11935 734-6526 Katherine, McCaslin E. Blair Box 424 Bridgehampton, NY, 11932 537-3685 Blair, 7 McGreevy Jack 5 Oak Ct. N. Merrick, NY 11566 868-4812 Jack, 7 McMahon James C. Southold Town Hall, P.O. Box 1179 Southold, NY 11971 765-1892 Jim. 7 Moore x William D. 370 Terry Lane Southold, NY 11971 765-0034 Bill, Peters o William 1600 Pine Tree Rd. Cutchogue, NY 11935 734-5989 Bill, Pickerell Chris 10237 N. Bayview Rd. Southold, NY 11971 765-9676 Chris, 7 Rogers x Jeff, Sr. 1280 Diedericks Orient, NY 11957 323-3935 Jeff, 4 Rogers x Jeff, Jr. 1280 Diedricks Orient, NY 11957 323-3935 Jeffery, 4 Rogers x Kaitlin P.O. Box 205 Orient, NY 11957 323-2450 Kaitlin, Rubenstein o Stanley 2735 Beebe Dr. Cutchogue, NY 11935 734-7543 Stan, Rusch Gina Box 1601 Southold, NY 11971 765-1957 Gina, Ryan Richard C. P.O. Box 321 Laurel, NY 11948 298-9623 Dick, 7 Scholand Kathleen R. 725 Rosewood Dr. Mattituck, NY 11952 298-5314 Kathleen, Sherman ! H.B. P.O. Box 887 Shelter Island, NY 11964 749-8941 Hoot, Smith i o (Professor Walter P.O. Box 754 Orient, NY 11957 323-2669 ~ Professor Smith, Solecki j o Dr. Ralph Texas A & M University College Station, TX 77843 (409) 845-5242 Dr. Solecki, ~ Spiro Melissa 340 Glenwood Rd. ~ Cutchogue, NY 11935 ~ 734-5873 Mel, 7 Last Name S First Name Address TownStZip Phone Salutation Ma Staudinger Randy 1 Lloyd Lane Lloyd Harbor, NY 11743 page: 452-1051 Randy, Thorsen Thomas M. PO Box 413 Amagansett, NY 11930 267-6394 Tom, Voelker Diana 305 Bridge St. Greenport, NY 11944 477-8327 Diana, 7 Wacker o Ronnie 2455 Nassau Pt. Rd. Cutchogue, NY 11935 734-6883 Ronnie, Waide o Margaret P.O. Box 565 Eastport, NY 11941 325-1727 Margaret, Weiss Missy 2010 Pequash Ave. Cutchogue, NY 11935 734-5216 Missy, 7 White o Robert & Lillian 305 Fifth Ave. Greenport, NY 11944 477-1018 Robert & Lillian, Wiggins x Deborah K. 1750 Beebe Dr. Cutchogue, NY 11935 734-6810 Debby, Wiggins x Howard M. 1750 Beebe Dr. Cutchogue, NY 11935 734-6810 Howard, Winsor o Deborah 45 Platt Rd. Orient, NY 11957 323-1257 Debbie, x The Booth Family 17235 Soundview Avenue Southold, NY 11971 Dad, Ed and Mikc The Wiggins Family 1750 Beebe Dr. ~ Cutchogue, NY 11935 x The Rogers Family 1280 Diedericks Orient, NY 11957 Renee & Andy Gar. 505 Bayer Rd. Mattituck, NY 11952 Johnathan & Georg 150 Ackerly St. Riverhead, NY 1 ] 901 x Tippy & Gerry Case 505 W. Cedar Pt. Southold, NY 11971 i x The Browne Family 4 Middleton Rd. Greenport, NY 11947 _ Lawless Jean P.O. Box 345 Shelter Island, NY 11964 t File: Downs Farm Pr•~serve Peconic Land Trust Memorandum To: Jean Cochran From: Timothy Canfield Date: December 23, 1998 Re: Budget Appropriation for Downs Farm Preserve/Fort Corchaug Jean - As per your request, I attach for your review and for distribution to the Town Board, a copy of the proposed 1999 budget for Downs Farm Preserve. Please feel free to call if you have questions in this regard. Thanks again! Downs Farm Preserve/Fort Corchaug Budget Recommendation / 1999 Budget I. Management Plan $30,000 II. Phase I (Interpretive Program) $11,000 - Kiosk - Farm Overlook Platform - Trail Markers - Brochure - Research & Design III. Management Center Renovations $65,000 IV. PLT Time & Expenses $15,000 - Basic Preserve Management - Coordination/Capital Program Total $121,000 FROM • FRX N0. • Feb. 24 199903: 57PM/ P2 PPCUNIC LAND 'TRUST .3 -J`- ~O (51lJ ?N3-3195 1'tur (516) 3H3-U2;ii 2`l6 Hampmn Rood, P.O. Uox 17J6, Sm¢hamptou, NY 119CY www.pec,oiclandrnut.ury February 16, 1999 ,lean Cochran, Supervisor Southold Town Pp Box 1179 Southold, N'~` t 1971.-117J Re: Purchase of Development Rights Program Dear Jean: A you know, we have been working with t11e owners of the farmland parcel which is located immediately adjacent (to the west) of Downs Farm Preserve/Fort Corchaug. Clearly this property is an ideal candidate for protection. l attach copies of maps as well as the owner's endorsement which provides authorization for us to apply to the Town and Suffolk County Farmland Protection Programs on their behalf. In addition, at otu last Land Preservation Committee meeting it was agreed that we recommend the Cherepowich Fans in East Marion for possible partnership acquisition with Suffolk County. It would be most helpful if the Town Board would consider resolutions for the following issues at your next Town Board meeting; 1) Recommend the acquisition of farmland development rights, by Suffolk County or in partnership with Suffolk County, on 50 acres of land, more or less, in the Hamlet of Cutchogue (SCTM # 1000-116-1-2). Said acquisition to be accomplished through either the Preservatton Partnership Program, the Suffolk (.:ounty Grccnways Program, or' the Suffolk County Farmland Program. 2) Recommend the acquisition of fanmland development rights in partnership with Suffolk County, on up to 27 acres of land ,more or less, in the Hamlet of East Marion (SCTM # 1000-38-t-1.3). Said acquisition to be accomplished through either the Preservation Partnership Program. or the Suffolk County Greenways Program. Thanks again for all of your help and kind consideration. Sincerely, Ti~hy J. Caufield Vice resident Enclosures cc: Dick Ryan, Befty Neville, Valerie Scopa?, Melissa Spiro FROM FRX N0. . Feb. 24 1999 03:58PM P3 I'I~.UIR I t, i.nnp uu. 02/OB/AA MON 16:U5 FAX 5162830 Please note: Tf ownezship is held jointly or in paztnerslrip, each owner and/or paztner must sign a separate owner's endorsement. if the owner or owners are making the application, this endorsement is not required. OWNER°S EpAORSEMENT fza , 2 5'fATE OF NEVV YORK) ss: COUNTY OF SI3FF9BK) - ~,.Ew y.~.c , N ~ u, ,being duly sworn, deposes and says; T am: (check one) a part owner in fee; ar the sole ownez in fee; or an officer of the corporation which is the owner in fee of the premises described in the foregoing a~pp~lic~atyion r( r~ .f "vim" G/~a-<~ ~/-.a- H^e" OWns~t i~ ~-r<' ~ ~~J I reside at: SO 1 ~ ~ T' o _ ~ ~ Mailing Address art w yo.~°/r r y ic~~l"~ Hemiet /Post Office / Vi Cage I have authorized the PeconiC Land Trust, Incorporated to make application to the Town of Southold andJor to Suffolk County for consideration under their respective farmland and open space protection programs, as described in the foregoing letter. r .~~x Co oration Signature /Title rP (If the owner is a corporation, please indacxte the oarne of the corporation and Nie title of the corporate officer whose signantte appears above.) y / c~ 5wom before me this~~-~~ day of l x~l'>.~~'-~- . , 19- ~`L kc ~hIJ Notary Public i~eaa+? P1lEY ~•t~`7~ ill M ~ E:/Piorminp/Doeunxms/Owner's 6~doesemem FROM FRX N0. Feb. 24 1999 03:58PM P4 38 39 37 Duck Pond Pf ~ , S 0 U N D v 0 s 119 5 8', ' R~GH Y I ~ i \ ` ~ ~ ~ RK ~ J i 2 ~ ~ OREGON ~ v` ~ ~ ~ .L 119 3 ~ ` ~pel ~A i/ ~ I ~ t N r ~M EAST TYITUCK P~R • i 9 ~ ISLpNp a D ~ ~ J 4 `r~[I : t< ~a CU C'HO E ° ~ LJ I~ fs / ~ \~PP~P R~ ~1 p0 Q<~\\\\. G i'i.W Y~ l 1~ d ~e 11 y pP F[FN _ ft 25 MP~L r ~ ~r A ~C eq`~'. ~ I - § , a r P ti a~ OARS z z~~p(v°~ C 1' ~C VI pu1_~: A 1 a (FO 0 ~ ~A~~ V C,r`r fir. `.6'J ^ bw a~. v ~ . L SL. ~ ~ s~ J ~ ~ a ~ ~~~]]]y; r ~ ° xoArx vox J Nash Pi ~j2j r I/-5 v ° o ~ ~p / r ` ~ ~ ~ l\ a „ coudrar 1l ~ i J~k4ar o~ / y~ - i e - .r ~ C(' < XES 0 Y n.a1_nrTucx.._ ~ o~ue e+ ~~/J ~i /VV// ,.."L,"\l iW / ~ curcHOGU6 LNW ~ ~4 . \t( ~~,ry~~ a~ I~ O~~U1C\ - IQL sp°~c"%'a' Ole Cove HARBOR 'I ~~~.P•~~ Marratooka Pt ,;,O.i~;,a~ Y.C. ' ~-+'hrr>°~~ l NEW SUFFOLK I i G R E A T P E C O N I C NORTH RACE i FROM FRX N0. Feb. 24 1999 03:59PM PS • I Wo ~ { c 4 ~ r ~i' q~ d ~ ~ .r~ ii:.~' 1 Ip lU ~ a - • 1P , N 11 4t W i Y• li W u~ 1 yy ~ ; uu0 ~ W iv O ~ ~ M W\ i W y~M~ a. i. ~ .a e3 ~ . lY 4~ L11 i.~~~~fffkp W - ~ / 1-1 / iP:w ~ N Q w .ar w r.c Hour iu vcn W=j ~MTII ~ 4M~ ~ R r.q. Y { Wks riJ ~ 1 / V i ~~a ~ m.s.unvs ,};a 0 lyy„ ~ ~ J9 1 I.wP anm II ilia ~ ~I d e ~ I ~w u ~ ~ ? 1 ~i ihle isw+: use ~ w^rv ~ ti1ar (J aaosur imu ~ / aL Y.Y' ` ~ w ~ i~tl ` p~~ LYO WIN ilia \\VV•R, WNM 1 / ~ i v ~ e ~ ~ ©l ...l ,.;W, - . .,e a c ...e I _ ~ aA , b ~'~6 O I.~u 4 ~.ri±w u 1' ` 5 . ~ uie - ~ I .we ~ 5 1 sue 6`ld v~~... ~ ay .l"O y.~e , ~a. a Pea ~ ~~ay. ljJ 1401 M i.~` . \ 1 0.0. W~ 0.19 ~Y- ` i?uw b a ~ `/lJ ' v y RDM ~ FRX ND. Feb. 24 1999 03:57PM P1 • 296 Hampton Road P.O. Bo: 1776 ' • • Southampton, NY 91969 516-283.3195 Fax: 516.204-0711 Fax ,b; Betty Neville Fran: Tim Caufield Fa:: 765-6145 Pages: 5 P~,~ pate: February 24, 1999 Ro: PDR CC: ? Urgent b For Review ? Please Comment ? Please Repy ? Please Recycle • Comments: See documents attached O C" ELIZABETH A. NEVILLE `'h~0~ ~~/y~5. Town Hall, 53095 Main Road TOWN CLERK ~ ~ P.O. Box 1179 ;l ~ x ~ Southold, New York 11971 REGISTRAR OF VITAL STATISTICS 1 W ~ " MARRIAGE OFFICER O • Fax (516) 765-1523 't' Off' Telephone (516) 765-1800 RECORDS MANAGEMENT OFFICER `ii, ~JO! ~a. FREEDOM OF INFORMATION OFFICER 1y ~zria/~ OFFICE OF THE TOWN CLERK TOWN OF SOUTHOLD THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE FOLLOWING RESOLUTION WAS ADOPTED AT A REGULAR MEETING OF THE SOUTHOLD TOWN BOARD HELD ON FEBRUARY 18, 1999: RESOLVED that the Town Board of the Town of Southold hereby authorizes Supervisor Jean W. Cochran to execute a pre-application grant form to enable the Peconic Land Trust to submit to the National Park Service for a grant for the Downs Preserve on behalf of the Town of Southold. •zabeth ~ Nevi Southold Town Clerk February 18, 1999 File: Peconic Land Trust Down's Preserve ? Fed: Park Service • • " PECOI~ LAND TRUST ~ 296 Hampwn Raad, CO. Bo: 2088,Southampton, NY 11969 (516) 28}-3195 Fax: (516) 28}-@}5 , f~ DOWNS FARM PRESERVE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN OUTLINE v ~C, I. INTRODUCTION A. Location B. Preserve Significance C. Preserve Vision Statement D. Conservation Easements, Targets & Goals E. Objectives of the Plan [I. DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESERVE A. Topography B. Hydrology C. Soils D. Climate E. Natural Resources 1. Communities 2. Vegetation 3. Wildlife 4. Special Elements 5. Ecological Processes 6. Threats F. Cultural Resources 1. Prehistoric 2. Historic 3. Threats G. Facilities/Infrastructure H. Hazardous Materials Assessment. 1. Environmental Audit [II. HUMAN CONTEXT & STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS A. Landuse History B. Socio-economic and Political Issues C. Pannerships D. Legislative and Administrative Requirements 1V. MANAGEMENT ZONES A. Interpretive Zone B. Limi[ed Access Zone C. Restricted Zone k V. NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT A. Objectives B. Research C. Restoration D. Monitoring VL. CULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT A. Objectives B. Research C. Restoration D. Monitoring VII. VISITOR USE & INTERPRETATION A. Desired Visitor Experience B. Community relations C. Visitor Center/Interpretive Exhibits 1. Goals 2. Preservation ' 3. Interpretive Programs 4. Infrastructure Needs VIII. PRESERVE PROTECTION A. Conservation Easement/Resource Protection B. Emergency Action Plan C. Law Enforcement D. Area Wide Analysis E. Preserve Carrying Capacity VII]. ADMINISTRATION A. Land Management Center B. Facility Maintenance C. Equipment Needs D. Equipment Maintenance IX. RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN IMPLEMENTATION A. Responsibility 1. Planning Team 2. Management & Implementation Team B. Costs C. Implementation Dates X. FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS X[. MEASURES OF PROGRESS X[I. PLAN REVIEW AND UPDATES J XIII. BIBLIOGRAPHY XIV. APPENDIX A. Photos B. Soil Maps C. Plant Community Maps D. Historic Site Locations Maps E. Easements/LegaUDeeds/Agreements F. Trail Map G. Service Roads Map Peconic Land Trust Downs Farm Preserve f • • PECOI~ LAND TRUST • 296 Hamp[on Road, p0. Box 2088, Sou[hamptoq NY 11969 (516) 283-3195 Fax: (516)(2,83-0235 November 23, 1998 ~.1~ MEMO TO: Friends of Fort Corchaug FROM: Tim Caufield/Mazgot Booth SUBJECT: Review of Downs Farm Preserve Resource Management Plan Outline and subjects related to Volunteer issues for the "Friends of Fort Corchaug" at Downs Farm Preserve. Some of you may not be awaze that the Peconic Land Trust is starting the process of writing a Resource Management Plan for the future management of Downs Farm Preserve. Enclosed, please find a copy of the outline for the proposed Resource Management Plan for Downs Farm Preserve. The Peconic Land Trust will discuss the plan with the Southold Town Board on December 8, 1998. We would like to give you the opportunity for your input and suggestions for the plan prior to meeting with the Southold Town Boazd. If you so desire, please feel free to comment on the attached document and to send your remazks back to the Pecomc Land Trust for consideration, or, please bring them to the meeting. Our meeting is scheduled for Tuesday, December 1st from 4:00 to 5:00, at the Southold Town Hall main meeting room. We will discuss the contents of the outline, as well as other Volunteer issues related to the Friends of Fort Corchaug at Downs Farm Preserve. Thank-you for your continued support in the efforts at Downs Farm Preserve. ~a-~~-~~o~~~ N01i 2 4 ~ TOWN OIF 80U~H0 D File: Peconic Land trust Downs Farm Preserve • • / PECOI~ LAND TRUST 296 Hampton Road, p0. Box 2088, Sou[hampton, NY 11969 (516) 283-3195 Fax: (516) 283-02}5 October 26, 1998 TO: Ms. Jean Cochran, Town Supervisor FROM: Mazgot Booth, Preserve Manager " SUBJECT: Accomplishments at the October 24th Work Event at Downs Farm Preserve The text below presents excerpts from the thank-you letters sent out to the participants that were in attendance at the recent Volunteer Work Day at the Downs Farm Preserve. I thought that you might like to review some of the projects that took place during the day. In addition to the work, the Volunteers enjoyed a barbecue lunch and a hike through the woods and along the edge of the agricultural fields. A great time was had by all, and the Suffolk Times will be presenting an article and photos of the event in this weeks edition. Please give me a call if you aze interested in hearing more about what is currently happening at the site, or if you would like to visit the site again. "The Peconic Land TrustlTown of Southold Volunteer Work Event on Saturday, October 24th was a wonderful outing. With summer-like weather and a great group of more than thirty Volunteers, we were able to accomplish a variety of work projects. More importantly, the evident comradeship and knowledge that was shared made the day a complete success! The tasks that were completed during the day are as follows: 1. A group clean-up of the debris that was left behind from the stabilization of the historic Down's Farm house. 2. Installation of five waterbazs, to prevent trail erosion. 3. Installation of a culvert, to divert rainwater, at a historically wet section of the trail. 4. Construction of 75 feet of a "full bench tread", to prevent erosion on a particularly sloped section of the trail. 5. Completion of the final section of the trail loop (approximately 100 yards), trail trimming, grass seed planting for trail stabilization, and several lazge roots removed. 6. Dismantlement and removal of a bottle and trash dump. It is hoped that you will be able to join us for our next Volunteer work day, which will be held this Spring. The Trust will send you an invitation for the event, when a date has been chosen. Thank-you, again, for the contribution of your time and efforts at the site. The Peconic Land Trust, and the Town of Southold, appreciates your great help! ' File: Peconic Land Trust Downs Farm Preserve. • • _ _ _ t2/24/8$ THU 1Z: UU YAA Oltl Ztl JULJJ aa:vwu.. a..u.u aa.u. z.--- Memorandum /\3 ~T / To: Jean Cochran / t~ ~ From: Timothy Caufield Date: December 23, 1998 Re: Budget Appropriation for Downs Farm Preserve/Fort Corchaug lean - As per your request, I attach for your review and for distribution to the Town Board, a copy of the proposed 1999 budget for I?owns Farm Preserve. Please feel free to call if you have questions in this regard. Thanks again! Downs Farm Preserve/Fort Corchaug Budget Recommendation / 1999 Budget I. Management Plan $30,000 II. Phase I (Interpretive Program) $11,000 - Kiosk - Farm Overlook Platform - Trail Markers - Brochure - Research & Design III. Management Center Renovations $65,000 IV. PLT Time & Expenses $15,000 - Basic Preserve Management - Coordination/Capital Program Total $121,000 gUFFO(,~ OHO COG ° _ JAMES C. McMAHON y,,' own Hal , 53095 Main Road Adrninistraror ) o ~ ~ P.O. Box 1179 ~ Southold, Ncw York 11971 Tdcphonc (51G) 765-1892 ~ ~ • Fax (516) 765-3136 ~1J~1 ~ ~~O TOWN OF SOUTHOLD COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT OFFICE October 29, 1997 Mr. James Hunting - NYS Office of Parks, Recreation and Histm•ic Preservation Belmont Lake State Park P. O. Box 247 Babylon, NY 11702 Dear Jim: As per your request, please find the enclosed second Real Estate Appraisal for the Fort Corchaug Project. I believe this is the last document you need before you send out the contracts documents. As always, thanks for your support and we look forward to working with you in the future. If you need any additional information on the enclosed, please give me a call. Sincerely I I James McMahon Town of Southold Community Development ~~3;r,~ r , JUDITH T. TERRY Town Hall, 53095 Main Road TOWN CLERK = P.O. Box 1179 REGISTRAR OF VITAL STATISTICS _ ~ ~ Southold, New York 11971 ~ ~ Fax (516)765-].523 ~ . MARRIAGE OFFICER RECORDS MANAGEMENT OFFICER ~ : Telephone (516) 765-1800 FREEDOM OF INFORMATION OFFICER OFFICE OF THE TOWN CLERK TOWN OF SOUTHOLD THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE FOLLOWING RESOLUTION WAS ADOPTED BY THE SOUTHOLD TOWN BOARD AT A REGULAR MEETING HELD ON SEPTEMBER 16, 1997: RESOLVED that the Town Board of the Town of Southold hereby authorizes Andrew Stype to conduct an appraisal of parcel 1000-116-1-3, at a cost not to exceed 51,500.00, for the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation Grant, as part of the contract requirement for the purchase of Fort Corchaug. ~ Judith T ~T rr`~~~ Southold Town Clerk September 17, 1997 1 RESOLVED the Town Board of the Town of Southold hereby authorizes Andrew Stype to conduct an appraisal of 1000-116-1-3, at a cost not to exceed $1,5000., for the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation Grant, as part of the contract requirements for the pw•chase of Fort Cm•chaug. If you have any questions on the above, please contact Jim McMahon FILE: Fort Corchaug ' NYS-Office Of Parks 6 Rec. Appraisal Services t"'' • , f?., F ~ ~y97 tit7e3.._,_ , __rc 1 R al Rc c a A}~ raical ' ~i.cPdBv ' Town of Southold ' For PFor P Tonerty Owned T ' Baxter Property ' Pro}~rty T nra ion: ' Main Road, Cutchogue, NY 11935 1 ~ ' Andrew D. Stype SRA 1 Indi .a d V 1 ~ : 1 $ 1,170,000. 1 ' As Of. 10/15/97 • • ~ SUGGESTED LETTER APPROVING NOMINATION TO NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDb[ARK STATUS FOR FORTCORCHAUG (ON SOUTHOLD TOWN LETTERHEAD) October xx, 1997 Dr. Robert Gmmet Cultural Resource Planning Branch National Park Service U.S. Customs House (Third Floor) 200 Chestnut SVee[ Philadelphia, PA 19106 Dear Dr. Gmmet: We in Southold Town are extremely pleased that the National Park Service wishes to nominate the site of Fort Corchaug in the hamlet of Cutchogue, Southold Town, Suffolk County as a National Historic Landmark. The Southold Town Board has passed a resolution approving the nomination. Fort Corchaug, by all appearances, is the only extant Indian fort of its kind on the entire Eastern Seaboard. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. The parcel on which the fort is located was purchased in July 1997 with funds from both public and private sources. The Peconic Land Trust brokered the transaction. According to terms of the purchase, the Town of Southold actually owns the property on which the fort is located. We have formed a task force to recommend how the site should be manased and interpreted. Professionals in the field of archaeology will be permitted to study the immediate area of the fort. Ways in which the fort's sienificance can be interpreted [o the general public also are being explored. I understand [hat [he process for nominating, evalua[ine and approving a potential site for NHL status takes six to nine months and that we will be notified when Fort Corchaug's designation is approved. Thanks again for your interest in Fort Corchaug. If you or your staff need additional information, please call Mrs. Ronnie Wacker a[ (516) 73d- 6883 or Mr. James Grathwohl at (202) 366-9836 (office). Sincerely. lean W. Cochran Supervisor Town of Southold 4 • • October 3, 1997 TO: Ronnie Wacker , FROM: Jim Grathwohl SUBJECT: National Hist~c Landmark Designation for Fort Corchaug CC: Tim Canfield I regret not being able to attend the meeting of the Fort Corchaug Management Committee on Monday, October 5, and walk over the site with the group. However, as I mentioned in our recent phone conversation, I have talked to Dr. Robert Grumet in the Cultural Resource Planning Branch of the National Park Service (NPS) in Philadelphia about proceeding on the designation of the Fort site as a National Historic Landmark. Summarized below are the documents and other materials required for processing the application for National Historic Landmark status for Fort Corchaus. If we are able to forward these to Dr. Grumet within 4 - 6 weeks, the National Park Service will be able to submit the application to he considered with the Spring agenda. If all goes smoothly, Fort Corchaus should receive the prestigious designation of National Historic Landmark by next June or July. As you may know. there currently are only 3,100 NHL's in the entire country and we will have two of them in Cutchosue Here are the specific requirements to be sent to Grumet to accompany the application which he will complete and forward to the appropriate NPS officials: 1. Deed of ownership of the parcel on which the fort is located. This will come from the Town. He is not interested in the ownership of the other parcels. The legal description of the property on which the fort is located. (Woulddt this be in the deed?) 3. statement of property ownership on Southold Town letterhead consenting to the study for designation as a National Historic Landmark. The letter should be signed by Supervisor Jean Cochran. See suggested sample attached. 4. Summary of recent archeological digs done for Barter. He has Solecki's and Loriaine Williams' earlier theses. 5. A map of the property showing USGS quadrants with UTM numbers (7 + sir digits). I am sure Tim is familiar with these. If you will send me the documents listed above, I will be clad to assemble them and forward the package to Dr. Grumet. Or you may send them directly to him at National Park Service. Cultural Resource Plannins Branch, 300 Chestnut Street (Third Floor), Philadelphia. PA 19106. His direct phone line is (21~) 862-0925. 1 am confident that Tim will be of great assistance with providing the deed. map, etc. Please keep me.advised on how [can continue to be of assistance as the Committee deliberates on how' to maintain and interpret Fort Corchaug and its significance. FILE: Town Depts.-Supervisor Fort Corchaug "G"-General Fed.- Park Service (National) • _ _ ~XAS A&M UNIVER~TY DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY ' COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGE STATION, TEXAS 77843-4352 (409) 845-5242/5260 g~~,_ V~'•e~ (409) 845-4070 FAX _ ~ i D ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ P ~ Su::lmer Address: ~ ~ ' 3' ~ Box 50 C Route 1 r 2 41997 ' ' Loch i•iuller Road Olmstedville, N.Y. 12857 sua~r:~r;;+~:-s_:;~:c:= July 20, 1997 TOVil1 Ot SOU~i•30L~7 Jean W. Cochran, Supervisor Town of Southold - P.0_ Box 1179 Southold, New York 11971 ' .t, c t Dear Jean, Than'.i•.yon _fer your. letters _al~r..ting ;me ^to..the. Fort Corchaug.~Celebra- tiori ion vJun`e j0'tn.-~ i -vras very-:fiappy `too attend', ;atid to.. meet ,:wi,,th you ;and old -friEirids agai=n. . _ ~ •r + I have sore noughts about the preseryation.of Fort'Corchaug;- which I would li'_~e to share for you. The"'~se~arec.. ' 1. Alloy no heavy traded vehicles• _on .the -fort -si-te. Since the archae- ological deposits are just under 3 incYies-bf turf, disturbance of the sur- face soil and com-action of the soil undex ~tne ueight._~f heavy vehicles vrill certainly,,have. a _da::aging effect .on the .terrain .and tale .,fort_.fe~atu;.es. The latter,,ncluding~t_e.palisade embanTs~ten.ts;a_2d parallel. sicie:ditc~es. az;e just "about v,_sibl"e now. ?'he land had hewer been :plowed 'or cultivated,;.l~ut <.ept in pastu~e•lard by tTie Downs family, contributing to the preservation of the physi cal .•featu_ es of~ tie,, Fort, site, The old Downs farm road could be ased as an access road for 1igT~t~vehicular traffic, 2. In t$e eventual clearing of the fort area of small trees an3 brush gros•n since t~Le~l~j0's wi.en John Doti~ms cleared the area for pasture land, I su;-;gest thatytheD•trees aild vegetation be cut away by hand, and no wheeled equipment (bulldozers, graders, etc.) be used, Tdo attempt should be made to dig out the stumps, because this would disturb the underlying archaeological features (postmolds, palisade trenches, hearths, etc.). The original old ' Indian method of letting the stumps rot in place is recomlended. I have fount evidence in my Fort Corchaug investigations of ancient tree stumps which had rotted in place over 350 years ago. There is colonial documentary evidence in the Southold Tovrn RecDrds that r^ort TTeck vras an area prized by the col- onists because it was the old Indian fields, a cultivable area cleared of trees. Every eff:,rt s'r_ould be made toyreserve the integrity of the site. 3.I thin:: that a prioit,~,r is to get bac:iground infor::aticn regarding Indian archaeological sites preserved in our region. of the nort'reast. I have in :.:ind the Indian fort's-ites at =:assapegua,L.I., Fort Shantok,Coa.,, and Fcrt T;inigret, ?•I. ;fie could learn by exa:r31e from them (and other sites) the conservation methods used; t~ey~roble:~s encountered and the mistakes made, and of=.er details involved, such as security, parT~.ng, maintenance and up-keep etc. Artl~aeo/ogy Conservation Ethnology Folklore Geoarchaeology Nautical Archaeology Nutritional Anthropology Paleoethnobotany Palynology Physical Anthropology Zooarchaeology • I endorse the suggestion that a committee be established to work out the details for the future of Fort Corchaug. Along with the Old r House, it rill become a gem in the cultural heritage of Southold Town and Cutchogue. Very sine rely yours. n P S S ecki ~ n 3 d Ci opy'1 ~ Games arathwohl Ronnie Wacker _ F.S~ after I vrrote this letter, I put a telephone call to our friend ' in the national Par'_~ Service (Fhiladelphia) Dr. Robert Grumet; archae-' oloaist/historian regarding Fort Corchaug. As you know, he vras instru- nental in~placing the site on the Tdaticnal Register. 'r'.e said tha he would be pleased to do the paper vrcrk to glace F_rt Corch2ug cn the national rolls as a :iational :iistoric Landmar'_s, the hig~est level of cfficial`recognition. He-said that he vrould-like to hens from-you about the subject, and to confer vri.th you the steps necessary in the nomina- tion procedure. ~ s na~:e and adddress and phone nu~:bers are: Dr. Robert Grumet ~Tati c:.a1 Par'.-~ 'Service ' . 6~ffice 215 597-6484 - Home 215 862-0925 . F:'~:~ 215 597-6599 _ - ' Gru~aet said that F~hen all the work had been done, there ~1rould be a ceresony with a 'national 'r'.istorical Landmark plaque avrard to Fort Cor- cnaug. _ /L,~ vV -tTr _ THE SENATE I STATE OF NEW YORK KENNETH P. LAVALLE 335 MIDDLE COUNTRY ROAD SELDEN. NEW YORK 11]8a IST SENATE DISTRICT VICE CHAIRMAN. MAIORITY CONFERENCE CHAIRMAN fOMMITTEE ON HIGHER EDUCATION _ July 3, 1997 Hon. Jean W. Cochran Supervisor Town of Southold 53095 Main Road Southold, New York 11971 Dear Jean: It gives me great pleasure to congratulate you and your staff on the forthcoming acquisition of Fort Corchaug. This important achievement will preserve for future generations the least disturbed site which remains of the original four Native American forts on eastern Long Island. Fort Corchaug has great potential both for education and as a tourist destination. As archaeologists proceed to excavate this significant resource, the culture of the Corchaug people will become more clearly understood, and we will develop a more complete picture of Long Island's history and pre-history. Thank you for persisting in the lengthy process which has resulted in this fine acquisition. With my best personal regards, I remain ~-1 Kenne P. LaValle State nator .1 KPL: al ~ Jib J;1_ ;z.,;i FILE: NYS-Senate / Fort Corchaug r r p~ O JUDTTH T. TERRY ' Oy~~ Town Hall, 53095 Main Road ~ P.O. Box 1179 TOWN CLERK : w ~x . Southold, New York 11971 REGISTRAR OF VITAL STATISTICS O ~ ~ ~ Fax (516) 765-1823 RECORDS~MANAGEMENT OFFICER ~ y~ol ~ ~a0~ Telephone (516) 765-1800 FREEDOM OF INFORMATION OFFICER OFFICE OF THE TOWN CLERK TOWN OF SOUTHOLD THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE FOLLOWING RESOLUTION WAS ADOPTED BY THE SOUTHOLD TOWN BOARD AT A REGULAR MEETING HELD ON JUNE 24, 1997: RESOLVED that the Town Board of the Town of Southold hereby modifies the Open Space Capital Budget to appropriate the New York State grant for the Fort Corchaug acquisition, effective immediately: Caoirai ?:ode::: `+ame: Ooea ~oace Ccoital P:o~sm Budse:'^.c:°.wse: Re:e::ues: i.:._ ;co- Jp jrare aide-Capital Grans ~ '_00.000 Zonrccrancns x.3636.= Ooea 5oace. Canirai Ouuaa ~ '_00.000 Judith T. Terry Southold Town Clerk June 25, 1997 r _ JOHN A. CUSHiwIAN , ~~~Spff~C,~'C~G=_ ACCOUNTING & FINANCE SENIOR ACCOUNTANT 'SL';, DEPARTMENT o P.O. Box 1179, 53095 Main Road W T : Telephone (516) 765-4333 Southold, New York 11971-0959 Oy • ~ Fax (516) 765-1823 Off' _,y~l ~ ~a '-~~4%"` TOWN OF SOUTHOLD OFFICE OF THE SUPERVISOR Memorandum TO: Town Boazd FROM: John Cushman ~ / DATE: June 23, 1997 RE: Capital Budget -Open Space Please consider the following resolution to modify the Open Space Capital Budget to appropriate the New York State grant for the Fort Corchaug acquisition: RESOLVED that the Town Boazd of the Town of Southold hereby modifies the Capital Budget for the following Capital Project effective immediately: Capital Project Name: Ooen Soace Capital Proeram Bu~~ Increase: Revenues: H2.3997.00 State Aide-Capital Grant $ 200,000 ~lnnropnations: H2.8686.2 Open Space, Capital Outlay $ 200,000 FILE: Town Depts.-Budget Mod. ' Fort Corchaug r ' ~ - ~ ~ T P~ ~OS~F'J~TL' PLANNING BOARD MEMBERS ~G,, - ~ ~ Town Hall, 53095 Main Road BENNETT ORLOWSKI, JR. p : Chairman ~ ~ P.O. Box 1199 WILLIAbI J. CREY[ERS O ~ C : ` Southold. New York 11971 ~ Fay i516) i65-3136 KE ~iNETI-I L. EDWARDS = /i/~ ,aO' GEORGE RITCHIE LATHAbI, JR. 1 ^1 Telephone 1516) 96.5-1935 RICHARD G. WARD " ' PLANNING BOARD OFFICE TOWN OF SOUTHOLD June 10, 1997 RECEIVED Timothy J. Caufield JUN 1 1 1997 Peconic Land Trust 296 Hampton Road sold Town Clerk P.O. Box 2088 Southampton, NY 11969 RE: Proposed Minor Subdivision for William J. Baxter and the Peconic Land Trust, Inc. (a.k.a. Fort Corchaug Property) SCTM# 1000-116-1-3 Dear Mr. Caufield: The following took place at a meeting of the Southold Town Planning Board on Monday, June 9, 1997: The following resolution was adopted: WHEREAS, on June 2, 1997, the Planning Board received the application materials to subdivide the 104.0270 acre parcel owned by William J. Baxter Jr. and the estate of William J. Baxter into three (3) lots; and WHEREAS, the Peconic Land Trust has prepared a limited Development/Conservation Plan for the 104.0270 acre parcel using a variety of private and public conservation tools toward the protection of a significant archaeological site, active farmland, and pristine woodland with limited residential development; and WHEREAS, Lot 1 is proposed as a 15.3905 acre wooded parcel that the Peconic Land Trust is under contract to sell in January of 1998 subject to a reserved easement reducing the development potential of the property to one residential unit; and WHEREAS, Lot 2 is proposed as a 37.6366 acre parcel, a major portion of which the Peconic Land Trust is negotiating for the development rights to be purchased by either Suffolk County or the Town of Southold; and Baxter/ Peconic Land Trust, Inc. June 10, 1997 Page 2 WHEREAS, Lot 3 is proposed as a 51 acre parcel to be conveyed to the Town of Southold, and as set forth in the Town Board resolution dated May 27, 1997, the Supervisor has been authorized and directed to execute any and all required documents for the acquisition of said property; and WHEREAS, as detailed in a letter from his attorney, Charles R. Cuddy, dated May 29, 1997, William Baxter Jr., on behalf of himself and the estate of William J. Baxter, has agreed to withdraw the pending seventeen (17) lot proposed subdivision for the property; be it therefore RESOLVED that the Southold Town Planning Board grant sketch approval on the map dated May 27, 1997. Further, the following resolution was also adopted: WHEREAS, the Planning Board has determined that the proposed subdivision plat, which allows for the preservation of the property through a joint acquisition effort of Town Purchase, purchase of development rights and the use of conservation easements, is a plan which provides for the protection of the archeological resources which were of prime concern during the Planning Board's review of the original seventeen lot proposal; and WHEREAS, the Planning Board has determined that the proposed subdivision will not have a significant adverse impact on the environment; be it therefore RESOLVED that the Southold Town Planning Board, acting under the State Environmental Quality Review Act, do an uncoordinated review of this unlisted action. The Planning Board establishes itself as lead agency, and as lead agency makes a determination of non-significance and grants a Negative Declaration. Further, the following resolution was also adopted: BE IT RESOLVED to adopt the report dated June 4, 1997, from the Suffolk County Planning Commission with the following amendments: 1. Condition Number 3 is to be omitted. Any construction or activity which would adversely affect the archeological integrity of the site is addressed by the joint acquisition effort of Town Purchase, purchase of development rights and the use of conservation easements. 2. Condition Number 5 is to be omitted. Access to Lots 2 and 3 shall be subject to review and approval by the NYSDOT. Baxter/Peconic Land Trust, Inc. June 10, 1997 Page 3 3. Condition Number 9 is to be omitted. Any construction or activity which would adversely affect the site is addressed by the joint acquisition effort of Town Purchase, purchase of development rights and the use of conservation easements. The final public hearing, which was held at 7:05 P.M. was closed. The following resolution was adopted: WHEREAS William J. Baxter Jr. and the estate of William J. Baxter are the owners of the property known and designated as SCTM# 1000-116-1-3, located on the south side of Main Road and the north side of New Suffolk Road in Cutchogue; and WHEREAS, this proposed minor subdivision, to be known as Minor Subdivision for Peconic Land Trust, is for 3 lots on 104.0270 acres as described in the Planning Board's resolution granting sketch plan approval; and WHEREAS, the Southold Town Planning Board, pursuant to the State Environmental Quality Review Act, (Article 8, Part 617) declared itself lead agency and issued a Negative Declaration on June 9, 1997; and WHEREAS, the final public hearing was closed on said subdivision application at the Town Hall, Southold; New York on June 9, 1997; and WHEREAS, the Southold Town Planning Board, pursuant to Chapter 58, Notice of Public Hearing, has received affidavits that the applicant has complied with the notification provisions; and WHEREAS, all the requirements of the Subdivision Regulations of the Town of Southold have been met; be it therefore RESOLVED that the Southold Town Planning Board grant conditional final approval on the surveys dated May 27, 1997, and authorize the Chairman to endorse the final surveys subject to fulfillment of the following condition (s). All condition(s) must be met within six (6) months of the date of this resolution: 1. Submission of five final maps, all containing a stamp of approval from the Suffolk County Department of Health. Please feel free to contact the office if you have any questions regarding the above. Sincerely, ~nli~Ui;~-6vu-s-Gu~ ~ Bennett Orlowski, Jr. ~ ~~S Chairman s ~ Baxter/ Peconic Land Trust, Inc. June 10, 1997 Page 4 cc: Charles Cuddy, Attorney for William Baxter Jr. Jean Cochran, Southold Town Supervisor Town Board Members Southold Town Landmark Preservation Commission Joe Gold, Southold Town Land Preservation Committee Stephen Jones, Director, SC Department of Planning William Peters, Cutchogue-New Suffolk Historical Council Abagail Wickham, Attorney for Russell McCall enc. GH_i~?LES A. CLDDY ~TTOHVEY .~T Lair 44.E GRL"FLYG .~VEYL'F. P. O. BOY tbi~ 'I'£L: i51p1 OBD-e3300 RIVERHEAD. V~ llpOl F_iY: iSt O~ O(iO->OBO May 29, 1997 Southold Town Planning Board Town Hall Southold, New York 11971 This is to confirm our understanding that William J. Baxter Jr. has agreed to withdraw the existing subdivision application pending before the Planning Board upon the specific condition that the Board approve, not later than June 30, 1997, a subdivision of the parcel proposed by Peconic Land Trust into two or three lots, one of which is to be conveyed to the Town of Southold. This is to confirm that the owner, William J. Baxter Jr. indiv- idally and as co-executor of the Estate of William J. Baxter has granted permission to Peconic Land Trust to proceed with the subdivision as above indicated. In the event that the two or three lot subdivision as referred to is not completed by June 30, 1997, as evidenced by a resolution of the Planning Board, then it is the specific understanding of William J. Baxter Jr. individually and as co-executor of the Estate of William J. Baxter that the existing subdivision application and all of the proceedings in connection with that application will be reinstated. If this is not the understanding of the Planning Board or if you have any questions whatsoever concerning the contents of this letter, please promptly contact me. Thank you. Very truly yours, i ~-L , ~ i J,/,rj,. Charles R. Cuddy CRC/ec 7 ~ i~ ~ r, - ~,i! li i~ 1 \I ~ G::- i~-_'._ LJ - - i .;o~os,~F~ar--~co G dL°DITH T. TERRY ` Town Aall, 53095 lfain Road TOWV CLERK ti P.O. Box 1179 ~r T Jouthold, ~Tew York 11971 REGiSTRdR OF VfT.~2, 3T~SISTICS ~ O - ' t+ ~I2.RRI_~GE OFFICER 0~: Far (516) 465-1923 RECORDS MA.ti~,GEME:7T OFtiCER = Oj S, Telephone (516> 765-1800 FREEDOM OF LrT'OR:'YLITION OFFICER OFFICE OF THE TOWN" CLERK TOWV OF SOliTHOLD THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE FOLLOWING RESOLUT]ON WAS ADOPTED BY THE SOUTHOLD TOWN BOARD AT A REGULAR MEETING HELD ON ,NAY 27, 1997: 'NHEREAS, the Town 3oard of the Town of Southold wishes to purchase the open space property or 'Nilliam J. 3axter, Jr.; and 'BHEREAS, the Town 3oard 'Held a public hearing with respect to said acquisition on the 2ith day of ~41ay, 1997, pursuant to the provisions or the Southold Town Code; and 'NHEREAS, the ~ own Board deems it in the pubiic interest that the Town or Southold acquire the open spat; as set north in the propo<_ed acquisition bet•,veen the -own of Southold and 'Plilliam J. Baxter, Jr.; now, therefore, be it RESOLVED that the Town 3oard hereby e?ects to purchase the open space proeerty or" '+Jilliam J. 3axter, Jr., compn.sinc 3i acres, at a sale price of 52J,300.00 per acre; said property located on the south side of NYS Route 25, Cutchoeue, ;Vew Yor:<; and 'oe it FURTHER RESOLVED that the Town Cier!< be and she hereby is authorizes ar.d directed to give notice of such acceatance to 'Nilliam J. Baxter, Jr.; and be it FURTHER RESOLVED that the Supervisor be and hereby is authorized and directed to execute any and all required documents for the acquisition of .said property, all in accordance with the approval of the Town Attorney. Judith T.~e~~~~J Southold Tawn C]eric ,4fay 28, 1997 _ ~ • • COUNTY OF SUFFOLK a. R anti ' RGBERT J. GafcraEr SUFFOIx COUNT`f EtECl1PVE ' R$PkE4 M. JGNE$, 4.1. C. P. ' ~^.EPAR?'.NENr pF pL,.a' NNING DIRECTOR Of PUNNING Jana 4, 1997 Mr. Richard G. V4!azd, Chairman ' Town of Southold Planning Boazd Main Road ' Southold, New York 11971 Re: ":tilinor Subdivision - Pecoaic Laad Trust" Dear Sir: :'ae Suffolk County P!aa*tir.; Commission at its regular meeting on June 4, 1997. reviewed the proposed subdivision plat, entitled, "~tiror Subdivision - Peco:uc Land T.*ust", referred to it otus~uant to Sectiop ~sI? ~~,.a.tticle ?CIV of the Suffolk L"ounry Adtztiaistrative Cody. The attachzd Resoluticr_ signifies action taken by the Commission relative to this application. Very truly yours, Stephen M. Jones Director of Planning Y Robert E. Rieken, Principal Planner Subdivision Raview Section RERxc File: S-SD-97-02 Attachment ' • rCOMUR WPOIRR~TR WPO _K.. ._...i ~ 0.~ n. -r...., l -4'._cp~'._,_. `a. 1)UN.r. ..'3ECgCa ¦ al 3:. 1 raE ..iifir _`J~..-. • • • File No. S-SD-9'~-U2 R~ctutien No. ZSR-9; U or" Sutiolk County Planning Commission Pursuant to Szcticrs .411=<w, .~.'ticle XIV of Suffolk County Administrative: Code 'N'1-iE~.4S, pursuant to Szetions Ai~4 Article XIV of the Suffolk County Administrative Code, a referral was received by the Suffolk County Planning Commission on ?one 3, 199?, wah respzct to a proposed plat zntitled, "Minor Subdivision - Peconic .Land Trust" submitted by the Town of Southold Plaguing Board, affecting; premises located on the northerly sidz of New Sut3olk Avenue, opposite Beachwood Drive. Cutchogue, and t,VHE2E.-~S, said referal was considered by the Suffolk County Platmin_ Commission at its meeting o+t Iune 4, 19)7, and W1-?EI2E3S, the Con~rnission has voted to approve, with cer<ain changes. said referral, Be It Therzfote Ri50LVED, T-r~*. 'he Suffolk County Planaiu; Commission hereby approves anti adopts the report of its star as the report of the Cotnntission, Be I[ Further R,°.SOL~i nD, That said proposed plat is approved subject to the following conditions: i. ~C lot shall 02 StibdlVldl'"~ 07 lIS lot Iinzs changed in any manner at any future date unless uuthorizzd'oy the Southold Town Planning Beard. Sind this tract has :he potential to be further subdivided, any subdivision of ary part of this tract in the future shall have a map or"the subdivision filed in the office of the County Clerk. i. That portion of lot :containing the area of archaeological significance shall be protected by means of a restrictive covenant precluding any construction or activity' which would adv'zrsely affect the archeological integrity of the site. 4 All stotnrwater runoff resulting from the dz•~zlopment and improvetnent of this .subdivision or any of its lots shall bz retained on the sit. by adequate ,rainagz structures so that it will not flow out onto the right-ol=way of Main Road- a state road. in order to minimize dtz number of access points on Main Road, and the insure *.:'~t :.:ere ~oti':l pct be any cnnP.icts betvreen :lee points of access that sre crratz:., -ors ? and = S~.ali be nzstriaed to a single point of access for each lot. Consideration sir,11 ez given to establishing, dtrougn [h.: creation of zasamznts, cernnnon use of a coaunon access point. 6.: do ne.v residential structure ar sanitary disposal facility shall be consrr_cted or athervise lacatzd within 100 feet a2 Down's Creek. No stomt~.ater runori resulting fram the dzvelopment and improvement of the subdivisian or any ai its Tats shall be discharged into the adjoining •.vetlards. 3. Erosion and sediment control measures shall be required dtuing and immedia[e!y after construction on each lot to ivtuc that storriwater runoff will not cam eroded and other deleterious materials into Down's Creek and the tide! wetlands bordering the creek. 9. A conservation ar scenic easement having a minimum width of l00 fczt shall be established aion; the shoreline of Down's Ctczk to irswe that no development adverse to the aesthetic quality of the shoreline will take placz along the shoreline. Clearing and cutting within this area shall bz limited to that 'necessary for ,t,roper maintenance and rcmaval of diseased- decayzd or dead material aad obnoxiaus plant species. Such clearing and c:itiing shat be subject to review by the Town ro insure proper maintenance amt przszrvation of the natural buffer. Motion by: Commissioner Cichanowicz Seconded by: Commissioner Rosavitch Cotrs_*nission Vate: Present - 13 Yz•ts 13 Nays 0 Abstentions 0 Dated. June 4, 1997 Hauppau~z, New York Suffolk Qouniy; Planning Commission A~NESO~UTIVVNE15091.017UN . • ~~g~~rFQ1,fC' • PLANNING BOARD MEMBERS @a _ QA _ ~ - Town Hall, 53095 Main Road BENNETT ORLOWSKI, JR. o P.O. Box 1179 y Chairman ~ T - Southold, New York 11971 WILLIAM J. CREMERS 'tea r ~ Fax (516) 765-3136 KENNETH L. EDWARDS - ~~iJ O' GEORGE RITCHIE LATHAM, JR. [ ~ ~ Telephone (516) 765-1938 RICHARD G. WARD w_c PLANNING BOARD OFFICE TOWN OF SOUTHOLD State Environmental Quality Review NEGATIVE DECLARATION Notice of Determination Non-Significant June 9, 1997 This notice is issued pursuant to Part 617 of the implementing regulations pertaining to Article 8 (State Environmental Quality Review Act) of the Environmental Law. The Southold Town Planning Board, as lead agency, has determined that the proposed action described below will not have a significant effect on the environment and a Draft Environmental Impact Statement will not be prepared. Name of Action: Proposed minor subdivision for William J. Baxter/Peconic Land Trust (a.k.a. Fort Corchaug property) SCTM#: 1000-116-1-3 Location: South side of Main Rd. 8 North side of New Suffolk Ave. SEAR Status: Type I ( ) Unlisted (X ) Conditioned Negative Declaration: Yes ( ) No (X) Description of Action: Subdivision of 104.0270 acre parcel into 3 lots. A limited DevelopmenUConservation Plan has been prepared by the Peconic Land Trust for the 104.0270 acre parcel using a variety of private and public conservation tools toward the protection of a significant archaeological site, active farmland, and pristine woodland with limited residential development. Lot 1 is proposed as a 15.3905 acre wooded parcel that the Peconic Land Trust is under contract to sell in January of 1998 subject to a reserved easement reducing the development potential of the property to one residential unit. Page 2 SEAR Negative Declaration -BaxtedPeconic Land Trust June 9, 1997 Lot 2 is proposed as a 37.6366 acre parcel, a major portion of which the Peconic Land Tnast is negotiating for the development rights to be purchased by either Suffolk County or the Town of Southold. Lot 3 is proposed as a 51 acre parcel to be conveyed to the Town of Southold, and as set forth in the Town Board resolution dated May 27, 1997, the Supervisor has been authorized and directed to execute any and all required documents for the acquisition of said property. Reasons Supporting This Determination: An Environmental Assessment Form has been submitted and reviewed, and it was determined that no significant adverse effects to the environment were likely to occur should the project be implemented as planned. The proposed subdivision plat, which allows far the preservation of the property through a joint acquisition effort of Town Purchase, purchase of development rights and the use of conservation easements, is a plan which provides for the protection of the archeological resources . The applicant will have to comply with the requirements of the Suffolk County Sanitary Code (SCSC) and all relevant standards of water supply and sewage disposal systems. Design and flow specification, subsurface soil conditions and site plan details will have to be approved by the Suffolk County Department of Health Services (SCDHS). This impact is not considered significant due to the anticipated project compliance with established requirements of the SCSC and the SCDHS and the required relevant permits. For Further Information: Contact Person: Melissa Spiro Address: Planning Board Telephone Number: (516) 765-1938 cc: John P. Cahill, DEC Albany Roger Evans, DEC Stony Brook Suffolk County Dept. of Health Suffolk County Planning Commission Suffolk County Water Authority New York State Dept. of Transportation Judith Terry, Town Clerk Southold Town Trustees Applicant FILE: Fort Corchaug Peconic Land Trust Town Depts.-Planning Board 'gUFFO(~- iyJp~~ COG~`~~ JUDITH T. TERRY ~a= ~ Town Hall, 53095 Main Road TOWN CLERK y ~ P.O. Box 1179 k x Southold, New York 11971 REGISTRAR OF VITAL STATISTICS T~ O ~ Fax (516) 765-1823 MARRIAGE OFFICER a~+y~1J0 a~~- Telephone (516) 765-1800 RECORDS MANAGEMENT OFFICER 1~ FREEDOM OF INFORMATION OFFICER `~-a~~^' OFFICE OF THE TOWN CLERK TOWN OF SOUTHOLD THIS 1S TO CERTIFY THAT THE FOLLOWING RESOLUTION WAS ADOPTED BY THE SOUTHOLD TOWN BOARD AT A REGULAR MEETING HELD ON JUNE 10, 1997: RESOLVED that the Town Board of the Town of Southold hereby authorizes and directs Supervisor Jean VJ. Cochran to execute the Environmental Protection Fund Grant Agreement, between the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation and the town of Southold for the Fort Corchaug Park Project, in the amount of SZ00,000, subject to the approval of the Town Attorney. udi` `~T. eT Southold Town Clerk June 11, 1997 v ~ i RESOLVED the Town Board of the Town of Southold hereby authorizes and directs Supervisor Jean Cochran to si;n the Environmental Protection Fund Grant Agreement, between the ~IYS Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation and the Town of Southold for the Fort Corchaug Park Project, in the amount of 5200,000., subject to the approval of the Town Attorney. If you have any questions on the above, please contact Jim ~Ic~Iahon • FILE: Fort Corchaug NYS.-Parks, Recreation, & Hist. Pres. c. ~ . ~ a r . ~~Y W. COCHRaN - - Town Hall. 33095 Nair. Road SL~~R~'SOR _ ?.0. Sox ll79 `gip Southold, \ew York ll9S1 __~1,~0/ ~~C~-. Fax (Si61'65-1823 ]~j _ Telephone n16} ;65-1389 OFFICE OF THE SL-PERVISOR TOWti OF SOtiTHOL.D NIEVIOR?~~iDUM To: Town Board From: Jean Cochran, Supervisor Date: June 1997 Re: Nature Water Stuart Lowry, Nature Conservancy, and Tim Caufield, Peconic Land Trust, will walls with us through Fort Corchaug, Arshamonoque, and ;vlarratooka Park on Friday, June 13, 1997. We will leave Town Hall at 9:00 a.m. and will probably spend into the afternoon on our walls. Please tet Ruthanne know if you will be able to join us. i rbw FILE: Nature Conservancy Peconic Land Trust Fort Corchaug • Y ~~SUFFOC~-~; ANTON7A BOOTH 'h`Z~ ~Gy = Southold Town Hall, c P.O. Box 1179, "03095 Hain Road TOWN HISTORIAN ~ ~ ~ ~ 2 ~ Southold, New York 11971 ~ (516) 765-1981 OFFICE OF THE HISTORIAN TOWN OF SOUTHOLD May 28, 1997 Supervisor Jean Cochran Southold Town Hall Southold, N.Y. 11971 Dear Jean, I can't tell you how thrilled I am about the acquisition and preservation of Fort Corchaug. A lot of good people have worked hard for a long time to preserve this invaluable site.You mentioned at the last department heads meeting that a committee will be formed to decide how best to protect the site of the original fort so I want to pass along a few thoughts from a meeting almost ten years ago. In July of 1988, I and others (including Jim McMahon) were at a full day meeting with Professor Ralph Solecki of Columbia University. As you know, Dr. Solecki wrote his thesis on Fort Corchaug and is arguably the country's greatest expert on that important Native American site. Dr. Solecki`s hope was that the site of the original fort be left as is to protect whatever artifacts are in situ. Next to it he thought should be a partial reconstruction of the fort. It should be on the same sized property as the original with the same orientation toward the points of the compass and the same relation to Down's Creek as Fort Corchaug. This reconstruction, said Dr. Solecki, should be used as a passive recreation site with story boards describing the history and uses of the fort to visitors. This seems like a good idea to keep in mind while developing a plan for the use of this property. Congratulations! ~,L Antonia Booth FILE: Town Depts-Historian Fort Corchaug • • ~ • • ~ CUTCHOGUE•NEW SUFFOLK HISTORICAL COUNCIL Cutchogue - Long Island -New York 11935 May 19, 1997 RKEIVED MAY 2 1991 Southold Town Board ~ 7own Southold, DIY, i 1971 -Dear Boazd Members; Tn February, 1997 the Cutchogue-ve~~' Suffolk Historical Council passed a resolution with respect to the preservarion of the Fort Corchaug Site.. This Resolution was sent to over 200 Historical Societies and other pettineat organizations in Nassau and Suffolk Cotmties requesting that they endorse our resolution and retain it to us. (Copy enclosed) Attached for your information is the list of organizations that have endorsed our resolution to date. Sincerely, r- ~ r ~ ~ y _ William Peters, Trustee Cutchogue-New Suffolk Historical Council f . CUTCHOGUE-NEW SUFFOLK HISTORICr1L COiJNCII. February 11, 1997 To: The Stt$olk County Legislature Re: Fort Corchaug Whereas the Fort Corchaug archeological site in Cutchogue, Long Island is recognized as the last undisttubed Indian fort on the Eastern seaboard; Whereas it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places; Whereas the Fort site represents a unique example of the Native American -Contact period with European Colonial culture; Whereas preliminary exploration has produced evidence of habitation south of the fort and the possibility of discovering burial grounds in the surrounding area; Whereas the fort has been shown to have been not only a refuge but also an important wampum making and trading center Whereas, in addition, its undisturbed woodlands, wetlands and tidal marsh have been designated a Significant Coastal Fish and Wildlife Habitat by Nea~ 1"ork State; Whereas the Southold Planning Board has before it an application for subdivision of the 105 acres constituting the Fort Corchaug property; ~~Vltereas the Suffolk Counry Archeological association deems it an archeologcal national treasure; Therefore be it resolved that the Suffolk County Legislature approve appropriation of funds for purchase of the Fort Corchaug parcel in association with Southold Town and New York State. Unanunously approti~ed by the Cutchogue-New Suffollc Historical Council Jlli97 V' ' »a iVlccaffery, Secre y Please sign and rettun in the enclosed envelope. Thank you. The endorses the resolution appro~ed'oy Name of Organization the Cutchogue-New Suffolk Historical Council. Signed Tide 1 r ~ nR~,ANIZATION OFFICER Mattituck Historical Society John Klingel, President Moriches Bay Historical Society Christopher Berdan, Presiden[ Seaford Historical Society Joshua Sozen, President Suffolk County Historical Society William W. Droy, Director Greenlawn-Centerport Historical Association Laurie Dougher, Director Hempstead Village Historical Society Cazol L. Clarke, President Goose Bay Civic Association Mazk Luerheim, Vice President Wantagh Preservation Society Joshua L. Sozen, President Three Village Historical Society Mazgazet H. Duels, President Riverhead Free Library Katherine Kalanz, Director Lindenhurst Historical Society Sidney A. Ellis, President Southold Historical Society Donald M. Bayles, President Smithtown Historical Society Bradley E. Hom, President bfattituck-Soltaire, Inc. Joseph Manduca, Treasurer Bridge Hampton Historical Society Margaret Stocker, Director Southold Bay Haven Property Owners Assoc., Inc. GuyeJa ob, C'hairmansident Long Island Sierra Club Oyster Bay Historical Society Thomas A. Kuehhas, Director NY League of Conservation Voters Tarie yfuler, Executive Director Springs Historical Society Lill A. Anderson, President Lake Ronkotilcoma Historical Society ylarjorie Raynor, President Amityville Historical Society loAnre Brower, Vice President Science Museum of Long Island John Lovet, Ph.D., Director Long Beach Historical & Preservation Society Alexandra Kazafinas, Chairperson Sea Cliff Landmazks Association Charlie Hausmann, President Sag Harbor Historical Society Dorothy Zaykowski, Office Mgr. The Open Space Council Marilyn England, President Freeport Historical Society Isabelle Drach, President Bellport-Brookhaven Historical Society Robert F. Sudliodret, President Manorville Historical Society Dorothy K. Magnani, President Historical Society of the Massapequas Raymond 1. Averna, President Eastville Community Historical Society Marjorie Day, President Farmingdale-Bethpage Historical Society Barbara Post, President Brentwood Historical Society Frank Cannon, President Long Island Studies Institute at Hofsua University Noraman R. Wynne,Dr~President Southold-Peconic Seniors Club Hampton Bays Historical Preservation Society Alexandra B. Sullivan, President East Rockaway Grist Mill Museum Mary J. Gepson, Chairperson Gloria Christiano, Co-Chair Miller Place-Mt. Sinai Historical Society Thomas Clark, Vice President Planting Fields Foundation Lorraine Gilligan, Chief Operating Officer Sayville Historical Society Suzanne Robilotta. President Sterling Historical Society Frank (Spazky) Coyle Rocky Point Historical Society Darla Curik, President FILE: Historical Societies Fort Corchaug • • i g eve n (516) 360-3474 • FAX 36x3622 ASSOCIATES BOX 5305 550 ROUTE 111 HAUPPA~GE, NY 11788 May 12, 1997 Jean Cochran, Supervisor Town of Southold Town Hall 53095 Main Road Southold, N. Y. 11971 Re: Baxter Farms/Fort Corchaug Dear Supervisor Cochran: As per your request, I have reviewed my file on the above property and conducted a market study, for the purpose of addressing your value questions. I originally appraised the subject as a 105.6± acre parcel of land, as of April 6, 1994. Subsequent to the preparation of that appraisal, I prepared a separate letter analysis for 65.61 acres dated September 26, 1994 and another analysis for 371 acres of the subject, which was presented to the town in a letter format on January 6, 1995. It is my understanding that the Town of Southold now is considering the purchase of 50f acres in the northeasterly portion of the subject. In my original appraisal, I arrived at a value for the subject's 105.61 acres of land; of which approximately 40 acres were farmed, 58.4 acres are wooded and 7.2 acres contain wetlands of $20,000.00 per acre, or 105.61 acres @ $20,000.00 = $2,112, 000.00. In my September 26, 1994 letter, I used my original appraisal as a basis and considered the subject without the 40 acres of cleared farmland. Based upon this analysis, I concluded a value of $23,000.00 per acre for the 65.61 acres of woodlands and tidal wetlands, for a total value of $1,509,000.00. In my January, 1995 letter, I reviewed my previous appraisal, from which I estimated a value of $24,000.00 per acre fora 371 acre portion of the subject located in the northeasterly portion of the property. REAL ESTATE APPRAISERS AND CONSULTANTS ~ • • Jean Cochran, Supervisor May 12, 1997 Based upon my current market study, I feel recent market activity does not support a significant change in my previously estimated values, therefore, I conclude that the previously estimated values for the subject are still a reasonable estimate of current market value, i.e., the 105.61 acres of the subject still has a value of $20,000.00 per acre, a 65.61 acre portion of the subject still has a value of $23,000.00 per acre and a 371 acre portion of the subject still has a value of $24,000.00 per acre. Based upon the above, I conclude the current value of the 501 acres the Town of Southold is now considering for purchase is in a range from a low of $23,000.00 per acre to a high of $24,000.00 per acre, or $1,150,000.00 to $1,200,000.00. Please note that as per your request, I have not prepared a new appraisal of the subject property and the above value estimates are based upon my inspection and research of the subject, as of April, 1994, and my current market study. Should you have any questions or would like to discuss this matter further, please call me. Thank you for this opportunity to serve you. Sincerely, PATRICK A. GIVEN, SRPA PAG:Ia CC: Peconic Land Trust given associates ` ~ • APPRAISER'S QUALIFICATIONS PATRICK A. GIVEN, SRPA DESIGNATIONS: S RPA/Appraisal Institute CSA-G/Columbia Society of Real Estate Appraisers MEMBER: Senior member of the Long Island Chapter of the Appraisal Institute; Senior member and Governor of Columbia Society of Real Estate Appraisers; New York State Society of Real Estate Appraisers; National Association of Real Estate Boards; New York State Association of Reaf Estate Boards; Lang Island Board of Realtors EDUCATION: A.A.S. -Suffolk County Community College; B.B.A. - Hofstra University; Society of Real Estate Appraisers; Course 101, Introduction to Real Estate Appraising Course 201, Income Property Valuation Course 202, Applied Income Property Appraising Standards of Professional Practice Columbia Society of Real Estate Appraisers; Course I and II Attended various seminars and lectures on real estate appraising given associates APPRAISER'S QUALIFICATIONS (CONTINUED) PATRICK A. GIVEN, SRPA STATE CERTIFICATION: Patrick A. Given has been certified as a General Real Estate Appraiser by the State of New York, Certificate #46000000704 EXPERIENCE: Patrick A. Given is a real estate appraiser and consultant and is the owner of Given Associates, 550 Route 111, Hauppauge, New York 11788. He has been active in the real estate and appraisal field for more than twenty years. Licensed real estate broker. Past Chairman of Town of Smithtown's Board of Assessment Review. Has lectured on real estate appraising at Stony Brook University and Hofstra University. Has prepared appraisals for the Federal Government, State of New York (various agencies), County of Suffolk, Town of Smithtown, Town of Islip, Town of Babylon, Town of Southampton, Town of Southold, Town of East Hampton, Suffolk County Water Authority, incorporated villages, banks, corporations, attorneys, estates, school districts and individuals. These appraisals have included all forms of real estate, such as residential, commercial, industrial and leaseholds. Has testified as an expert in real estate values in the Federal District Court, Supreme Court of New York (both Nassau and Suffolk Counties) and New York State Court of Claims. Has been tested and qualified as a fee appraiser by the State of New York. given associates ,~~t ~r~ P~ SHINNECOCK NATION CULTURAL ~ l/}w~ ~~^,,,1; cry ~ CENTER AND MUSEUM ~~z.%~ Shinnecock Reservation, P.O. Box 5059, Southampton, NY 11969 5=~~-''~~' r d ~u-~ Phone: 516-287-4923 1 Board Members Edwin Garre¢, President Betty Cromwell, ice President Elisabeth Haile, Secretary Dennis King Lucille Bosley Eugene Cuftee, II ~ati~~t MQ-~~~~~ April 16, 1997 Southold Town Planning Board Office of Supervisor, Town Hall Main Road, Southold, NY 11971 Dear Sirs, The Board of Directors of the Shinnecock Nation Cultural Center and Museum wish to join you in your concern for the preservation of the valuable archaeological site at Fort Corchaug in Southold Township. It has been respectfully suggested that Southold Town develop Stipulations which would be adhered to by those who will be responsible for archaeological excavations at the Fort Corchaug site. Enclosed please find the Memo dated April 19, 1991 which was the format for excavation control at the Klugh/Mecox site in Southampton Town. As the Board of Directors of the Shinnecock Nation Cultural Center & Museum, we wish to be at your service if called upon for advice regarding human remains at the Fort Corchaug site. We understand that Southold Town is hoping to avoid losing this archaeological treasure and is working towards acquisition of the entire parcel. We support you in this for the preservation of our common heritage. Very truly yours, The Board of Directors ~/;~`~~Ci.~C~7?,:- J ti (vim `1Jw~:.._.- V n~ I I L' 6~ ~ V / / l~~ ~ T ~ Shinnecock Nation Museum Seal SOU~HOLD T1riVN The seal has a drawing of the whale as a focus, which was a major provider of food and a major power in spiritual belie Beat arc of ¢adidonal Shinnecock :uitu: e. T.1e ~+~igaam, ;hundercirri 'woman, and man with traditional pipe symbolize ¢adirional cultural practice. npt i l 1!1. 19"I 7•fE}fo I'I;t,I'l: SII111R1{I:iJCh I:A'!'10!r' ARCIIAEOLOGICAL AllVISORY COP1h1ITTEE JU, lih. 'i'tlil '1'NURSEIJ-SOU'1'IIAI.IPTON TOWN PLANNING DEPT. III;. I;t11' l;]IDES-SUUTIlAA1PTON TOWN PLANNING 130ARD c1,uV1iR nhCllnl:OLOGICnL SERVICES, INC. ;'tll'.JI~•t.l: 5'1'JI'IILAT]Oh1S PERTAINING TO STAGE 3 ARCHnEOLOGICAL I';iCi,VA'J'lUA' A'1' kLUGII/19ECUX SITE STIPULATIONS J• !+t le;~st tliree(3) Shinnecock people, approved by the `~h;nue•coclL ,1rciuteolorical Advisory Committee ISAAC), '°"st I„-' present aC all ti:ues during the excavations, P:~rticil:nt.int; as~trainees in the escacation process. L I'il'I,c accr:::: tv the site till be strictly limited to t_I"vet' I''t:-v?ncl, Shinnecvck trainees, and individuals appturcd •by the 5AAC. i'hcrc trill be no photography, video taping, and/vr uther methods of archival documentation ' unloa:< v's a major part of the er.cavation~process utiJizod by Clover or approved by the SAAC. i. Atl objects recovered aC the site kill be professionally L,,tnloLued and studied Uy Clover and temporarily kept under ~,te I:ec•ping by Clover with access available to the :e 1,l llal.•C UCIL Archaevl ogical Advisory Committee. _,'!71. objects recovered at the`site Will become's'part of prrm~nu•nC collections of the Shinnecock Nation tluseum/ t'ultural Center Co~plex-upon completion of the physical far.ilities: '1'6cy will be made available to the general ~ hxcavation :cite shoulJ be placed under some. sort of survei]lance patrol L•y'local•,police'in order t`o•guard ' ui•:ti tt=:t vandelism and desecration. is r."=~ 't: • - `i. _ ti I ~ • April 17, I'.!')1 t,age 2 hi li 1.10 . G. I C I:::mnu t c:nnins arc uncovered; :;r:+v;+tiuu nt the site of the human remains will. cease im:uedintely, followed by immediate t~'~npu:'nry reburial. ~O+ily enough. evidence may be :~inuved in order to pro4e the nature or age of r!~•: rrm;+ins. L•'xcayaCions may continue =.lsewhere. I:y::~c• Period of eight (8) weeks will be set, ~lu+"ii+tt +rhich human remains will be held in ~~:n~p~:rorY ictermeut until the medicine person '':~n 1'u present to officiate at removal and pcrm;;nenC reburial. ';hinurcock Archaeological ~?dvisory Committee will r~nt.nct a shar.:au or medicine person and minister, io ~~versee reburial. Travel er.penses and accomo- J:~ti~nic: for medicine person will be funded as part o[ U+o excavation process. d. !;c burial will .occ ur al a place known. only Co .;::t i yr A:::ericar.. people and will be private. c. '::rit~en acl:nowledgemer.t.and agreement to these-~ SC1 pU 13 L'lOnS by the Southampton Town-Planning i:ward and llepartmenC and Clover Archaeological Services Lie. must be.received by the Shinnecock Archueological Advisory Committee no later than cighC (8) weeps prior to the,~eginning.of;, esr.a::+tion. . ~ _ ~ Ilavid P.unn tlartine, Shinnecock Nation Arcl~acological :?dvi:;ury Committee P, lI. :?uz 1285 . .`ioutit:unptun, il.l'. 11969 Shinnecock Ration Archaeological'.:::' Ad :•isory Committee David Bunn t•lartine 1!arry Williams Eugene CuEfee, Trustee. - - FILE: Shinnecock Reservation Town Depts.-Planry'ng Board Fort Corchaug • M~ tj CL~TCHOGL'E-YEtiV SL'FFOLI: HISTORICAL COUrCIL Cutchogue, Long Island, dew York March 20, 1997 Southold Town Planning Board: Southold, Yew York Re: Fort Corchaug Whereas the Fort Corchaug archaeological site in Cutchogue, Long island is recognized as the last undisturbed Indian Fort on the Eastern Seaboard, and Whereas it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and Whereas the Fort Site represenu a unique example of the Native American Contact period with European Colonial Culture, and Whereas preliminary exploration has produced evidence of habitation south of the Fort and the possibility of discovering burial ;rounds in the surrounding area, and Whereas the Fort has been shown to have been not only a refuge but also an important wampum making and trading center, and Whereas, in addition, its undisturbed woodlands, wetlands and tidal marsh have been designated a Significant Coastat Fish and Wildlife Habitat by Yew York State, and Whereas the Southold Town Planning Board has before it an application for subdivision of 105 acres constituting the Fort Corchaug property. and Whereas the Suffolk County Archaeological Association deems it an archaeological national treasure, Therefore be it resolved that all legal action be taken to preserve this site and that additional funds be obtained to purchase the entire Fort Corchaug parcel in association with Southold Town and Yew York State. Unanimously approved by the Cutchogue-view Suffolk Historical Council, 2/11/97. William Peters, Trustee _ J File: Historical Societies Fort Corchaug • FILE: Shinnecock Reservation Town Depts.-Planyng Board Fort Corchaug • ~f i ~ cour+cn M~eEns .wvLSORs CHIEF-R08ERT PHARACIH ROBERT M HARRIS OLNE PHARAOH SAM ALLAN WILLIAM PHARAOH MosvNUaR~av~rv+ CAROIYN DFIARAOH . fly Aiarch 9,.1997 / Mr. Bennett Orlowskl,Jr.,Chair Southold Town Planning Office P.0. Bb~ 11?9 Southold, N.Y. 119?1 Dear A;r. Orlow.,ki: ~s one of the bond Island AI?tive :!mericans; AlontavUatt, li.ing in the 3outh~l~3 Township, I wlh to express uiy .•:holehearted support of the acquisition of the =retire Fort: Corchaug site by t'na "Town" and other supplementary agencies spa request th~.t develocment of the parcel pct take place. lhs t'~o~aght of develorment on thrt parcel is very disturbing to se as it is er_e more insult that we Native peopl~a are ~.Jsed to accept for someone else's selfish interests. The entire Peninsula where Fort Cor- chaug is located was a significant habitation zone for the Native peo- Dles ar_a Indian Shores Subdivison is a mayor portion of this peninsula. :e have been inforKed as to the inadequate archaeological survey done for the Environmental Ictpact Statement and feel that any further pursinit to develop this parcel would reflect the lack of sincere efforts to preserve the Native cultur::1 identity ir_ the oonmunity. It is our belief that local government should put forth all effort in preserving a cultural resource that's both en educational and economic resource to the " Town". Please be essured that if St were possible, I would express this In Gerson, however, due to worl: schedu'_es, i felt it neces=sry to try an type this letter. ?lso, I f=e1 I've expressed my c~•~ce:ns to other Native people ~.+rho will ba pres°nt during your public hearing. .I s i ' / ~ ~ fi ~~~p ~.~~i"~C.u-Gh `~^~rGt/'z'~Z.. L=a.~ ~ L~ W ` ~•Y-u~ ~ ~ .u.~ i vi111am 3. Ir~rri3 ~ ;~a° A'iont~.ukett 'Trsbal ~°rebc' gCu„'tu;;~rn,:;.;~ ~ File: Font Corchaug ? "H" - Gen • i ~ • !A 4 • NEW YORK ST:1TE OFFICE OF PAARS, RECRE~IlON AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION Bernadette Cacao George E Pataki Commissioner Governor February 10, 1997 Ms. Jean Cochran Supervisor Town of Southold P.O. Box 1179 Southold, New York 11971 Deaz Ms. Cochran: Thank you for your letter concerning the archeological site of Fort Corchaug. This site is one of the few azcheological sites in the state that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and I share your great concern for the site's preservation. Towazd that end, on Friday, January 17th, Deputy Commissioner Wint Aldrich, Assistant Commissioner Dominic Jacangelo, and our chief archeologist Robert Kuhn met with Richard Ward of your Planning Board to discuss the issues of site acquisition and protection. We strongly support the town's acquisition of this site and I am personally pleased that the Office of Pazks, Recreation and Historic Preservation has been able to provide you with 5200,000 through the Environmental Protection Fund (EPF) grant program towazd that acquisition -the maximum grant we have given under this program. I am well aware that, unfortunately, this acquisition will only enable the town to acquire a portion of the Fort Corchang site and that the remaining portion is currently being threatened as a result of a proposed residential subdivision. Currently, the state of New York is not in a position to step in and acquire the remainder of the site. However, OPl2HP does offer its assistance to you and your Planning Boazd in its review of this subdivision proposal, to ensure that any potential unpacts to the Fort Corchaug site are reduced or mitigated through appropriate project design or archeological excavations. In addition, we strongly encourage the town to continue its consultation with the landowner with a goal towards additional Lmd acquisition. Having the entire site of Fort Corchaug owned and monitored by the Town of Southold, and appropriately protected and interpreted for the general public, should be everyone's goal. r~ r. n J r_..__.._.'~ 1~ Empire State Plaza • Agenry Bui]ding 1 • Albany, New York 12298 ~ ~ 14 518-4740463•FA7L•518-4741365 SU?E:;Y:o~c.:; C: ' „ ~ Ms. Jean Cochran Page 2 February 10, 1997 Finally, it is expected that the project will require a State Tidal Wetlands Permit. The N7YS Department of Environmental Conservation is aware of our agency's wish to submit extensive comments on this permit application. It may lie the case that this project, as presently envisioned, would have an adverse impact on the archeological resources of the State. A condition that we would seek to mitigate through the permit process. Please do not hesitate to contact Robert Kuhn at (518) 237-8643 ext. 255 if there is any assistance or additional guidance that we can Provide. We look forward to working closely with you on this initiative in the future. Most sincerely, Bernadette Castro Commissioner and State Historic Preservation Officer cc: Ray Cowen, Director NYS DEC/LI Region 4 ` File; NYS Parks, Recreation, & Historic Preservation Fort Corchaug • Jam- / T~~AS AbzM U!~IVERS~T DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGI' COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGE STATION, TEAS 77843-4352 14091 845-5242'5260 r0"~: t. ~ 1 i• ` Nov. 6, 1996 Dss. Jean Cochran, Town Supervisor Town of Southold Southold, New York Dear Ms. Cochran, I was clad to make your accuaintance at the committee meeting held in the Cutchogue library concerning Fort Cor- chaug, and the question of its purchase. In my researches regarding the fort property, I came across a statement made over a hundred years ago. It was made by a noted historian from Sag Harbor, William Wallace Tooker in 1893. He said that "This historic place should be purchased, the trees trimmed and fenced in for preservation." It shows that as long as over a hundred years aac people were already thinking about the problem. With best wishes, Sincerely y r Ral S. S ecki Adj. Frof. (Prof. Emeritus, Columbia Univ.) n ~2 p r..~_.-~...._.... N01~ 12 v' i f: _ Archaeology Conservation Ethnology Folklore Geoarchaeology Nautical Archaeology Nutritional Anthropology Paleoethnobotany Palynology Physical Anthropology Zooarchaeology FILE: Fort Corchaug General "T" • t • • October 12, 1996 Mr. Richard Ward, Chairman Town of Southold Planning Board RGCGiVF~ Town Hall ;Main Road ~Gj - ~ 194E Southold, NY 11971 5CUt11C1C'i T^'d/n ('Ie~It re: INDIAN SHORES Dear Mr. Ward: The Peconic Land Trust performs a very admirable service to the east end of Long Island as it acts to preserve the open space and agricultural heritage and rural quality of the two forks. It is an organization that deserves much praise and credit for manyjobs well done. Yet, it must be acknowledged that the Trust is not a panacea for all of the ills and pressures that the Town of Southold (as well as other east end towns) face from the encroachment of residential development. In the case of the development of Indian Shores, the presence of the Peconic Land Trust is inappropriate and counter-productive. .At the same time, the Town of Southold's agreement to buy 37 acres of land is also inappropriate for the same reasons that the Peconic Land Trust's actions are; both parties are aiding the owner in creating a high end, private enclave at the expense of the taxpayers of Southold Town. These organizations are also aiding in the destruction of a National Landmark and a prehistoric archaeological site. The Town of Southold's intention to buy 37 acres of the least desirable land from a real estate point of view is ludicrous. The Town should not be dictated to as to which land it can or cannot purchase. If anything it should have the option to buy the land where the fort was as well as the archaeologically significant land where the ancient village sat. Southold should not be forced to buy a parcel which in effect will buffer the developed lots from the sound of the highway and simultaneously insure the visual privacy of an exclusive enclave. The owner of the land is also being treated by the Peconic Land Trust to the development of extra facilities, both scenic and recreational, which will in turn increase the value of the developed lots. While it is lovely that 30 of the 105 acres may be used as a riding facility and a vineyard these acres will create a scenic backdrop and buffer the developed lots, especially those which are not on the water, from the possibility of future developments being "too close." This factor will increase the market value of these in-(and plots. While it canot be said that there is no benefit to the public from the measures expected to be taken by the Town of Southold and the Peconic Land Trust it would be insulting the intelligence of the people of Southold to say that they will benefit at a level anywhere near the level the curre~~t and future owners of Indian Shores will benefit. Will the Town of y Southold be proud to say to its taxpayers that they've helped to create another exclusive waterfront enclave that they'll never enjoy as much as the residents and whose residents will not be paying their full share of taxes for the benefits they'll enjoy? Can the Peconic Land Trust really claim to the IRS that this is a "genuine public benefit?" Do they really believe a conservation minded buyer will just come along and magnanimously buy the ancient village site now slated for a building lot and donate it to the Town? Does the Planning Board have faith in such an unlikely scenario? Perhaps the Town of Southold should let the owner go ahead and develop the entire parcel into 42 lots. This way the Town could have the option to buy the land which is a National Landmazk that really is significant to the cultural heritage of this region and the nation. And, the owner would have to meet the demands of the market just like the rest of us taxpayers! , Mr. Ward, please do not let the Planning Board be duped into aiding the next great real estate coup! Sincerely, 1 `~LL~~ ~ ~ 6'74..?. Barbara Chapman Jones Greenport cc: Town Board, Town Planning Board, Town Planners 10/25/96 i FILE: Fort Corchaug ~ General "J" Peconic Land Trust • • _ - THE SENATE STATE OF NE';V YORK hi KENNETH P. LAVALLE 325 MIDDLE COU NTRY ROAD I ST SENATE DISTRICT SELDEN.:V EW YORK I I ]8a VICE CHAIRMAN. MAIORITY CONFERENCE CHAIRMAN COMMITTEE ON HIGHER EDUCTION Cetober 9, 1996 The Honorable Jean W. Cochran Supervisor Town of Southold PO Box 1179 Southold, New York 11971 Dear Supervis Cochran: This will ackncwledge receipt of your letter regarding my legislation (5.7709-A, Chapter 626) winch will allow municipalities to enter into installment purchase agreements to acquire the interest or rights in real property. Unfor*.unately, there is no provision in this law which would change or enhance the ability of the Town to work together with the County and/or State to acquire the preserve at :ort Corchaug, although I certainly encourage you to do so. I drafted 5.7709-A to provide municipalities the option of offering sellers a choice when negotiating the sale of land. Sellers can either receive cash from the proceeds of a bond issue by the municipality or they can sign an installment contract with the municipality. This installment contract would allow the seller to receive interest payments only (tax free) and a final payment to close the purchase at some future time. The tax savings will result in a lower purchase price for the municipality and thus a tax savings to the taxpayers of~the communi±v Thank you for your interest. Sincerely yours, I Kenneth a e --------A-- FILE: NYS Senator / Fort Corchaug r„~/ • ' PLANNING BOARD MEMBERS S fF0(X ~ RICHARD G. WARD -~Y ~'QG Town Hall, 53095 Main Road y~hy. y., P.O. Box 1179 Chairman r~ O ~ Southold, New York 11971 GEORGE RITCHIE LATHAM, JR. ~ y 2 ~ Fax (516) 765-3136 BENNETT ORLOWSKI, JR.~ ~T WILLIAM J. CREMERS u O ~ Telephone (516) 765-1938 KENNETH L. EDWARDS ~,q ~~l ~ ~~0~,.~ PLANNING BOARD OFFICE TOWN OF SOUTHOLD TO: Jean Cochran, Town Supervisor Town Board Members FROM: Melissa Spiro, Planner ~jrj~ RE: Status of proposed subdivision for Indian Shores (Fort Corchaug site) SCTM# 1000-116-1-3 DATE: August 27, 1996 As per your request for a status update, please find the following in regard to the above mentioned subdivision: - The subdivision application before the Planning Board contains the following: a) A 36.47 acre parcel proposed to be purchased by the Town of Southold. b) Two (2) agricultural lots of 18.84 and 11.96 acres apiece. (Voluntary conservation easements are proposed which would limit these lots to one residence per lot. ) c) A 5.67 acre lot proposed as an equestrian related lot with one residence; d) Thirteen (13) single-family lots ranging in size from slightly less than 2 acres to slightly more than 3.5 acres in area. - On May 1, 1995, the Planning Board, acting as lead agency, made a determination of a Positive Declaration under SEQRA on the proposed subdivision. - The Draft Environmental Impact Statement was received by the Planning Board on September 8, 1995. i - ~ ~ - DOWNS CR~K I 4 f Ly - - - - " ~ " =rt -I - _ _ ~ _ ~ ? Y ~ J=~ ~ ~ ~ I ~iC`. ~ i- ~ ~ ~ _ _ _ _ ~ p^~ ~ 3-~. ~ `I ~ 9 Its , i.~ ~i li~1~.. ~ ? 1 .h` ~ ~ M~ ~ ____4i I .c .e. v. ~I~ 1 ROpOSED IowN I RiZK 137.47 ac ri~ ~ ~ ~ ~ y .em a` AREA~~sw9NaTe~ oN / ~ - ~ x ~ NpT~oNA1. hG41~~~ ~MI$T0~1C i~LnC~j 1.~5 Qt ~,I _ ~ ARrA 1~R.opo56D 2_1 foo. ~evewo~tfuT ~~~i~QN Jf~C'~.`_J . ~ ~ ~oK- SrrE "ounc "oung - Jcn. Indian Shores Page 2 August 27, 1996 - The original DEIS and two subsequent revisions have been deemed incomplete by the Planning Board. The last revision was deemed incomplete on July 8, 1996. The Planning Board awaits information, mainly in regard to historical data, from the applicant in order to once again review the document for completeness in respect to its scope and content for the purpose of commencing public review. Charles Voorhis, the Planning Board's Environmental Consultant, informed me that the archeologists hired by Mr. Baxter and the archeologists hired by YIr. Voorhis, have been discussing the outstanding information, and that the information requested should be submitted soon. - When the Planning Board has determined that the DEIS is adequate for public review, a minimum 30 day public comment period will be initiated. -Although the public comment period has not been initiated, the Planning Board has started to receive correspondence in regard to the development of the site. As you know, Fort Corchaug is designated on the National Register of Historic Places. The designated area includes 25 acres with specific latitude and longitude coordinates. I asked Jack Sherwood of the Assessors Office to locate the approximate designated area on the proposed subdivision map. (The boundary lines are approximate only, as Jack transferred the lines from a map with a scale of 1" equals 24,000' to one with a scale of 1" equals 100 feet.) As shown on the attached map, all of the proposed lots, with the exception of the proposed "equestrian" lot and one of the thirteen single-family lots, are located within the area designated on the National Register of Historic Places. enc. ~ . Town Hall, 53095 Main Road f P.O. Box 1179 Telephone ~:i'. Southold. New York 11971 f516) 765-1801 _^/,,7n1 ~~0~, SOUTHOLD TOWN LANDMARK PRESERVATION COMMISSION TO: Supervisor Jean Cochran and Town Board .Members FROM: Clifforlnfield, Chairman DATE: August 15, 1996 RE: Southold Landmark Preservation Commission's Position arid Recommendations Concerning the Fort Corchaug National Historic Site. The Southold Town Code established its Landmark Preservation Commission so as to assist the Town and owners of places, sites, etc., to conserve, protect and preserve the Town's unique character. As defined (56.3), such landmarks can have historical significance whose quality is based upon its identification with historic persons or events in the Town of Southold. By its own definition, the Town recognizes a landmark as any place or site which has historical value or aesthetic interest by reason of its antiquity or as part of the development, her- itage or cultural characteristics of the Town, County or Nation. As provided by Town Code 56.5, the duties of the commission are to: 1. Encourage preservation of landmarks through education. 2. Pro- mote and encourage historic awareness and judicious concern for designated landmarks. The Fort Corchaug site is designated as a National Landmark by the U.S. Department of the Interior. It includes 25 acres of archeo- logical sensitive land. As privately owned, it is not covered by the 1966 Federal Law protecting historic sites. The Fort Corchaug site not only includes a 17th century refuge fort site, but the site of an established Indian village dating back some 2200 years. It has been Declared as the most intact archeological site of Indian life on the East Coast. Wampum used by the Indians and the 16th and 17th century white immigrants was manufactured at the site and warrants it being called the earliest mint in North America. It cannot be disputed that these 2s acres are valuable to the essence of Southold's historic past. At this time these 25 acres are included in a plan to develop a t06 acre tract. In consideration of its reason for being, it is appropriate that the Southold Landmark Preservation Commission present its recpmmend- ations concerning Fort Corchaug to the Town Board in the order of their desirability: 1. In the interest of National and community pride for now and especially for posterity, that ail 2s acres or' the National site be ler"t intact, with all possible public efforts to compensate the private owner for his loss of economic opportunity or the use of current funds, developed funds and tax benefits from all levels of government by whatever%means are feasible. 2. 'Nhile the Town is prepared to purchase 37-38 acres outlining the fort and access, fora million dollars, it should be recognized :hat the most archeologically sensitive area is south of the fort and along the shoreline and contains the historic and prehistoric Indian village and y-ravesites. It is paramount that these lots be pre- served. The current proposal to preserve the empty fort outline, its access and thirty feet surrounding the site (even with the prospect of collected artifacts being turned over to the appropriate authorities) is a poor pres- ervation of the National site. There are many ways to economically manage a public owned Fort Corchaug site eg: a restricted trail could preserve the site for r"uture sctiolarfy research. Volunteer personnel has never been lacking far ~northy Town projects. This site could become a "!Mecca" for the research of historic northeast Indian life and the impact of the white immigrant invasion. All efforts, including leadership, should be taken by the Town, State or National Government to preserve this site. The efforts of our preservation may not be tasted in our lifetime, but can be .here to be enjoyed by our proceny. cc - Planning Board James ~lc.'1Aahon FILE: LandMark Preserva ' n Fort Corchaug r • ~ ~ S~~~F „flcl:tae 5 SUFr=OLK COUNTY .~n'CHAEOLOGICaL ASSCCIATICN ~ ~ r z~ NASSAU COUNTY ARCHAEI:LCGiCAL CCMMI%~ EE ~.`~~~,aa~pyy. ~ .NCCAPC`Ra'EO UNCER VEW 'CRK S;Ai'e cCUCAiiCN i.AW ~ ~ I 1 v y ` ~ LfM%c i P.O. Drawer AP.. Stcny Grook. New York 11740 ~ p o / i 6 i 6) 424-4725 4e a M~fi"~ ~ G~ August 9, 1996 Mr. Richard Ward, Chair Southold Planning Board Town Hall, Main Road Scuthold, NY 1197: Dear Mr. Ward: We understand that there will scon be hearings regarding the acquisition by the Town of acreace around the Fort Corchaug site. *Ae cannot emphasize too strongly the importance and value of this site. Some land is purchased by the county, various towns (the Shinnecock Fort site by Southampton Town, for example), nature Conservancy, Peconic Land Trust, etc. to protect agricultural or environmentally sensitive parcels. Even more important to preser-re for the future are prehistoric and historic cultural resources, such as For*_ Corchaug. They are non-renewable, and a region loses a major part of its patrimony and 'History when they are allowed to be destroyed. S.C.A.A. is currently producing the 8th -rolume in its series, Readings in Long Island ?.rchaeology & Ethnohistory, titled The Native Forts of Long Island. Lcng rslar_d 'pas the largest number of Native American forts is the Northeast. The centerpiece of this 900+ page bcok will be two chanters on Fort Corchaug by Drs. Ralph Solecki and Lorraine Williams. Other chapters will be on the fort at Montauk, Fort Shinnecock, and Fort Marsepeague; the Shelter siand fort has not yet been located. Even with the major part of the book about Fort Corchaug, much is still not known, so it remains an important site nor further archaeological research which wculd also benefit the area. While the Town should ourc_^.ase the site to protect it, it is also interpreted, acquir'_ng a major 'niStOriC 3CtraC~10R, wniCh, SJOllId prOVide ]DDS tOr ~-OCa: people and revenue for businesses from Che driC1f.1arV tOllrlSt Sp2nd'_ng• ~t wOUld a15O be attractive for ecucatioral arograms for recional scr_cois, another source of income. we urge Scuthoid Tewn to purchase the acreage surrounding Fort Corchaug as a civic duty and as an investment in the economic hea'_th o. the Town. Sincerely, r FILE: SC Archaeological fyssoc. - Fort Corchaug i • ~ ~ • ~ PLANNING BOARD MEMBERS ~ o~Q$UFFO(,j'~oG Richard G, ward, Chairman ` „ ' ~ Town Hall, 53095 Main Road George Ritchie Latham, Jr. W . ~ ^ P. O. Box 1179 Bennett Orlowski, Jr. ~ ' ~ ` C Southold, New York 11971 Mark S. McDonald X01 ~00~ Fax (516) 765-3136 Kenneth L. Edwards ~ Telephone (516) 765-1938 PLANNING BOARD OFFICE TOWN OF SOUTHOLD RECEIVED To: All Involved Agencies MQR 2 ~ ~99~ From: Melissa Spiro, Planner SOU~O~d rows Clerk Re: scoping Session for Indian Shores (a.k.a. Fort Corchaug) SCTM# 1000-116-1-3 Date: March 29, 1995 A scoping session has been set for Wednesday, April 19, 1995 at 1:00 p.m. for the above mentioned subdivision. The scoping session will be held in the Meeting Hall at Southold Town Hall. Please refer to the attached letter dated March 2B, 1995 for information pertaining to this proposed subdivision. If you are unable to attend the scoping session, please send any comments you may have as to items you wish addressed in the Draft Environmental Impact Statement, to the Planning Board office. The Board's fax number is 765-3136. cc: Albert Krupski, Board of Trustees Judith T. Terry, Town Clerk Vito Minei, Suffolk County Dept. of Health Services Roger Evans, NYSDEC, Stony Brook Langdon Marsh, NYSDEC, Albany Vito Lena, NYSDOT James Warren, NYS Office of Parks, Recreation & Historic Preservation enc. ~q~v Jrrt;1~ PLANNING BOARD MEMBERS ~ c` v r': Richard G. Ward, Chairman + `~sx Y Town Hall, 53095 Main Road George Ritchie Latham, Jr. ~ `~j :r P. O. Box 1179 Bennett Orlowski, Jr. ca ~,r Southold, New York 11971 Mark S. McDonald 'flj w~ ~ti Fax (516) 765-3136 Kenneth L. Edwards ~ Telephone (516) 765-1938 PLANNING BOARD OFFICE TOWN OF SOUTHOLD - hkrc~ .t8, IgyS Re: Lead Agency Coordination Request Dear Reviewer: The purpose of this request is to determine under Article 8 (State Environmental Quality Review Act-SEQRA) of the Environmental Conservation Law and 6 NYCRR Part 617 the following: 1. Your jurisdiction in the action described below; 2. Your interest in assuming the responsibilities of lead agency; and 3. Issues of concern which you believe should be evaluated. Enclosed please find a copy of the proposal and a completed Environmental Assessment Form (EAF) to assist,Ayou in yCour response. Project Name: ..Lnso,nnl .TwReS /°ta•re¢ J~eo,v,s,eru SRm»IC,oo-~r6-I-3 Requested Action: Ma;~e s~~:o~slon o{ 105.6 scram •~alr.a\ l.u1o t7 Icr4s i.o-IMl. is IB.B4 aces letl~~ ~ ; s 11.96 oclPSy Lot'3 :s 5.67 a!r•s• ~LJe1s~N• IS ran9t ,N s~tP ~,e,+, 80, 31 ooL St (i. ~fe 166 4eo ct, !`CMG~O~NC. 41C4 ~37. 974CClSl l~[-~OSPL` ~b bP SO~~ ~O ~cWn OS IOWn I'a(r~, SEQRA Classification: Type I (~oL~d o-c. cc-,a~ ( ) Unlisted Contact Person: (ylel~ss4 S~,2o (516) 765-1938 Page 2 Lead Agency Coordination Request The lead agency will determine the need for an environmental impact statement (EIS) on this project. Within thirty (30) days of the date of this letter, please respond in writing whether or not you have an interest in being lead agency. Planning Board Position: (x) This agency wishes to assume lead agency status for this action. ( ) This agency has no objection to your agency assuming lead agency status for this action. ( ) Other (see comments below) Comments: 14Ny 'u ~ u 3c~- ~e~,aa cmr " APn~ ~ - ~~i ~i~ a - r o A ~ctnn~ ,-~v, uboue ~~nr~'~ a.~.a..(.,cn~n hui ~b/et.~gn ~n/J.,~a,~~dfo ;t~ Plw><~,~/~~/;.rl. /J / iqc in ~c~w ~[...[i"l ~JpM~S _ ~ 3/23'95 ~e,C ad4'Lr.Ytorwy i ~,1~'.~~~ iin~d 7s' ,[i~,Gf D O..'$:+X. Please feel free to contact this office for further information. Sincerely, ~ Richard Ward ~5 Chairman cc: Beafd-e~-~4Ppeals *Board of Trustees Building Department Southold Town Board ~Suffofk County Department of Health Services ~'NYSDEC -Stony Brook "NYSDEC -Albany Saffe+k-Eear~ty-Bepat#meftt-of -Pabiic-~lVor-ks• 6d-S-Afrrry--GeFp-e#-E~giaeers New York State Department of Transportation d+aa--Moasel~-6fee~peFt-Rubiis-13tilitiea R{s#a~-6aQg~ar~e-6reer~Pert-Village-Adr~aiaistrator * Jim Warren, NYS Office of Parks, Recreation & Historic Preservation 'Maps are enclosed for your review rev. 4/94 . ,~''~;uFa:r7c,~c PLANNING BOARD MEMBERS Z4~' • w,~~=i p ~ ~ s ~ Town Hall, 53095 Main Road Richard G. Ward, Chairman 3 y r• a _ George Ritchie Latham, Jr. C) u• ~_:y , ^ r P. O. Box t179 Bennett Odawski, Jr. ~ 'r Southold, New York 71971 Mark S. McDonaltl y%1a1 'L}~ ~y0?~ Fax (516) 765-3136 Kenneth L. Edwards ~ Telephone (516) 765-1938 PLANNING BOARD OFFICE TOWN OF SOUTHOLD March 28, 1995 Charles R. Cuddy 180 Old Country Road P.O. Box 1547 Riverhead, New York 11901 RE: Proposed Major Subdivision Indian Shores Cutchogue SCTM# 1000-116-1-3 Dear Mr. Cuddy: The following resolution was adopted by the Southold Town Planning Board at a meeting held on Monday, March 27, 1995: WHEREAS, the Southold Town Planning Board has received an application for a major subdivision of a 105.6 acre parcel into a total of 17 lots (16 lots and a 37.47 acre Town Park); and WHEREAS, this application has been submitted in place of a 42 lot subdivision application which was made on September 7, 1993, and withdrawn by the applicant on January 31, 1995; and WHEREAS, the subject property is located adjacent to a Critical Environmental Area (Downs Creek); and WHEREAS, the subject property contains an area of archeological significance, namely Fort Corchaug, adouble-palisaded Indian fort used for defensive purposes; and Page 2 Proposed Major Subdivision for Indian Shores March 28, 1995 WHEREAS, the environmental and historical issues pertaining to the site may be a determining factor in the design of the layout of the site; and WHEREAS, it is the Planning Board's opinion that the environmental review should be conducted prior to determining the yield or the design of the layout of the site; be it therefore RESOLVED that the Southold Town Planning Board start the lead agency coordination process on this Type 1 action. The Long Environmental Assessment Form has been forwarded to the Board's environmental consultant for review. There is a $400.00 fee for this review. This must be paid in full by your client before authorization can be given to the consultant to proceed with the review. The check should be made payable to the Town of Southold. In early 1994, the Planning Board conducted a 30 day lead agency coordination period, issued a Positive Declaration and held a scoping session on the now withdrawn 42 lot proposed subdivision for the subject property. The Planning Board has decided that since the SEAR review was conducted within the last year, in order to proceed with the SEORA review process for the revised application in a timely fashion, the Planning Board will schedule the scoping session prior to the issuance of the SEAR determination. The scoping session has been scheduled for Wednesday, April 19, 1995 at 1 P. M. in the Meeting Hall at Southold Town Hall. The $350.00 review fee for the scoping session must be submitted in full before the session will be held. Please contact this office if you have any questions regarding the above. Sincerely, Richard G. Ward ~+'S Chairman cc: Charles Voorhis . - ART 1-PROJECT INFORMATII~ Prepared by Project Sponsor NOTICE: This document is designed to assist in determining whether the action proposed may have a significant effect on the environment. Please complete the entire form, Parts A through E. Answers to these questions will be consiJered as part of the application for approval and may be subject to further verification and public review. Provide any additional information you believe will be needed to complete Parts 2 and 3. It is expected that completion of the full EAF will be dependent on information currently available and will not involve rlesv studies, research or investigation. If information requiring suet) additional work is ulravailable, so indicate and specify each instance. NAME OF ACTION Indian Shores Subdivision LOCATION OF ACTIOtI (Includs Slr~al Addraaa, Munlcipallly and County) Main Road, Cutchogue NAME OF APPyJCANT/SPONSOR BUSINESS TELEPIONE 4filliam J. Baxter, Jr., and Estate of William J. Baxter (5161 369-8200 Aooness c/o Charles R. Cuddy, 180 Old Country Road, Post Office Box 1547 CITY/PO Riverhead, New York sraTE zlPCOOE NAME OF OWrtER (II dllteranll N Y 11901 Same ~ BUSINESS TELEPHONE l {369-8200 ADDRESS CITY7P0 STATE ZIP CODE DESCRIPTION OF ACTION Major subdivision of 105.6 acres, SCTM N1000-116-1-3 Subdivision Map - Indian Shores for 16 lots at Cutchogue, n ;i,; ~ r<-' Town of Southold. i~ ~ ~ ~ U .5 i; Jj I~j~i BAR 2 Please Complete Each Question-Indicate N.A. if not applicable t ) 1 A. Slte Description v i Pln?' t v" rIL'n ! Physical setting of overall project, both developed and undeveloped areas. 1. Present land use: ?Urban ?Industrial ?Commercial ?Residential (suburban) ?Rural (nomfarm) • k~Forest (xlAgriculture ?Other 2. Total acreage of project area: 105.6 acres. APPROxIl~tATE ACR'cAC'c PRES'ciJTU' AFT MPLETIOtJ Meadow or Onrshland (Non-agricultural) N • O acres ~ • Forested 53.6 39.35 acres acres acres Agricultural (Includes orchards, cropland, pasture, etc.) 45.5 acres 42.0 acres Welland (Freshwater or tidal as per Articles 24, 25 of ECL) 6 . 5 acres 6 • 5 . acres Water Surface Area ~ • ~ acres ~ • ~ acres Unvegetaled (Rock, earth or fill) n - 0 .rcrrs 2 • ~ acres Roads, buildings anJ other paved surfaces n n acres 5 • 0 acres Other (Indicate type) 1 a wn ~ R laruiersnai areac 0 . 0 acres 6 • 1 acres What is predominant soil type(s) on project site? RdA, PIA a. Soil drainage: f~Well drained 94 °.o of site ?Modcrately well drainer) % of site ®Poorly drained 6 of site b. If any agricultural land is involved, how many acres of soil are classified within soil group 1 through 4 of the NYS Land Classification System? 45 • 5 acres. (See 1 NYC1tli 370). A. Are there bedrock outcroppings on project site) ?Yes ~]NO a. What is depth to bedrock? N.A. (in fret) 2 ppiovts Requ:-ed: ~ ~ Submittal Typc Dalc City, Town. \'iii,.ge Goard .Yes ~No ' City, Town. \~illage Planning Board ~Ye= ?No subdivision Sept. 1993 City, Town Zoning Board ~ Yes ~No City. County Health Department Yes ?No water supply/sewage disposal Other Local Agencies Town Trustees C~Yes ?No Wetlands Other Regional Agencies C~Yes ?No SubdiViSion State Agencies Yes ?No Wetlands Federal Agencies ?Yes C~No C. Zoning and Planning Information 1. Does proposed action involve a planning or zoning decision? C~Yes ?No If Yes, indicate decision required: ?zoning amendment ',.?zoning variance ?special use permit ~lsubdivision ?site plan ?new/revision of master plan ?resource management plan ?other 2. What is the zoning classification(s)of the site? A-C Agricultural Conservation 3. What is the maximum potential development of the site if developed as permitted by the present zoning? 42 residential lots 4. What is the proposed zoning of the site? n/a 5. What is the maximum potential development of the site if developed as permitted by the proposed zoning? • n/a < 6. Is the proposed action consistent with the recommended uses in adopted local land use plans? %Yes ?No 7. What are the predominant land use(s) and zoning classifications within a mile radius of proposed action? Existing: A-C Agricultural Conservation Uses: Agricultural and Residences 8. Is the proposed action compatible with adjoininglsurrounding land uses within a mile? 'Yes ?No 9. If the proposed action is the subdivision of land, how many lots are proposed? 16 lots a. What is the minimum lot size proposed? 80,200 sq. ft. min. 10. Will proposed action require any authorization(s) for the formation of sewer or water districts) ?Yes Flo 17. Will the proposed action create a demand for any community provided services (recreation, education, police, fire protection)? 1iXYes ?No a. If yes, is existing capacity sufficient to handle projected demand) I~]Yes ?No 12. Will the proposed action result'in the generation of traffic significantly above present levels? ?Yes O1N0 a. If yes, is the existing road network adequate to handle the additional traffic) ~IYes ?No n/a D. Informational Details Attach any additional information as may be needed to clarify your project. If there are or may be any adverse impacts associated with your proposal, please discuss such impacts and the measures which you propose to mitigate or avoid them. E. Verification 1 certify that the information provided above.is true to the best of my knowledge. Applicant:Sponsor/Name William J. Baxter, Jr. - by Gt?arles R. Cuddy as attor~e 3/ iS'/95 Signature C~~~ Title Owner`.^_ u,F~f,*-ng~~~ i t( the action is in Ilse Coastal Area, and ybu are a stale agency, complete the Coastal Assessment Fnrm before proceeding with This assessment. 5 low much natural material (i.r~rck, earth, etc.) will be « moved from tII~ ,de? none tons/cubic girds . Will disturbed areas 6e reclairncrl? %Yes ?No ?NIA a. If yes, for what intend.... purpose is the site being reclaimed? residential development b. N'ill topsoil be stockpiled for reclamations L~lYes ?No c. Will upper subsoil be stockpiled for reclamation? X7Yes ?No 4. How nsany acres of vegetation (trees, shrubs, ground covers) will be removed from site? 22.0 acres. 5. Will any mature forest (over 100 years old) or other locally-important vegetation be removed by tlsis project? !C]Yes ?No 6. If single phase project: Anticipated period of construction 48 months, (including demolition). 7. Ifmulti-phased: not applicable (n/a) a. Total number of phases anticipated (number). b. Anticipated date of commencement phase 1 month year, (including demolition). c. Approximate completion date of final phase month year. d. Is phase 1 functionally dependent on subsequent phases ?Yes ONo 0. Will blasting occur during conslnrctions ?Yes Flo 9. Number of jabs generated: during construction _35 ;after project is complete 0 10. Number of jobs eliminated by this project none , 11. Will project require relocallon of any projects or facilities? ?Yes 1»No If yes, explain 12. Is surface liquid waste disposal involvedl ?Yes IKJ' NO _ a. If yes, indicate type of waste (sewage, industrial, etc.) and amount b. Name of water body into which effluent will be discharged 1]. Is subsurface liquid waste disposal involvedl f~Yes ?No Type Sdnltd rV 14. Will surface area of an existing water body increase or decrease by proposals ?Yes }L)NO Explain 15. Is project or any portion of project located in a 100 year flood plaint L~Yes ?No 16. Will the project generate solid waster ~7Yes ?No a. IF yes, what Is the amount per month 2.52 tons b. If yes, will an existing solid waste facility be used? Yes ?No c. If yes, give name Town of Southold ;location _Cutchogue d. Will any•wasles not go into a sewage disposal system or into a sanitary landfilll ®Yes ?No e. If Yes, explain recvclables 17. Will the project involve the disposal of solid wastes ?Yes ~No a. If yes, what is the anticipate) rate of disposals tons/month. b. If yes, what is the anticipated site lifer years. 10. Will project use herbicides or pesticides Yes ?No Idwn Care • 19. Will project routinely produce odors (more than one hour per Jays ?Yes Y~No 20. Will project produce operating noise exceeding the local ambient noise levels ?Yes' ~)NO 21. Will project result in an increase in energy uses Yes ?No If yes ,indicate type(s) a 1 P r t r i r a l 22. I( water Supply is from wells, indicate pumping capacity 1 0 gallons/minute. 2l. Total anticipated water usage per day 1 R fi00 gallons/day, + i rrlgdtl0n 24. Does project involve Local, State or Federal fundings ?Yes [%INo If Yes, explain lox;ntatr percentage of propos~rojecl site with slopei: $~0~'IU".u ?o X. 10 I i`.a 1 2 ^ ~ ' ^ .15°o Of gfedlvf ^a T. Is project substantially contiguous to, or contain a building, site, or district, listed on the State or the National trr Registers of Historic Places? ?Yes )f3No i. Is project substantially contiguous to a site listed on the Register of National Natural Landmarks? .:,Yes ~No c 'o ti. Wltat is the depth of the water table? 0-30 (in feet) ~ 9. Is site located over a primary, principal, or sole source aquifer? Yes ?No o ~ 10. Do hunting, fisttirtg or shell fishing opportunities presently exist in the project area? ~`lYes ?No S p~ 11. Does d o project site contain any species of plant or anirtlal life that is identified as threatened or endangered? = m ?Yes %~No According to Younq & Younq L.S t° a Identify each species ~ , 12. Are there any unique or unusual land forms on the project site? (i.e., cliffs, dunes, outer geological formations) ~ 0 ®Yes ?No Describe Part of -h si - i oniritLU9us to Dnwnc 3 CrPPk (tiriat w~tlandc) 13. Is the project site presently used by the community or neighborhood as an open space or recreation area? ?Yes JC~No It yes, explain 14. Does the present site include scenic views known to be important to the community? Yes ?No 15. Streams within or contiguous to project area: _ DOwnS Creek a. Name of $treant and name of River to wlliclt it is tributary Parnn i r Rai 16. Lakes, ponds, wetland areas within or contiguous to project area• a. Nanle b. Size (In acres) 20± dCreS 17: Is the site served by existing public utilitiesT ~7Yes ?No a) If Yes, does sufficient capacity exist to allow connection? f~Yes ?No b) If Yes, will improvements be necessary to allow conrtectiotl? ~7Yes ?No 10. Is the site located in an agricultural district certified pursuant to Agriculture and Markets Law, Article 25•AA, Section 303 and 304? ?Yes ?No 19. Is the site located in or substantially contiguous to a Critical Environmental Area designated pursuant to Article 0 of the ECL, and 6 NYCRR G77? fJYes ?No 20. Ilas the site ever keen used far the disposal of solid or hazardous wastes? ?Yes ®No B. Project Descri(~tion 1. Physical dimensions and scale of project (fill in dimensions as appropriate) a. Total contiguous acreage o+vrted or controlled by project sponsor 105.6 acres. h. Project acreage to be developed:'tl ~ 0 ,..Q_ acres initially; 1 0 . D acres ultimately. c. Project acreage to remain undeveloped 95.6 acres. ' d. Lengllt of project, in miles: nod (If appropriate) e. If the project is an expansion, indicate percent of expartsiott proposed n/d f. Number of off-street parking spaces existing 0 ;proposed 32- , g. Maximum vehicular trips generated per hour 9 • 6 (upon completion of project)? h. If residential: Number anJ type of housing units: 05rte Family Two Family Multiple Family Condominium Initially Ultimately 16 i. Dimensions (in feet) of largest proposed structure _t1L3_ height; width; length. j. Linear feet of frontage along a public thoroughfare project will occupy is? 1500 ft. N>dln S.R. 25 3 1100 Nir S3ffolk Avenue oc~~EFOL/r'~D ~ ^Z` Town Hall, 53095 Main Road .rte ~ ~ P.O. Box 1179 '~(lo! ~ Southold, New York 11971 TUDITH T. TERRY irnx 1516) 765-1823 Taws c~ra~: "I'F,LEPHONE (516) 765-1801 aec~sTana or viTn~ srnnsncs OFFICE OF THE TOWN CLERK TOWN OF SOUTHOLD I, Judith T. Terry, Town Clerk of the Town of Southold, New York, do hereby certify that the following resolution was adopted at a Regular Meeting of the Town Board of the Town of Southold held on September 26, 1989, and is on file and of record, and that said resolution has not been altered, amended or revoked and is in full force and effect: RESOLVED that the Town Board of the Town of Southold hereby authorizes and directs Supervisor Francis J. Murphy to file an application on forms prescribed by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation for financial assistance in accordance with the provision of Title 9 of the Environmental Quality Bond Act of 1986, in an amount not to exceed $900,000, and upon approval of said request to enter into and execute a project agreement with the State for such financial assistance to the Town of Southold for the Fort Corchaug Park Project. udith T. Terry Southold Town Clerk September 27, 1989 Clerk of the (Town) (City) (Village) of New York, do hereby certify that the following resolution was adopted at a (regular) (special) meeting of the (Town) (City) (Village) held on , and is on file and of record, and (governing body) (date) that said resolution has not been altered, amended or revoked and is in full force and effect. RESOLVED: That, the (Supervisor) (Mayor) (City Manager) (Town Manager) is authorized and directed to file an application on forms prescribed by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation for financial assistance in accordance with the provision of Title 9 of the Environmental Quality Bond Act of 1986, in an amount not to exceed $ and upon approval of said request to enter into and execute a project agreement with the State for such financial assistance to this municipality for the (grant project name) Seal (Signature of Clerk) A CERTIFIED COPY OF THE RESOLUTION OF THE GOVERNING BODY AUTHORIZING THE ABOVE CERTIFICATION MUST BE ATTACHED. r " File: Fort Corchaug NYS ofc. of Pawks, Recreation & Historic Preservation • • _t Y; ' Y' r~', 3 _ Town Hall, 53095 Main Road V~ . P.O. Box 1 179 ~'i'~~r a Southold, New York 11971 JUDiowwcEERxRRY TELEPHONE (516) 76531801 REGISTRAR OF VITAL STATISTICS OFFICE OF THE TOWN CLERK TOWN OF SOUTHOLD THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE FOLLOWING RESOLUTION WAS ADOPTED BY THE SOUTHOLD TOWN BOARD AT A REGULAR MEETING HELD ON AUGUST 15, 1989: RESOLVED that the Town Board of the Town of Southold hereby engages the services of Van Tuyl Land Surveyors to prepare a survey of the Baxter/Fort Corchaug property, Cutchogue (Suffolk County Tax Map Number: District 1000, Section 116, Block 01.00, Lot 003.000, Acres: 104, Reputed Owner: William J. Baxter, c/o Baxter Bros., Inc., Elijahs Lane, Mattituck, New York 11952); the cost of the survey to be paid from the Farmland Preservation Account. Judith T. erry Southold Town Cler August 21, 1989 File: Van Tuyl ( Land Surveyors) Fort Corchauge-L~ "B" General Farm Land Preservation Committee • J I i ` - Town Hall, 53095 Main Road ''''ca., P.O. Box 1179 ,~!I) ;j=' Southold, New York 11971 JUDITH T. TERRY rELePxoNE (sib) 765i8o1 TOWN CLERA REGISTRAR Of' VITAL STATISTICS OFFICE OF THE TOWN CLERK TOWN OF SOUTHOLD July 10, 1989 Honorable Gregory J. Blass Presiding Officer Suffolk County Legislature 71 West Second Street Riverhead, New York 11901 Dear Greg: Transmitted herewith is a certified copy of the amended Southold Town Board resolution concerning the Baxter/Fort Corchaug property. Those words which are underlined were the subject of the amendment after consultation be- tween Councilman Penny and Allan Verratti of your Hauppauge office. Very truly yours, Judith T. Terry Southold Town Clerk Enclosure cc: Allan Verratti , ' S~FFOIkcD ~ Town Hall, 53095 Main Road ~p ~ O<- P.O. Box 1 ] 79 ~01 ~ Southold, New York 11971 JUDITH T. TERRY Enx <s 15) 755-1823 rowrv c~Eeh '1'F.LEPHONE (516) 755-1801 rsec~srRna or v~rnl srnnsncs OFFICE OF THE TOWN CLERK TOWN OF SOUTHOLD THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE FOLLOWING RESOLUTION WAS ADOPTED BY THE SOUTHOLD TOWN BOARD AT A REGULAR MEETING HELD ON JULY 5, 7989: RESOLVED that the Town Board of the Town of Southold hereby amends their Resolution No. 1, adopted at a special meeting held on May 24, 1989, to read as follows: WHEREAS, approximately one hundred and four (704) acres of undeveloped vacant land currently located in the Town of Southold is currently owned by William J. Baxter; and WHEREAS, preservation of this parcel would contribute to stabilizing the water chemistry of, and otherwise protect the ecological integrity of the great Peconic Bay because this parcel of land borders Downs Creek along most of its entire western side and lies imme- diately north of where this important drainage joins with the Great Peconic Bay; and WHEREAS, such parcel of land constitutes one of the last vestiges of open space within the entire Town of Southold available for public acquisition for open space purposes, the only known site of an Indian fort on Long Island not significantly disturbed by develop- ment and which was a defensive installation for the Corchaug Indians, one of the thirteen (13) subtribes of the Algonquin culture located on Long Island at the time of the first contact with new settlers; and WHEREAS, Charles F. Goddard, founder of the Southold Indian Museum, had made exten- sive exploration of the fort in the early part of the Twentieth Century, conducting an excavation which has yielded many Indian artifacts as well as colonial trade pipes and brown-glazed colonial utilitarian objects; and WHEREAS, William J. Baxter may be willing to sell such property; and WHEREAS, the following parcel was approved for preliminary planning steps and ultimate inclusion in Suffolk County Farmland Preservation Program: Suffolk County Tax l61ap Number: District 1000, Section 116,00, Block 01.00, Lot 003.000, Acres: 104, Reputed Owner: William J. Ba~•t~r, c/o Baxter Bros., Inc., Elijahs Lane, Mattituck, New York 11952; and Page 2 -Fort Corchaug • • WHEREAS, the Commissioner of the County Department of Public Works was authorized, empowered, and directed to have surveys and maps prepared for the subject parcel; and WHEREAS, the Commissioner of the County Department of Real Estate was authorized, empowered, and directed to have the subject parcel appraised; and 6VHEREAS, the cost of such surveys, maps and/or appraisals, if any, shall be paid from the funds appropriated pursuant to Resolution No. 1540-1988; and WHEREAS, any acquisition of such land shall be subject to the appropriation of sufficient funds pursuant to Suffolk County Farmland Preservation Program, and subject to explicit legislative authorization and approval of such acquisition via subsequent duly enacted resolution; and WHEREAS, any acquisition of such land shall be subject to participation of the Town of Southold with Town of Southold Open Space appropriation funds as authorized by voter referendum in November of 1987; now, therefore, be it RESOLVED that the Town of Southold shall participate in a joint venture with the County of Suffolk for the purchase of the William J. Baxter property, which purchase will lead to the preservation of the site known as Fort Corchaug; and be it further RESOLVED that the Sufoflk County portion of the funding for the aforesaid purchase shall be Two Million Dollars, and the Southold Town portion will be limited to One Million Dollars. udith T. Terry Southold Town Clerk July 7, 1989 Y Q ~.-!'S~~Lr=~iC3:~G. PUTNAM AVENUE,GREENWICH,CONN.06830 __vsj ~.ii~6i59t(' A WORLD eCvrivKilC SenVl%e Vi vi Serving Investors Since ly A 2 June 27, 1989 Mr. Gregory Blass 11 ?a. Second St. Riverhead, NY 11901 Dear tQs. Bi.ass: This is to grant permission for you to;submit our 104-acre farm in Cutchogue, District 1000, Section 116, Lot 1-3 for inclusion in the Suffolk County Farmland program. It is my understanding that Suffolk County will acquire the development rights. The Town of Southold is to acquire fee title under its open space program. This letter is my authorization for both the county and the town to proceed with the steps necessary to purchase the property. We have had a tenant farmer on the property for nearly all of the close to three decades we have owned it. We have also made it available for archeological exploration. I am encouraged to hear that the land may be continued to be used for such purposes. Very truly y~/o~urs, - ~ William Ba ter WJB:rs 06~28i1989 11:22•SUFFOLK CTY. LEGISLRTURE • 516 360 4071 P.Ol Ir4ra. Res. -1080 n I B Luld u Tah a /17/09 Intro~+~~.-P•~ h„ a...Q..!t.,,, officer Blass _ RESOLUTION NO. -1909, AUTHORIZING 7(iE AC4UISITION OF DEVELOPMENT RIGHTS TO FARMI_AND6 DV THE COUNTY OF SUFFOLK, FORT CCRCHAUO/BAXTER FARM (CUTCIiOGUE] ~ , WHEREAS, an application is being processed From property owners by the County of Suffolk for the acquisition of phase III Oavelapment Rights to farmlands in Suffolk County for Fort Curchaug/0axter Farm: and WHERC:A.^., tiro 6axter Fetr~ily has farmed this lantl since 16g0 and prior to that the Corchaug Indiana also farmed this land; and 4JHEREAS, the Colect Committee. un Agriculture. a duly conatitutad citizens committee of the County of Suffulk, Is reviewing Bald bide end will rneke recommendations to the County Executive as to Farmland ce be included In the phase III Acquisition Program; and WHEREAS. the Select Committee Is expected to recummand this percal situated ~ T' "~_•'t Flu: and WHEREAS, the recommendation is indentified by township. name, tax map number end acreage: end WHEREAS. suFFicient funds are available in Phase III of the Title AcgUiaition of Farmlands Project (CP8701): now, therefore, be It RESOLVED, That the Suffolk County Copertrnent of Reel Estate be end it hereby is authorized to acquire by purchase end negotiation. the developman[ rights to the property know os tort Corcheug/ Baxter Ferm hereafter described, fur a price nac to exceed the approved appraised value established by the Oapertment of Real [state: and ba it furUrer RESOLVED, that the consideration far [ha purchase of such development rights together with all of the incidental casts of acquisition including surveys. title insurance, clerical and stenographic fees, recording fees and other proper end necessary expenses. be provided for by the proceade oP appropriate bonds to he issued pursuant to appropriate bonding resolution authorized In conjunction therF~;aith, es neoessary, property is daecr•ibod es follows: PARCEL TAXMAP NO. ACRES REPUTED OWNlrR No 6 ~Istrict IOOp 104 William J. Baxter Section 118.00 c/o Baxter Brus.Jnc. t3look 01.00 EIIJehes Lane Lot 003.000 Mattituck, N.Y, 111952 DATED: APPROVED BV: County Executive of Suffolk Crwnty ,e... 06i28i1969 112: SUFFOLK CTY. LEGISLRTURE • 516 360 4071 P.02 •1 I Intrp. Res. Nu. 1960 Lald on 'C able 8/27/69 Introduced by Presiding Officer Bless REuCLUTION NO 1969. APPROP:7tlCYihass 8'UPJi.~u FOR THE ACQU191TION OF FARMLAND OEVEL.OPMENT RIGF-IT5 TO FORT CORCHAUO/BAXTER FARM BY THE COUNTY OF SUFFOLK FROM PHASE III WHEREAS, Resolution Nos. 81U and 8~1 of 1978 appropriatod funds and euthgrizad the issuance OP 821,000,000 in Serial Bands for the purpOae of acquiring certeln development riyh[e [o agricultural lands, dislgnated ae Phase 1, in the County of 9ufFolk; and WHEREAS,Resolutian No. 1040 of 1861 transferred 811,000,000 of the 821,000.000 from Phase I Co Phase II because Phase 1 wee completed; and WHEREAS, The Commissienr-.r ?f Real Catate has indicated that of the arlAlrral 821.000.000 authorization 85,000,000 is eveHeble For Phase III: and WHEREAS, the appraised cost oP acquiring Farmland pevelopment RighCS by the County of 5uFfolk is 42.000,000 fur Fort Corcheuy/Dexter Ferm; and W` '="t'i'/-x9, tk.: .~,.,m of Southold wlll purchase fee titlo fnr `11i.(ii~d.u(?01 a=~d WHEREAS, the County Le0lslature by resolution of even date. herewith, have authgrized the issuance of 82000.000 in 9uPfolk County 9erisl Bonds to buy `"errnland Oavalopmant Rights For Fort Dorcliaug/Baxter rarm: now, cliereFare, be It RE50LVL~, Chec the proceeds ba and ere appropriated ae Follows. 82.000.000 in Capital Project No. 01-CF 6701.3, Project Titlo -Acquisition of Farmlands Phase III. Fort Corcheug/Beater Parrn DATED: C:aunty Executive of Suffolk County pate of Approval: TfIT/11 „I'l FAX COVER SHEET TO: ALLAN VERRATTI, Office of Presiding Officer Blass FROM: Judith T. Terry, Southold Town Clerk DATE: June 28, 1989 Pages to follow: 2 Additional Comments: please call Judith T. Terry (765-1801) to verify accuracy so I may place on the Town Board agenda for upcoming July 5, 1989 meeting. IF ALL PAGES ARE NOT RECEIVED, PLEASE CALL SOUTHOLD TOWN HALL at (516) 765-1800 PROPOSED SOUTHOLD~WN BOARD RESOLUTION: • RESOLUTION -JULY 5, 1989 RESOLVED that the Town Board of the Town of Southold hereby amends their Resolution No. 1, adopted at a special meeting held on May 24, 1989, to read as follows WHEREAS, approximately one hundred and four (104) acres of undeveloped vacant land currently located in the Town of Southold is currently owned by William J. Baxter; and WHEREAS, preservation of this parcel would contribute to stabilizing the water chemistry of, and otherwise protect the ecological integrity of the great Peconic Bay because this parcel of land borders Downs Creek along almost its entire western side and lies immediately north of where this important drainage joins with the Great Peconic Bay; and WHEREAS, such parcel of land constitutes one of the last vestiges of open space within the entire Town of Southold available for public acquisition for open space purposes, the only known site of an Indian fort on Long Island not significantly disturbed by development and which was a defensive installation for the Corchaug Indians, one of thirteen (13) subtribes of the Algonquin culture located on Long Island at the time of the first contact with new settlers; and WHEREAS, Charles F. Goddard, founder of the Southold Indian Museum, had made extensive exploration of the fort in the early part of the Twentieth Century, con- ducting an excavation which has yielded many Indian artifacts as well as colonial trade pipes and brown-glazed colonial utilitarian objects; and WHEREAS, William J. Baxter may be willing to sell such property; and 6VHEREAS, the following parcel was approved for preliminary planning steps and ultimate inclusion in Suffolk County Farmland Preservation Progam: Suffolk County Tax Map Number: District 1000, Section 116.00, Block 01.00, Lot 003.000, Acres: 104, Reputed Owner: William J. Baxter, c/o Baxter Bros., Inc., Elijahs Lane, Mattituck, New York 11952; and WHEREAS, the Commissioner of the County Department of Public Works was authorized, empowered, and directed to have surveys and maps prepared for the subject parcel; and WHEREAS, the Commissioner of the County Department of Real Estate was authorized, empowered, and directed to have the subject parcel appraised; and WHEREAS, the cost of such surveys, maps and/or appraisals, if any, shall be paid from the funds appropriated pursuant to Resolution No. 1540-1988; and WHEREAS, any acquisition of such land shall be subject to the appropriation of sufficient funds pursuant to Suffolk County Farmland Preservation Program, and subject to explicit legislative authorization and approval of such acquisition via subsequent duly enacted resolution; and WHEREAS, any acquisition of such land shall be subject to participation of the Town of Southold with Town of Southold Open Space appropriation funds as authorized by voter referendum in November of 1987; now, therefore, be it RESOLVED that the Town of Southold will participate in a joint venture with the County of Suffolk for the purchase of the William J. Baxter property, which purchase will lead to the preservation of the site known as Fort Corchaug; and be it further RESOLVED that the Suffolk County portion of the funding for the aforesaid purchase shall be Two Million Dollars, and the Southold Town portion will be limited to One Million Dollars. P~hli,~lY •i_UMBR GREE.NPP.T ~EL ~ 516-477-0578 J~ 22 ~ 89 11 ~ 41 No .003 P .01 Town Hail, 33093 Maier ituad 0 P.O. $ox 1179 '#y~~ ~ Southold, New York 1 l97! JQDftH 7. TERRY FAx (316) 765.1A13 Tap'N Cr EM K Tr'L'P~PHONE (S 16) 765-180 t RgrI57NAROF VIIAL 9TATISi~CB OFFIt:E C; 7 {iC'f'rawh CL.L+{tK TUwN OF SOIJTHOLD THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE fULLOWING RESOLUTION WAS gl7UPTEU BY THE SOUTHOLD TOWN BOARD AT 'A SPF;CIAL MEETING HLLD pN MAY 24, 1989: WHEREAS, approxirnotely one hundred and four (104) acres of undeveloped vacant land currently bcated In the TowrT of Southold is currently owned by William J. r Baxter; and WHEREAS. preservation of this parcel would eontrlbute to stabillzing the water chemistry of, and oth0)•wise protect the ecoloylcal integrity of the great Peconic Bay because this parcel of land borders Downs Creek stony almost its entire western •Ide and Iles immediately north of where this important drainage Joins with the Creat Peconic Bay ; and WHEREAS, such parcel of land constitutes one of the last vestiges of upon space within t'rre entlr'e Town of Southold available for public acxiulsitian for open space purposes, the only known silo of an iritllarr fort on Lorry Island not significantly disturbed BPS= ';evr;,-,r~o,e.,~,c_ r<rrtl which wax a defensive instaiir.iian i<;r 3~.- s.~r-ci?rc+.~ Indians, one of thirteen (t3) subtribes of the Algonquin Culture located on Lony Island at the time of the first contact with new saltler•s; and WHBRF,AS, Charles F. Goddi'rd, founder of the 5outhvid Indian Museurrr, had made extensive exploration pf, the fort in the early pr3rt of the Twentieth Century, Gon- dueting an s,xeavation which has ylelcled many Intllari artifacts as well as colonial trade piper and br•vwn-ylazed colonial utilitartari obyects; and WHEREAS, William J. Baxter may be willing to sell such property; and WH6RF.,AS, the fopowing parcel was. proved for pr I r pyqlanrtiing steps and ultimate Inclusion in Suffolk Courit';~C''~("'-°°.a.Program: 5uffo~k County Tax Map Number; district 1000, Section 116.00, Block 01.00, Lot 003.000, Acres: 104, Reputsd Owner: William J. Baxter, c/o. Baxter Bras., Inc., plijahs Lane, Mattituck, New York 11952; and WHEREAS, si:xa a.". n;ra r~r;7:~r~}a„p' of the County Department of a4r.~)._ t°,nri~• _yae i;~,:thet'1z!!C1 empowered, and directed to have surveys and mans prepared for the subject parcel; and i FE~I"~lY. LUMbR GREEMPRT TEL 516-477-0578 Jun 2289 1141 No .003 P.03 Page 2 -Baxter ~ • WHEREAS, the Comminslungr of the County geparlmerrt of Real Estate was authorized, emrrower'ed, and directed to have the subject parcel appraised; and WHEREAS, the cost of such survey, maps and/or ~»pra salsa If any; shall ~ pai;i from the funds tea appropriated r,~R~v.rQ ~T' cc. (;-SG(,k i ~ ~S.~U_jgf~; ~-e*"trs ;and WHEREAS, any acquisition of su~ litp~ ~~hall ~ sub act o~,t~he a roprl tfon of :sufficient'funds pursuant to' , _ • (i and subject to explicit, legislative !authorizatlon and approval of ~9uch acquisition via subsequent .duly enacted resolution; and ~ wu~REAS, any acquisition of such land shall be subject to participation of the Town i of Southold wllh Town of 5authnld Open 5paco appropr9atlon funds as authorised by voter referendum in November of 1987; now, therefore, be it • ~ RESOLVED that the Town of .Southold will participate IA a Joint venture with the County of Suffolk for the purchase of the W114am J. Baxter property, which purchase will lead to the preservation of the site known as Fort Corch>iug; and be it further RESOLVE[) that the 5uffoi{c County portion of thw funding for the aforesaid purchase shall be Two Million dollars, and the Southold Town portion will bts Iimtted to One • Million Do?lar,. ~ ~r~ Judith T. Terry U Southold Town Clerk ' May 25, 1989 _ File: S.C.Legislature Fort Corchaug Property" • • c~> ~ 9 <,p~,> ~ Town Hall, 53095 Main Road ~w ter P.O. Box 1179 '~j~l , ~ Southold, New York 11971 JUDITH T. TERRY ~ Enx 1516) 765-1823 TOWN CLERK TELEPHONE (516) 765-1801 REGISTRAR OE VITAL STATISTICS OFFICE OF THE TOWN CLERK TOWN OF SOUTHOLD May 25, 1989 Honorable Gregory J. Blass Presiding Officer Suffolk County Legislature Legislature Building Veterans Memorial Highway Hauppauge, New York 17788 Dear Presiding Officer Blass: Transmitted herewith is a certified resolution of the Southold Town Board, adopted at their Special Meeting held on May 24, 1989, authoriz- ing the Southold Town portion of One Million Dollars toward the purchase of the William J. Baxter property, Cutchogue, which purchase would lead to the preservation of the site known as Fort Corchaug. Very truly yours, Judith T. Term Southold Town Clerk Enclosure ~ c~~FFOl/~~0~~ 0 Town Hall, 53095 Main Road • ~ P.O. Box 1179 '~l~ ,~f. Southold, New York 11971 NDITH T. TERRY 1 T anx 1516) 765-1823 TOWN cLeRx TELEPHONE (516) 765-1801 REGISTRAR OF VITAL STATISTICS OFFICE OF THE TOWN CLERK TOWN OF SOUTHOLD THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE FOLLOWING RESOLUTION WAS ADOPTED BY THE SO UT HOLD TOWN BOARD AT A SPECIAL MEETING HELD ON MAY 24, 1989: WHEREAS, approximately one hundred and four (104) acres of undeveloped vacant land currently located in the Town of Southold is currently owned by William J. Baxter; and WHEREAS, preservation of this parcel would contribute to stabilizing the water chemistry of, and otherwise protect the ecological integrity of the great Peconic Bay because this parcel of land borders Downs Creek along almost its entire western side and lies immediately north of where this important drainage joins with the Great Peconic Bay; and WHEREAS, such parcel of land constitutes one of the last vestiges of open space within the entire Town of Southold available for public acquisition for open space purposes, the only known site of an Indian fort on Long Island not significantly disturbed by development and which was a defensive installation for the Corchaug Indians, one of thirteen (13) subtribes of the Algonquin culture located on Long Island at the time of the first contact with new settlers; and WHEREAS, Charles F. Goddard, founder of the Southold Indian Museum, had made extensive exploration of the fort in the early part of the Twentieth Century, con- ducting an excavation which has yielded many Indian artifacts as well as colonial trade pipes and brown-glazed colonial utilitarian objects; and WHEREAS, William J. Baxter may be willing to sell such property; and WHEREAS, the following parcel was approved for preliminary planning steps and ultimate inclusion in Suffolk County Open Space Program: Suffolk County Tax Map Number: District 1000, Section 116.00, Block 01.00, Lot 003.000, Acres: 104, Reputed Owner: William J. Baxter, c/o Baxter Bros., Inc., Elijahs Lane, Mattituck, New York 11952; and WHEREAS, the Commissioner of the County Department of Public Works was authorized empowered, and directed to have surveys and maps prepared for the subject parcel; and Page 2 - Baxter • • WHEREAS, the Commissioner of the County Department of Real Estate was authorized, empowered, and directed to have the subject parcel appraised; and WHEREAS, the cost of such surveys, maps and/or appraisals, if any, shall be paid from the funds to be appropriated pursuant to Article XII of the Suffolk County Charter as a reimbursement, if necessary, for costs incurred and paid for from other funds or as a direct payment from such proceeds, as the case may be; and WHEREAS, any acquisition of such land shall be subject to the appropriation of :sufficient: funds :pursuant to Article XII of the Suffolk County Charter, and subject to explicit. legislative '.authorization and approval of such acquisition via subsequent duly enacted resolution; and WHEREAS, any acquisition of such land shall be subject to participation of the Town of Southold with Town of Southold Open Space appropriation funds as authorized by voter referendum in November of 1987; now, therefore, be it RESOLVED that the Town of :Southold will participate in a joint venture with the County of Suffolk for the purchase of the William J. Baxter property, which purchase will lead to the preservation of the site known as Fort Corchaug; and be it further RESOLVED that thL Suffolk County portion of the funding for the aforesaid purchase shall be Two Million Dollars, and the Southold Town portion will be limited to One Million Dollars. Judith T. Terry Southold Town Clerk May 25, 1989 v.) 1A S d W C+fint-wS t. f~f~ S W ~+F?+fv1,S a1' ~ r+- W \a fv~f'-~~ C S v-C lx ~ ~l S bi +~1 ~L_ ~3 F S~~C~-,i C-z, T u ~ `21 z L i N `C + d~,~v r 'l t~l T ~ 1~1~ C`~ S a L.~T Ey Ci t`7 w , . i bl T v ~.r-~ ~ P Pu ~ rs v (L~ Z (-tom +3 v u , 6-~L2C~-J~~~ c,. w~ tJ ~ v r~ C~ l ~ L~ 1 p _ ca ~ ~ ~ 1~ ~Q'3 ~ V ~A \ C c/\~n (7 j-• C'J R;'" t -~C- K ~.o'~s 9'~ S T-b~ c Grp PLC ~t d~l,`(~ (N N '~-i'Lf`-`p+S ~I l,`l CSV ~ G'~c~t,--r c_U1, y ~ a-- O ~ T- w.~ ~ v~~ ~N ~ L. r3 f-- off- ln/~ ~ 1, ~ ~ t~ 7 c7 L l.. Ya v'l. S ~ ,t~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ lM \ L L~ 7 d L~ YL S, RECEIVED FEB 2 2 1995 $aA~wbTownC~e1'~t February 2], 7999 P.O..Hor. 602 Cutchogue, Ny'51935 Thomas Wickham, Supervisor - Louisa P. Evans, Councilmember ` Alice J. Hussie, Councilmember Joseph J. Lizewski, Councilmember Ruth D. Oliva, Councilmember Joseph L. Townsend, Councilmember Richard Ward, Chairman, Planning Aoar<i Dear Members of the Town Board and Flarn~ing Hoard, This letter is to voice objection to a pending deal to purchase with Open Spaces Preservation funds 37.47 acres of the Barter proper-ty fur nearly $900,000, which includes the Fort Corchaug site. I think this is not a very good deal for the Town and the taxpayers,"and is at cuunter- purposes with the farmland preservation policy. Far from preserving farm- . land, it appears to me that the pending deal, if coriclude<1~ would facilitate the conversion of farmland to developed land. There are various other objections to the purchase that occur to me: 1) The parcel does not have any special features of natctral beauty that would suggest it as a park site. Preserving the site of Fort Corchaug seems to be the only reason for considering the purchase. But the amount o~f land proposed 'For purchase is far larger than what is necessary to preserve the Fort Corchaug site. Therefore, the anticipated cost is far higher than it has to he, In addition, the per ar_re cost seems rinreasonably high to me arrd is much higher than the average we have paid in the past. 2) Spending about X900,000 for that single parcel would nearly deplete the funds approved in 1987 by the voters for open space preservation. Thus, to keep the open spacesprogram operating it will soon 6e necessary to go hack to the voters ayain. I doubt that the voters expected that: one-half of the fcinds they were approving would be shot on one deal, one that will likely end cip causing lass of farmland. 3) Rather than preserving farmland, the proposed ctea] will frcrther enrich an already well to do man, providing him the funds to enable development of the remainder of his parcel. Thus, the Tuwn will end up paying to destroy farmland, not tc~ preserve it. Su one preservation program will wurk at n-oss purposes to the other. 4> Historical site preservation should not be a role for the Town when private organizations already er.ist for that, purprase. If those organizations will not do it, why should taxpayers' dollars - he spent instead? The purchase of the 37.47 acres has an apparently noble objective behind it: the preservation of the site of old Fort Cor~hacig. However, when I visited the site I must say that it was an w~rderwtie Lninq experience. There is nothing there. It was equal-1 y`underwhelming to read the archeoloyical research paper- by Ralph Solecki,.prc~ilished 1950 in the • r 2 Bulletin of•the Archeological Society of Connecticu:t..'1 3t,e artifacts he uncovered seemed to me to be few and comparitively insignificant. In additions even the slightly raised earth berm around`the uld fort perimeter, present when Solecki did his er.cavations,has rinw'disappeared> having been mostly hauled away. T° °ie noFo lothe schany. seems to 6e somewhat a case of the emperor haviny Notwithstanding the lack of rn~Poodspeoplelcin~the town havehworked site made on me, it is true that many g far over two decades to try and preserve that site. Out of def erenrP and respect for them, I am in favor of trying nut some alternative plans for acquiring the site, as follows: 1> Reduce the size of tt,e parr_el to be acquired tr. only an area surrounding the fort site, plus a narrow accesslssrap yneamatsthey the proposed trail shown on the attached mapi~p Main Road For parking. A possible plat plar'r~of the area I propose for acquisition is marked in yreen nn the attached map. It comprises abo,lt 15.5 acres. 2) Negotiate with the owner to have him sell .this smaller parcel at little or na cost to the Town. in return 'foi- the Town's agreement to suitable development plans for the remainderof his parcel. If he agrees to that> the Town would then immediately resell the parcel to theyCwouldgbe-rlesponsible fostthecsiteodece]opmenteandwnasnteanrend 3> In the event the owner will not agree to the approach in 1) and 2) above, then any purchase derision would be made not by the Town but by the Cutchogue-IVew Suffolk Historical Counc-il (or the Cutrhogue and Souttwld Historical Councils •1°urchase, sincer~rthel two'Co~nctirls financial wherewithal to make the p were recently each given ~SOO,OOn fl"om the estate of Plildred Bainbridge. This alternative plan has the Fallowing advantages and logic: a) The Open Spaces Preservation Fund would not be vastly depleted by the purchase, but left intact for cittorcause the loss(,ofhfarmland would not be in the position of paying b> The ultimate decision about F~reser-ving a histau~caOSesitBrltn`ifd be made by an organization which exists for that p P they decide that it is Writ woGret`'~`sed?nctThgstapproachewouldatesttthe why should taxpayers' money sincerity of convictions that the Fort Corchauq sii:e shauic) he pre- served. c> The future use and develupu,enf <,f the site would be managed by an organization which ev.ists far that purpose. It is best that the • Town government not he saddl e,l with that continueu responsibility and expense. As a member of the Land Presei•:atian C'on,mittee i have been actively opposing the proposed purchase because of the objections listed above, but other members of the Committee -feel otherwise. The idea to . 3 bring in the Historical Councils and to reduce the play size rec entJy occurred to men so I am writing you to urge that you pLt it up to the Historical Council(s) and use the Town's leverage to~atrike a better deal. If the Councils are not interested enough in the Fort Gorchaug preservation to put up their own moneyr then why should the taxpayers foot tl~e bill? Si y> Dougl s W. McGahan cc: Joe Gold, Chairman e,~ . _ v_ . ,_w , - ~_FZ _ - - _ r_. _.n _ . - _ _ _ _ . _a_.. , - < ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ; rora 4TaH i ~ ~a~y a armaa e,~, o.~n ~ ~ O - _ _ -r."~-e-'- _ _ _ I~ _ a ~ i3 _ ~ c.~_ ~ Tim ~ - - c'~s.4 _ _ t~ ~'~~y~r? ~ } 4~~ V/3~ r ~ ~ 1~ _ , R _ _ ^ ~ ~ ~ 5, - , . . _ ~ ~ t i ; ' a. »~RaF' ~ a -''ms's ~ ~ ~ ~.+s-~ r. r 1 i ~ d 4^ 5 4 ~ g ~ , it a . _ _ _ \e l 1 !l m / ~ ~ .rowa5rrclr'~"m1i. Cl ab96AM.4~AiBw+ / ' ~G ~ ~ i ~ _ d avF,~xa ~m rc :wao - , ~-Q- _ rarparwg,ta~dsneas INDUW SHORES '~0"~~`"""'"""""~SN 1°°' PBCOn1C Lund Trllei • mnraaa °t IX,R610GLE Tw.n d SOURKKD - ~"~~,""NY°k COf~ICEPTUAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN ~....e.®~~,,,,,,,o sn.o~r~w FILE: Petitions and Complaints Fort Corchaug V- Land Preservation Committee - Town Y • • Sep-06-96 11 :03A JG0~516 7342887 ~ P_O1 /~'z3 C11YT F118 Tll118 ~i~:" ~ INFORMATION laei I 16) 360-3474 • FAX 3 C'-3622 ASSDCIATES BOX 5305 • ROUTE 1 1 1 • HAUPPAUGE, NY 1 1 788 January 6, 1995 i (Jr~ Y( 6 Thomas H. Wickham, Supervisor Town of Southold Town Hall 53095 Main Road Southold. N. Y. 11971 nc: Ddu'cr rafTbi~Git vGichallg Dear Mr. Wickham: As par your request, I have reviewed my file and the map that you sent me regarding the above property, for Ute purpose of responding to your question regarding the value of a 37 t acre portion of the subject property that the Town is now considering for purchase. Based upon my review of my prior appraisal, which vvas prepared in June, 1994, and a separate letter prepared for you in September. 1941, and after considering the smaller size of the area now being proposed for purchase, I feet that a reasonable estimate of the value of this portion of the subject is 324,000.00 per acre, or 37. acres @ $24,000.CO = 5888,000.00. Please note that I have not prepared a new appraisal of the subject property, nor have 1 conducted a new market study and fhe above value estimate is based upon my review of the market data and analysis captained in the appraisal I prepared for you in June, 1954. S1~ould you have any questions or would Sake to discuss this matter further, please call me. Thank you for this opportunity servt: ycu. Sincerely, - PATRICX A. GIVEN, SRPA PAG:Ia FILE: Appraisals j Fort Corchaug ? Gen."G" • ~ ~ • o~oSUFFOt:,~~, ~ ~G pp~~..,,..~~ = y` Town Hall, 53095 Main Road THOMAS H. WICKHAM "'`~~a °y = P. O. Box 1179 SUPERVISOR u- T Southold, New York 11971 DEC $ ~ • ~ Fax (516) 765-1823 ~',~Ol ~ ~a0~' Telephone (516) 765-1889 I~NII Today the Town of Southold and Wm Baxter, owner of property known locally as "Fort Corchaug," moved a step closer to preserving a historic part of the 104-acre site that once contained an original American Indian settlement. Mr. Baxter met with officials of Southold Town and the Peconic Land Trust in Supervisor's Tom Wickham's office to present a plan that would preserve a 37-acre part of the property where the original Indian fort is located. Stressing that no decisions were made at the meeting, Supervisor Wickham said afterwards that the plan has three parts of approximately equal acreage. In addition to the proposed open space acquisition by the Town, the plan calls for a lazge agricultural field for vineyard and horse fazm use, and an area for limited residential development. The Peconic Land Trust has worked closely with the Baxter family in preparing the plan. The Trust would receive easements on the agricultural land through a qualified donation from the Baxter family, which would ensure that those lands intended for vineyards and horse fazming would not be developed. The plan is a "limited development conservation plan" which means that preservation of significant portions of the property is achieved by allowing partial development of another part of the site. Details of that development aze not yet available, but Mr. Baxter and John Halsey, President of the Trust, pointed out that the total number of homes now planned for the entire 104-acre site is fifteen. Up until today, Mr. Baxter has been pursuing afull-development plan with the Town's Planning Board that calls for 45 homes. The proposed acquisition is subject to further review by the Town before it can be cazried out. Acquisitions under the Open Space program call first for a recommendation by the Town's Open Space Committee and then a vote by the Town Board. Supervisor Wickham said he believed that Mr. Baxter and the Board were close to agreement on the price for the open space, based on its appraised value, but that the appraisal would have to be updated to reflect the azea now proposed for purchase. Joseph Gold, chairman of the Town's Land Preservation Committee, noted that the cost of this acquisition could be accommodated in the remaining funds in the Open Space account. Other steps must be taken before the plan could be carried out, such as an environmental review and an approval by the Town's Planning Board on the division of the property. Planning Board Chairman Richard Ward, expressing support for the plan, said it was a significant improvement over the full-development plan currently before his Boazd. He added that the Planning Board would complete its reviews quickly once the plan was formally presented. - - • 2 The proposed Town-owned open space tract would have ample frontage on the South side of Rt 25. It would include the wooded part of the site to a point roughly half way to New Suffolk Ave, including the historic Indian fort site and some frontage on Downs Creek. Supervisor Wickham said it is premature to state how the open space would be used, but that there is broad support on the Town Board and among participants in the meeting for a passive use, for example the establishment of a small interpretative center and nature trails. After many years ofoff-again, on-again discussions, it seems that public acquisition of the key part of Ft Corchaug may finally become a reality. The Supervisor expressed his thanks to all those who have kept working for this goal, including members of the Town Board and, not least, Mr. Baxter and his family. Nov 30 1994 TW 3 FILE: Fort Corchaug ? Peconic Land Trust .i • BaX INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT r~ 1030 E_PUTNAM AVENUE, GREENWICH, CONNECTICUT 06836 ~ (2031 637-4559 November 11, 1994 Mr. Tom Wickham Town Hall Office of the Supervisor Southold, NY. Dear Tom: I noted in the November 3rd Suffolk Times an anonymous Southold official said that the owner of Fort Corchaug "is unwilling to sell the 106-acre property for its appraised value and had been unwilling to agree on a price with the tocan." Since I had not yet responded to your last offer, I find it surprising to hear that I am unwilling to agree on a price with the town. The fact of the matter is we have had a series of meetings with the Peconic Land Trust, our attorney and the firm of Young & Young to prepare a plan combining public ownership and limited development of the Fort Corchaug site. It is our objective to have a detailed conceptual plan available for your consideration within 30 days. So far I am impressed with the progress resulting from the combined efforts of the Peconic Land Trust and Young & Young. I lock forward to discussing this plan with you as soon as the work is completed. Sincerely, William J. Baxter WJB:rs _ _ / ~~~G • o~~SpFFO~,~~, ~G m 'y~ Town Hall, 5309b Main Road r. THOMA.4 H. WICKHAM H - P. O. Boa 1179 m SUPERVISOR x Southold, New York 11971 O ~ .tC Faa (b16) 765-1523 'y Telephone (516) 765-1889 m O 'flpl ~ ,~.a c n n c ~ n ~ d ac --I ~ z c November 15, 1994 Mr. William J. Baxter Baxter Investment Management 1030 E. Putnam Avenue Greenwich, Connecticut 06836 Dear Mr. Baxter: Thank you for your letter of November 11th, reiterating your interest in preserving Fort Corchaug and a possible role for Southold Town in that effort. I am very pleased that you are making progress with the Peconic Land Trust and your engineers and I look forward to meeting with you as soon as you're ready. Fort Corchaug continues to be of high priority in Southold Town and I believe there i.s support for Town acquisition along the lines that we have discussed. I continue to be optimistic that a Town acquisition is in your interests and the Town's. As we discussed recently, however, there is interest in several other possible acquisitions in the Town, and I am not sure we will continue to have funds for Fort Corchaug beyond December of this year. Sincerely, / _ ~/vl 'rU/'/6 Thomas Wickham Supervisor /~UF ~p~ Opp JUDITH T. TERRY ~9~ L~- Town Hall, 53095 Main Road TOWN CLERK k y x P.O. Box 1179 • ~ Southold, New York 11971 REGISTRAR OF VITAL STATISTICS , ~~~(J' Fax (516) 765-1823 RECORDS MANAGEMENT OFFICER ~~Ol ~ ~~p{{i~ Telephone (616) 765-1800 FREEDOM OF INFORMATION OFFICER ~-~a~ OFFICE OF THE TOWN CLERK TOWN OF SOUTHOLD THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE FOLLOWING RESOLUTION WAS ADOPTED BY THE SOUTHOLD TOWN BOARD AT A REGULAR MEETING HELD ON OCTOBER 18, 1994: RESOLVED that the Town Board of the Town of Southold hereby authorizes the expenditure of $200.00 for a review and analysis of the Baxter Farm/Fort Corchaug appraisal by Patrick A. Given, SRPA. Judith T. Terry Southold Town Clerk October 19, 1994 i\ a` 4 ~ - .l, ,i PLANNING BOARD MEMBERS ~ ~ ' ~ Richard G. Ward, Chairman iy Town Hall, 53095 Main Road George Ritchie Latham, Jr. ` P. O. Box 1179 Bennett Odowski, Jr. 9;.~,,,."~i Southold, New York 11971 Mark S. McDonald ?r Fax (516) 765-3136 2~'z=z~, Kenneth L. Edwards ril^'"' Telephone (516) 765-1938 PLANNING BOARD OFFICE TOWN OF SOUTHOLD RECEIVED PAAR 2 3 ~~54 TO; Thomas Wickham. Supervisor Southold row„ Clark FROM: Robert G. Kassner, Site Plan Reviewer SUBJECT: East End Economic & Environmental Institute/Fort Corchaug land acquisition DATE: March 22, 1994 This is in response to your note regarding State funding for Fort Corchaug. I discussed this matter with Tom Twomey today to get his input on h®w we should proceed. Tom mentioned that he is setting up a meeting with Langdon Marsh the newly appointed acting commissioner of the Department of Environmental Conservation and the Institute to discuss land acquisition. As you are a member of the Institute, Tom indicated that this would be an ideal time to discuss funding for the Fort acquisition. The meeting is planned for April/May, you will receive notice of the date when finalized. As you know, the recommendation for acquisition was in the task force report and is strongly endorsed by Tom and the Institute. cc: Planning Department Town Clerk, Judith Terry Community Development Town Attorney Landmark Preservation Commission GHAELES B. CUDDY INI U~LI/'1'{'y ATTORNEY AT LAW /P(3 1$O OLD COUNTRY ROAD (RTE. 58) P. O. DOX 1547 RIVEREiEAD, NY 11D01 ADJACENT TO TQL IS1B1 3BB-8200 MOTOR VEHICLE DEPARTMENT FAY: 131013660060 January 10, 1994 Town of Southold Planning Board 53095 Main Road P.O. Box 1179 _ Southold, New York 11971 Attn: Melissa Re: Indian Shores Subdivision Dear Melissa: Enclosed is a copy of the letter written to Thomas Twomey as Chairman of the Governor's East End Task Force. V/e~ry truly yours, Charles R. Cuddy CRC/ec l • PATRICK A. GIVEN, SRPA (s1s> aso-3a~a box 5305 • 550 route 111 • hauppauge, n.y. 11788-0306 FAX 360-3622 September 26, 1994 Thomas Wickham, Supervisor Town of Southold Town Hall 53095 Main Road Southold, N. Y. 11971 Review and Analysis of Baxter Farm/Fort Corchaug Appraisal $200.00 real estate appraisers and consultants given [516) 360-3474 • FAX 360-3622 ASSOCIATES BOX 305 • 550 ROUTE 111 • HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788 September 26, 1994 Thomas Wickham, Supervisor Town of Southold Town Hall 53095 Main Road Southold, N. Y. 11971 Re: Baxter farms/T=ort Corchaug Dear Mr. Wickham: As per your request, I have reviewed my file and appraisal on the above property, for the purpose of responding to your question regarding the value of the subject if the farmland is excluded. The subject contains in total area 105.6 t acres, of which approximately 40 acres is cleared farmland, with the balance, 65.6± acres, consisting of 58.41 acres of woodlands and 7.2 t of tidal wetlands. In my appraisal of this property, dated June, 1994 (valuation date, April 6, 1994), I estimated the value of the subject as a 105.6 t acre parcel. In my current analysis, I have analyzed the same 5 sales, as shown on Page 41 of my appraisal, and in this analysis I have made the following changes: The time adjustment, location and zoning adjustment all remain the same. I have reduced the size adjustment by 5% on each of the sales to reflect the smaller size of the subject in this analysis (65.61 acres as opposed to 105.61 acres). I have increased the wafer frontage adjustment by 5% to reflect the proportionately greater amount of the subject land, which has water views, a factor that is again partly offset by the presence of Indian settlements on this land. In my previous appraisal, under Marketability, I had adjusted each of the sales downward 5% to reflect the subject's tidal wetlands. In my current analysis, this adjustment would be increased, as the tidal wetlands represent a proportionately larger amount of the subject, however, this downward adjustment would be entirely offset by the wooded status of the subject, which is judged superior in marketability to each of the sales which are cleared farmland. REAL ESTATE APPRAISERS AND CONSULTANTS Thomas Wickham, Supervisor September 26, 1994 After considering my review and the above analysis, I conclude a reasonable estimate of the subject property, excluding the farmland portion, is $23,000.00 per acre, or 65.61 acres @ $23,000.00 = $1,508,800.00, say $1,509,000.00. Please note that I have not prepared a new appraisal of the subject property nor have I conducted a new market study and the above value estimate is based upon my review of the marker data and analysis contained in the appraisal I prepared for you in June, 1994. Should you have any questions or would like to discuss this matter further, please call me. Thank you for this opportunity to serve you. Sincerely, PATRICK A. GIVEN, SRPA PAG:Ia Encls. given associates ~ FILE: Fort Corchaug i• . • • ~ ~o~os~FFOt~-~oGy ~ Town Hall, 6309b Main Road THOMA.9 H. WICKHAM y P. O. Boa 1179 SUPERYLSOR ~ ~ Southold, New York 11971 y • ~`g Fex (618)76b-1823 ~Ol ~ ~a~ Telephone (b18) 76b-1889 September 13, 1994 William Baxter Baxter Investment Management 1030 E. Putnam Avenue Greenwich, Connecticut 06836 Deaz Mr. Baxter. I have reviewed your September 8, 1994 letter and the scrapbook on the lengthy history of Fort Corchaug. At our last meeting on August 26, 1994, we agreed to explore a plan for the Fort Corchaug site whereby the Town would purchase the woodland portion of the site, and you would market the farmland portion as two separate parcels. [was to have an appraisal done on the woodfagd portion of the site, and you were to establish the value of the two familand parcels. IEyou were satisfied with the total value, I would proceed to move the public acquisition of the woodland part. Last week [engaged Pat Given to proceed with an appraisal of the woodland portion of the site. He advised me that it will take two to three weeks to complete the appraisal. I will contact you as soon as I heaz from him, and [hope that by that time you will have estimates of the value of the two farmland portions such that we can come to agreement. I would like to conclude this letter with two points, both of which have guided my discussions with you on August 26th, and at our other meetings. The first is that I truly believe the public interest would be served by public acquisition of a significant portion of the site, or all of it, and I believe that, up until now at least, there is broad agreement on this from the rest of the Town Boazd. The second point is our guideline that public acquisition must be at a cost supported by current appraisals. I look Eorwazd to adding up the estimated values of the pazcels in two or three weeks time, in the hope that the sum would represent an acceptable figure to go forward with. I remain available to meet with you and members of your family at any time. With best rega Sincerely, ~ / / / 'c Thomas H. Wickham Supervisor Baxter INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT r ~~C, 1030 E. PUTNAM AVENUE, GREENWICH, CONNECTICUT 06836 (2031 637-4559 ' - ~ - I September 8, 1994 Mr. Tom Wickham Office of the Supervisor Town Hall Southold, NY 11971 Dear Tom: I have welcomed our recent opportunities to discuss possible public acquisition of the Fort Corchaug site. I get the impression that we may be playing an Alfonse-Gaston act where I am waiting for you to come back to me with a reappraisal Of the uinnrjl and rn,;-r i O and yOl; are Y:aiting for me to advise you what arrangements I have made for the - farmland. In an effort to simplify and clarify matters, I would like to make the following proposal for your consideration. I have enclosed a scrapbook on Fort Corchaug under separate cover. If you peruse it you will note that it repeatedly refers to an agreed on price of $3 million for the 105-acre parcel. That translates to $28,571 per acre. My efforts over the past few years have been directisd at seeing that the town lives up to its commitment- I would be satisfied that it has do7>e so if it agreed to purchase the 30-acre parcel, including the Fort Corchaug site, at the same $28,571 per acre price. I am aware that I will realize substantially less on the farmland acreage, but I believe I could make up for it through limited development of the southern creek and woodland parcel. Naturally, if the town, in conjunction with the county or some other party, is considering acquiring the entire woodland portion the southern section, with considerable frontage on the creek, would have to be valued higher. My attorney, Charles Cuddy, scheduled a meeting this week with Mr. Johnson of Peconic Land Trust requesting that they submit a proposal to us. I expect to receive that shortly. I am always available to meet with you should you have any questions. Sincerely, 7/V` U Bill Baxter i ~ OFFICE OF THE COUNTY LEGISLATURE COUNTY OF SUFFOLK `S~' vi; County Legislator Gregory J. Blass'-:y~;.l;y,~~s First District P.O. Box 1030 Main Road Aquebogue, NY 11931 February 15, 1994 Southold Town Board Southold Town Hall RECEIVED Main Road P.O. Box 1179 FEB 1 8 1994 Southold, NY 11971 Southol!~ Town l'lark Dear Mr. Supervisor and Councilpersons: I would like to be given the opportunity to discuss with you at Town Hall the issues and other matters which are of concern to the Town of Southold. I would invite to your attention one item for the agenda would be the matter of Fort Corchaug. Please be kind enough to provide two or three dates when such a discussion would be convenient for your schedule. With best personal regards. Very truly y(o~urs/, r Gregory J. Blass Legislator, First District GJB:dd w ¦ FILE: Legislature - SCE Fort Corchaug • October 14, 1993 Thomas A. Twomey, Esq. Twomey, Latham, Shea & Kelly 33 West Second Street Post Office Box 398 Riverhead, New York 11901 Re: Indian Shores, Cutchoque, New York Dear Mr. Twomey: I represent William Baxter, Jr., who has filed a subdivision map with the Town of Southold for a 106-acre parcel located on the west side of Downs Creek between New Suffolk Avenue and the Main Road (New York State Route 25) at Cutchogue. This acreage has been the subject of considerable discussion and negotiation amongst the Town, County and local environmental groups. The parcel contains what is believed to be the vestiges of an Indian settlement known as Fort Corchaug, which gave its name to the community. Mr. Baxter for a number of years has discussed the acquisition of this parcel by the Town or County. At one time there was interest to the point that the Town set aside considerable funds for the purchase, and the County agreed to participate. The County then withdrew that participation. Since part of the interest in the property is in the estate of Mr. Baxter's father, it is neces- sary to make some disposition of the parcel. To this end, after waiting four to five years to determine if in fact the Town or County would purchase it, Mr. Baxter has filed a subdivision application. We believe the subdivision will ultimately be approved. However, the North Fork Environmental Council and other community members have expressed the hope that the parcel might still be acquired. Mr. Baxter has offered thirty acres of the parcel, including the Indian Fort site, to the Town for $1 million. He is willing to accept $3 million for the entire 106-acre parcel. This is based upon the present 'level of invest- ment and before he must undertake extensive environmental studies to proceed with the subdivision. ~ Since the acquisition of this parcel has been supported by a ! number of community groups throughout the North Fork, I thought it d would be worthwhile contacting you as Chairman of the Governor's Task Force to request your consideration of this matter and to - - - ~L i ~ ~ ~ ~ A. Twome Es ~ Y. 4• - 2 - October 14, 1993 o ~ ~ d - c :',=etermine if there was assistance available from the State that o ould permit the public acquisition of the parcel. Mr. Robert n1° Kassner, who I understand is a member of your Task Force and also m o is a member of the Southold Town Planning Staff, is uniquely ~ °i situated to rovide 1° a p you with further insight into this matter. You may wish to contact him. I would also be pleased to further ~ discuss this with you and look forward to your response. -i 0 f Very truly yours, Charles R. Cuddy 1 ~ [ , ~ ~ PLANNING BOARD MEMBERS W ~ ^ ,~J SCOTT L. HARRIS Bennett Orlowski, Jr., Chairman a ` Supervisor Y~ Q George Ritchie Latham, Jr. -~"•:~r _~~y .~~•~~L Richard G. Ward Town Hall, 53095 Main Road Mark S. McDonald P.O. Box 1179 Kenneth L. Edwards Southold, New York 11971 PLANNING BOARD OFFICE Telephone (516) 765-1938 TOWN OF SOUTHOLD Fax (516) 765-1823 December 2, 1992 William J. Baxter Baxter Investment Management 1030 E. Putnam Avenue Greenwich, Connecticut 06836 RE: Proposed Major Subdivision Fort Corchaug Cutchogue, New York SCTM# 1000-116-1-3 Dear Mr. Baxter: Your letter of November 23, 1992 in reference to the above mentioned proposal has been received by this office. Please note that the proposal Daniel Ross submitted on your behalf on April 8, 1992 is not a complete application due to the fact that the application fee has not been submitted. Rather, it is classified as an incomplete application having no status before the Board. When the application fee is submitted, the review process will be initiated, unless we are directed by the Town Attorney not to do so because of unresolved litigation. If you have any questions regarding the above, please contact this office. Jery truly yours, ~a%~~ Bennett Orlowski, Jr Mfs Chairman cc: Scott L. Harris, Supervisor Harvey A. Arnoff, Town Attorney Judith T. Terry, Town Clerk ~ Art Ross, Chairman, Land Preservation Committee FILE: Planning Board - Town Fort Corchaug~/ "B' General i ~ t ~ S~FFo ~ ~`0//'' Town Hall, 53095 Main Road P.O. Box 1179 Southold, New York 11971 ~ Fax (516) 765-1833 0 ® ~ Telephone (516) 765-IA01 gyp! ~ ~~0~' LAND PRESERVATION COMMITTEE TOWN OF SOUTHOLD October 19, 1992 William J. Baxter 1030 E. Putnam Avenue Greenwich, CT 06830 Dear Mr. Baxter: I have your letter of October 14, 1992 in which you enclosed a subdivision sketch plan of your 105 acre property in Cutchogue. In your letter, you offer to sell a lot designated #19 consisting of 21.7 acres, which includes the site of "Fort Corchaug," to the Town of Southold for $1,000,000. Presumably, this offer is made under the terms of Local Law 2, 1988, in relation to open space or open area preservation. On behalf of the Land Preservation Committee, I extend our thanks for your submission. We must advise you, however, that your offer cannot be considered by the committee while the lawsuit entitled, William J. Baxter, Jr., et. al. vs. County of Suffolk and Town of Southold continues. This is in accordance with our previous practice. Until the litigation is resolved, or we receive some other direction from the Town Board, we cannot ask for public funding to proceed with an appraisal. Sincerely, ~ ~ FAR:JW Frederick A. Ross, Chairman Southold Land Preservation Committee cc -Town Board Matt Kiernan, Assistant Town Attorney Land Preservation Committee i • W 1030 E. PUTNAM AVENUE, GREENWICH, CON N. 06830 (203) 6374559 A WORLD ECONOMIC SERVICE S~yving jnvestors Sincelg2g October 14, 1992 Mr. Frederick A. Ross, Chairman Open Space Committee Town of Southold Dear Mr.. Ross: I have enclosed a subdivision sketch plan of our 105-acre property in Cutchogue. I am hereby offering to sell to the Town of Southold for $1,000,000.00 Lot ~p19, which includes the site of Fort Corchaug. I would appreciate it if you would notify me of a date that would he convenient to discuss this plan in more deati_1. Sincerely, WJB/sw Wile J. ax er Encl. ~ FILE: Land Preservation Committee - Town Fort Corchaug~ '+=~-e._. "B" General L~ •r?• • ~ • PoSFIY"routing mouesr Pao ]6W t; PECONIC LAND TF ROUTING - RE(~UEST /11 JO Jammer Lane, P.O. Box 2088, Southampu Please ' READ ^~To~-~~ ' ~rJ ~aq~[~ ? HANDLE ~ ~y (N /-'jP~a~/~~TL%/SN,S ? APPROVE fi7RT rL~P G/R.d /-c SST and ? FORWARD W~/~ [o.ci-77F~' T9 cu ? RETURN t- A~/OP ]T -w~B 7'Z) ? KEEP OR DISCARD l~/SC'U55 TL] S Mr. William Baxter ? REVIEW WITH ME 4 Windrose Way ~J ~ Fro ~p Meads Point Dara Greenwich, CT 06830 1.....----_. Mr. Scott L. Hams, Supervisor Town of Southold P.O. Box 1179 Southold, New York 11971 Re: L1T"i'~.d °in '~~/pr°.°.°:'.•atl,^.^. Alvin FOr F'Ort COrCh min Arr`narfv .,pme a' r (SCTM#1000-11601-3) Located on the West Side of Downs Creek, Town of Southold. Deaz Mr. Baxter and Mr. Hams: This letter is to clazify the planning process outlined in my letter of May 27, 1992. Before the Baxter family and Southold To~on can realistically enter into the agreement outlined therein, the pazties must agree that a portion of the property is, in fact, worthy of acquisition by Southold Town. Furthermore, the land to be acquired by the Town should be clearly delineated so that its size can be determined and a realistic appraisal of its value can be completed. To the extent that the Peconic Land Trust can serve to facilitate agreement on the identification of the land to be acquired, we would be happy to do so at no cost to either party. To this end, I can foresee the Trust identifying several acquisition options based upon the input of both parties. Thereafter, the work agreement as outlined in my letter of May 27 is both timely and appropriate. I would be happy to meet with you both individually or together to further discuss our next steps. Thank you very much. Sincerely, J.~ J n v.H. Hal y esident ~ PECONIt_, LAND TRUST • Y ~ 11 30 Jammer Lane, P.O. Box 2088, Southampton, IVY 11%9 (516)2833195 Fax{516)287-0235 May 28, 1992 n~ ~ -w? 1,~~ ~I V~Y ~ ~ 1311{ Z.~.. b.r. Scott L. Harris, Supervisor Town of Southold P.O. Box 1179 Southold, *:C..' Ycr'~ 11971 - Dear Scott: Please find attached a proposal for your consideration with respect to the Fort Corchaug (Baxter) property. I would be happy to sit down with you to discuss the situation prior to a full review by the Town Board. I am very interested in knowing and understanding your position with respect to the property and helping the Town meet its objectives with the site. Tim Caufield and/or I will call you in the coming days to arrange a meeting with you, as appropriate. Talk to you soon. Sincerely, o v.H. Halsey President Enclosure z , • ~ ~ PECONIC LAND TRUST ~I, 30 Jammer [ane, P.O. Box 2088, Sou[hampton, lVY 11969 (516)283-3195 Faz:(i 16)283-0235 May 27, 1992. Mr. William Baxter 4 Windrose Way Meads Point Greenwich, CT 06830 Mr. Scott L. Hams, Supervisor Town of Southold P.O. Box 1179 - outhold, New York 11971 Re: Limited Development/Preservation Plan for Fort Corchaug Property (SCTM#1000-116-O1-3) Located on the West Side of Downs Creek, Town of Southold. Deaz Mr. Baxter and Mr. Hams: As a conservation organization, the Peconic Land Trust specializes in the preservation of farmland and open space through creative planning, land acquisition and land management. Increasingly, our organization has been called upon to work with landowners and local governments to identify and implement alternatives to maximum development, where appropriate. Recent efforts to preserve the Fort Corchaug property in its entirety have been unsuccessful, leaving limited development as a viable option to explore as a part of an overall preservation effort. I firmly believe that the Trust can assist in this effort with the preparation and refinement of a concept plan for this property which will provide a means of realizing the equity therein for the owners, while also protecting an important cultural and historic community resource for the Town of Southold. I am pleased, therefore, to submit this professional services agreement for your review and approval. We recommend that the planning work required be funded jointly by the Baxter Family and the Town of Southold. The Peconic Land Trust will prepare a set of maps of the property, including the following: 1) abase map showing boundaries, buildings and vegetation, 2) an environmental conditions map showing soils based on US Soil Conservation Service data and slopes based on Suffolk County topographical information, and 3) at least two limited development concept plans which show a number of building lots within a larger preserve area. . ~ ~ In addition, the Trust will prepare a draft Pro-forma analysis which compares the maximum development plan with the final limited development concept plan. While the Trust is not in the appraisal business, we will provide some "un-official" estimates and comparisons. We would encourage you to obtain outside opinions from realtors or appraisers to verify our estimates. We would be pleased to furnish names of such individuals and to assist them during their effort. The overall goal will be to prepare a design with unique building sites that should be approved quickly by the Southold Town Planning Board with a minimum of improvement costs. Additionally, the plan will provide for the appropriate protection and management of the Fort Corchaug site. It is anticipated that the Town of Southold will play a key role in defining the ultimate management plan for this important site. The Peconic Land Trust would be pleased the provide assistance in this regazd as well. After discussions with Mr. Baxter and Southold Town officials, we will prepare a final version of the concept plan and outline the steps necessary to implement the plan. We would expect to be able to complete this work for $6,000. If additional work is regllli Gu, "wv ~"viii rCquCSt furiliCa` uuthv :<',at+vai bef vre pr., °'1'.^. ^b. *':y l:Q;lrl~ ".7t° I$ $65 per hour. Timothy Caufield's rate is $35 per hour. In addition, Conservation Advisors (Andrew L. Johnson) and Inter-Science Reseazch Associates (Richard E. Wazren) will be assisting the Trust with the preparation of maps and site analysis at their normal hourly rates. We would expect to be reimbursed for out-of-pocket expenses such as print copies, duplication costs, etc. If travel beyond the local area is necessary, such expenses will be chazged at $.28/mile. We will bill you monthly based on actual time and expenses incurred. I look forwazd to working with you on this worthwhile effort and am confident that we can identify an option that will meet your needs. At this time, I would request a retainer in the amount of $600 to begin the work; $300 from the Baxter Family and $300 from the Town of Southold. The retainer will be credited against the final invoice. I expect that we will be able to complete the work outlined above within two months. If this letter is acceptable to you as a contractual agreement, I would appreciate your acknowledgment by signing in the space provided below. Please return one signed copy to me and retain one for your records. Very truly yours, ~.u• o n v.H. Hal resident I am in agreement with the understanding set forth above. William Baxter Date Scott L. Harris Date a~5~1FfOlK~~G< JUDITH T. TERRY ~ Town Hall, 53095 Main Road TOWN CLERK p rzj. P.O. Box 1179 cl+ ~ Southold, New York I I97I REGISTRAR OF VITAL 5TATISTICS Jv ~ ~ Fax (516) 765-1823 MARRIAGE OFFICER ~ Telephone (516) 765-1801 RECORDS MANAGEMENT OFFICER FREEDOM OF INFORMATION OFFICER OFFICE OF THE TOWN CLERK TOWN OF SOUTHOLD THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE FOLLOWING RESOLUTION WAS ADOPTED BY THE SOUTHOLD TOWN BOARD AT A REGULAR MEETING HELD ON MARCH 22, 1994: RESOLVED that the Town Board of the Town of Southold hereby retains the services of Patrick A. Given, SRPA, of Given Associates, Hauppauge, New York, Real Estate Appraisers and Consultants, to conduct an appraisal an the Baxter Farm/Fort Corchaug, Tax Map #1000-116-01-003, at a feet not to exceed $3,300.00. Judith T. Terry Southold Town Clerk March 23, 1994 ~ V sua~~~ ~S~ ~ ~5 g 1 ~~r ~ [516] 360-3474 • FAX 360- 63 22~ ASSOCIATES BOX 305 • 550 ROUTE 111 • HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788 February 17, 1994 Melissa Spiro, Planner Town of Southold P.O. Box 1179 ? ~'~i Southold, N. Y. 11971 ~ iI Re: Baxter Farm/Fort Corchaug '~`b j ~ iu Tax Map #1000-116-01-003 SOUTNDLD TGW;V PL NtI IT:G RDNRD Dear Ms. Spiro: As per the request of Supervisor Wickham, I have conducted a preliminary investigation of the above property, for the purpose of submitting a proposal to appraise same. Based upon my investigation to date, the subject is a 104.5 t acre parcel of land, approximately 40± acres of which is farmed, 57.3 t acres are wooded and 7.2 t acres contain wetlands. The property is all zoned Agricultural Conservation. The subject is well known as the site of an Indian settlement known as Fort Corchaug, a factor which would indicate the need for a full archeological review before the property could be developed. The appraisal problem will be to estimate the highest and best use of the subject and to then estimate its fair market value, in accordance with its highest and best use. In addition, we will also estimate the subject's value as farm land (with full consideration to its wooded land, its topography, its wetlands, etc.) with the difference between the appraised values being the value of the subject's development rights. It is my understanding that the owner has submitted a preliminary subdivision map and part of the appraisal assignment would be an analysis of this subdivision map. The subject, by virtue of its waterfrontage, its tidal wetlands, its mix of farm and wooded land and its importance as a significant and substantial archeological site is quite unique and in estimating its highest and best use, it will be necessary to contact and discuss the subject with a number of government agencies, including the Town of Southold (various departments), the County of Suffolk Planning Department and Health Department, and the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. REAL ESTATE APPRAISERS AND CONSULTANTS ~ ~ ~ Melissa Spiro, Planner February 17, 1994 This research will be necessary for both the estimate of the subject's fee value and also in estimating its agricultural value. It should be noted that I have previously appraised this property (January, 1991) for the County of Suffolk, however, the passage of time will necessitate the preparation of a complete new appraisal and updated market study. After considering all of the above, the subject's size, the dual valuation and the amount of time and work necessary to complete the research, I propose to prepare a fully detailed and supported appraisal on this parcel and deliver 3 copies of said appraisal, for a fee of $3,300.00. Should you have any questions or would like to discuss this matter, please call me. Thank you for this opportunity to serve you. Sincerely, PATRICK A. GIVEN, SRPA PAG:Ia Encl. CC: Supervisor Thomas H. Wickham, 53095 Main Road, Southold, N. Y. 11971 given associates APPRAISER'S QUALIFICATIONS (CONTINUED) PATRICK A. GIVEN SRPA STATE CERTIFICATION: Patrick A. Given has been certified as a General Real Estate Appraiser by the State of New York, Certificate #46-000000704 EXPERIENCE: Patrick A. Given is a real estate appraiser and consultant and is the owner of Given Associates, 550 Route 111, Hauppauge, New York 11788. He has been active in the real estate and appraisal field for more than twenty years. Licensed real estate broker. Past Chairman of Town of Smithtown's Board of Assessment Review. Has lectured on real estate appraising at Stony Brook University and Hofstra University. Has prepared appraisals for the Federal Government, State of New York (various agencies), County of Suffolk, Town of Smithtown, Town of Islip, Town of Babylon, Town of Southampton, Town of Southold, Town of East Hampton, Suffolk County Water Authority, incorporated villages, banks, corporations, attorneys, estates, school districts and individuals. These appraisals have included all forms of real estate, such as residential, commercial, industrial and leaseholds. Has testified as an expert in real estate values in the Federal District Court, Supreme Court of New York (both Nassau and Suffolk Counties) and New York State Court of Claims. Has been tested and qualified as a fee appraiser by the State of New York. given associates ~ • ~ APPRAISER'S QUALIFICATIONS PATRICK A. GIVEN SRPA DESIGNATIONS: SRPA/Ap praisal Institute CSA-G/Columbia Society of Real Estate Appraisers MEMBER: Senior member of the Long Island Chapter of the Appraisal Institute; Senior member and Governor of Columbia Society of Real Estate Appraisers; New York State Society of Real Estate Appraisers; National Association of Real Estate Boards; New York State Association of Real Estate Boards; Long Island Board of Realtors EDUCATION: A.A.S. -Suffolk County Community College; B.B.A. - Hofstra University; Society of Real Estate Appraisers: Course 101, Introduction of Real Estate Appraising Course 201, Income Property Valuation Course 202, Applied Income Property Appraising Standards of Professional Practice Columbia Society of Real Estate Appraisers: Course I and II Attended various seminars and lectures on real estate appraising given associates c REPRESENTATIVE LIST OF CLIENTS (PARTIAL LIST) Appraisal Management Company Episcopal Health Services Associates & Ferren Express Financial Services Associates Relocation Company Extebank Bank of New England Farber Estates Bank of Smithtown Farmingville Fire District Bankers Trust Company Figgie International Boatmen's Relocation Management First National Bank of Maryland Bausch & Lomb FitzMorris, Paul, Esq. Better Homes & Gardens Relocation Forte, Anthony, Esq. eivona, John, Esq. Gateway Bank Bowery Savings Bank Geico Insurance Bracken and Margolin General Foods Brown-Forman Corporation Genesis Relocation Busch Properties Glynn & Mercep Byron Reed Transequity Grumman Corporation Cahill, Gordon & Reindel Hauppauge Fire District Cahn Wishod Wishod & Lamb Hirsch Fuels, Inc. Campbell & Miller Home Insurance Charwat, Mark S., Esq. Homequity Chase Lincoln First Bank Huntington Community First Aid Chemical Bank Kings Park School District Cohen & Warren Klein, John, V.N., Esq. Coldwell Banker Relocation Kodak Commonwealth Relocation Kraft Foods Corporate Relocation Lawrence Aviation County of Suffolk Department of Long Island Lighting Company Public Works Long Island Park Commission County of Suffolk Department of Loral Information Display Systems Real Estate McCarville Ford Department of Social Services McDonald's Corporation Cruser, Hills, Hills and Besunder Michigan National Bank Dawn Estates Miller Place School District Deer Park Fire Department Miteq Inc. DiCanio Organization Morris & McVeigh Dime Savings Bank Nature Conservancy Dowling College New York State Attorney General's East Hampton Housing Authority Office Eghrari, Mark, Esq. New York State Department of Eichinger, Charles, Esq. Environmental Conservation Empire of America Relocation given associates / REPRESENTATIVE LIST OF CLIENTS (CONTINUED) (PARTIAL LIST) New York State Facilities Town of Southampton Development Corporation Town of Southold New York State Office of Mental Travelers Relocation Retardation and Development TRFCA Relocation Disabilities Trimarco, Vincent, Esq. New York State Parks, Recreation Trust for Public Land and Historic Preservation Twomey Latham Shea & Kelley New York State Department of United Guardian Inc. Transportation U.S. Attorney's Office Norstar Bank U.S. Department of the Interior North Country Realty National Park Service North Suffolk Medical Association U.S. Postal Service Northville Industries Corp. Union Chelsea Bank Pacific Ventures Village of the Branch Pall Corporation Village of Head of the Harbor Peconic Bank Village of Lake Grove Peconic Land Trust Inc. Village of Saltaire Petersen, Charles, Esq. Weichert Relocation Company Racanelli Associates Western Relocation Ralph Oldsmobile White, Eugene, Esq. Resolution Trust Corporation Rosenberg, Jules H., Esq. Sabatino, Paul, II, Esq. Salvation Army Sause, Richard, Esq. Schaefer Agency Inc. Schechter, Schechter, Kenney & Rock Scheyer, Jellenik & Attonito Seaman Fuels Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom Smithtown School District Society of St. Johnland Stamen Building Materials State University of New York Suffolk Marketing Symbol Technologies Inc. Texaco Town of Babylon Town of East Hampton Town of Smithtown given associates FILE: Fort Corchaug? "G' General _ _ _ _ t~.pW ARRIS r,BS 3 T~XAS A&M UNIVERS~T D To° ~,B ` DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY I COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGE STATION, TEXAS 77843-4352 m~~~~/ 14051 845-5242/5260 su "FOR YOUR /NFORMAT/ON' June 1L~-, 1991 RE: Fort Corchaug I~?r'. Scott Harris, `PowLi supervisor purchase Southold, i~rew York 11971 Dear ir. I?arris, I just learned yesterday the di sq'~~.ieting news from Air. ~dilliam -'~axter that Southold Towhship and S~:ffolk County wish to re-negotiate the purchase of his property in Cr.~tchoccue at a much lower `figure than the one apparently ~ree3 upon last September. The new offer put for- ward by the county and Sout_old town world represent a severe loss to r. "garter, especiall;,* since he had originally considered`selling to private developers at a better .rice. t~.e has told me that the new figure offered to hiri is~unaccertuble to him and his family. I L:~•c e t?:e town of Sout'~old. to reconsider and to take steps toward t__e acquisition of the Ba<,'cer property according; to t`'~e original agree- ment. It is a wonderful ol?~~ort.~nit;; to preserve a culturzl heritage t-ae lip:ES of wh.ch are unique on the whole of the alantic seaboard. I am enclosing a draft copy of an article I 1-ave written on the Indian forts of coastal 1`zew ?'ork and southern ;7ew Lh~aand. Of the nine forts discussed, only z'ort Corchaug is tl-_e best preserved. is you know, Fort Corchaug has been placed on the I?ational ;er.ist2r of Y.isto^ic Places in 1971+. TY:e National Park Service wishes to nominate Fort Corchauc as a National i?istoric Landriar'.. I an?. iri touch. w:th ?r_y colleague, Dr. Robert l=rumet of the 1~.FS. in Fhiladelphia on this su'oject. Fort Corchaug al- ready is well known i:i the archaeological literztare. ,'e have by no means e:cb.austed the archaeological and historical potential of this site. i do not '..now if you. are aware that there is a precedent in the preservation of Indian fort sites in the ;?ew Mork-~,ew '=~z._land area. On western Long Island, t'sie town oi' Oyster Ba; b.•alte.:: the wor'c of develop- ers and have preserved the site of Fort Aiassapeag from total destruc- tion. It is now a mini-p~.rl:. Ty publication on this site is in press. Sir^.ilarly, in Connecticut, the Indian fort of 3hantok has been preser- ved as a state park. In Rhode Island, t~~"e site of Fort "iizigret '_ias oeen salvaged and is also vritl-~in the bounds of a state parr. LTnfortune- ately, other wort sites have not fared so well: They Y_ave been built over or aerni-destroyed due either to lack of interest for cult-~sal heri- tages, or the encroachment of building interests under the aegis of the word tLdevelopment.'L I try:!st that Southold town will not reneF;e on its coinmitinent to accuire the tort Corc~izug pro~~auty. To let tA~a_s opportun:.ty slip from its grasp will certainly draw adverse comment fro;°, the concerned citi- zens of Southold and from people genuinely appreciative of local his- tor,;. TY.i.s, especially w:yen the site is on tt:e eve of ass:nnir.,; nation- s.l importance as a landmark and ai ir~iportant cuitur_.1 jewel in tY_e cistor;y of Southold town. Archaeology Conservation Ethnology Folklore Geoarchaeology Nau[ical Archaeology ,,\ubi(iunal Anthropology Paleoethnobotam Palynology Physical Anthropology Zooarchaeology _.I T~~~e Dee~in touch with ?~lr. James Gm~hwohl, wh.o has been the spearhead of` th.e Car~~ittee to Save Fort Carcaaug, re~ardi i1`; the con- servation of sort Corcra-.;~.g and -possible public display of c~.~lt~~.r 1 ?nsterijafroin the fort s.'.te (diorama, e~.'.i_`tion of a:r•tifacts, etc.). t I sincerel3Y 1'i07E 'tC1at a resolution can ~e reached regarding the purchase of the Baxter site. ` Very since^ ly ours r ~f',a h',>. So ecl:iCr~dJ. Prof. (Prof. =meritus, Columbia L~ni~ , COp3' r;r. James Grathwohl of P;r. 6Jilliam Baxter _ Miss Ronnie ;7acker -n fir. Gaynell Stone m Dr. Robert arumet _ P?r . Thomas ldi ct~ham z T Yew York State P.rbhaeoldR3.ca1 E~ssoc, c{n nn ~ o ~ ~ S n m m 1. ~ tQ o C n \ o~ 1 • ~ N N O _ ~ n of o ~t r ELPE PTION.N~ ~V ye ~9F ~ • J rn `illAya,v r Q 9 i w n New York State Office oT Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation u The Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller Empire Slate Plaza O NEW YORN6TATE i Agency Building 1, Albany, New York 12238 518-474-0456 Orin Lehman Commissioner 1 ry i7 g~p May 21, 1991 Scott L. Harris ~~-":=-=~>FS~~',i7~x~: Supervisor Southold 53095 Main Road Southold, New York 11971 RE: EQ-90-MP-4051R Dear Supervisor Harris: This is to advise you that the application submitted for funding under the Environmental Quality Bond Act (EQBA) of 1986 for Fort Corchaug Park unfortunately has not been selected for funding. For this fourth year of Municipal Park Grants, we received 167 applications requesting in excess of $58.4 million for the $6.5 million available. As a result, not all eligible projects could be funded. Since this was the last year of available funding for Municipal Park projects under the 1986 EQBA, all unfunded applications are being returned to their respective regional offices should you desire to retrieve your application. Sincerely, ~ ..._n~_, Uluss (Gus) Thompson Deputy Commissioner for Programs and Services UT/CW/kls cc: Long Island ~Z YE T~:~ 1965 1990 An Equal OpporluniryrAtfirmative Action Agency File: NYS Parks E Recreation " EQBA Fort Corchaug ? ~Q ~~G SCOTT L. IIARRIS ti ! ' Town Hall, 53095 Main Road SUPERVISOR ~ ~ ~ J ~ P.O. Box 1179 nom, Southold, New York ] 1971 FAX (516) 765 - 1823 ~O, F '~',q TELEPHONE (516) 765 - 1800 ~~fj~`.~ t ~Or f ~ _ . OFFICE OF THE SUPERVISOR TOWN OF SOUTHOLD March 13, 1991 MAR 151991 Mr. Kevin Law, Director X1..4 Suffolk County Department of Real Estate North Complex Hauppauge, NY 11788 Dear Kevin: I am deeply concerned about the articles I have read in the newspapers that our efforts to preserve the Fort Corchaug/Baxter Property may be slipping away due to a temporary downturn in our economy. An appraisal of this property based upon a reduction in real estate prices does not accurately reflect or place any value on the historic significance of this property to the people of Southold, Suffolk County and the State of New York. The Town of Southold remains committed, as was the Suffolk County Legislature and the County Executive when they approved the funds necessary to preserve this environmentally sensitive and historic treasure. Again, I hope that this downturn in real estate prices would not deprive us of the ability to preserve this significant part of our heritage. Please contact me if you anticipate any problems with acquiring this property. Sincerely, 1 Scott L. ris Supervisor Town of Southold cc: Michael Caracciolo Southold Town Board File: Fort Corchaug/Baxter Supervisor - Town Dept. Suffolk County Dept. of Real Estate • c - y 1 L . • i 765-1801 A. S~FFackc 0~4~..; OG TOWN OF SOUTHOLD OPEN SPACE COMMITTEE fi`r' ~ ; ~ Town Hall ~%y~jol ~ Southold, NY 11971 L,. A~'PR ;2, ~~~1 TO: Councilman Thomas Wickham tr,,,,,, C1.rk Swrtho~c r~...k FROM: Art Ross DATE: March 8, 1991 RE: Management of Open Space Purchases The "Fort Corchaug" Property At the February 27th meeting of the Planning and Zoning Committee I told you I would discuss this topic with the Open Space Committee with particular emphasis on the concerns expressed by William Baxter, James Grathwohl and others about the management of the Fort Corchaug property. Our committee met on the next evening and I distributed copies of the Baxter letter dated February 26th, the Grathwohl memorandum of February 20th, the letter of January 29th to Dr. Solecki from Lloyd Chapman of the U. S. Department of the Interior (National Park Service) and Dr. Solecki's letter of February 20th to you. As was the case at your meeting, a lengthy discussion followed. Since Bette and I will be in Portugal for the coming two weeks, I thought it best that I report, in this fashion, the response of the Open Space Committee, together with some personal suggestions. Our committee regards the management of Fort Corchaug as a very tall order. As Ruth Oliva, who attends our meetings, will tell you the committee does not see itself as the appropriate vehicle for this task for two reasons. The first is statutory. Local Law 2 of 1988 gives the committee no authority to manage purchased land or promulgate rules for its management before or after acquisition. Section 59-50 provides that the grantor may reserve to himself limitations on the use and enjoy- ment of the estate or interest..." in the parcel conveyed. It was contemplated that the grantor and the Town would work out such conditions before final approval and closing. This was what trans- pired in the Norris acqusition, after negotiations between counsel for -z- Ms. Norris and the Town Attorney. As you may recall at your meeting, Bob Villa said that the Open Space Resolution was passed to fill a gap made evident when farmland was being offered which did not qualify under the restrictions of the farmland program. The statute was therefore limited in scope. The second reason for our committee's reaction is the sheer magnitude of the task. I think it was Bud Cybulski who spoke about the number of people and the expertise needed to formulate a management plan. There are nine proposals in the Baxter letter, eight in the Grathwohl memo and at least four in Solecki's outline. Indeed, Grathwohl suggests fourteen names for a Management and Interpretation Committee, which presumably, would oversee an established management plan. We do not believe that the Open Space Committee, even if expanded or augmented with the Farmland Preservation Committee, can formulate a management plan, especially in light of the conflicts evident in proposals we have already heard. What to do? It seems to me that the Fort Corchaug parcel, unique as it is, requires unique treatment directed to the special needs of this case and which might serve as a model for future acquisitions. Certain assumptions are necessary to make my suggestions feasible: 1. The current negotiations over price reach a satisfactory conclusion. 2. The Town Board adopts a resolution to purchase the parcel within 60 days after a public hearing. 3. Southold Town becomes owner of the fee or is designated by the County and State as the entity solely responsible for the property. 4. The Town Attorney and counsel for Mr. Baxter are able to work out an arrangement which will allow him to stipulate whatever conditions he wishes to impose on the property. This might be an escrow device or some similar vehicle so that negotiating conditions will not postpone acquisition beyond the statutory time limitations. The present law contemplates that all reserved rights be set forth in the contract of sale. That is not adequate here. If this sequence can be worked out, I would suggest that the Town Board enact legislation establishing a committee of citizens to recommend to the Board a general management plan for the entire site to be put in place by the Board within one year of the appointment of the committee. I would expect the Town Attorney to give you an opinion on whether or not the Board is empowered to use this device to avoid the restrictions of Local Law 2, . -3- which speaks only in terms of limits or conditions imposed by the grantor at closing. The management plan would address itself to the serious questions of preservation, maintenance, usages and perhaps most important of all, funding for the purposes to which the Board commits the Town. The management plan would need to incorporate provisions for on site day to day supervision, if a "park facility" is contemplated or provisions for more casual inspection if the site is to be "forever wild" or becomes a limited access nature study preserve. Within a year, a disciplined committee should be able to hold hearings, seek expert advice and call for comment by the Peconic Land Trust, Nature Conservancy and similar institutions. Unlike other committees it would cease to exist when the Board no longer needs it and be replaced by whatever sort of manager or board of overseers is put in place by the plan adopted by the Board. Thank you for inviting me to your meeting. I regret not being able to offer a "drive thru purchase window" to solve this problem. Then again, if you walk through the woods, meadows and wetlands of these 104 acres, as I have, you will appreciate the need for special stewardship. cc -Ruth Oliva Bud Cybulski Bob Villa Dick Ryan File: Fort Corchaug ? "B" -Misc. Open Space Committee Town Committees • • 13005936383 MC~~N 1STALBANY 02i26i51 1~ PU1 ~J tU30E PU'NAM AVENUE_~REENWICN_CONN 06810 • (201~637~4559 A WONID ECONOMIC S£RV,CE SERVING ,NVESTORS SINCE 1924 February 26, 1991 Councilmen Town of Southold Southold, NY 11971 Preserving Fort Corchaug Gentlemen: Thank you for inviting me to yoirtTUStithatothe discuss preservatio.^. of Fort Corchaug. county will not disappoint us in our attempt to bring this worthwhile endeavor about. If I were tc offer ary one recommendation at this point, it would be to proceed slowly. It is far better that nothing is done, thereby preserving this precious resource, than rushing into a project that could be harmful. It has been maintained in its natural state by our family and those before us fer decades. A continuatior. of this form of stewardship is not all that bad. Since it is a public facility, however, some consideration must be given to the likely broader use of it by the public. Tf the public is to have access, then some provision should be made for parking. Smoking should be prohibited to preserve the - woodlands. Approprlate types of signs will have to be designed. Trash cans will have to be placed on the premises to reduce littering. One of the first projects should be the removal of existing debris on the property. $ 18UU5436383 ~C,U~9N 15TALBANY U2%26i91~:19 PU1 Fage two T c~ T O I've long felt that aside from the desire for ~ historic preservation, one of the main attribute9 of the n o property is the beautiful woodland. Walking paths naturally ~ ~ occur, it seems, and little need be done in this regard ~ except perhaps some minor trimming. It may be advisable to m ~ include someone familiar with forestry management on the -io steering committee or ask for their advice as a consultant. ~ With the national and local increase in bicycle riding, some provision should be made for the use of bikes on trie property. Bikes can use the same trails as pedestrians. If they are to be prohibited, bike racks adjacent to parking facilities should be provided. X know there has been some expression of interest in attempting to duplicate an Indian settlement or erect a museum. These types of projects will be costly to build, maintain and supervise properly. It might be better to incorporate an appropriate displa}° of any artifacts or models of the Fort in our existing museums or historic houses. This wculd minimize man's intrusion on one of nature's most beautiful settings on the North Fork. Sincerely, William J.`~Haxterj Jr. WJBjr:rs ~ • . • E a'~~~==-~---~T United States Department of the Interior - ....:..1 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE ~ , MID-ATLANTIC REGION n+nEn.rnEeearo: U.S. CUSTOM HOUSE, ROOM 251 2nd & CHESTNUT STREET PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 H30 (MAR-CRP) ~ ~ 5 Mr. James McMahon Town Hall Main Road Southold, NY 11971 Dear Mr. McMahon: We appreciate your interest in National Historic Landmark recognition of the Fort Corchaug site located on property under the jurisdiction of Southold Township. Archeological research has identified deposits indicating that the Fort Corchaug site is one of the most significant of its type in the nation. National Park Service regulations require that property owners approve of all nominations prior to study and designation. We accordingly request that the township consider approval of nomination of the Fort Corchaug site as a National Historic Landmark. Enclosed please find several documents providing information on the National Historic Landmark program. Please contact Dr. Robert S. Grumet of my staff at (215) 597-6484 for further clarification or information. We look forward to receiving notification of the township decision regarding this matter. Sincerely, fi'w~ C 1,,,,Lloyd N. Chapman ~I Chief, Cultural Resource Planning Branch enclosure 1/, ~ i 4 ARCHEOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM ~ Technical Brief No. 10, November 1990 The NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARKS PROGRAM I THEME STUDY and PRESERVATION PLANNING By Robert S. Grumet Mid-Attarvic Regional Office, National Park Service U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ® NA"PIONAL PARK SERVICE i this technical brief describes how National /Iistnric Inlreductlnn Landmarks (NHLJ Survey theme studies tan be combined with basis. elements of historic preservation planning to The upcoming Columbian Qui nccntcn my reminds us that few crease a comprehensive framework for idemi~c anon, events have in[lucnccd the course oC lunnan history more Ih;m evaluation, designation, and treatment of nationally the encounter between the peoples oC die Old World and the significam archeological properties. An esarnple. the New. Contact between Indians', Eumpeaac, and Africans "I/ismric Contact Period in the Northeast United .States""' released a stream oC ideas, products, and people dial continues NHL theme study, cunendy being prepared by National Park to (low undiminished across the Atlantic Ocean. This Service (NP.S) Mid-Atlantic Region staff; will be used m "Columbian Exchange" brought people living on txrih sides of demonstrate this process. /n the short-term, this NHL theme the Atlantic in«t a wider world clam any known by their study serves as a historic context document to nominate and .mecsturs (Crosby 1972 and 1986). Scholars comnumly refer designate as National //istoric Landmarks 26 properfies to these first centuries as the "His«tric Contact Period" associated with the l/istaric Concoct Period between Id97 (Fitzhugh 1985; Trigger 1978; Washburn 1988). Beginning and [789. /ts long-term benefit, lwwever, is that it can be during the curly decades of the 16th century, the Historic used ¢s a model for preservation planning and ar a reference Contact Period continued throughout the colonial era. It was by Federal agencies, .Slate and local historic preservation a time of unprecedented culLUre change Cur hodt Indians ants offices, Indian communities, and others. the Europeans mid Afric;ms who moved u, tltcir Ierti«tties. Historic r_ontact between Indians, Europeans, and Africans Ttte eflects of this encounter forever ch:utged the course of has played a major role in shaping the national experience of world history. Demographic chi Cts of unprecedented size and the American people. the circumstances and consequences scope trnnsCormed the Atlantic community. Epidemic of historic contact, moreover, differ in various parts of the diseases :cod ware killed tens of thousands oC Indian people ~~i country. While this theme study examines historic contact in (Dobyns 1983: Rumenofsky 1987; Snuw and Lanphear 1988; a specific region, its unique value lies in its potential to be Spiess and Spiess 1987). Far from being a "Virgin Land," used nationwide as a preservafion plorming model. Agendes historian Francis Jennings hoc sho}vn that these demographic and indi vidua[s nationwide who are interested in the //istoric cabtstrophes depopulated entire regions, trxnsktmting m:my Contact Period can then arse this theme study as a model, with heavily populated areas of the Northeast into a desolated rnodificationr, to prepare appropriate historic contest "Widowed Land" (Jennings 1975). dnewnenLS that will help increase puhlic awareness of this critical period is our country's history- Speci)lca//y, Migrants Cmm the Old World rushed lu repopulate this frameworks and information presented in the fallowing pages widowed Imrz1. European populnlion throughout the region can be ernplayed in the fu(ure to nominate nd;cr properfies of rose from nearly nothing m nacre Omn 1,8UU,111111 between transcendent national sigmfic'onre n.c N/1Ls and pmpnre 16111 and 17811. Nearly SOU,UIIII Alriem people also were other properties on dlf(erent levels of signi~rance for listing living in the region by 178U (McCuskcr and Men:nd in (he National Regi.ctcr of //istoric Places and other 19851 8-22 1). registers. Ttte newcomers struggled with Indi:ms and each other for 'Phis is the second technical hrief prepared as part of the control of the land. Some territurv, such as the Pequot euuntn' Federal Arrhenlogical Asdstance Pragrarn NNL initiative. in Conna'ticut. the Esopus lands in snulhcastem New Ynrk, 1'crhnicol Ltrief No. 3, '71 n:heology in the .V/IL Program," rind the Powhatan hinds in Virginia, were seized in wars. eaplam,c (he program oral rtesrrihes hmv archeological M;uty ailoni:d govemmenls, however, used deeds dt properties are nominated and designated. Icgilimatu acquisiliort uf, mid extend sovereignty over, Indi;m lands (lennin gs 1975.1}5.138; Springer 198fi). Insli:ms did their best «t slow the rate of Inns and strike the best possible z • p ® .i =i .i . < T . y~. 'y. a ~ to !'""mss .ft..x i !'"ems ` ~ _ l v ~ e ;r x< xyq ' k l r a ' 1 a ~ it. Q ' J ~eC' is • t " atr..r ~e~ i, c Y yu.A •S .~}.YF/a " t fir. Figurr 1. ,Sunwa(ch Sire, Ohin. Aerial view of (he sire and museum. ,Sanwarch is one n([he newly designated NHLs from the nn(inna( ini(iaNre m imprn ve represenraHnn of archealogira[ proper(ies in (he NNI .Survey. (A(1 pha(ngraphs from the NHL Sun~e t~, NPS Hisroq~ Division.) bargains. In Ute end, however, they lust nearly everything. apprenticed themselves to colonial masters. Indian waz BY 178T, virtually all land within what became the first 13 prisoners or convicts also often were enslaved (Kawashima States had passed from Indian hands. The original owners 1986 and 1988; Lauber 1913). were Corccd to adapt or leave. Comparatively little is known about relations between Indians Once the land was obtained, spwulaturs, powerful proprietary and African Americans in the Northeast. Cary B. Nash's lords, ;md government adntinistrahtrs competed for settlers, Red, Nhi(e, anA Black (1974) continues nt be one of the best servams, and slaves to make it productive. Black slaves, general surveys of the subject. Several sudies have examined H'him indenwred servants, and free Carmers of buds groups relations between bodt peoples in colonial Virginia and the cleared Indian (fields and forests from Maine to Virginia. Chesapeake region (Craven 1971). Aspects oC interm;vriage, legal status, and labor in New Englund have been addressed ht°nY aspects of these relations have been extensively (Kawashima 19A6; Woodson 1920). examined (c.g., Land, Carr, :md Papcnfusc 1977; McCuskcr and hlcnard 1985; Smith 1959). Nol suRaisingly, much oC this nuenilu? has focused upon colonists (cf. Crzmon 19R7:22R-2?~5 fur a particularly useful bibliographic survey of The Project ~mlxmam North and Middle Atlantic sources). More studies, Historic contact is a diverse and complcs era oC Amerium however. arc tracing Indian participation in the colonial history. Much more remains to he done to fully documem eeon°n0'. They show that many Northeastern Indians worked and interpre[ this crucial time n( interculnnal relations. The as Gn Traders, guides, herbal fists, ur food providers Others nned "Hishme Convect Period of the Northeast" NHL theme study P dtc cash economy :+s laborers, millworkers, whalers, or synthesizes documentary, archculugiwl, ethnographic, oral, vticans pn"Iuc mg w:unpum shell beads, splint baskets, ur environmental, architectural, and other evidence of historic straw' hnwms. Nut all Indian labor was free. Indians (ailing contact between natives and newcomers in the colonial mht Jeht often were (arced into indentured servitude. Others Northeast from the Atlantic coast to the Ohio Valley between _3_ Ryrd-Lcibhar[ Site, Pennsylvania; L'ag~~~ ~ tw Camden NHL. Virginia; _ _ The Chicone Sitn, Maryland; - ~ The Clover Site, West Virginia: - Colonial Pemaquid Archaeological Site, Maine; _ ~ _ - _ Port Ninigre[, Rhode Island; ~ ~ _ _ Eort OrangelBeverwyck Archaeological District, New ~ ~ York; ~ i Port Ouiatenon Archeological District, Indiana; '•,r'~ Fort Shan[ok, Connecticut; Jireh Bull Blockhouse, Rhode Island; - _ Lower Shawneetown Archeological District, Kentucky; ~ ~ _ Mashantucket Pequot Reservation Archaeological Figure 2. Sunwatch Site, Ohio. View of excavations of ffie District, Connecticut; stockade and solstice features. An objective o/ the NHL The Minisitdc Site, New Jersey; archeological initiative is to recognize properties that The Mohawk Upper Castle Site, New Yark; represent important developments in anders[anding the Nauset Archeological District, Massachusetts; nations' cultural part. The Neale's Landing Site, West Virginia; Norridgewock, Maine; 1497 and 1783. Its objective is to establish anational-scale Old Port Niagara NHL, New York; historic context Cor resources associated with NHL Subtheme Pamunkey Indian Reservation Archaeological D, "Ethnohistory of Indigenous American Populations" within District, Virginia; Theme 1. "Cultural Developments--Indigenous American Pentagoet, Maine; Populations." The Posey Site, Maryland; Saint Castin's Habitation, Maine; The study region comprises what is today the northeastern SL Mary's City Historical District NHL, Maryland; quarter of the United States. 1[ stretches in an east-west The Schuyler Elatts Site, New York; direction Crom the Atlantic seaboard to the State oC Indiana. The Snidow Site, West Virginia; and The northernmost reaches of the region extend from Maine to The Ward's Point Site, New York. Michigan. Kenmcky and Virginia constitute the southernmost Slates considered in This theme study. 13ullding a Hlstnrlc Context and The study focuses upon the first three centuries of historic Protect Development contact in the Northeast. It is recognized that contact has never ended between Indians and other Americans of Historic preservation planning consists of many components. European ur African descent Intercultural contacts postdat- Its centerpiece, however, is the historic context. Historic ing the American Revolution, however, differ substantially contexts provide a framework for the identification, evalua- Crom those of dte colonial era. More recent developments tion, designation, and ucatment of cultural resources should be considered within NHL themes associated with associated with pazticulaz themes, areas, and time periods. later periods. The Secretary oC the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Preservation Planning detail procedures for developing This theme study is an interdisciplinary project and requires historic contexts. These include collecting and synthesizing the cooperation o(a wide range of specialists. This includes appropriate inConnation, defining property types, and the assistance oC skilled governmental personnel familiar with identifying areas to be surveyed for cultural resources regulatory and admirus[rative procedures associated with (National Park Service 1983). cultural resources programs. Input Crom the people who are the object of study also is essential. Recognizing the Historic context-based planning permits recognition of complexity oC such an undertaking, NPS Mid-Atlantic mdividual properties as parts oC larger systems. Historic Regional Office (MARO) Preservation Planning Branch staff contexts also help managers and others evaluate properties have worked closely with other Eederal agency and State within proper levels oC significance. As such, they provide Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) personnel, Indian l'O~ a systematized basis (or comparison and n comprehen- cotnmunily represenuuives, and members of the professional sive frame of reference. In so doing, historic contexts provide i and avocational preservation community in the Northeast cultural resource m:magers and those whose activities attest . throughout all ph:acs oC this project. historic properties with a guide fur rational decisionmaking. Evnluatiun criteria developed in this theme study specifically All SHPOs and many Eederal agencies, county governments, have been used to identify, evaluate, and recommend NHL local municipalities, and other organizations are cuvently designation for or thematic listing of the following 26 developing or implementing historic context-based preserve- properties; tion plans. Most focus upon specific regions, resource types, or time periods. At the present time, most preservation plans • -4 • deal with cultural resources located within State boundaries. context for Historic Contact Period resources in the I7-State Few extend their purview beyond Slate lines. Although region served by MARG. Federal agencies such as [he U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the I7.S. Forest Service produce regional plans spanning These developments coincided with discussions formulating State boundaries, the National Historic Landmarks theme the NPS Archeological Assistance Program's Archeological study program presently is the only process for organizing NHL initiative. The primary goal oC this initiative is to in(onn anon wholly devoted to systematic identification, vnprove representation of archeological resources N NHL evaluation, and designation of cultural resources on a national listings. The MARO Preservation Planning ftranch staff scale. linked regional interest in the Historic Contact Period with NPS preservation planning and archeological NHL initiatives The NHL, thematic framework classifies American historic during the Fall of 1988. Preliminary project goals and and azcheological places that meet the NHL criteria for objectives were drafted. Recognizing the need Cor extensive national significance. As such, it "is a comprehensive outline cooperation between agencies and the preservation public for of United States prehistory, history, and cultural endeavors" implementation of these goals and objectives, MARO staff (National Park Service 1987:1). The NHL thematic frame- quickly established two advisory groups [o guide project work "is used to show the extent to which units and cuhtuat development and provide technical assistance. resources of the National Park System, a(filia[ed azeas, and National Historic Landmarks reflect the nation's past." Thus, The firs[ of these consisted of NPS personnel representing the it may be used to capably and efficiently guide analysis, NPS Archeological Assistance, History, Anthropology, and classification, and assessment of historic properties of Interagency Resources Divisions. The second advisory group potential national significance. The NHL thematic frame- comprised designated SHPO coordinators from the 17 states work can be used to identify future directions for planning within MARO and Kentucky. The SHPO coordinators and study though assessments of how representative a fulfilled a vital role as liaison between MARO and preserva- propeny is N relation to the overall framework of Aterican tion publics within individual States. Distributing theme culture history. study announcements and other materials to Indian Tribal groups, specialists, archeological societies, historical The NHL thematic Gamework meets the planning objectives societies, and others, SHPO coordinators collected theme for development oC historic contexts, which are to (1) develop study in(ormmion, assessed data quality, and provided review thematic study units delineating appropriate contextual comments on project scope, content, and direction. relationships, (2) establish operating plans managing resources identified and evaluated in study units, and (3) link The MARO staff developed initial project goals, methods, historic preservation with broad agency missions and goals. scope, and schedule requvemenLS during the last months uC Fully developed historic contexts include: ]988. Two years were allotted For project completion. An announcement describing dte project was mailed to program advisors. The SHPO coordinators distributed this announce- 1) Determination oC theme, time period, and geographic ment to their States' preservation publics for comment. area; Special emphasis was placed upon distributing project 2) Identification oC known and expected groups of announcements to all Indian communities within each State. related resource groups known as "property types;" Several States facilitated this process by publishing the 3) Delineation of known and expected distributions of announcement in they SHPO or Stale Archaeological Society these resources; newsletters. 4) Description of criteria used in their evaluation; 5) Specification o(reseazch needs and questions; NPS personnel initially reviewed and revised project goals 6) Development oCa reseazch bibliography; and priorities. lnhtrm al discussions with SHPO coordinators 7) Presentation of goals and priorities; and conducted by telephone and a[ professional meetings further 8) Integration of historic context information in broader defined and relined project goals, form, and, purpose. The management processes. First ]oint Archaeological Congress, held in Baltimore, Maryland, January 5-9, 1989, presented a particularly advantageous oppextunity (or MARO staff to meet with many The MARO Preservation Planning Branch staff identified the SHPO coordinators and other scholars and preservationists. need to develop a planning document for the management o[ Historic Contact Period cultural resources in the Northeast in Discussions held at the Archaeological Congress focused a series oC meetings and discussions with Federal, State, :md upon issues of resource identification and evaluation. How, academic +vcheologists and planners in 1987 and 1988. Many many archeologists asked, would prtential NHLs be oC these discussions were motivated by newly instituted identi Cicd7 Would standing structures be included'? Would programs supporting development and implementation of all properties associated with the Historic Contact Period be statewide historic preservation plans mandated by the surveyed, or would inventory he restricted to nationally National Park Service (NPS) for recipients of Historic significant cultural resources'? Would the project report be an Preservation Fund grants-in-aid. All disatssants recognized exhaustive scholarly treatise or a relatively brief and simply the desirability of systematizing inform anon on a regional worded management documeni? How would evaluation scale. Few SHPOs, however, had developed a historic criteria be determined? Woulcf evaluation guidelines he • 5 • developed only for nationally signi[icant properties, or would reaching significance statements under which large numbers they be defined Cor all associated resources? of properties could be idemificd, evaluated, and designated at all levels oC significance. The main thrust of these and other questions centered around the project's purpose and scope. Strong support was The MARO staff responded to these eommen+LS in a detailed indicated Cor development of a plannurg document chat could project outline distributed one month after the Archaeological easily he adapted to statewide historic preservation planning Congress. The SHPO coordinators distributed copies of this requirements. Members of the preservation community framework to all preservationists and Indian wmmunities in further expressul strong interest in development oC far- (heir Slates. r,. i F C p M l I 5:. ~ s ~ +4 4: s 'L . t k +t r- f -"^v..t ~k Mfg i r~ xs 5 x. ~ ~ ,y r ! ~ ~ y ~ ~ _f,,, t, I ;r ~ ..,~,ars,~ f~~r ~~ti) f r t"?; ems. ]a~ .,{'-f.~r~ r 'i !,7 vfi, t t+, . r 1" V~" ~ ~ ly ~Y~ I .4 ~iA~y~ I~ y ~~r/hrrej _ } i t { ~y~ ~1' t n ~ `.'~#~~..zF54~M{+'`k~4'.~t ~iA~y, it ~.A ' ~~,y/ar't' t+' S/~~.J~ ~~~r~ f S~'`r; ~1~r tj ~ c+' ""`LSD ~S ::1 ^Kl' t rT: t: ~ A'. { t , [ 'k"u~ ~ /r4 ; i t y, t - ~ ~ r ,~~-~~r ~f'!s rd'kx~.~ rR3i"~a^r as,,,,~5.,"e.~a'f°gax-•- y ir~T. ~p r 'y .q~+:. w./M M,f{. +~T~Y~iw~ ~T ~~y[Y • ~r t+ t S ~ 4 ~ ~ 5x k Rws. Y6'~4 + e ~ tiR r. F, F±^ n^ u i Figure 3. M1lenard-)lodges Site, Arkanvas. View of M11nin Mound and one of the adjoining m¢4~unds. Alenard-/fudges it another ref the nr~•7Y designated archon/ogicnl NHIs. The NHL archeological in uinri re also is intended m impro re darumrntanon nn sifes and recognize sign iftenrtt charnrteristirs such as monumental engineering in prehictory. • 6 • - This outline contained the first presentation of anational-level This survey also indicated that less than half of the States had historic context I[ began with a brief discussion of the prepared listings or established computerized access to purpose and scope of the project This was followed by a inform anon bearing upon Historic Contact Period properties. listing (including telephone numbers) of all NPS and SHPO Review of available SHPO survey information, moreover, advisors. Next, project theme, sub-themes, geographic area, indicated that only a limited percentage of the many hundreds sub-areas, and chronological organization were presented. of sites mentioned in historic documents had thus far been Listings and maps correlated late prehistoric and protohistoric inventoried. azcheological complexes with historic Indian and European ethnic groups. A framework for property type delineation Discussions with SHPO coordinators revealed that variations was presented. N survey scope and coverage were largely functions of fttnding limitations, competing program priorities, shortages This information was followed by lists tabulating findings o[ computer equipment, unavailability of automated data from surve~.ys of designated nationally significant Historic management personnel, or differences N State data Contact properties. The first tabulation assessed existing categories, typologies, or research orientations. Despite these NHL theme representation in the project area. A variations, SHPOs provided enough information second listing cTOSS-indexed these data by Stale. to preliminarily delineate known property This was followed by a listing oC Historic- distributions, identify known end expected Aboriginal National Register properties property types, and formulate theme study goals recommended as nationally significant by lhev and priorities. Unsurveyed areas and un- nominating authorities compiled during a analyzed bodies of data were identified Far National Register Information System (KRIS) Curther study. computer search. The outline ended with a preliminary listing of potential NHL designees Among project goals and priorities were identified by SHPO coordinators and individual recommendations that all SHPOs develop preservationists. historic context documents for the Historic Contact Period, inventory presently unsurveyed areas, and study unanalyzed collections. SHPO Identlflcatlon Issues recommendations Curther supported using computerized systems for inventories. Numerous helpful suggestions Cor revisions and refinements were received in responses sent l0 Previous NHL theme studies identified SHPO coordinators throughout 1989 and 1990. undesignated properties, listed related sites Modifications in project categories and bound- classified as having exceptional value in other arees, changes in regional Historic Contact Period themes, and recommended other sites for further context development, and survey of existing study. The Northeast Historic Contact NHL Stale and local inventories were suggested. theme study expanded upon this tradition by Respomdem[s also identified 26 potential NHL listing all pertinent properties thus faz inven- propertieslocated N 12 States. [oried within the project area. Many archeologists provided particularly Review of National Register nomination forms valuable assistance corelating late prehistoric or showed that properties associated with the protohistoric archeological complexes with Historic Contact Period in the Northeast rarely ethnohistorically or ethnographically documented were idenli~ied or evaluated as a group. Instead, Tribal groups. Specialists recommended several virtually all previously listed sites or disuicts crntcally important area studies and brought were individually nominated. Examination of perinent bibliographic citations to the attention property representation within NHL theme of the M11AR0 project staff. categories also revealed that Historic Contact Period cultural resources are not proportionally Matters n( nomenclature and typology presented particularly represented. Research emphases oC earlier NHL theme challenging problems. Differences o[ opinion among studies resulted in few designations oC Historic Contact archeologists, now superseded research priorities, and gaps in Period properties in the Nortteast. Particularly telling was the the archeological record have long affected attempts to discovery that relatively Cew northeastern historic contact reconcile State and regional variatioms or inconsistencies. By properties were identified in theme studies dealing with the in0uencing analyses of terminal Late Woodland period colonial era (Sarles and Shedd 1959u, 19596, and 1960; diagnostic anti facts, these Cacturs often make it difficult to Shedd 1959 and 1961). idenify and understand culntral dynamics in the study area. Properties designated in these studies tended to represent the European side oC the encounter between the ponples of the Survey Review and Prevluus Deslgnatlnns Old World and the New. When considered at all, Indians generally were described as obstacles b Cromier expansion. Infortnndon received front SHPO coordinators revealed that This identification is graphically illustrated in the high fewer than half of the States within MARO had developed percentage of forts designated. hia~nic ammxts covering the period of Historic Contact. , ; t '?n y S 1Z1 -di:r 1 T ';Its{IY{~Ya~f/.~'~,~,~i ~~^'Y'S.. ,^'S y . u+~. ~ ~~~t dr ~?=`ate' -Q~:, ' 5r ~f~ ,i.~ y - v c yyry• N' rt1 1°T bSY~1~pt~2j„Ry WyJ-A,. ~ rxc ~..t t. t ~.i_., . 7 ~ `R*' ' i t 4 ~C aa::~~~ Figure 4. Sunken Village, Oregon. View along the length of the site. Sunken Village is a newly designated archeological NH/, [hat recognizes the importance of we[ she archeology for understanding the full richness of prehistoric material culture. The single theme study devoted to the lndian side of Historic these listings were recommended as nationally significant by Contact, entitled "Contact With The Indians," presented a the nominating authority. Most instead were assigned the large body of information of potential significance to the level o(State significance. study of Indian-colonial relations in the Northeast (Holder 1963). (fitly two of the 30 sites designated by this theme Four properties, Old Fort Niagara and Ward's point (the study (the Accokeek Creek site, N Maryland, and the Billopps or Conference House) in New York, Sl. Mary's Cily, Boughton Hill site, in New York) were located within the Maryland, and Camden, Vvginia, arc located within or region. nearby areas already listed as NHLs. None of these designations currently recognize cultural resources associated Two factors largely determined this particular pxttem oC widt Historic Contact Project participants identifying these representation. First, most o[ the best known Indian historic properties propose to expand their level of documentation to contact sites identified prior to 1963 were located west of the include consideration of this period. Mississippi River. Second, the archeology of Indian historic sites in the Northeast was not yc[ extensively developed a[ the Several potential NHLs no[ associated with the theme study time this theme study was published. also have been identified during the project. Al least two of these, Flint Ridge in Ohio and the Coxsackie Flint Quarry in New York, may be individually nominated as NHLs Potentlxl \II1. Identiflcatlun sometime in the future. The scant explosion of scholarly activity associated with Individual archeologists presently arc suplxming the initiative Historic Contact Peri<xl studies in the Nordsan contributed to by voluntarily collating b:uic, ev ailable information the identification of dm hundreds of properies listed in the associated with idemi~ied properties. In keeping with project theme swdy document. Interestingly, only one of the goals restricting research to syntheses of existing data, properties nominated as NHLs in this study, the Minisink site archeologists have not been called upon to collect new in New Jersey, was identified as a poential NHL site information, analyze unsynthcsized data, or prepare new text. recommended (or further study in earlier tltcme studies. All Following acceptance of resource boundaries and affirmation but four of the present 26 NHL nominees, however, arc listed of owner consent by the NPS History Division, archeologists in the National Register of Historic Places. Less rhos[ half of will be asked to prt>vide pertinent data or references to key citations. Finally, they will review products prepared by Uesignation of properties located in States or regions not project personnel and comment upon all theme study drafts. containing existing NHLs associated with Historic Contact also was accorded high priority. High designation priorities further were assigned to properties associated with Historic Evaluaton Issues Contact Period Indian cultures identified in the theme study not presently represented in the NHL framework Properties identified in this project have been evaluated at all levels of significance. Evaluation criteria determine Site integrity plays a major role in determining designation designation priorities. NHL evaluation criteria largely center priorities for nationally significant resources. A relatively upon determinations o(national significance of properties that well-preserved property possessing high potential to yield outstandingly represent or embody one or more of the six nationally significant information was assigned a higher NHL significance criteria. In accordance with curent. policy, preservation priority than a poorly preserved, fragmentary, or all properties considered Cur nomination also aze required to substantially disturbed site. The integrity of archeological address Crin:rion 6: deposits may not always be a major consideration N properties in which archeological values are not of primary [Properties that have yielded or may be likely to yield importance. information of major scientific importance by revealing new cultures, or by shedding light upon periods of occupation over Previous NHL theme studies frequently assessed properties large areas of the United States. Such sites are those which not chosen for designation. Others listed properties recom- have yielded, or which may reasonably be expected to yield mended for future study. Many such properties were data affecting theories, concepts and ideas to a major degree classified as having exceptional value in other themes. Others lEmphasis AddedJ. were recommended for further study within the same theme. The present theme study has built upon this tradition of High priority has been accorded to nationally significant considering a range of potential NHL nominees by using the properties associated with subthemes, facets, and subfacets National Register of Historic Places criteria to preliminarily not represented or underrepresented in the NHL Subtheme U, determine the significance of all inventoried properties "Ethnohismry oC Indigenous American Populations." associated with the Historic Contact Period. These evaluation ~h~r!'~"l +~j ~'.yT~,~~.~+.~Yh~a'{v..+ ~_'^+-~rt~S K' 4Z~~"ti~ ~>~I,!`r ..~1~ raC J . Z k rv'va ,y.. _yiR`:6 r Y ~ ~ ~y^` 3 Ley p ^4 `a j1. V' ./y. 'A Y~ erg„ ujt~ 'a ~ >`~4~r'sw'?. r~.~s ~ t 'sm t] .5 at' Jps b ~i rti~~, i + a' ,g. 1 ~~tr nc ` ~i1~r . ~ n' :kr+ ' ~ ~ s w r, ` ~ Ft w lv tC . ,r r !t. .t ~ F I t Lk Figure 5. Betoken Village, Oregon. View of « storage feature. M11arn• materialr and abjerGS « std by Chinaak people at this Aire prior to the urri rat of Furoamerimns are well presen~ed hetause thrv art submerged or mn.uanth• a'et. _9_ • e i h 'l t i' y L -~p p~/ F~ x ~ .e 5 ~ f 4 - n+a a Y . _ - a 1 f~ k 1 y red t P~ ~ t x y - ~ v_ .r ~ ~ Figure h. Sunken Vi(inge, Oregon. Cedar bark weaving. The extrnnrdina,-v preservntion of .Sunken Village means that organic materials such os hark and wood deteriorate sln wlv, providing archeolnt;ica( annlyses wilh a more complete sample of past life ways. -lo- criteria have been applied to all theme study categories and interested parties also raise significant concerns that must be typologies. By combining NHL and National Register addressed dvectly. Goals and priorities developed by this significance levels and evaluation criteria, this theme study theme study reflect the importance oC this issue by requiring provides government agencies, Indian communities, and that landowners consent to NHL nomination of their others involved in preservation activities with the widest properties prior to study. By explicitly considering such possible framework for the evaluation of nationally signi(i- vitally important issues, this theme study has become a more cant historic contact resources. effective preservation planning management tool. As mentioned earlier, the most immediate product resulting Conclusion from this project is the group nomination of 26 properties as National Historic Landmarks. Over the long tun, this theme Historic context-driven goals and priorities should be study is expected to serve as a vehicle providing information considered whenever actions potentially or actually affect on the Historic Contact Period to government agencies, - associated cultural resources. Agency planning can idemiCy Indian communities, specialists, and the general public It is appropriate preservation procedures. Plans also can minimize also expected that information contained within this impacts oC unanticipated situations. Plans are created in a real document will assist in the preservation of all Historic world in which preservation is only one oC many factors Contact Period properties. Above all, i[ is hoped that this considered in any action. Historic context goals and priorities theme study will serve as a model Cor application of the sometimes can be distinct from certain management historic context concept nationwide. considerations. They cannot, however, be exclusive. Preservationists and project managers must work together to balance historic context-driven planning objectives with Further information on this theme study initiative may be agency or Tribal programs and project requirements. obtained by writing to: The NHL program presengy addresses several practical Preservation Planning Branch considerations in resource designation. The wishes of Cultural Resources Management landowners and other interested parties, for example, are Mld-Atlantic Region, NPS taken into account in any NHL undertaking. Private owner 143 South Third Street objection is a legal bartier to designation. Objections (corn Philadelphia, PA 19106 References Cited Craven, Wesley Frank, editor 1971 White, Red, and Black: The Seventeenth-Century Virginian. University of Virginia Press, Charlottesville, Virginia. Cronon, William 1983 Changes in the Eond.~ /ndians. Colonists, and the Ecology of New England. Hill and Wang, New York, New York. Crosby, AIGed W., Jr. 1972 The Columbian Exchange: Biologicn! and Cultural Consequences of 1492. Greenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut. 1986 Ecological lmperia[ism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900-/900. Cambridge University Press, New York, New York. Dobyns, Henry ~ 1983 Their Number Become Thinned: Native American Population Dynamics in Eastern North America. University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville, Tennessee. Fitzhugh, William W., editor 1985 Cufture.r in Contact: The Europenn /mpact on Native Culmrnf Latitutionr in Eastern North America. A.D. 1000-/800. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC. Holder, Preston 1963 Contact With the Indians. The National Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings, National Park Service, Washington, DC. letmings, Francis 1975 The /nva.cinn of America: /ndians, Colonialism, and the Cant of Conquest. University n( North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. • ll • Kawashima, Yasuhidc 1986 Puritan Ju,ctice and the /ruffian: White Mnn's Law in Masswhusetts, 1630-1763. Wesleyan University Press, Middletown, Connecticut. 1988 "Indian Servitude in the NorthcasL" In, l/andbook of North American Indians: }listory of Indian-White Relations 4, edited by Wilcomb E. Washburn, pp.4U4~06. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, UC. Land, Aubrey C., Lois Green Can, and Edward C. Papenfuse, editors 1977 Law, .Society, and Politics in Early Maryland. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland. Lauber, Almon W. 1913 "Indian Slavery in Colonial Times within the Present Lunirs oC the United States." Columbia University Studies in [}istory, Economics, and Public Law 134. New York, New York. McCusker, John 1. and Russell R. Menard 1985 The Ecowmy of L3ritish North America, 1607-1789. University of North Cazolina Press, Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Nash, Cary R. 1974 Red. B'hite, and Black. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cli Cfs, New Jersey. National Park Service 1983 "Archeology and Historic Preservation: Secreury of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines." Federal Register 48(190):41716-=W 740. 1987 Nisiory and Prehistory in the National Park .System mrd the National /listoric Landmarks Program. History Division, National Pnrk Service, Washington, UC. Ramcno(sky, Ann F. 1987 Vectors of Death: The Archeology of European Contact. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico. Sarles, Frank A., Jr. and Charles E. Shedd, Jr. L959a English Exploration and Settlement to 1700. The National Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings, National Park Service, Washington, UC. 19596 The Advance of the Frontier, 17631830. The National Survey oC Il istoric Sites and Buildings, National Park Service, Washington, UC. 1960 Development of the English Colonies, /700-/775. The National Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings, National Puck Service, Washingtoq UC. Shedd, Charles E., h. 1959 Freru'h Exploration and Settlement. The National Survey oC Historic Sites and Buildings, National Park Service, Washington, UC. 1961 Dutch and Swedish F_splnration and Sett(etnent. The National Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings, National Park Service, Washington, llC. Smith, lames Marlon, editor 1959 Seventeenth-Century America: Essays in Colonial /listory. W. W, Norton, New York, New York. Snow, Dean R. and Kim M. Lanphear 1988 "European Contact and Indian Ucpopulalion itt dw NorthcusC The Timing oC the First Epidemics." Ethnohistory 35 (I 15-35. Spiess, Arthur E. and Bruce U. Spiess 1987 "New England Pandemic of 1616-1622: Cause and Archaeological Implications." Man in the Northeast 34:71-83. Springer, lames W:uTCn 1986 "Americm Indians and the Law of Real Property in Colonial New England." The American Journal of Lego! llismry 30(1):25-58. -I,_ fny FrY. Hnrtc ditnr ' y:°- I"%% ;Idn,ihrxrk n/.North rlmeritan lndianc Northeast !S. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, UC. 0.'.~.i,hurn, R'i k,+mb E., editor I'~R% llandhnnk of North American /ndians: History of ]ration-White Relations 4. Smithsonian Institution Press, ~~'ashinetnn, UC. R'nrxkon. C. G. 19'_11 'The Relations of Ncgrocs and Indians in Massachusctic" Journal ofNegrn History 545-62. fechnlcal ~l3rlefs are designed and-produced by the Departmental Conaulting Archeologist and the. Arc e_ologlca~s, atic DALslun of the NaUunal Park Scryke Theserles eedltors are Mrancfs P McManamon end Rk~ar~ Waldbaue~ The ra hlc dell ne P r~~=-eu~-°°`^~°~"•~~ K P g ~ J,t Juliette C Tahar'~S`ebTl(Kmmmen to tcs fo Afuture brlefs~ and fequestc for~coples fV DeparC ment of",the lnterloq atlonal shark Service, Archeologlcal~Asls[ance plvlslon'P.O.~.Dox„"~ 27?S1'ash „_gton',D .200 3-. 1.17. a ~ o c..,.. a. - - The National Historic Landmarks Program Common Questions and Answers The following are the most common questions that owners of potential National Historic Landmarks, and new owners of designated National Historic Landmarks, ask the National Park Service. There Is a variety of printed information available on the Landmarks program, Including the Department of the IMerkx regulations (36 CFR Part 66) which outline the program's procedures and the effects of Landmark designation. A reading list Is provided at the end of this fact sheet that describes several publications useful to new Landmark owners and where these may be obtained. 1. What are National National Historic Landmarks are buildings, sites, districts, structures, and Historic Landmarks? objects that have been determined by the Secretary of the Interior to be nationally significant in American history and culture. Many of the most renowned historic properties in the Nation are Landmarks. Mount Vemon, the Alamo, and the U.S.S. Constitution are Landmarks that Olus[rate important contributions to the Nation's historical development. 2. How are National Potential Landmarks are identffied primarily through theme studies Historic Landmarks undertaken by the National Park Service; these studies provide a Selected? comparative analysis of properties associated with a spec'rfic area of American history, such as the Civil War or Westward Expansion. The historic importance of these potential Landmarks is evaluated by the National Park Service and the National Park System Advisory Board at regulady scheduled meetings that are open to the public. The Advisory Board includes citizens who are national and community leaders in the conservation of natural, historic, and cultural areas. Appointed by the Secretary to serve four-year terms, members of the Advisory Board evaluate major National Park Service activities and provide professional guidance to the Secretary of the Interior. Recommendations by the Advisory Board are made to the Secretary of the Interior on potential National Historic Landmarks. Final decisions regarding National Historic Landmark designation are made by the Secretary of the Interior. Designation usually takes six to nine months once a final nomination has been approved by the National Park Service and reviewed by the Advisory Board. In most cases, designation by the Secretary occurs six to eight weeks following the Advisory Board's recommendation. Designation may be delayed 'rf questions regarding the significance, physical condition, or boundaries of a potential Landmark are raised by the Advisory Board or the Secretary of the Interior. Although the majority of Landmark nominations are initiated by the National Park Service, nominations prepared by other Federal agencies, State Historic Preservation Officers, and individuals are accepted for review and represent an increasing number of nominations reviewed each year. 3. What criteria are The quality of national significance is ascribed to districts, sites, buildings, used to select structures and objects that possess exceptional value or quality In National Historic Illustrating or Interpreting the heritage of the United States In history, Landmarks? architecture, archeology, engineering and culture; and that possess a high degree of integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association, and: 1 (t) That are assoclated wfth events that have made a significant contribution to, and are Identified with or that outstandingly represent, the broad national patterns of United States history and from which an understanding and appreciation of those patterns may be gained; or (2) That are associated Importantly with the lives of persons nationally signrficant (n the history of the United States; or (3) That represent some great idea or kJeal of the American people; or (4) That embody the distinguishing characteristics of an architectural type specimen exceptionally valuable for the study of a period, style or method of construction, or that represent a significant, distinctive and exceptional entity whose components may lack individual dlstinctiort; w (5) That are composed of integral parts of the environment no[ sufficiently significant by reason of historical association or artistic merit to warrant trrdividual recognition but collectively compose an entity of exceptional historical or artistic sfgn'rficance, or outstandingly commemorate or illustrate a way of Irfe or culture; or (6) That have yielded or may be likely to yield information of major scientific importance by revealing new cWtures, or by shedding light upon periods of occupation over large areas of the United States. Such sites are those which have yielded, or which may reasonably be expected to yield, data affecting theories, concepts and kleas to a major degree. Ordinarily, cemeteries, birthplaces, graves of historical figures, properties -owned by religious institutions or used for religious purposes, structures that have been moved from their original locations, reconstructed historic buildings and properties that have achieved significance within the past 50 years are not eligible for designation. Such properties, however, will qualify if they fall within the following categories: (1) A religious property deriving fts primary national significance from architectural or artistic distinction or historical importance; or (2) A building or structure removed from its original location but which is nationally significant primartly for its architectural merit, or for association with persons or events of transcendent importance in the Nation's history and the association consequential; or (3) A site of a building or structure no longer standing but the person or event associated with it is of transcendent importance in the Nation's history and the association consequential; or 2 (4) A birthplace, grave, or burial 'rf it is of a historical figure of transcendent national significance and no other appropriate site, building or structure directly associated with the productive I'rfe of that person exists; or (5) A cemetery that derives its primary national significance from graves of persons of transcendent importance, or from an exceptionally distinctive design or from an exceptionally significant event; or ((i) A reconstructed building or ensemble of buildings of extraordinary national significance when accurately executed in a suitable environment and presented in a dignified manner as pan of a restoration master plan, and when no other buildings or structures with the same association have survived; or (7) A property primarily commemorative in In[en[ 'rf design, age, tradition, or symbolic value has invested it with its own national historical significance; or (8) A property achieving national significance within the past 50 years 'rf it is of extraordinary national importance. 4. How are National Landmarks have been recognized by the Secretary of the Interior as Historic Landmarks possessing national significance. Nationally significant properties help us different from other understand [he history of the Nation and illustrate the nationwide impact historic properties of events or persons associated with the property, its architectural type or listed in the National style, or information potential. A nationally significant property is of Register of Historic exceptional value in representing or illustrating an important theme in [he Places? history of [he Nation. Properties listed on the National Register are primarily of State and local significance. With a State or locally significant property, fts impact is restricted to a smaller geographic area. For example, many historic schools are listed on the National Register because of the historically important role they played in educating individuals in the community or State in which they are located. Central High School, in Little Rock, Arkansas, is nationally signirficant because it was the site of the first major confrontation over implementation of the Supreme Court's 1954 decision outlawing racial segregation in public schools. The city's resistance led to President Eisenhower's decision to send Federal troops to enforce desegregation at this school in 1957. All National Historic Landmarks are included in the National Register which is the official list of the Nation's historic properties worthy of preservation. Landmarks constitute about 2,000 of the more than 50,000 entries in the National Register; the others are of State and local significance. The process for listing a property in the National Register is different from that for Landmark designation with different criteria and procedures used. Some properties are recommended as nationally significant when they are nominated to the National Register, but before they become National Historic Landmarks, they must be evaluated by the National Park Service's National Historic Landmark Survey, reviewed by the National Park System Advisory Board, and recommended to the Secretary of the Interior. Some properties listed in the National Register are subsequently kientified by the Survey as nationally significant; others are Identified for the first time 3 during Landmark theme studies. Both the National Historic Landmarks and the National Register programs are administered by the Natlonal Park Service under the Secretary of the Interior. 5. Is there a period for Yes. Owners, local elected officials, Slate Historic Preservation Officers, comment on and members of Congress representing the area where the potential designation before a Landmark is located are notified by the National Park Service of the property is designated opportunity to comment in writing to the National Park Service on the a National Historic potential designation. These parties are provided 60 days to comment Landmark? before the meeting of the Advisory Board's History Areas Committee. This Committee meets approximately four to six weeks prior to the Advisory Board meeting to review the nominations in detail and provide a report to the Advisory Board on those properties that meet the criteria. Written comments will be included In the documentation reviewed by the Committee and the Advisory Board. Interested parties may also attend the History Areas Committee and Advisory Board meetings, and upon request may be given an opportunity to address the Committee and Board concerning a property's sign'rficance, integrity, and proposed boundaries. The regulations outline this aspect of the procedure in more detail; for more information refer to 36 CFR 65.5 `Designation of National Historic Landmarks" (c)(1)-(h)(6). Copies of the regulations are available at no cost; see the reading list at the end of this fact sheet for ordering information. 6. How will Landmark Listing of private property on the National Register does not prohibit under designation affect my Federal law or regulations any actions which may otherwise be taken by ability to make the property owner with respect to the property. The National Park Service changes to my may recommend to owners various preservation actions, but owners are j property? not obligated to carry out these recommendations. They are free to make t whatever changes they wish 'rf Federal funding, licensing or permits are not Involved. (Questions regarding Federal involvement are answered in the next section.) Federal laws that involve National Historic Landmarks are listed in the Federal regulations governing this program, specifiglly in 36 ' CFR 65.2 `Effects of Designation" (c) 1-7); copies are available at no cost; see the reading list at the end of this leaflet for ordering information. Owners should keep in mind that State laws or local ordinances may affect National Historic Landmarks 'rf these legal mechanisms recognize and protect Landmarks, independent of Federal law. 7. Can I prevent my Yes. If a private owner, or the majority of private owners of a Landmark property from being a with multiple owners, ob'ect to Landmark desi nation, the roe 1 9 p p rtywill not Landmark? be designated. - 'I 8. Does becoming a No. Landmark designation implies no commitment on the part of the National Historic Federal government to acquire the property. Although some Landmarks ' Landmark mean the have later become units of the National Park System, most are no[ suitable i Federal Government for use as parks, nor do their owners wish to part with them. will acquire my property? a 9. Will I have to open No. There is no such requirement as a result of National Historic my property to the Landmark designation. The overwhelming majority of Landmarks are public if k becomes a privately-owned properties. Some grant sources, however, may require Landmark? that recipients of funding make their property available to the public under very restricted circumstances. 10. Are there No. The National Park Service monRors the status of Landmarks, and will requirements that I often contact owners and discuss preservation needs. But while the NPS maintain my property encourages owners to use the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for to NPS standards or Historic Preservation Projects when doing work, owners are under no restore it to its original requirement to follow this gu(dance. or historic appearance? Federal Involvement with National Historic Landmarks 11. Is my property Federal, State, and local government-owned properties as well as prNate likely to be affected by schools, Institutions, and non-profit organizations are often recipients of Federal laws and Federal funding, and, therefore, would be affected by Federal laws. regulations? Surtace mining, especially surtace coal mining, is subject to Federal laws. There Is also Federal legislation that affords some degree of protection to archeological sites and the art'rfadts contained In them. Private property owners of commercial or residential buildings are less likely to be directly affected. However, federally funded construction of highways, utility Ilnes, or buildings may affect adjacent, privately-owned historic properties. 12. How does Federal Federal funding or licensing of actlvit(es that affect historic properties are involvement affect a regulated principally by Sections 106 and 1 t0(f) of the National Historic Landmark? Preservation Act. Other Federal effects are listed In 36 CFR 65.2. Under Sections 106 and 110(f) of the Act, Federal agencies must 'Make Into account' the effects of their undertakings on historic properties, and afford the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation an opportunity to comment on the undertaking and its effects. Implementing regulations of the Council may be found in 36 CFR Part 800, 'Protection of Historic Properties,' which establish a process of consultation with the State Histodc Preservation Officer and the Council leading, In most Instances, to agreement on how the undertaking will proceed. Steps in the process Include Ident'rficatlon and evaluation of historic properties that may be affected, assessment of the effects of the Federal action, and resolution of any adverse effects that would occur. If a Federal activRy will 'directly aril adversely affect' a landmark, Section 1t0(f) of the Act also calls for Federal agencies to undertake 'such planning and actions as may be necessary to minimize harm to such Landmark.' As with Section 106, the agency must provide the Council with a reasonable opportunity to comment In accordance wfth 36 CFR Part 800. These regulations are available at no cost from the Council; see the reading list at the end of this leaflet for ordering Information. 5 13. Are there Yes. Many property owners of Landmarks and National Register properties advantages to have found the Section 106 process useful In ensuring that Incompatlde National Historic development projects or other actions funded, licensed, or Initiated by Landmark owners in Federal agencies are reviewed and modifications made when poss~le to the Section 106 avoid, min(mize, or mitigate possible harm to hlstorlc properties. Examges Process? of undertakings that would receive Sectlon 106 review might Include levee construction aril other flood control measures that could destroy archeological sites; construction of a new four-lane, IlmRedaccess road through a rural historic district; and demolition, alteration, repair end rehabilftatlon of deteriorated homes In a hlstorlc neighborhood funded by Community Development Block Grant monies to local govemmerrts. 14. Can the Advisory No. The Advisory Council has no veto authority over Federal agencies. Council prevent me It Is Important to keep In mind that the law does not forbid specific actions, from getting Federal even those damaging to hlstorlc properties. The purpose of the law fs to funding? require Federal agencies to conskler the effects of their undertakings on the nation's historic properties. Once this has been accomplished, Federal agencies may choose to proceed with the undertaking as odglnally planned, modify ft to mitigate damage to the property, or not undertake the project. 15. How long does The time varies depending on the historic property, the anticipated effect, the "Section 106" the proposed undertaking, the complexity of consultation and negotiatbn, process take? Can it and the extent of public interest or controversy. The regulations do, delay the receipt of however, provide specrfic time limits for both State Historic Preservation Federal funding? Officer aril Council action In response to agency requests for comment. 16. Will owner No. The law was specrfically designed to extend Sectlon 106 protection objection to Landmark to historic properties not listed on the National Register. Sectlon 106 status prevent the requires the Implementation of Advisory Council review for propertiesllsted Section 106 on or determined eligible for listing in the National Register. Evaluations procedures from of historic significance are made for all properties potentially affected by taking place? Federal undertakings in the Section 106 process. If the property meets National Register criteria for listing, a determination o/ eligibility Is made and the property becomes subJect to the Sectlon 106 process, Adetermination of eligibilityfor National Historic Landmark status mayalso be made by the Secretary of the Interior when an owner objects to Landmark designation. This action Is equivalent to a determination of eligibility for listing in the National Register. In other words, Federal undertakings will still be reviewed. Some potential Landmarks are already listed on the National Register and thus an owner's objection to landmark status will not halt Implementation of Section 106. Section 110(f) of the law requires a higher level of attention for Landmarks adversely affected by Federal undertakings; this Section, however, does not apply unless [he property Is designated a National Historic Landmark. 6 Benefits to National Historic Landmark Designation 17. Are there Federal Yes. Limited Federal grants through the Historic Preservation Fund are funds available for available; Landmark owners should check with their State Historic preserving or Preservation Officer to find out about the availability of Federal and State protecting National funds. Often State and local governments have grant and Loan programs Historic Landmarks? available for historic preservation; these funds tend to be for small amounts. National Register listing Is a condition for receiving grants and loans from many State and local governments as well as private sources. Some funding sources give National H(storic Landmarks higher priority for funding than other National Register properties. There are also Federal Income tax Incentives available for donating easements and for rehabilitating Income-generating historic buildings. Sources of Information about these programs are Included In the reading list. 18. What other Landmark owners are provided with a certHicate and, ff they wish, a bronze benefits are there from plaque to display on the Landmark property. Plaques Wentify the name National Historic and Landmark status of the property and the date of designation. These Landmark status? are available at no cos[ to the owner. The National Park Service provides technical preservation advice to all owners of National Historic Landmarks. Questions regarding preservation Issues are routinely answered by phone or letters, or during on-site visits by NPS staff. The following are other forms of assistance the NPS provides to owners: (1) The National Park Service publishes and distributes Information available to Landmark owners and administrators on a variety of preservation subjects. The NPS publications catalog is listed in the reading list. (2) From time to time, the National Park Service contacts Landmark owners about the condition of their properties and may ask for permission to visit. The NPS Is responsible bylaw for monitoring the condition of National Historic landmarks arxi to report to Congress those that are seriously threatened or damaged. This requirement Is found In Section 8 of the General Authorities Act, as amended; the report Is often referred to as the 'Section 8 Report.' This annual report identifies the nature of the threat and damage and includes recommendations for preserving the endangered Landmark. Its purpose is to Inform Congress and the preservation community of the endangered status of these properties and to encourage preservation action. A Landmark's inclusion in this report requires no compliance action on the part of the owner or the parties causing the threat or damage. However, if those qualities which led to the property's designation have been lost, the Landmark designation will be removed. (3) Each year, a limited number of Landmark buildings are selected to receive indepth site inspections funded and coordinated by the National Park Service. The purpose of these inspections is to analyze the specific condition of the Landmark, identify and prioritize recommended work 7 treatments, and estimate the costs for canying ou[ this work. Information derived from the Indepth Inspection Ls compiled in a building condRlon assessment report which Is made available to owners, preservation organizations, and Interested public and private groups. Executive summaries of condition assessment reports titled 'Landmarks at Risk' may be prepared by the National Park Service for selected Landmarks. Multiple copes are provided to owners for distribution to funding sources, community organizations, and visitors. These publications are used to raise awareness of the Landmark's slgn'rficance and preservation needs. National Historic Landmarks are an Integral part of historic preservation activities at the Federal, State, and local level. The following reading list and agencies can provide further Information about the Landmark program. Reading List Catalog of Historic Preservation Publications. Lists cultural resource publications by the National Park Service. 1989. 29 pages. To be revised In late 1990. Single copies of catalog available /ree /rom the Preservation Assistance Division, National Park Service, P.O. Box 37127, Washingfon, D. C. 20013-7127. Catalog of National Historic Landmarks. Introduction to the Landmark program and State by State list of all designated Landmarks with brief description of their significance. 1987. 289 pages. Write History Division, National Park Service, P.O. Box 37127, Washington, D.C. 20013-7127 for ordering information. Federal Historic Preservation Laws. Compendium of Federal legislation affecting historic and cultural resources. 1989. 61 pages. Single copies available from the Preservation Assistance Division, National Park Service, P.O. Box 37127, Washington, D.C. 20013-7127. Historic Preservation Fund Grant-in-Aid Fact Sheet. Brief description of Federal funds available spec'rfically for historic preservation. 1989. Single copes available flee from the Preservation Assistance Division, National Park Service, P.O. Box 37127, Washington, D.C. 20013-7127. History and Prehistory in the National Park System and the National Historic Landmarks Program:1987. Thematic outline of National Historic landmarks. 124 pages. Single copies available from the Historic Division, P.O. Box 37127, Washington, D. C. 20013-7127. Preservation Tax Incentives for Historic Buildings. Booklet describes eligibility and process for seeking Federal Income tax credit for rehabilitating historic buildings. 1990. 24 pages. Sing/e copies available free /rom the Preservation Assistance Division, National Park Service, P.O. Box 37127, Washington, D. C. 2 00 13-7 12 7. 8 nual Monitoring "Priority 2" Landmarks are also identified as part of 1976, the Secretary of the Interior has been the NPS monitoring effort. These are Landmarks T{1e $eCtiott 8 which are particularly susceptible to serious damage ~nsible for monitoring the status of all National ric Landmarks and for reporting to Congress Report to Congress or threat at this time but whose conditions are not Landmarks which are seriously damaged or im- serious enough at the present time to warrant listing ntly threatened with such damage. These Land- in the Section 8 Report. "Priority 3" Landmarks arc ;are called "Priority 1" Landmarks and are listed those which appear to be receiving proper care and e annual "Section 8 Report to Congress on maintenance and which exhibit little or no known rfened and Damaged National Historic Land- threat or damage. The priority ratings for each Land- This annual report identifies the nature of the mark are evaluated annually. and damage and includes immediate and long- mendations for preserving the endangered t~. ~ t~= - m . A Landmark's inclusion in the Section 8 x. 3} ~t requires no compliance action on the part of + J-~Y.~~',~,^'~+y~s`. andmark owner nor the parties causing the a~~ r ~ r~`~~~~ y~ ge or threat. Rather, the Section 8 Report is tt u,r n ~ii-r*^~~`~j~fr+~ red to inform Congress and the preservation ,.r q -~"t`~+~~;;.-.- -•,-,T-."~ti- nurity of the endangered status of these proper- ~ 4+`i,,,.^~ ~ l +d encourage preservation action. Copies of this r F r r are made available to Congress, Landmark ~ ~ 's, Federal agencies and State and local officials. Cahnkia Mounds, St. Claire Courrtr/, IL. This is the r - ~ ~ - largest prehistoric arche- _ ~ ] r ological site in America and `'r - one of the Nation's few cul- ~ i 'r u„ ~~t• :d~ ~ hoal resources included on l'iF ~ t .S«, ~q 4„ ~~1 Nre World Hcritnge List. It Py s~~~r r • a -~-~+a ~ ~ ~ is seriously threatened with . ~v ~ ~H ~ ' srvcrc erasion. Phala by Urc t! ~riy ~;/~6 ' L'141, . . Stntc of Illimris Department ~ - 1 - ' of Can$erclatlan. y ~ ~ - 1 ~ ~'11 n 1 v _ Ylfl w N 'h xzlp ~ w . i a Prudential (Guaranty) ,rH'- r.. I ~I t ~ g, ff Eastern State Penitentiary, ~ ~ r 111( ~~1 r r + Buildm Bu nlo, NY. ~ d~. > - ' ` k Designed 6y lams Sullivan, Philadelphia, PA. Can- r ~ ~ 4. 1}~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~i"~~~•~~~~~ i this office building was one c strudel in the 1820's, this ~ 1 ~ ~ L 1 of the earliest skysnapers in prison became an interns- I e ; t ~ I' ~ I yI - ~4~ America It was vacant for bona! rnadel for penal . I ~ i ~ ~ years before being design and mm~agement. - ,wt i 111222 k. rehabilitated in 7983 using This aacarrt and deteriorateA v ~ ' Y } - i h ' Federal fax incentives. building has been listed in - ~'JY ~ - ~ t1A.. B + , Phota 6y PaMcia layman the Section 8 Report for i ~ t~t• f a _ ' -s`:.... Bazelon. scc~cral yrnrs. Photo IV ~ ~~r-. - by Tratrcrs. What are National Historic Landmarks? r National Historic Landmarks are recognized as our Na- tion's most important historic and cultural resources. They are buildings, historic districts, structures, sites, • ` and objects that possess exceptional value or quality ~ in illustrating or interpreting the heritage of the United States. Each year some of these Landmarks are threatened with imminent demolition or are seriously damaged through neglect, erosion, fire, vandalism, j development pressures, pot-hunting, and floods. Although these Landmarks may represent a small ~ percentage of the total, their potential destruction ' ' would represent a serious and irrevocable loss to the Nation. ~ ~ ' 4 When the National FIistoric Landmark program was enacted in 1935, it was designed, in part, to identify ~ ~w'3 w r~ r~ ° ~ nationally significant properties which might be con- r ~ sidered for inclusion into the National Park System. 'i ` Over the years, it became apparent that Federal ac- quisition was not economically feasible or practical for ~ ~ most Landmarks, and alternative means for ensuring 4 1 the long-term preservation of Landmarks other than r fee acquisition had to be developed. Today, through - ~ f ~ a variety of innovative programs within the National ` , ~ Park Service (NPS), some measure of preservation 'B ~ ~ assistance is available to owners of Landmarks. These „1_ 'w"`*Fr I programs, several of which utilize Federal funding to _ _ stimulate substantial private im estment, are described ~ J j below; more detailed information ma be obtained rn A~~ from the specific NPS offices listed at the end of this " booklet. ~r~ ~ `A!i r~i ~1+` _ .r i I Rdl, Cn!fauAct Qrll~yc, Wnshiu,~lnrr, D. C. Cnllmuirf Collrgc rrns fnunArd in lhr first cidlrlr for the drnf in fhr Wrifrd Slnfrs. !'bolo Lq P. Andnis. hnical Assistance GYattt-in-Aid Federal funding is not sufficient to assist all National ASS15tanCe Historic Landmarks. In recent years, Federal grants- in-aid through the Historic Preservation Fund have been limited to survey and planning work; these funds ationel Park Service provides technical preser- AdviSOYy SelviCeS are not generally available Eor the restoration or repair advice to all owners of National Historic Land- of specific Landmarks. Landmark owners desiring through its regional offices listed at the end of grant-in-aid assistance should contact their State wklet. General inquiries related to the preser- Historic Preservation Officer for available State or local of Landmarks are routinely answered by the funding. ~y telephone or letter throughout the year. In ases, onsite consultations are performed by NPS A ers to inquiries regarding general •n~ and deterioration, and sources of finan- - sistance are often discussed during annual FIABS/HAER Documentation of National Historic Landmarks is an ving. ReCOt'ding important program of the National Park Service The Historic American Buildings Survey (NABS) and the Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) pro- duce archival documentation of buildings and struo- lures through measured drawings, photographs, and oral and written histories. NABS/HAER documenta- l tax incentives are available for rehabilitating Federal Tax lion creates a permanent written and pictorial record ~-generating historic properties; since 1976 these IttCenttUeS for scholarly research, and can prove extremely fives have been utilized to spur the preservation valuable should a Landmark be seriously damaged or ious National Historic Landmarks. Historic destroyed. Recording is often funded by other Federal figs used for income-generating purposes that are agencies, States, and private individuals and ntially rehabilitated can qualify for an investment corporations. sdit. Several large, underutilized Landmark rgs such as Richmond's Old City HaB in Rich- Virginia, the Prudential (Guaranty) Building in i, Ne~v York, and numerous townhouses in ur- iti Historic Landmark Districts are examples A A A A A l buildings preserved by use of the Federal tl It lJ q IJ entives program. Easement donations are also ~ ale as a Federal income tax deduction. 0 O ::ional Park Service develops and disseminates TeClf tttCal Tonal standards for conservation and preserva- Inf017riat10ri ti'vities, publishes and distributes information ~ y :>ervahon an conservation techniques, and tSiis information available to Landmark owners mmistrators upon request. Most National Park technical preservation publications available for Westnt~er, Charles City vie., VA. Private dor~atiars assisted in fiording the tfABS the general public may be obtained by Land- recd.ding o/ this Georgian mansion. An easement rocs also Aormted by the owners Jor wners at no charge. A complete list of pubBca- drr long-terur protrrtion of the Inndrnnrk. Drawing by the Historic Anteritnrt BuilAing . available from NPS regional offices. Survey, R•trr G. Darlo:u, ddinmror, ]979. File: Interior, Dept. of fFQUCraI Drawer) Fort Corciiaug± Ppth Inspections Private and Corporate Donations ear a limited number of Priority 1 and 2 National ~c Landmarks are selected for indepth site in- The National The National Park Service helps to funnel donations ms funded and coordinated by the National Park HjStoriC of cash, building materials and professional services z. The purpose of these indepth inspections is ~ Landmark FuYtd to specific National Historic Landmarks of the donor's Ivze the specific condition of the Landmark, I choice. National Historic Landmarks can be matched y recommended work treatments for correcting to the interests of the prospective donors. Landmarks ied damages, prioritize work needs, and can be selected for their associations with specific to the costs for carrying out this work. Indepth historical themes, events or individuals, or for their ar- tions are performed by architects and engineers chitectura] style, building type or construction material. at ractice who have experience with historic Landmarks in need of various services or building ~g~d structures and are located in the vicin- products which correspond to a donor's business also he HL being inspected. Indepth inspections can be selected. Assistance to National Historic Land- reological sites are performed by archeologists mark archeological sites is also possible. In working rssociated with area universities. with donors, the National Park Service gives priority to endangered National Historic Landmarks and those ration derived from the indepth inspections is Landmarks in which critical needs have been identified led in a building condition assessment report. by an indepth inspection. port is made available to owners, preservation rations, and interested public and private The National Park Service also assists Land- - +wners in identifying available sources of private ~ ublic funds for undertaking the preservation recommended in the condition assessment c i' s. r ~i t ,t 4 J ~ III ~ , + ~,r~ ~i a ti -7~IR/I1IR~iiYYi lifAiiJDiiY~~i7ftiiFj~'~ L Y~}~ \f ~ t ~ r - t~ ;~.r, ~ ~Fdf~i _ III i~ t . r.. - P f^e .'_"~i v. a wx. c7:~5 reel ll7jl`:.~:i4 r f.fi~`S++r. ~i~ry ~'l'~.1 LL'.;g+wu .l.:.ti.P.JL Y (~,j....iL. LX~:w i.n~_"v~l ~ ~risto Cottage (6rgene O'Neill House), New London, CT. O'Neill, one of Coker House, Clmrripiort Hill Bnttlefi~cld, Vicksbwg vie., MS. This hndlq delrriornh it +'s outstanding drnrnntists, spent most of his early summers in this house and Greek 2raroal house rs one of the /ew renmuung historic st ruct ores nn Chnnrpion Hill r anote his J~'rst plays here. An NPS indepth inspection identified several sources battle/irld. The battle /ought here mns the prraosor to the siege of Vickshurq. An NPS urP dnrnnge to this Lnndrnark. Photo by A.V. Scarartn. iurlrpt)r irupectinn idenfi/irA fhr need /or nmjor roof, Jnundalinn and porch rrpnirs to snve this Inrrdrunrk. Photo by j. Tracers. I---- CUTCHOGUE-NEW SUFFOLK HISTORICAL COUNCIL'; ; LIrJ ._1V ~I Cl,tchogue - Long Island - New York 11935 ( E. TOJJiVQFaDU,htp~~ September 23, 1990 Scott L. Harris, Supervisor l'own of Southold Southold, N.Y. 11971 Representatives of the Cutchogue-New Suffolk Historical Council and the Long Island Chapter of the NYS Archaeological Society (Indian Museum) have held several meetings regarding the Fort Corchaug/Banter Farm acquisition by the County and Town. As a result of these meetings, the Boards of Trustees of these two organizations are requesting that the Town of Southold establish an Archaeological Advisory Committee. The function of this Archaeological Advisory Committee will be to oversee archaeological investigation on Fort Corchaug and other public property in the Town of Southold. This Committee should have representatives firom the following organizations; .Town of Southold Suffolk County NYS 'Dep't of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation Southold Community (specifically the Cutchogue- New SuffioIk Historical Council anJ the L.I. Chapter of the NYS Archaeological Society in Southold) Colleges and Universities on Lony Island and in New York City with nepartments of Archaeology, Anthropolo~.(y, or Sociology(Prehistary> Professor Walter L. Smith, President, Indian Museum, (323- 2669) and William Peters, President, Cutchogue-New Suffolk Historical Council, (734-5989) are available to assist you in this effort. Si~njc~er~ely, V William Peters File: Historical Societies Fort Corchaug~ • • _ TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY COLLEGE Of LIBERAL ARTS w COLLEGE STATION,TEXAS 77843.43SZ ~ - , (409) (145-5242/5260 i j wi j yy i ~~..G O Sept. 12, 199~paitioFS~ui~~risi Mr. Scott Harris, Town Supervisor - Southold, New York 11971 hear 1`^.r. Harris, 6Je received word from a Newsday reporter who tracked us down in Kansas with the news that the efforts to acquire the Baxter farm property on sort Neck, Cutchogue, were successful. I am persunally greatly relieved and happy that after all of these years of hopefully waiting and watching, rr^ort Corchauq has been saved. We are all the more fortunate, because the former and present owners luckily had recognized the historical importance of the site, and had never submitted the area to the plow. Passing a plow with a two foot depth blade over the area even on one turn would have obliterated probably 85% of the evidence of the fort's _ existence. I had walked over the area with the elder Mr. Downs in the 1930's. He was fully aware of the site's historical value, and the'area had been used solely as a pasture ground. Mr. Baxter is to be commended for continuing in the tradition of cultural awareness of Ft. Corchaug's singular importance. I have just finished a manuscript on Fort Massapeag (Massapequa) on western,LOng Island, and aim to update my slim publication on Fort Corchauq] in the future. Regarding plans for Fort Corchauq, I will be available to help drawing from my own experience. There sre precedents for the preser- ~ vation of contemporary fort sites on the mainland. Fort Shantok in Connecticut and Fort Ninigret, dating from about the middle of the 17th century also, are cases in•point. I have a young colleague, a former Columbia student, now working as a contract archaeologist in Northport, who has had considerable experience in setting up a his- torical Indian village and fort site in Ohio. I think that he could be called upon for additional assistance in drawing up plans for the establishment of a mini-park or whatever at the site. Needless to ~ _ say, we do not know everything about the fort. I personally feel that there may be an Indian burial ground in the vicinity. If burials are found, the problem may become a political one, since there is currently an emergent cultural awareness among the Indian groups of their past history. Again, I am deeply gratified that all of your efforts and work of your associates and staff toward the acquisition of the Fort Cor- chauq property has been crowned with success. It is quite certain that without your backing a most important link of Southold's past would have been lost to posterity. Ver si c e yours, Archaeology Conservation Ethnology folklore Geoarchaeology al sch Nutritional Anthropology Paleoethnobotany Palynology Physical ,]gygr ~o Zeydl¢gy ed]. Prof. Texas A&M Prnf C'..,e.-i r..~.....t_ _ File: Fort Corchaug ~ "T" General "S" - General • _ _ • CUTCHOGUE-NEW SUFFOLK HISTORICAL COUNCIL Cutchoque, Long Island, New York 11935 g l 3 t , <i - ?j September 6, 1990 Mr. Scott Harris _ _ , Supervisor,Town of Southold Town Hall Southold, NY 11971 Dear Scott: It was an unprecedented team effort that resulted in the public acquisition of the Baxter property in Cutchoque on which historic Fort Corchaug is located. There are many individuals and organizations, in both the public and private sectors, whose support contributed significantly to preserving this unique parcel of 104 acres of pristine woodlands, wetlands and farmlands. The Committee to Save Fort Corchaug wishes to thank you for your singular and unending support of our efforts. Since taking office, you have provided the leadership, enthusiasm, and encouragement that resulted in our surmounting every obstacle that almost sidelined this project. You and Legislator Michael Caracciolo brought Southold Town and Suffolk County resources together to finally attain our goal. Thanks again for playing such a key role in preserving Fort Corchaug,.an accomplishment that undoubtedly will be regarded by both today's residents and tomorrow's generations as the most important event of our 350th anniversary year. Also, please be assured that the Cutchoque-New~Suffolk Historical Council stands ready to assist you and Town officials in managing and interpreting this magnificent open space and historic site for the public's education and enjoyment. Sin erely, c- J e F. G hwohl hai an ittee to Save Fort Corchaug s Fife: Historical Societies Fort Corchaug • • ~ << , CUTCHOGUE-NEW SUFFOLK HISTORICAL COUNCIL' i"; _ ~ it ~f~.: `l. 4 Ctirtchogue - Long Island - New York 11935 ; TU=Plw OF 30Uih;OLD September 23, 1990 Scott L. Harris, Supervisor Down of Southold Southold, N.Y. 11971 Representatives of the Cutchogue-New Suffolk Historical Cauncii and tfie Long Island Chapter of tfie NVS Arcfiaeolagical Society <Indian Museum) have held several meetings regarding the Fort Carchaug/Ba,:ter Farm acquisition by the County and Town. As a result of these meetings, the Hoards of Trustees of these two organizations are requesting that the Town of Southold establish an ArchaeoIogicaI Advisory Committee. The function of this Archaeological Advisory Committee will be to oversee archaeological investigation on Fort Corchaug and other public property in the Town of Southold. This Committee should have representatives from the following arganizationsi Town of Southold Suffolk County NYC Dept of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation Southold Community (specifically the Cutchogue- New Suffolk Historical Council anJ the L.l. Chapter of the NYS Archaeological Society in Southold) Colleges and Universities on Lorty Island and in New York City with departments of Archaeology, Anthropolo~,~y, or SociDlogy(Prehistory) Professor Walter L. Smith, President, Indian Museum, (323- 2669) and William Peters, President, Cutchogue-New Suffolk Historical Council, (734-5989) are available to assist ynu in this effort. Si~n~cer1ely, William Peters , File: Historical Societies Fort Corchaug`j • 1 • • Ta - r~ 05~~~0~~0 o~ F°=- ' ~ t N ' ~ Town Hall, s3095 Main Road P.O. Box 1179 Telephone . ~ Southold, New York 11971 psis) 7ss-isol ~~~ol y ~~0~ SOUTHOLD TOWN CONSERVATION ADVISORY COUNCIL August 7, 1990 Southold Town Board RECEIVED Southold Town Hall Main Road 9 1990 Southold, New York 11971 Re: Acquisition of the Baxter Property Sonshn~~l T,...- Dear Board Members: The Southold Town Conservation Advisory Council fully supports the acquisition of the Baxter property which consists of approximately 104 acres bordering Down's Creek in Cutchogue. The value of preserving open space is an argument that has been made often and convincingly by many over the past few years and doesn't have to be repeated here but the Baxter property has some unique qualities that place it in a special position. The Baxter property is large and diverse - it consists of approximately 70$ woodlands and 30$ open farm land while bordering a florishing tidal estuary. The land also contains fresh water wetlands. The number of different plants and animals is large. Another extremely important reason for preserving the Baxter property is the existence of Fort Corchaug. This fort is the only known site of an Indian fort on Long Island that has not been obliterated by development. The Baxter property is listed as a New York State Significant Coastal Fish and Wildlife Habitat and part of the Suffolk County Peconic Bay Estuary Critical Environmental Zone. Fort Corchaug is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The biological diversity and historical significance coupled with the value of preserving open space make this property a unique opportunity for the Town and County to act in acquiring it. It would also be a wonderful 350th birthday present to the people of Southold and Suffolk County! Very truly yours, John Holzapfel, Chairman Southold Town CAC File: Conservation Advisory Council "H" General Fort Corchaug • • ,r ~~1~., ' + West Main Street U~' Cutchogue, L.I., NY 11935 1 ~'-3 ~ February 20, 1990 UlU-•'_. _.,~~r~ Mr. Scott Harris Supervisor, Town of Southold Southold, NY 11971 Dear Supervisor Harris: I was pleased to read in the local press that you actively support the purchase of the William Baxter property on Downs Creek in Cutchogue on which the remains of Fort Corchaug are located. Your personal backing, together with the continued support of the Town Board, is very commendable. Hopefully, it will result in preserving this significant parcel which, in addition to the historically significant Indian fort, contains pristine wetlands, woodlands and 40 acres of fertile farmlands. It is the largest parcel of available undeveloped property in Southold Town. The Committee to Save Fort Corchaug, sponsored by the Cutchogue-New Suffolk Historical Council, has worked quietly and diligently for several years to bring resources together to purchase this unique property from the William Baxter estate. A number of interested organizations and individuals also have assisted this effort. However, time is getting very short. Mr. William Baxter, Jr. has been extremely patient and cooperative in waiting for the funding package to be approved. As you know, the Town and County have together committed nearly $2 million but another $1 million is needed soon or the property will be placed on the market. We publicly applaud their interest in seeing the entire parcel preserved, but we cannot expect the Baxter family to wait forever for funding to materialize. Your proposal to use part of the Town's share of the County's 1/4 cent sales tax to complete the purchase of the full 104 acres is a sensible approach. Although Mr. Arthur Kunz, Director of the Suffolk County Planning Commission has indicated some reservations with the proposal, we, the taxpayers of Southold Town and Suffolk County, back you and the Town Board and other local legislators in emphasizing the benefits of acquiring this parcel using any available funding. T (D The cost of this acquisition now will be far less than the cost of its eventual development. All of us are concerned about o increases in our real estate taxes throughout the years. Research has found, however, that increased residential development n increases real estate taxes. ° z 3 I urge you and the Town Board to continue your strong support ~ for this project. Granted, it would be the best 350th birthday ~ present the residents of Southold Town could be given. More importantly, it would preserve this exquisitely unique and important parcel and provide a perpetual gift of open space for generations to come. Thank you for your continued interest and support. We have a staggeringly difficult job to do and not much time to do it. So we urgently need ali the support we can get. Together, we must acquire and preserve the Baxter/Fort Corchaug open space. Sincerely,~~~ Cy': Ja es F. Grathwohl airman, Committee to Save Fort Corchaug • ~.B /Co~''c~ COUNTY OF SUFFOL • G®~~ .r~'//~/ ~~,i -I '~~J COUNTY LEGISLATURE SUP~~~n~:VAC . GREGORY J. GLASS -.,..,,!y PRESIDING OFFICER December 12 , 198 9 Supervisor Frank Murphy Southold Town Hall 53095 D9ain Road Southold, New York 11971 Re- Fort Corchau Dear Supervisor Murphy: This letter is to inform you that, at the Suffolk County Legislature's December 12th meeting, I tabled IR-1750 and IR-1751 authorizing the County's acquisition of Fort Corchaug, to the first scheduled meeting of the Legislature in February of 1990. At the time of writing this letter, I am still waiting to be officially notified of the New York State Parks Department's disposition on Southold Town's application for EQBA funding with regard to this acquisition. I also wish to inform you that, should this proposal prove viable at that time, Legislator Fred Thiele has agreed to assume full sponsorship and responsibility. If you have any questions with regard to the Fort Corchaug situation, please contact either Legislator Thiele, at 725-4915, or call me directly. Very truly yours, Gregory J. Blass Presiding Officer Suffolk County Legislature GJB/gb cc: Southold Town Council Scott L. Harris Fred Thiele - Legislator Legislator-elect Michael Caracciola WILLIAM M. ROGERS LEGISLATURE BUILDING. VETERANS MEMORIAL HIGHWAY • NAUPPAUGE, NEW YORK 11]8]-4311 • (3161360-4088 File: Fort Corchaug ~ S. C. Legislature NYS Parks 6 Recreation • • tti , . , • Page 3 of 15 I. GENERAL APPLICANT INFORMATION FORM LEGAL APPLICANT/RECIPIENT Municipality: Southold Street/P.O. Box: 53095 Main Rnarl Town/City/Village: Southold County: suffnik State: New York Zip: 11971 Municipal Official: Francis J. Murphy Title: Supervisor Contact PerSOn: James C. McMahon Area Code: 516 Telephone Number: 765-1892 Assembly Member Joseph Sawicki, Jr. District # 1 Senate Member Kenneth P. LaValie District # 1 RESOLUTION I, Judith T. Terry , the duly qualified and acting Clerk of the (Town) (Q¢kat) (~j~~) of Southold New York, do hereby certify that the following resolution was adopted at a (regular) meeting of the (Town) (C,:j~) Southold Town Boardteld on 9/26/89, and is on file and of record, and (governing body) (date) that said resolution has not been altered,-amended or revoked and is in full force and effect. RESOLVED: That, Francis J. Mur~hv , the (Supervisor) Qd~.y~) Mme) is authorized and directed to file an application on forms prescribed by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation for financial assistance in accordance with the provision of Title 9 of the Environmental Quality Bond Act of 1986, in an amount not to exceed $ 900,000 and upon approval of said request to enter into and execute a project agreement with the State for such financial assistance to this municipality for the Fort Corchaua Park Project (grant project name) Seal v--J~ (Signa ure of Cle ) A CERTIFIED COPY OF THE RESOLUTION OF THE GOVERNING BODY AUTHORIZING THE ABOVE CERTIFICATION MUST BE ATTACHED: ` . ~ ~ • ? ~ 1 IA 1~.. .l1 : _ y, l:~ , ca Town Hall, 53095 Main Road 'a `Y ~ P.O. Box 1179 ~ T,-yr ,i/ t Southold, New York 11971 JUDITH T. TERRY EAx (516) 765-1823 TOWN CLERK ~ ~-'Z TELEPHONE (516) 765-1801 REGISTRAR Of' VITAL STATISTICS OFFICE OF THE TOWN CLERK TOWN OF SOUTHOLD I, Judith T. Terry, Town Clerk of the Town of Southold, New York, do hereby certify that the following resolution was adopted at a Regular Meeting of the Town Board of the Town of Southold held on September 26, 1989, and is on file and of record, and that said .resolution has not been altered, amended or revoked and is in full force and effect: RESOLVED that the Town Board of the Town of Southold hereby authorizes and directs Supervisor Francis J. Murphy to file an application on forms prescribed by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation for financial assistance in accordance with the provision of Title 9 of the Environmental Quality Bond Act of 1986, in an amount not to exceed $900,000, and upon approval of said request to enter into and execute a project agreement with the State for such financial assistance to the Town of Southold for the Fort Corchaug Park Project. Judith T. Terry Southold Town Clerk September 27, 1989 ' ~ File: NYS ofc. of Parks, Recreation E Historic Preservation Community Development - Fort Corchaug~~ ? N FAX COVER SHEET TO: JAMES CRATHWOHL 'y43-~y7- 3.39` FROM: JUDITH T. TERRY, SOUTHOLD TOWN CLERK ON BEHALF OF COUNCILMAN GEORGE L. PENNY IV DATE: JULY 14. 1989 Pages to follow: 2 Additional Comments: IF ALL PACES ARE NOT RECEIVED, PLEASE CALL SOUTHOLD TOWN HALL at (516) 765-1800 SUFFOLK COUNTY FARM SELEC~ITTEE . Arthur H. Kunz, Chairman BABYLON SMITHTOWN Brian Zitani Russell Barnett, Supervisor Town of Babylon Dept. of Environment & Waterway Dept. of Environmental Control Smithtown Town Hall 281 Phelps Lane 99 West Main Street North Babylon, N. Y. 11703 Smithtown, N. Y. 11787 Phone: 422-7640 Phone: 360=7514 BROOKHAVEN SOUTHAMPTON Elmer H. Zeh Ms. Lee Foster 190 Wading River Main Street Manorville, N. Y. 11947 Sagaponeck, N. Y. 11963 Phone: 878-1327 Phone: 537-1014 EAST HAMPTON TOWN OF SOUTHOLD Randall Parsons Bennet Orlowski, Jr. P.O. Bex 2337 Mein Road - Rox 279 East Hampton, N. Y. 11937 Cutchogue, N. Y. 11935 Phone: 324-8716 Phone: (0) 727-3595 (H) 734-5917 HUNTINGTON Anthony Brand, Jr. AT LARGE 658 Pulaski Road Daniel Latham Greenlawn, N. Y. 11740 Youngs Road Phone: 367-3021 Orient, N. Y. 11957 Phone: 323-3569 ISLIP Harrison Demarest, Jr. William Rutkoski, Commissioner Main Road Dept. of Planning & Development Orient, N. Y. 11957 Town of Islip Phone: 323-3636 655 Main Street Islip, N. Y. 11751 Albert Schmitt Phone: 224-5450 34 Vanderbilt Parkway Dix Hills, N. Y. 11746 RIVERHEAD Phone: 271-3805 Edwin Fishel Tuccio, Jr. North Quarter Farm Dan Fricke Roanoke Avenue County Extension Administration Riverhead, N. Y. 11901 Cooperative Extension Assoc. Phone: 727-6644 246 Griffing Avenue Riverhead, N. Y. 11901 SHELTER ISLAND Phone: 727-7850 Alfred J. Kilb, Jr., Councilman Town of Shelter Island Richard Lee Town Hall 55 Tuthill's Point Road Ferry Road East Moriches, N. Y. 11940 Shelter Island, N. Y. 11964 Phone: 878-8278 Phone: 749-0291 Shirley Riker 472 Woodbury Road Huntington, N. Y. 11743 Phone: 367-3021 Farm Select Committee (continued) EX-OFFICIO Roy Dragotta, Princ. Assist. County Atty., Municipal Services Bldg. 158, North County Complex Veterans Memorial Highway Hauppauge, N. Y. 11788 Phone: 360-5132 Joan Scherb, Commissioner S. C. Dept. of Real Estate 10 Oval Drive Hauppauge, N. Y. 11788 Phone: 232-5800 ` Far ~ r1/ ~ 3c7 ~ !i!1 23~nn3 el~l1{ SENIDR CITIZENS CLUB r f ~ rf~ d OF SOUTHOLD TOWNSHIP , SliPc'ii!iISCF,S Cf•F!; MATTITUCK UNIT TOUI;VOFgpU~l~t;i~ MATTITUCK, N. Y. 11952 Jue ~ , i ~~~tc i w„,._ Dear Supervisor LFurphy and Town Board ?tembers. In be'ralf of the 2+:attituck Seniors I request an opportunity to appear 'oefore your July 5th Business ::Ieetir.~. I would li'..~e to discuss the purchase o= t::e Baxter Property and other similar purchases with you. Thank you fir your cooperation in this matter. Re^ ectfu ly , }.attituck .,nicrs a File: Senior Citizens Club Corchaug u ~ - ew k Special Edition Summer 1989 This s ecial mid-summer edition of the CUTCHOGUE-NEW SUFFOLK HISTORICAL COUNCIL NEWSLETTER has been prompted by a need for action regarding FORT CORCHAUG. FORT CORCHAUG ON THE LIGHTER SIDE, The property encompassing FORT ANNOUNCING CORCHAUG is for sale. The owner of this property is agreeable to its A COUNTRY FAIR purchase by the County for 3 million ITS NOT JUST APPLES!! dollars, if its preservation can be September 16> 1989, 10 A.M. - 4 P.M. guaranteed. This is a price On the Village Green considerably lower than the 3.6 million and 3.75 million offered by Apple Pie Contest prospective private developers. The Judging at 12 Noon. To register, 3 million of public money is already call 734-7113 or 734-7616. in place, having been previously approved by the tar,payers, i.e. 2 Auntie Em's Attic 8, Kitchen million of Suffolk County Farmland Small linens for sale, also pretty Preservation funding and 1 millior, household items that are almost too of Southold Town Open Space funding, good to give away. What are the Farmland Preservation Home Baked Goods and Open Space Programs? Farmland Mostly with applesg also jams, Preservation is the means by which jellies, pickles, etc. Development Rights can be purchased by Suffolk County, thus eliminating Hobby Table the pressure of increasing land Council members with clever fingers values (and hence property taxes) are being asked to donate all sorts which are making land economically of handmade items. Male and female unprofitable as farmland. Open Space members please. is the Southold Town Program insti- tuted to assure that Southold Town Dried Flower Arrangements not be converted to a suburban Council members with green? thumbs sprawl. Fort Corchaug is included are making up arrangements in within a parcel of farmland and baskets and on wreaths. We need YOU woodland. As farmland, it comes to dry flowers for us. Call below. under the provenance of Farmland Preservation. As a contiguous p104 Haskets of Apples and Vegetables acre arcel, it deserves open S ace We will be selling chances on 5 support. baskets of apples and veggetables, to be raffled off at noon, 1, 2, 3, and These two programs separately and 4 PM. independently justify the preser- vation of Fort Corchaug as a Hooked Rug Raffile furtherance of their own worthwhile The drawing for one of our prime objectives. Even without justific- money raisers, the hooked rug made ations furnished for the above by Ruth Grathwohl, will be held at reasons, Fort Corchaug deserves to 3:30 PM. If you haven't bought the be saved. Consider this: winning ticket yet, you have until 3:29:59 to do so. *It is the last of five Indian Forts known to have been on Lonq And What Else?? Island during the time of the early -Games for children run by children. settlers arrival. The other four -Young entrepreneurs selling cider forts, Manhansett, Shinnecock, and penny candy. Montauk, and Fresh Pond are all -Surprise exhibits. gone, destroyed by development or -Events going on in the historical site unknown. buildings. *Except far preliminary archaeo- logical test digging, the Fort Hut There's A Catch!!! Corchaug site is relatively undis- This event is more than ,lust a turbed. committee effort. We need a whale *This Fort provides the link community Participation. What is between Long Island's pre-historic required. Empty jelly jars, pretty and present history. items to sell (no yard sale paraphernalia, please), home baked Fort Corchaug is on the National goods, jams & jellies, flower Register of Historic Places. As arrangers and additional ideas & Southold Town approaches its 350th suggestions. Anniversary in 1990, it would be How to get involved? ironic to have this be the year of June Metzner, 734-7113 the Forts final abandonment! Claire Foos, 734-7616 Dorothy Auer, 734-7810 How can you help? You can help by Pat Brown, 734-6977 writing or telephoning your County Legislators. Tell them how you feel about this issue. The Committees they serve, and the dates of their next meetings with Fort Corchaug on the agendas are given on the flip side of this Newsletter. Legislators and Committees WRVS AND MEANS COMMITTEE CONSERVRTION, PARK ACQUISITION & AUGUST 9TH AT 11:OOAM HISTORIC PRESERVATION WILLIAM H. ROGERS LEGISLATURE BLDG. AUGUST 8TH RT 3:30 P.M. HRUPPAUGE WILLIAM H. ROGERS LEGISLATURE BLDG. HRUPPAUGE Steven Levy, Chair, Democrat 22-30 Railroad Ave. Steven Engglebright, Chair, Democrat Sayville, N.Y. 11782 149 Main St. 567-0460 Setauket, N.V. 11733 689-8500 James F. Gaughran, Democrat 256 Main St. Wayne Prospect, Democrat Huntington, N.Y. 11743 1789 Eaast Jericho Tpk. 673-9393 49915886 n, N.Y. 11743 Richard H Schaffer, Jr. Democrat 146 N. Wellwood Ave. Donald Blydenbur9h, Republican Lindenhurst, N.V. 11752 50 Route 111; Suite 20G 226-1340 Smithtown, N.V. 11787 724-4888 Michael O'Donohoe, Conservative 124 Laurel Road Maxine Postal, Democrat east Northport, N.V. 11731 137 Broadway 754-8288 Amityville, N.Y. 11701 691-4488 Joseph Rizzo, Republican 3250 Sunrise Highway Fred W Thiele, Jr East Islip, N.V. 11730 (Ways & Means Comm., above) Fred W. Thiele, Jr., Republican Bayy St. & Devision St. P.O. Box 599 Sag Harbor, N.V. 11963 +7T r ~ Q T u.. . tr - - ~ • ~ 4 \ ill ~ ~.1 -l1F, ~ n ~ i.,•n, 1N~ ~1M i(nn { ~i , f 1"Sketch of the Corchaug Indian settlement on the East End Non-Profit Org. CUTCHOGUE-NEW SUFFOLK U.S. Postage HISTORICAL COUNCIL PAID Cutchogue, NY Cutcl,ogue - Long Island - New Yodc 11935 Permit No. 36 ELLEN LARSEN BOX 384 SOUTHDLD, L. I. NEW YORK - 11971 01U 7 O mN t _ i t0 O U UL F~r-t iii LL = N lL • • ~ ~ ~ COUNTY OF SUFFOLK ~Q..~MY =4 yy 3~p,:~~~L,l~'J „lU¦,,y~~.@y65 COUNTY LEGISLATURE ~ `M' c', ~ I GREGORY J. GLASS - , PRESIDING OFFICER April 21, 1989 ~~1:'M1 Mr. Arthur Kunz, Director Planning Department H. Lee Dennison Building Veterans Memorial Highway Hauppauge, NY 11788 Re: Fort Corchaug (Baxter Farm) Tax Map No. 1000 116 O1 003 Approximately 104 Acres Dear Mr. Kunz: _ I would very much appreciate having the Fort Corchaug (Baxter Farm) property placed on the Farmland Select Committee agenda for possible purchase of farmland development rights. Tlie Department of Real Estate will have the appraisal ready in the very near future. Thank you for your attention to this matter. Should you require additional information, please contact me directly. Very truly yours, reg y J. ass Presiding Officer Suffolk County Legislature GJB:jpk cc: Commissioner Joan Scherb Mr. Robert Sgroi Supervisor Frank Murphy WILLIAM H. ROGERS LEGISLATURE BUILDING. VETERANS MEMORIAL HIGHWAY • HAUPPAUG E. NEW YORK I I]6]-431 I • (5161360-dO6B File: Corchaug, Fort S.C. wept. of Real Estate S.C. Legislature • • CUTCHO•E-NEW SUFFOLK HISTORICA•OUNCIL p~~~~n Cutchogue - Long Island - New York 11835 RC\.G~ ~ LV JAN 19 1989 Sat~,la Tt,,..,, t~te,4 January 10, 1989 Messrs G. W. Blass S. C. Englebright Suffolk County Legislature Hauppauge, N.V. 11788 Sirs: Last night the members of the Cutchogue-New Suffolk Historical Council unanimously passed a resolution supporting the acquisition of the Fort Corchaug Site in Cutchogue by Suffolk County. Please do not hesitate to call upon us for any help you might need to make this acquisition become a reality. We are hundreds of pairs of feet and hands ready to further this cause. Sincerely~,~,~~~, William Peters, Trustee Cutchogue-New Suffolk Historical Council (Tele. 734-5989) cc Haxt~. Enterpri=_es Southold Town Hoard Suffolk Times Traveler-Watchman • RESOL LIT I ON BOARD OF TRUSTEES CUTCHOGUE-NEW SUFFOLK HISTORICAL COUNCIL. January 9, 1989 At a General Membership Meeting held this date the CUTCHOGUE-NEW SUFFOLK HISTORICAL COUNCIL has unanimously passed the following resolution: Whereas, We consider the Historical heritage of Suffolk County to be worthy of preservation; and Whereas, the Suffolk County Legislature is in the process of acquiring the site of Fort Corchaug; Resolved, That the site of FORT CORCHAUG is worthy of preservation and that steps be taken to prevent accidental or purposeful destruction of this site. Resolved, That this resolution be presented to the County Legislature and to urge upon them prompt action in this matter. ~ A / File: Corchaug, Fort ? Historical Societies L1EC ~ Z ~(~cs(J o ~-'~+L^ HARRY G. CASH 899 W. CREEK AVH. b CUTONOOUE, L. 1., N. Y. 1199E SUFei'~V ic?f2S C('}*ft^~ ~~rosrN CS~soUr„;~ii~ 9, /9fra~ //dcY s~ ~y~ ~ e> v! s!~-i' ~ ~~LCY~ ,1I d~rr~ vii ~ P ~ -Z c7 p G~ 7'T7e f" v,Y~t 77 y, y~ ICL,fiiw~/f'" / W/~i~7 GLLC~ Jam/ s% F/i~ (/IIL~A~Jd ~jS E s~ !-LR"S //I~YIa~P_Y ~~SGllSS/~"l"]~ ~~c~ C7r_a~r~ ~~nXi<¢ccs ~i' ~ Yr~~• ~ ' Cpl P~~yl75 COQ y~ cSiGO/Y~ ~ ` ~ _ ~ ? /illd--" 1C I" <~~Sd~vUJ ~ c!/ ~ ~ ~-~v~~ r~ /-r• ~ ~U~a~~is~~s~~ i ~ ,may i O LL C 01 ~ 7 V L i U_ `oV U= ui LL • • ~ • COUNTY OF SUFFOLK • RECHVED NOV 71986 sa,llwld ipwn per, COUNTY LEGISLATURE GREGORY J. GLASS ro Box 911 LEGISLATOR, FIRST DISTRICT 11 WEST SECOND STREET RIVERHEAD. NEW YORK 11901 -0JOl CHAIRMAN: ca 1 snvazoo EDUCATION & YOUTH COMMITTEE MEMBER: ENERGY Q ENVIRONMENT COMMITTEE BUDGET COMMITTEE LEGISLATIVE b PERSONNEL COMMITTEE November 3, 1986 AGRICULTURAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE BOARD OF DIRECTORS -SOIL & WATER CONSERVATION DISTRICT Mrs. Judith T. Terry Town Clerk Southold Town Hal] Main Road Southold, _NY 11971 Dear M < .eery: Enclosed please find a copy of a letter addressed to Mr. Paul Sabatino, Counsel to the Suffolk County Legislature, and copied to Mr. Frank Murphy and the Southold Town Board., regarding Fort Cutchogue (Baxter Farm) . I would appreciate your providing each member of the Southold Town Board with a copy of the enclosed correspondence. Thank you in advance for your cooperation. Very truly yours, Greg ~ J. Blass Legislator First Legislative District GJB/eg Enclosure • COUNTY OF SUFFOLK • COUNTY LEGISLATURE GREGORY J. BLASS n.o. Box BI 1 LE018UTOR, FlRST gBTRICT 1 I WlBT 8lCOND BTREET RIVERHEAD, NEW YORK 11 DOI-0701 CNAIRMAN: 1E i BI 727-]200 EDUCATION 6 YOUTH COMMITTEE MEMBER: ENEROY B lNVIRONMENT COMMITTEE BUDOE7 COMMITTEE November 3 1988 LE018LATIVE d RERBONNlL COMMITTEE t AGRICULTURAL ADVISOIIY CiOMMTITEC BOARD OF dRlCTOR8 • SOIL B WATFR CONSERVATION DISTRICT Mr. Paul Sabatino, Counsel Suffolk County Legislature William H. Rogers Building Veterans Memorial Highway Hauppauge, NY 11788 Re: Fort Cutchogue (Baxter Farm) Town of Southold Dear Paul: I am writing to you with regard to the above referenced property which is of great interest to the residents of the First Legislative District. I would respectfully request that legislation be prepared to authorize the planning steps for the acquisition of Fort Cutchogue (Baxter Farm) in the Town of Southold. The following items should assist you in drafting this legislation: (1) Fort Cutchogue is the only known site of an Indian Fort on Long Island not significantly disturbed by development. (2) The fort was a defensive installation for the Corchaug Indians, one of 13 subtribes of the Algonguin culture located on Long Island at the time of first contact with white settlers. (3) A prominent archaeologist, Charles F. Goddard, Founder of the Southold Indian Museum, made extensive exploration of the fort in the early part of the 20th Century, conducting the excavation that yielded many Indian artifacts as well as colonial trade pipes and brown glazed colonial crockery; (4) The possibility exists of someday reconstructing Fort Cutchogue as it was in Colonial times, which has been done in other parts of New York State. According to the Town of Southold, the property tax map number of the land is District 1000 -Section 116 -Block 1 -Lot 3. To Mr. Paul Sabatino From Gregory J. Blass November 3, 1988 Re: Fort Cutchogue (Baxter Farm) I hope the above information is adequate. If you should need additional data, please do not hesitate to contact my office with your requests. Thank you in advance for your cooperation. Very truly yours, Gregory J. Bl Legislator First Legislative District GJB/eg cc: Supervisor Frank Murpny, Southold Town Southold Town Board File: C~rchaug ? ~ S. C. Legislature • • ~ 0 SUFFOLK COUNTY ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION NASSAU COUNTY ARCHAEOLOGICAL COMMITTEE INCORPORATED UNDER NEW YORK STATE EDUCATION LAW P.O. Drawer AR, Stony Brook, New York 11790 (516)929-8725 (516) 671-6641 January 22, 1987 D 0 ,IAN 2 7r'c.?ffT D Francis Murphy, Super-vi.>or• Sor.rthold Town _ T~MERVISpgS Town Hall _ ? ,q`,ty ~ ~ICF Main koad ?J~ " Southol dd, N. Y. 11.971 3 llear• Mr-. Murphy: _ Southold Town contains il*r~epiac~able archaeological resor.irces which are in danger of being eradicated forevE?r. l"he Ba.;t:er• cite just south of the Fort Corc:haug site and the Fort. itself ar'e a few among many e>;amples. As you.4,now, Southold contains nurner-or"IS ponds, creeks, estuaries, and bays which attractr?d Native American<.a to live here as well as Lrs today. "these cultural resnur-ces should be sur-veye_~d and placed on a map so that when an area is considered for development. and found to tae archaeologically sensitive, an Envir"onmen'ta1 Impact:. St~r'r.ernent including archaeological survey be required by Town governmenk. The recent incident in the Town where= an irreplaceahl.e historic house was demolished be?cause= therE+ was ruD -f own pr'ac;:~ss to alr~rt government to the situation looms over us. E<,st hlamp'ton 'T'own has r"r~c ently had sr.ac:h an aY"ChaE?S:71 Ug1 Cal !31 't E" assessment made, arxJ Thomas k'rtsmer, Ccammissioner of k3nvircanmental Protection for Brookhaven 'T'own, uses 'the SCAA Cultural f~tesources Inventory as at base for assessing cultural sensitivity in that Tawn. The Inventory is housed in the labor•atar'y of I)r. K:ent Lightfoot, Anthropology Department, 5UNY-Stony Brook: (r','2-7E,^0>, Many notable sites in Southold Town investigate=d I:ay f~oy L."atham anrJ oche=rs are covered .irT early 2pth ce.rTtur"y r"c_~pcar-ts by t:.hr-~ PJ.Y. State Archaeologist arrd in Vol. lI of IOLAI'- !>eY"SeS, The Coastal Archaeology Reader. Oe.tr Voa. VII:1, The Historical Archaeology of Lang Island: The Sites., }3i hl i.octrafahy Seaet.i.nn cc;ntair,s CL.Iltural. RE?soL!r-ces ;Eitarvcay l:i.stinga fete nnl.y f5 sitr_~s bc~;;;idet~ the .CoLU~ty Forks in the Town. -this is regrettable, because t.t;err_ ar-e many mores sen!aitivcz area, then t; l,i.s, .and mutt, d;=vr-~lopmc=nt i.n the Town to c:Ir_>st:roy important sites t;efc:,re they ;.trc> F::nown t.o t=* ~ist. We Lugo you tea implE~mr-.-r,•t a Town za•'c:haeoaogi.raa !sit.:e asst=se>n:ent as soon as possi. bl. e anti t.o assign one branch of Tnwn goner-nment tea req?.rir'c? arrhacroingi.cai. re!sourcE?s survey ;n the k=:.:(.5. lor-c,cr.=ss„ ThE~ fL,p:.ur'e of f:his portion of Tower hist.ury is :in yc-,(±r' hr,.r:(:Is. Ei i. r,c {.~rel y, ? ! . Donna !Ittu=.ct,-h:ie:~nkei, f're=,i.deni_ ~ T Readings in Long Island Archaeology and Ethnohistory n In¢aducvon / GaYnell Swoe 1 A S G The Evoluuoa of Shianecock Culture - e - - John Strong ~ t0- - C I1. A Doeumennry HisTOry of the Shinnecock Purples 57 ~ How Ne Land Was LaY / Jobn Strong _ Readin "w Lan Island Arthaeol avd E[ Invoduraon S) P~ 6 ^87 bvohtna7 lVOlume vll The Documm¢ rNi, i Com apd Cw¢ for Arcesual [apds 67 ~ - I THE SHINNECOCK INDIANS: Th o~aP ivoi °°6 73 ~d A CULTURE HISTORY Th< Proptina¢ eireN and d,< Propriem¢ rat<N Away: Thr cross sheu - came of 1859. Docummud 2oa N - Edited by Gayndl Aone The Land Defended: The Cove Realty Case / Hamrn CNDI+rn Brown Gumbs ll8 rr No Man's Land, SouNampwn /Henry S. d/onlry 130 ~-s , - - ~,r _ 7Ne Reurvadon tends / GaynNf Stone 133 ~ ~ ~J ~ Records of Ne Shinnecaek Ttunen / Toby T. Papagtrorge 131 D ' _ Y•-_,~"~"~~' lndiao Remrds Book No. L Apnl 3, 1792-May 3. 1793 - lag O • • _ ~-0 ItWlao Accords Baot No. L 13}1833 US J ,y, ` ~ Y~ ti - Indian Remrds Boot No. t. 1880-1908 162 N \ _ ~ ~',~,~r Indim Rcnrds Book !JO. 5, 1909-1950 ~ l7k Q ` Indian Rmordt Book No. 4 ADnI 5, 1950-1983 208 I1~LV `~,~i. ~ The $hinnmock Ttttnee Syuan 1792-198) / Luo .N: Soong and i'6 (D - ' `.~9J R:+r F. Holmberg ~ - s c - Shuc.:,,ppin8 ate Sea: Shinnecoct Whak¢ in the SevmtmnN C<mury / Jcnn Soong _ E - Documm¢ 235 to / Origins and Parly Developmmt of Shore whaling i36 N v Coats Shoes. Com, and KeNa: The Early Contne¢ 1670.1671 Sal i 1 3 Colonial ReguWUOn of Short Whaling Contrac¢ 1a6 \ ~ Shararoppin8 dte Sea ii9 yi' j' _wy, ,,~,r~.z, "~~u<_. Ill. ~1a[eria! sad Viwal Ezprasion oflhe Shinnecnck 265 _ it s Ma and Lan . t " _ ` q drape o[ Ne Shine•mot Through rime / Cwynell Stone 263 to ice' Mu<nal Culturt / Cm)aN! Stenr and Joxphinr SmitA with Akre Bunn .BlonineL nSl ~ Nameu Cnppm Brown Gumbo atW Alin Tbompmn Phillips ~ ~ Shipnmact Indian Duct Decari / Robert S Gemnt Jr. 197 A SUFFOLK COU\'fY ARCHAEOLOGICAL.tSSOCtATION ShiOnmock CAUadpn / GaynNl Stone ~ )00 Fpotum[ic Acnvid<s / Caaynelf Stm< and Eu4enr CuJfn 30) N O Shinnecak Demognphy /Guy+vll Stone lpg n Shionaat Familin /Eugene Cu/jee and Guyndl Sranr 311 ~ [V. Ethnographic Studies of the Shinnecock 33l eo Shinneaock land Ownership and L'ze: Prehiswnc and Colonial InOU<nces N on Modem Adapuve Modes / Ron Olds<fd Hayes 111 A Case of Culwral Continuity: The Shinomack Kinship System / Rose Oldfdd Nayer 136 - The Shinnrcxk Powwow / Harvry G (audio - , ~)45 ' The Cimuian Story: "We'll Float Tonight or Well Go w Hell!- / - - Camiyn Edand Brown, lilvvnuons by Oavid Bunn Sik/os 361 Series Editor. Gaynell Stone Levine The Shinnecack Tribal Qral<f Project / Phorogrophs by IVirkbmn Numer 10p Other Volumes in the Series: Vol. I -Early Papers in Long Island Archaeology $ 10.00 postpaid Vo1.II -The Coastal Archaeology Reader $ 20.00 Vol. III -The History and Archaeology of the Montauk Indians $ 20.00 Vol. IV -Languages and Lore of [he Long Island Indians $ 20.00 VoI. V -The Second Coastal Archaeology Reader $ 22.50 Vol. VI -The Shinnecock Indians: A Culture History $ 30.00 Suffolk County Cultural Resources Inventory, .1978 $ 4.00 Prehistoric Indians of Long Island -Student Series $ 4.00 Volumes arc available from: Suffolk County Archaeological Association P.O. Drawer AR Stony Brook, N.Y. 11790 and the: Nassau County Museum Old Bethpage Village Gift Shop Suffolk County Historical Society Weathervane Shop r ~ • ~ _ THE INCORPORATED LONG ISLAND CHAPTER 'H. NEW YORK STATE ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION ? P. O. BOX 288, 80VI'FIO'LD, N. Y. IIB71 Organised fn 1928 - Incoryorsted is 19L9 *6~ a :~,f' - G b •k ~ ~ . k ~ ~ I F r+aaa~oH~" Alarch 28, 1986 Southold Town Flar+.ning Board Southold, I?ew York Attn: Air, Bennett Orlowski Jr, The Incorpora+.ed Long Island Chapter, ;Iew York State Archaeological Association (Southold Indian Piuseum~ Board of Trustees has passed the following resolution: Whereas, rare consider the Historical heritage of Southold Town to be worthy of preservation; and 7lhereas, the Southold. Town Planning Board is in the process of updating the Southold. town Master Plan; and ';;hereas, Southold Town has within its geographical boundaries FGRT CORCHAUC lo'ca.ted on the upland west of Down's Creek; and whereas, this fort is located on property designated as A_C, Resolved, that: FORT CCRCHAUG' be designated on the Southold Town N;aster Flan and that steps be taken to prevent accidental or purposeful destruction of this landmark. Resolved, That this resolution be presented to the Town authorities and to urge upon them prompt action in this matter, Sincerely, G~,~--_. , Walter L, Smith President cc: F,J, i9urphy, Supervisor.,, _!.S • CUTCHOGUE-NEW SUFFOLK HISTORICAL COUNCIL Cutchogue, Long Island, New York 11935 ~ l L. ~ E~: ~ ` s ` FEB - 41986 ~ ? I i'~,_ ~ ~ ~'~w,~ ~r s~sur..=:~io February I986 Southold Town Planning Doard Southold, N. Y. Attn: Bennett Orlowski Jr. The CUTCWOGUE-NEW SUFFOLK HISTORICAL COUNCIL Board of Trustees has passed the following resolution: Whereas, We consider the historical heritage of Southold Town to be worthy of preservation; and Whereas, the Southold Town Planning Board is in the process of updating the Southold Town Master Plan; and Whereas, Southold Town has within its geographical boundaries FORT CORCWAUG located on the upland west of Down's Creek; and Whereas this fort is located on property designated as A-C. Resolved, That FORT CORCNAUG be designated on the Southold Town Master Plan and that steps be taken to prevent accidental or purposeful destruction of this landmark. Resolved, That this resolution be presented to the town authorities and to urge upon them prompt action in the matter, S~ c,e r e 1~ William Peters Trustee Cutchogue-New'Strf-fo-l~-k/-Wi storica-~1-~ C~ounci 1 cc: F.J Murphy, Supervisor - - l.C'~j raAR i i TC''JU~3 C; = ~ ~JTu©LO CUTCHOGUE-NEW SUFFOLK HISTORICAL COUNCIL Cutchogue, Long Island, Nev York 11935 y~ 6 March 1985 ~,,,rl /J Mr. Bennett Orlowski, Jr. ~ ' Chairman, Planning Board ~ , Southold Town Hall Southold, L.I., N.Y. 11971 Dear Mr. Orlowski: I appreciate your interest in our efforts to preserve the portion of the Baxter property in Cutchogue on which ancient Fort Corchaug is located. In response to your request for additional information about this pre-historic Indian fort and its location, I have enclosed the following materials: 1. Minutes of the meetings of the Committee to Save Fort Corchaug held on Dec. 28, 1984 and Feb. 22, 1985. 2. Roster of Committee members. 3. Article on Fort Corchaug, New York Times, May 27, 1984 (pinpoints location of fort on Downs Creek). 4. Chapter One from "Pagans, Puritans and Patriots," by Warren Hall. It highlights the history and significance of Fort Corchaug and includes a map of the immediate area. At our 22 February meeting, Mr. David Emilita of the Planning Department was most helpful and encouraging in outlining how the Baxter property would be treated in the proposed Master Plan. He stated that the acreage is currently zoned for two acre parcels and that the wooded areas and wetlands along Downs Creek would be designated open space and passive recreation in the updated Master Plan. If this open space designation is not changed and ultimately is approved by the Planning and Town Boards, Fort Corchaug will be preserved since it borders Downs Creek. _s.,__ . • ~ ~ ! Mr. Bennett Orlowski, Jr. 6 Mareh 1985 Page 2 The Committee members and I thank Mr. Emilita, Supervisor Murphy and you for your cooperation and assistance in preserving this valuable historic and environmental asset of Southold Town. We look forward to confirmation of our efforts when the Master Plan is approved. If I can be of further assistance, please call me at (516) 73~-6507 (weekends) or (703) 821-0216 (weekdays). Sincerely, am s Grathwohl C irman ommittee to Save Fort Corchaug ec: D. Emilita F. Murphy t ~ ~ ~ • ' THE COMMITTEE TO SAVE FORT CORCHAUG Minutes of Meeting on 22 February 1985 . A meeting of the Committee to Save Fort Corchaug was held at 3:00 prn in the Southold Town Hall, Southold, L.I., N.Y. on Fricay, 22 February 1985. In attendance were committee members Dr. Ralph Solecki, Virginia McCaffery, Myra Case, Frank Bear, James Grathwohl, and John Halsey. William Peters was excused. Also attending were Frank Murphy, Southold Town Supervisor; David Emilita, Southold Town Planner; and Mitsi Goodrich, Southold Town Historian. The Committee had requested the meeting with Mr. Emilita to determine how the Fort property would be treated on the proposed master plan. Jim Grathwohl, chairman, gave an overview of the historical significance of the Fort and why it should be preserved. It already is on the National Register of Historic Places. The map of the Baxter property was reviewed and the Fort was pinpointed on it. Mr. Emilita stated that the Downs/Baxter property is currently zoned for two acre parcels and that this classification would remain. He further stated that the wetland, and woodlands along Down's Creek would be designated as open space and general passive recreation in the proposed Master Pian. This area comprises a band approximately 2,000 feet deep running the length of the creek. If this parcel designated for open space is on the Master Plan when it is approved, Fort Corchaug will be preserved. He also stated that h;r. Baxter would not lose his aquity in the open space as tre would be permitted to cluster homes in greater density on the remaining property. Mr. Baxter would be required to indicate his plans for developing the entire parcel when he applies for evan a ;ninor subdivision of the northern fifty acres, as he has indicated he plans to do. The Town would develop covenants and rescriciions on the property at that time. Both Supervisor Murphy and Mr. Emilita expressed their support of the committee's efforts to preserva Ft. Corchaug. Since the meeting, Planning Board Chairman Bennett Orlowski, Jr. also has expressed his interest in our preservation efforts. • ~ ~ S Page 2 ' March 4, 1935 It was agreed that we wait until the Master Plan is available for public comment before having another meeting. We would then Graft a case study using all the planning and preservation tools available, i.e., clustering, Peconic Land Trust, tax incentives, covenants, restrictions, etc to show Mr. Baxter how he can most effectively utilize his property while preserving Fort Corchaug. We hope to meet with Mr. Baxter in April. The meeting was adjourned at about 4:00 pm. Dr. Solecki conducted a tour of the Fort site following the meeting. The mounds, trenches, pits, etc. are still very recognizable. The Committee to Save Fort Corchaug is gratified that the Fort site will be preserved through land use covenants and restrictions. We sincerely thank Dave Emilita, Supervisor Murphy and the Planning Board for their interest and support. Respectfully s witted. J rues F. Grathwohl • ' • CUTCHOGUE-NEW SUFFOLK CHAMBER OF COMMERCE -CUTCHOGUE. NEW YORK 11935 March 14, 1985 Southold Town Board Town Hall Southold, N.Y. 11971 To Whom It May Concern: The members of the Cutchogue-New Suffolk Chamber of Commerce have watched with interest the efforts of SEACOM to promote a publicly owned electric utility in the town of Southold. We understand that apre-feasibility study will cost only about $15,000, and we feel that it would be money well spent. The businesses here in Cutchogue-New Suffolk are being hard hit by the quantum leaps of LILCO rates. We fear for the future as the cost of elec- tricity continues to rise. We want to go on record now as an organization of business/taxpayers supporting this project. - Sincerely, \J Phillip Loria Secretary PL:bp _ _ Z-(v_ f~ THE INCORPORATED LONG ISLAND CHAPTER r' NEW YORK STATE ARCHAEOL061CA1 ASSOCIATION S- '.ti P. O. SOX 288, 80UTHOLD, N. Y. 11971 ' Ocgattlaed fn 1925 - Incoryorated Ia 19L4 ~7 _..•.F i.~c yw iau m , . ' r --.-......_T~. ;i 4, ' ~ ii flit //4 t ~ V"~1r41b ~..y, v 2•i'evL~ Supervisor Francis ~:urphy Towm Hall Southold, let-r Yore. 11971 Dear Supervisor ^urphy: At the request of rant' me?:^_bers of the inc. Long Island Chapter of the New York State Archaeological Assln. I would lii:e to bring to your attention the need to preserve Fort Corchaug located on the west side of Downes Creel., Cutchogue. 'i'bis archaeological site has been entered in the National Register of Historic Places since 197L;. It is one of the four forts on tn.e east end of Long Island occupied by the Indians in the late woodland period, and must be preserved for poster- ity. It is iTCpcrati ve t'~at the 'l'oom ~ s ,aster Plan acknowled„e its existence and make provision to insure that this historical landmark remain in its natural state. Sincerely, ~ f i~~~i ~ Att7. t~ i FEe • Association of Suffolk County Historical Societies THE ASSOCIATION OF HISTORICAL SOCIETIES, MUSEUMS AND OFFICIAL COUNTY, TOWN AND VILLAGE HISTORIANS OF SUFFOLK COUNTY, NEW YORK Robert D.L. Gardiner Wallace Broege Averill Geus Evelyn M. Ellie David Overton Honorary President Preaident Vice -President Secretary Treasurer 7RUS7Be5: Joy Bear Donald Weinhard[ George Pinckenor Walter A. Saxton Eleanor Passbinder Southold -Shelter Island Islip -Smithtown Southampton -East Hampton Huntington -Babylon Brookhaven -Riverhead May 3, 1984 ~a ~ r Mr. Francis J. Murphy ~~r ~ PEV Supervisor, Town of Southold Town Hall 1' t ~AY - Q Main Road Southold, NY 11971 Dear Mr. Murphy: The Board of Directors of the Association of Suffolk County Historical Societies would appreciate your support for a move to protect six acres at the site of Fort Corchaug, near Downs Creek in Cutchogue. We would like to see it designated as a historic site on the upcoming Southold Town Master Plan. Fort Corchaug is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. We join the Cutchogue-New Suffolk Historical Council in urging that this last Indian fort on Long Island be commemorated by making the site a limited-use park, or leaving it as open space. Locating the six acres is important, too. The Cutchogue-New Suffolk Historical Council undoubtedly would be glad to give you guidance in placing the six acre tract on the map. Thank you. Sincerely yours, Gt/~c~.H. cu. Wallace Broege,President WB/ma cc/Virginia McCaffery, President Cutchogue-New Suffolk Historical Council Atty. _Ce File l ~~~~u ~ I~(S L~ObC JUL 2 01979 CUTCHOGUE-NEW SUFFOLK HISTORICAL COUNCIL Glrtchogue - bong Island New York 11935 40~ QF SQV~OLp nn ~ , Q vvvvv lT~ / %~.C~Jf1 x EE% I`/./// ~ Drlg. - Ai+Y'. ile ~ • ~ s CUTCHOGUE-NEW SUFFOLK HISTORICAL COUNCIL Cutchogue - Long Island - New York 11935 I'ebruary 12th, 1979 µ ~~-~-1 ~ 199 *Tr. Albert ?>rartocehia ,_,~Q~ Supervisor Town Of Southold °~'ain itoad Southold, ,T,v, 11971. v' Dear Tom. ?:rartocchia ; pr_ behalf of the ^,utcho~ue-*Telr Suffolk gistorical pouneil I ~,vish to than'_s you `or chec?c received in the amount of ?500.00 to.:yards the maintenace of *istoric ^difices on the grillage ^-reer_, utchogue, Lonr Island, ?*e;v york. :?ith kind personal regards, sincerely ni mn /rr7 y+-T^'-'• T '!~T '•rn ~ i •n E - rn S r' - OI,"' FI , r,: a:~ 0??r: ,,ITS ~ U l L~u(~~ 'L1 G-n Joan Rowland rresidert. TTR .IORK S.r • 2~JJ vm D p ~ ~ ~P s9^'D RE~'~ NEW YORK STATE PARKS & RECREATION South Swan Street Bldg South Mall, Albany. New Vork 12223 In brmation 518 474-0456 Alexander Altlrich. Commissioner January 30, 1974 Chairman Southold Town Zoning Board Town Hall Southold, NY 11971 Dear Sir: Alexander Aldrich, the State Historic Preservation Officer, has asked me to notify you that the Corchaug site, Cutchogue, in Suffolk County was entered on the National Register of Historic Places on January 18, 1974. If you have any questions about the National Register, I will be happy to answer them for you. Sincerely, Lewis C. Rubenstein National Register Supervisor Division for Historic Preservation LCR/das STATE: Form 10-300 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (Rev. 6.72) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NEW York COUNTY: NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Suffolk ' INVENTORY -NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY DATE (Type all entries ~ complete applicable sec ions) ~j 7. NAME i -/G rn^!(~ COMMON: Fort Corchaug site ,C AND~OR HISTORIC: AdFnj'~r/~ 2. Locaz_roN ee..a so continua ion s ee. STREET ANp NUMBER: North of New Suffolk Avenue, west of Downs Creek CITY OR TOWN: CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT: 1 Cutchogue Rep. Otis G. Pike STATE CODE COUNTY: CODE NEw York Suffolk lU3 3.CLASSIFICATION. CATEGORY OWNERSHIP STATUS ACCESSIBLE (Check One) TO THE PUBLIC ~ Yes: ? Oistri ct ? 6ui lding ? Public Public Ac9vi sition: ? Occupied t ® ResBicted ~ Sits ? Structure Private ? In Plocesz ® Unoccupied Being Considered Vnresiricted ? Object ? Both ? ? Preservation work ? F.. in progress ? No ~t PRESENT USE (Chock One Or More en Appropr}n!e) -~t ? Agritulturol ? Government ? Park ? Tranaportofion ?Comments (t: ? .Commercial ? Industrial ? Private Residence Other (Spac!!y) F, ? Educational ? Military ? Religious ? Entertainment ? Museum ? Scientific laxid_nntzTSed 41 d.OWNER OF PROPERTY WNER'S NAME: -1 William J.'Baxter, Jr. £ (a m STREET AND NUMBER: (v Nassau Point Road p t,T CITY OR TOWN: STATE: r:ODF n Cutchogue New York 036 x 5.; LOCATION OF .LEGA.GDESCR7PTION COURTHOUSE, REGISTRY OF DEEDS. ETC: O Suffolk County Court House C o STREET AND NUMBER: M S CITY OR TOWN: STATE GOOF ~ x Riverhead New York 036 6 ;l2E PRESENTATION fNEXISTING SURVEYS TITLE OF SURVEY: 2 Archeological Sites Inventory, New York State Division for Historic P es ~r i n DATE OF SURVEY: 19'~ ~ Federal State ? County ? Local y s DEPOSITORY FOH SURVEY RECORDS-. C I Z T, New York State Division H' a r- STREET AND NUMBER: n'~ O Parks and Recrea ion STATE:• CODE r CITY OR TOWN: U Alban H (n • Form 10.300e UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR srwTE (JBIy 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NeW York NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES COUNTY INVENTORY -NOMINATION FORM Suffolk FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY NUMBER DATE ~COI16PU8(t OU SheCI) (N~m+bw e71 sntrlse) Please note publishable location: Fort Corchaug site Southwest of Cutchogue Suffolk County, New York GPO 931~T 34 • _ ~ • 7. DESCRIPTION (Chock One) ? E>roe llent ? Good ? Fair ? Deteriorated ? Rains Unexposed CONDITION (Check One) (Check One) Altered ? Una tiered ? Moved (3t Original Site DESC RIpE iNE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (lf known) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE The Fort Corchaug site is situated on the north for]c of eastern Long Island. In a dense growth of brush and trees, the site lies about 2000 feet north of Peconic Bay on the west side of Downs Creek, approximately one-half mile south~tiest of t e village of Cutchogue. Like other contemporary structures, Fort Corchaug was located near a spring which produced a constant supply of fresh water. There was, of course, easy access to water transportation. The locale was suitable for habitation as well as defense, Archeological investigations were made at this site between, 1936-1948, at which time the important features-were sampled by the test trench method. The major pori.ion of the site, however,) has not been touched. rn The fort was oriented nearly north, south, east and west in m an oblong outline. The walls measured 210 feet in length north _ and south, and 160 feet east and west. The area enclosed by the fort is approximately three-quarters of an acre. Lines of. wall Z construction are attested to.by slight rises in ground level. --I Archeological evidence shows that Fort Corchaug, like others ~ of its period, was of log construction. In this instance, the f ud; sides of the fort were not similar. The west wall slanted outwa d~ while the north and south walls seem to have been fairly sfrafgh't. The east wall was double-palisaded for at least three-quarters 1 of its length. Remains show that some light living shelters may - have been constructed against the fort walls, o z It is apparent that Fort Corchaug was erected purely as a defensive measure. Occupational evidence was found in negligible amounts north of the fort, to a slight degree within the fort, and in greater abundance south of the fort, indicating that the Corchaug village was located south of the fortification. The artifact assemblage indicates that the Corchaug Indians] had relationships with both. Europeans as well as other Indian tribes. Both the Dutch and the English knew of the site. Europ an objects found most likely represent trade items. Of the Indian- manufactured items, the most significant remains were the potter . The Corchaug ware resembles that of the Shantok tradition. This give: clues to the relations between the Corchaugs and Indians of the ew England mainland. There is also evidence that the Fort Corchaug area had been occupied prehistorically. However, research to-date has only de It with the historic component. I SIGNIFICANCH PERloO (Check One or More ea Approprie(e) ? Pre~Cobmbion ~ ? 16th Century ? 18th Century 40th Century ? 15th Cenlory ® 17th Century ? 19th Century SPECIFIC OATEt51 (I/APPllcwhle ondKnomn) c. 1640-c. 1661 AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE (check One or Mare pe APProprlore) Aboriginal ? Educoti on i ? Poli ticol ? Urban Planning P rehistori< En eerie Reli on/Phi. ~ ? Other (SPeci ly) ? ? 9i^ 9 ? 9' Historic ? Industry losophy ? Agriculture ? Invention ? Science ? Architecture ? Londscope ? $wlp turc ? Art Architecture ? Social/Humen- ? Commerce ? Litero to re itarion ? Communications ? Mill tort' ? The etcr ? Conservation ? Music ? Trc nsporto Lion STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE "The fort, at Cutchogue, Long Island, is a contact period. site of some size and importance, ar.d is the only site of its ]:ind z thus far known on the island to receive archeological attent'~on. ~ There is evidence that the area of the fort may have been oc up - prehistorically, but research to-date has dealt only with th historic component. All of the forts on Long Island seem to hay u been more or less contemporary, dating from the middle of th- ~ seventeenth century. Fort Corchaug, however, was most liY.el~ ~ occupied prior to the middle of the seventeenth century, as lie first settlers at this end of Long Island (ca. 1640) found t e F" fort in place. z Both the Dutch and the English. were known to have visited th - site on various occasions. This is substantiated by the num)~er of European objects found in the site. It is assumed that t 'e w various artifacts represent trade items. However, nearer to w New England than~the Hudson River, eastern Long Island wa more influenced by the English, than by the Dutch. It has been tY,eorized that the mainland Indian cultures of Connecticut and Rhode Island, least distant from eastern Lon i Island, had much to do with the shaping of the prehistory and history of the Corchaug Indians. This is reflected in the pottery excavated at the fort, which, for the major part, cl se: resembles that of the Shantok tradition of Connecticut. Remains of Fort Corchaug and associated artifacts help suppo t the theory that the forts were used just for defense, with t e habitation areas outside of the fortification. The village as probably made up of semi-permanent residences with the inhab'- tants dependent on a horticultural, in addition to a hunting and food-gathering economy. An intact historic Indian fort site, Fort Corchaug is the on y one thought to remain of its t}'pe. Evidence found at the si e has been important in determining a relationship between the Corchaug Indians and European groups, and between the Corcha~gs and Indians of the New England mainland. The site further h lp: nfirm-methncts~ n-aad-~h~--l~tri'T~g sFy~ef See continuation sheet I Form 10-300a NIT ED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTER sT~TE • (July 1969] NATIONAL PERK SERVICE 2 NATIONAL REGISTER OF NISTORIC PLACES COUNTY INVENTORY -NOMINATION FORM Suffolk FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY NUMOER CATE 8. Si nificance (Con(;nua(;on Shec() (Nwrbs, ol/ enfrles) the Indians. An almost completely untouched area, the site holds great potential for future exploration. 1Ralph Solecki, "The Archeological Position of Iiistoric Fort Corchaug, Li, and its Relation to Contemporary Forts," ' Bulletin of the Archeological Society of, Connecticut, Jude, 1950, g. 5. 690 921sT 2A ' 9: MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REf ERENCES ~ - mith, Carlyle S. "A Note on Fort Massapeag." American Antiquity. July, 1954.• - - olecki, Ralph. "The Archeological Postion oflHistoric Fort Corch ug, LI, and its Relation to Contemporary Forts. Bulletin of the Archeological Society of Connecticut. June, 1950. . 70. GEOGRAPHICAL DATA LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE COO ROINATES LATITUDE ANC LON GI ~YUL COOK DiNATF,$ DEFINING A RECTANGLE LOCATING THE PRO~EPTY ~ DEFINING TNC cEr:Tdft POINT OF A PROPERTY R __O F_L ES$ THAN TEN ACRES _ _ CORNER LATITUDE LONGITUDE LATITUDE LONGITUDE Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds Degrees Minutes Seconds Nw 40° 59' S3" 72' 29' S2" NE 40° 59' S3' 7~ 29' 42" sE 409 59' 37" 7~ 29' 42' ~ APPRO%IMATE ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PRO ERT N LIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES m STATE: CODE COUNTY CODE rn STATE: CODE COUNTY: CODE Z STATE: CODE COUNTY: CODE N STATE: CODE COVNTY: GOOF "I 'll. 'FORM'PREPAREp.BY C NAME AND TITLE: n ORGANIZATION DATE TT~~.y Jul 1973 - STREET ANU NVMBE R: 1~L~3' Q Parks and Recreation, S. Swan Street Buildin z CITY OR TOWN: - STATE COOL Albany New York rn 'iY. STATE=C.IAISON 9FFICER C~RTIfICAI'ION r.NATIONAL REGISTER VERIFfCATION As the designated State Liaison Officer for the Na- tional Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law I hereby certify that this property is included in the 89-665), I hereby nominate this property for inclusion National Register. in the National Register and certify that i[ has been Avalual ed accord inq to the riteria end procedures set forth by the National Park Servsce. 1'he recommended level of significance of this nomination is: Director, O!liee o! Arched/o&y and flis toric Preoerverion National ~ State ~f Local ~ Dire Name ATThST. State Historic Preservation Officer Title Keepor of The Nafi anal Register Date Late GPO 9lI•a94 • ' . ~ UNITED STATES ~y _ DE AFB: MENT OF THE INTERIOR`-'~--~~~=,~ - ~`s~ G OLOG]CAL SURVEY ~u~~~k-~'-t;s,~-~'t{ --~?"U-~"'~~`' o 72°3tY0 C~ rll~^E. I Ol/TC/IOGUE (JUNG. N.Y ?3/ 0.8 ML _ 2) 41°~d ` TT-7TH-CTS T ~~'-7rk _ 4g1 °s aZ ~.`o ~tvOrth~ForM ~ i, ,M...r 1 i~ro i~ CUTC. EIOCCJ l: flA Rjt. - -~5 r53 e 1 ; 6 Ccyn ry Club c`c-J.~. .c`~ 4f J~ ~ W: / I f f p i~^ t ( r Jf I/ n i 's41°0°^N. 7 OldCove 70 59 3 ~ " JG ~ ~9~~~ ~ r ~SuffOfk~°~ _~<'-Yacht CIu6 - 'o n ~ ~ t i ~ ~ to 1'~ i NEW SUFFOLK ~ ~ ~ ~ 'y~ II ~ S. ~~r~AtE n f' 61 0 I ry• ~ ~ ~ r a' i 1.1-1 u f ~ i~ Kimosener 1 ~ 4F+~ ~ ~ PL ,:'i 1~.30li i a SI 0 U ~3 H 0 Ii, r J A' IZ T ~~i ~P., A C 1s' -~-r,=' r~ - 1 . a ~ s C ;--ems, 1_ ~ r;.~ 1~~ k._ ~ ~ : a J~1 t: 1.-R o b~l n~ i s l ~a n t Js ~ c J~ r~ 'Fs so-~, ~ ~ * \ e ~ - .V ~.i Jl. ?a r6 ~ - 5T3EY'- ~ e . al O 13 IO 9 rS I ( I ' U J1 i r5 1~~ L/~ L~,r-la~~ • ~ G ~.,~~~;.,ac,~e5 ~ ~ /~S ~c c-i'G °~f • s~ . i :!!t'i f' ft~'' ,~y~~ BULLETIN ~ OF THE i 1"'°~ , ~~f~ ARCHEOLOGICAL SOCIETY ~~IS ~r ~ OF CONNECTICUT ~y,~ ~;t^, NUMBER 24 +.C?w; i ~ w1 J • ` it ' m,.. 0 i~.i• <i'' ~~N( x., a,~ ~i;Y';; <:;i. . The Archeological Position of Historic Fort Corchaug, L. L, and its Relation to Contemporary Fgrts by Ralph Solecki ~ Review of "The Boylston Street Fishwier II" ' by Howard R. Sargent 41 a :7 , s, v:~ i :fi,i Price Oue Dollar s^ . PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY Irving Rouse, Editor YALE I'EARODY, MUSEUM, NEW HAVEN Y a _ June, 1950 w :s ~ 4, ~ N (.I .,+.-.r...y.. u F ~ ~ f THE ARCHEOLOGICAL POSITION OF HISTORIC FORT CORCHAUG, L, 1 „ AND ITS RELATION TO CONTEMPORARY FURTS i by Ralph Solecki' I' ~ CONTN~JTS E ~ Page ~ Introduction 5 , The Custom of Fortification 5 Forts in General 5 ' Fort Construction 6 The Aree B , The Indians B Relations oP the Long Isle nd Inaia ns to those oP Southern New England 8 Relations of the Long Island Indians to the Colonists 9 Tne Ee stern Long Inland Indians 11 f The Farts 12 Manheasatt Fort 12 i Shinnecock Fort 12 Montauk Fort 12 Fresh Pond Fort 13 Oorcheug Fort 14 Eaploretion of sort Corcheug 15 i The Eacavations 17 Features 1 and 2 18 Palisade Dit ohea 19 Summery 21 The Specimens 21 . . Aboriginal Pottery 22 i Wampum ~ . 28 Abor Sglnal Stone Artifa ots 29 i Pigment Stones 29 Aboriginal Bone Work ~ 29 ' European Trade Niatarial 30 Trait Lists 32 I Treita of Culture Pound et Fort Corcheug 32 Numeriael Liat of Art ifaats . 33 Summery and Conclusions 34 Appendix: Identif iaation of Illustrated Artifacts 35 Bibliography 37 ~ 'A thesis in Anthropology presented to the Faculty of Political Soience, Columbia University is partial fulfillme nL of the requiramenta Por the degree of Meater oP Arta, 1949. 3 qrs. tii.a'el'i"`.tic ~Y1,. p . !r'rza, ~ ~i~y,"•~ j. FIGURES r q:rtt~3n tq."..17 J4 '..l `~S;vl "rfyy 1~~ ~f d~ y, /j a 6,~xr ~i r. Page ~~~i~"`t f t Kt8 =1~4$"«~}}~".'~;'g~'< 1, Relative Location of Fort Corcheug and the ar ~ i'!!Y? Contemporary Forts on Eastern Long Island i ~sda"3~?~" and in Connecticut 13 t ~ 'ti t~ s t~ e~l.,`':~~.(~r,~ y}'t,i 2. Fort Corcheug, Cutchogue, Long Island, New York , 15 Ka~~~p lj+Si '',-t' 3, Plen of Fort Corchau ;~~"LL'"`+'~~b~ xi.~'~' 4. Excevatian E et the Southeast Corner of Fort Corcheug 1 ~rt~_i~~, z6!ep r{p•., 5. Plan end Profiles of Feet ure 1 16 +~~>~.rvq~;~~r~~~p~, ~ri`i{;~ 6, Plan and Profiles of Feeture 2 18 + t ~ , i_p`~ { e, " ~ rY fix. 7. Profiles of the West Walls of Teat Trenches 1 and 2 19 .1Vyp;t'lk4';~, 1 m; f r ' g, Profile of the North Well of Test Trench 3 9. Profiles of the East Wall of Test Trenches 9 .l„i,.,.,,,~: ~;u7 4 end 5 20 y q f~;'~j~p 10, Profiles of Teat Trenches 6 and ~l j ;~i+'r, ;~i~. 11, Shantok Style Pottery Vessels ~t.y~e ~ i r u: 1. x + l- 12, Potsherds of the Shantok Style at Corcheug 22 .'r~.~tn"",rJu at ck e ' n 23 +t;`^~ "k,~i r.. 13, Potsherds of the Corcheug-Shantok Hudson River i ' v~r L+ Yw Iroquols, and Miscellaneous Styles }~~~1"a~.M.. rw 4 , 25 tr f~ ~i,•..;if!? ~ i;11 v 14. Miscellaneous Pottery , • 26 u'.,j t}r i 15. The Menufe eture of Wampum 27 1r' r l w,;.J 16, Aboriginal Stone Art ife cte 29 nr~_' , 'xm ? + 1 1~, Aboriginal Bone Artlfacts , :J 30 ,r +`?'1 5,f;.1 18, Aboriginal and European Artifacts oP Various Materials 31 ,.~f r } t , tlj:. « y Y V r ' .:I:.' ~ rl I 1 1, N,:~: ~ ; ' . r' r~ I I ~ { 1 r: I . r«; r . z SOLEC$I: ARCHEOLOGICAL POSITION OF FORT CORCHAUG 5 INTRODUCTION Thle study is en application of Lhe di- to the contact period on eastern Long rect historical approeah Sn archeology Island Ss comparatively meager for reasons. (Strong, 1935) to the problemof determining ateted below, Aroheologioal wrltinga on the cultural position of a seventeenth nee- eeatera Long Island reveal many gape Sa our tury Indies .Port site on eastern Long knowledge of the aboriginal oulturel history Ialend, New York, The hlatoric position is between the periods of the obscure pertioularly emphasized here, ae a logical Orient fooue (Ritchie, 1944: 227-35), the. forerunner to the future eatabliahment of earliest known culture, and the Amegaasett links with the unknown prehi at orio le vela, finds (Saville, 1920), the latest culture, The fort, et.Cutnhogue, Long Island (Fig, dating from the latter part of the aevea- 1: 1), is a contact period aiteof .some Leenth and Lhe earl size .and importance, and. is the only. site oenturiea, There is nordoubttthetitghheemaia- pf its kind thus.far known on the isla nd to land, principally eeatera Cohnectiout sad receive archeological attention, One other Rhode Isle nd, whioh are lee at distant from contact period fort site of contemporary Long Ialend, had much to do with Lhe shaping age, Marsapeague, has received some recent of the letter's prehistory sad history, It attention (BUrggraf, 1938; Smith, 1944), but is with the ho a of orientin the information about it is still inede ante, P 6 Problem 4 and of thereby furthering archeological re- Not only had the Cor cha ug fort been written~n Long Ialend that this paper is visited by the Dutch and.Engliah, changing tae Eadie as' mode of life end beginning the The materlal_POr _tha__,rep9a~.was ee- processea of eoeulturetion, but it is very cured b the likely Lhat Lhe inhabitants had been nub- Y threarfold_metii2d_.p~arsge- ological reseaLCh_ln._Lhe field, in the ~ected to acculturation from an aboriginal laboratory, ehd in the__library, The work souroe not long before, Thie ie reflected progressed ihtermltteatly from the yeere in the potter's art, whioh had changed to 1936 through _1948,__ the Shantok style es 6eaoribed by Rouse (1945). Exemplea oP Lhis pottery are too Conaidereble stress was placed on the numerous to be peased off as trade pieces, nature of Lhe Cutohogue Portificatlona, However, while 'Corchaug vessels resemble because a search through archeological Shantok is general outline end pattern, yet papers on the Northeast coast shows a look there are variations in Leahnique of deco- of ration which must be aoaounted for, The Good fort descriptions, Th9_ScpT~haAg problem resolves SL se 1P about the question even has not been__Lotaliy_e~cpasated, nor viz: ere the variations in technique on e~ importentiin lthepe st imetion ofetheewriter, foreign pottery (Shantok) local in nharac- were sam led b__t tar, or are these techniques also ezot ia? obtain apfeir app a sa~r6hehaltehc~The Documentary souroe materiel pertaining areepreaenteddbelow undereExcavatioaefort THE CUSTOM OF FORTIFICATION F_rt Construction prehistoric times, as Squier (1850: 10) I From the writings oP the earl ea- says, although fortified towns, albeit oP Y leaser numbers, had been known since Burial plorers oP North AmerSce (Hodge, 1910: 470- Mound II stage (Ford and Willey, 1941: 357). 1) and South America (Matraux, 1947: 103, According to Ford end Willa 119), we know that variousgroupe of In- s y (ibid,: 357-9), ~ diens on both continents at content period Period of unrest during the Iaf:e pre_ I dates had some knowledge oY the erection oP historic period is evidenced by an inareeaed i fortiPioationa for the defense of a village, StewerdoPlfort ified towns in Lhe Southeast, Thera is auffiaient ev idenae to prove that seded villa ge~oP7the Northeastehadhit soli- the idea of fortlfication.wasnot a.. origin in the Southeast in a specific type ~ ,~.uropean introduction, Por, apart from the of war complex of the Circum-Caribbean oul- notea of early obaervara who saw the for. of Stations (Swanton 1 tore, to which Steward thinks the Southeast ere ample archeologioel9 eta 4which~ind State is re leted in general oulturel configura- Lhe prehi st of;q_n@ture pf these atr uuture s, east tin the Northeast, as in the South- , here aeema to have been a similar It seems to be true that defensive situation of unrest toward the dawn of_.his- I measures requiring a community oP effort torYr with various tribal groups jockeying were taken by aborigi nel pe oplea in late position, This was especially so among the agricultural tribes (Hadloc k, 1947: I i •r..m.i c. .a . , 1 • 6 ARCHEOLOGICAL SO CIETY OF CONNECTICUT: BULLETIN 24 nent~positi onht ward the gends held a domi- villa es paper ~ era used synonymously in thi: Defensive enclosures ceted on some high and co were usually lo- In Low country, the ID°'a nding ground, A tYPical Now E on some dry knoll Y were mainly sit ue tad settlement of~the nglend aboriginal c of streams aerved~tor else where t by Palisades late period was surrc lend securit he banks were the scatty ~ed,swie the palisade wel position, Security was the watchword the selection oP a f in the dens, speaking for a gwems and small ga were quick to °rt site, end the Indians Permanent residence amore or less semi- strata ac take advantage of an horticultural nd dependence on a been foundluca le, A Pew Port' Y natural food in addition Lo e i~ pop sli ht iPica tions have ge thering economy, This tr untinR mid at of swam s g elevet ions in the eCOnomy was common throw h if old most impassable where dense forests and el_ Provinces of New g out the litto. protection Prom marshes offered the I 287) says that a England, Willoughb Narra discovery and attack, ndSUCh re veels mention of utwent of the literetu~ were the gensett fort at Kin early ex Y Indian forts t rr~ Rhode Island, and the Mersa a 8ston, land betweenetheand colonists in New En I.} Masaepea qua, Long Island, p ague fort et number would Yearn 1605 and 1676, 9 seem to be too few, Bea udt In pearl (1893: 511+ one oP the students of clone YYall en see, the forts were in 200esucna works, estimates that le aert gi proximit to unPa cling supply of earthworks were he water, auoh as copious springs or running Lhatrvers in Naw mentioned b al i streams, Gateways opening toward YOrk• Tooker (lggg~ the rule these were,.fort orl 13 tribes on.Long Island had ah were also and in soma cases guarded passages ~'l ikely, lla ce oP re PU a this is not Present, g , and it The fortiP ioationa described in this f' paper are of F_rt Con et_~ru~tl=n ` the earlier forte construction, Many of sim 1 in New England were P Y circular in she pe, while in late prehistoric end historic times With few in architecture r innovations ,joined in eaceptiona, ell the (r7 bastioned fort, produced the re etenguler end the work oP natives ~'1 Lhat the ba stionssheihad(observed lonhse veral For the erection of theonstructing the P° forte were the result of instruotion by 1°rted that the Ind' Palisades, it is Fallen tree ~ ns burned logs out o whiten, which changed the (Beaucham ' king a fire every three pa Beauchamp (1905: 11 Pattern somewhat, P> 1905: 113-14), This would g showed the Indians the suae oP athehbastionh a log le agth(oP BB 11910;1 and the and Cartier Hod 5 feet, Champl: English built Ports end blockhouses that some fort iPicetiona o471) had obse rv~ for them, There is et least one account of 20-fO°t hi h f-the Iroqua is 1 f;r' a white man supervising Lhe construction of g walls, and one in pa rticuler an Indian fort in New England, highq(Beeuchaminterlacked pe lien des 30 fee p, 1905: 113), eluded insketches of early Ports are in- One of the earl Nicholas Visscher`e ma York area Y observers in the New England (yin ache r, 1651) One is of°Naw portin ` Van der Donck, (1656; 1 cular fort with one overly ir- g on one type of fort constructionre fi` passage of the Peed entrance groundhlar first they lay along on the F' other shows a ba stione d, Ia ngular forttof ge loge oP wood a the Mehicens with a smaller logs upon the 1 ' nd frequently protected entrance serves for a foundatioaoofr logs' which sage, Beauchamp (1905, P1, Pas- then the work, They ai drawings to Van der Donck, 4) ascribes the Place strong oaken palisades Sn the ground on both sides of the foundation upper ends of which cross Looking through the literature on t ~1°ined together each other and tee aub,ject of aboriginal .fortifications ones In the upper orossing of finds a dls + treeya lisades they then place the bodies o1 j ing to Lewiserlnyhis descriptions ofAblock- ' whichgures sthia Lork strop = houses, atoc kade s, Beauchamp P1 g and Pirb end forte (Lewis, 1906; in Plate his YPa °f construction 204), a blockhouse was a simple structure, doublenwNew York°f "Aboriginal Use of or heavi all (1905)• This made a A stockade waste. ed dwelling place of logs, , the foundation of blockhouse with a have to be des which did ao around it and ~ palisade 111-12) au P set, Beauchamp (1905: above ' a fort combined both of the features, with block houses et two °r multi le ggests that Lhe earlier forts had more corners, P wells of this kind constructed of Clearly, with few eaceptions slopiB~ Lhebbrs, interlookad at Lhe to j the aboriginal version does not fit any oP wide , these dePin itions• ese in the shape of en invert e, Y , yet, the pelise de with V• A kind of gallery was convenientl G archaolo houses is evident enough both uP for defense on top oP this well Y set To Bice lly and from the early accounts, missiles could be stored there for' and 7 preserve some flexibility of definition use, One set oP imme diatc the phra sea "pelise de forts" and "pelise dad for the triple pa lies delof was ne ce ssery poste (Beauahamp, 1905 P1 interlocking + 10), It was z. ,+ana_ - ~a ,,a~ SOLECKI: ARCHEOLOGICAL POSITION OF FORT CORCHAUG 7 possible to dispense with the poatholea en- that this explains the Finding of palisade Lira ly in such a construction, es the wide traces without trenches or embankment a, Da se made the palisa da self-supporting, Beauchamp (1693: 49) says that x'hea the Ia- With Lhe introduotion of Eur opeen tools, it dieas obtained spa den and area, "some of the baoame easier Lo dig poatholes for the sin- Indians quickly adopted the European stock- ' gle palisade row, wh ich. was made reasonably ede, as in the Esopus war in 1663." stout, King Philip's Sort, built in the latter Sometimes, instead of digging separate 4ue rter oP the seventeenth century is the postholea, a circular or rectangular plot oP great swamp at South Kensington (Kingston), ground was marked off and surrounded by a Rhode Island, consisted of a double row of narrow trenoh about three feet deep, which Palisades, flanked by a great abatis, out- . Held a single row of posts set clone togeth- side of which wen a deep ditch, The ditah er (Willoughby, 1906: 126), Concerning this was crossed over by a single log which letter mode of fortification, Philip Vincent served as a bridge, A clay well was built (1638: 105) writes that the Indians in New within Lhe palisade, At one corner of Lhe England pitched together as close as they fort, a gap the length of one log was left ~ could young trees "as thick as a man's thigh for en entrance pa asage, The entranoa pas- or the ce if of his le g,^ These posts were se ge wen defended by a wall-constructed 12 feet high aDOVe the ground and were block house, This letter feature was oar-. rammed down about three feet deep with "un- tainly a recent innovation in New England, dermining, the .earth being ca et up for their es no references had been heretofore made to better shelter against the enemy's dis- blockhouses' in tte construction of local chergemsnta,^ By the "undermining," it is Indian forts, This fort, covering about certain that Vincent meerit a ditch, Le three or four sores, was built under the di- Moyne (in Swanton, 1946: 436) makes mention rection of "Stone Well John," an Indian oP a ditch dug is a circle around the site, engineer and blacksmith, with the possible 1n which goats were set to give an overlap- aid oP a renegade white men (Ellis sad ping entrance, a common practice, Vincent Morris, 1906: 150-1), It had flankera sad (o cit,; 105) writes that there were blockhouses Sn addition around the palisade, ! "loopho Iea^ between the "palisades," through which the Indians shot with their bows and A feature of aboriginal forte not often arrows, These loopholes may conceivably mentioned is Beauehamp's (1893: 49) obser- have been Formed by the irregular matahing vetion that the Indians often left a tree of undressed logs when placed side by side, inside Lhe fort es a lookout post, Loopholes were also hewn out in later times (Beauchamp, 1905: 114-15), Underhill (1638) These palisade structures were no one of the first Indian campaigners, writes doubt adequate defense for the Indians in that Lhe palisaded enclosure of the Pequots aboriginal times, and provided security for - at.Mystic, Connecticut covered about en their women and children, They were, how- acre, and according to his illustration, was ever, no match against the guns of the circular with a single peli Bade of pointed colonists with their European industry and poste, The entrance was blocked with "e rmes talents in waging war, As a matter of faot, of trees or brakes," or boughs and brush, as Van der Uonck (1656: 197) has observed, when defense required, There were two open- the palisaded village did more in3ury than inge at opposite aides where the walla LhedEuroit proved to be a death trap, To overlapped, allowing only one person to peen, war was a deadly business, enter or leave et a Lime, This Porm oP According to the reports of colonial writ- beffle entrance was a common mode of con- ers, Lhe Indians made "war" in a manner of atr~etion throughout the East, speaking, though not much else, Denton (16'70: 9) writes: ".,,in their wars Lhey fight no pitched fields, Dut when they have Thus, from several sources it may be notice of an enemies approach, they endeavor deduced that there ware several methods of to secure their wives and children upon some making the fort, the mesnsdependent on Lhe island or in some thick swamp, and then .with native ingenuity and equipment, The sim- their Funs and hatchets they waylay their pleat form of barrier erected was that of enemies, one lying behind one, some another, upright posts, with or without a supporting and it is a great war when seven or eight is embankment of earth at the base, The wall slain," To Captain John Underhill, the mer- plan was either a kind of circie or oblong, cans ry soldier of fortune who saw fighting when Prae oP natural determining factors on two continents, we owe this prize of There were several rectangular forts in the scorn: „ they might fight seven years and southern New England eras (Hodge, 1910; not kill seven men: they come not near one 471), although the circular forte prevailed, another but shot remote, and not point blank Squier (1850: 82) observed that en embank- as we often do with our .bullets, but es ment of earth derived from the ditches was rovers end then they gaze up in the sky to made purely of necessity in erecting and see where the arrow falls, and not until it supporting the pa lisa ae s, He thinks that is fallen oo they shoot again, This fight with the introduction of white implements, is more for pa stize than to conquer and sub- laborious propping became unnecessary, end due their enemies" (Underhill, 1638: 4C-1), ' 8 ARCHEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF CONNECTICUT: BULLETIN 24 THE AREA Long Isla ad was long reoognizefl as the ~ of the lend (pdams, 1918: 13-14•). The "crown of New Netherland" by the Dutch presence of mills and dams on streams of (Jameson, 1909: 307). The Dutch, because of early days, streams Lhat now hardly exist their proximity, had batter control of west- et certain times, are testimony to this ern Long Island, which is edjace nt Lo rya nhet- fact, Thompson (1843) refers to the tract ten Isla ad, while eastern Long Island, be- between Segg Pond end Mecox Bey, now all cause of its neernesa Lo the English settle- firm land, ea one of the princlpal marshes me nts is Connecticut, suffered incursions by of Long Island in his day, There were many Lhe latter, Eastern Long Island, including kinds of fish end anir..als on Long Island at Gardiner's Bay and the lend adjoining, was Lhe ti~:e of European colonization, Denton known to the Dutch traders as "Crommegouw" or (off, cit.: 5-6) writes that there were deer, "Cromme geouw," or "crooked district" or bear, wolves, foxes, racoons, otters, musk- "country" (0'Callagha n, 1856-60, 1: 360), rats, end skunks, among other enima_l s, "Cr ommegouw" contained a oonsiderable shallow There were plenty of wild fowls including inland aea,whoae tidal oreeks, inlets, end "turkie s, heath-hens, quails, partridges, bays, indenting the shore line, teemed with pidgeons, crows, geeses of several sort a, all kinds of fish and shellfish, as to some breasts, ducks, widgeons, Leal and divers 'i extent even today, Tne principal waters ere others," known Prom west Lo east es Greet Peoonic Bey, Little Peoonio Bay, Gerdiner's Bey, anc Block Denton writes further that Lhe Indiana Zalend Sound, Tne Dutch, long before the on Long Island, like their neighbors on the English nettled thin region in 1640, den- me inland, lived mostly_by hunt ing,_fowling; oribed the land as Pair and fertile, The end fishing, The women_tilled..t he.land end Dutch recognized that Lhe greater pert of the took ogre of the farming, However, Lney, wampum, which could be used for fur exchange, lived moat ly upon fish, fowl, and venison, was made here, Tienhovea (1n O'Calla ghan, Dentonedds with a kind of distaste that the 1856-60, 1: 3ti5) in 1650 celled this region Indians also ate "polecat skunks, racoon, the "mine of New Netherland" beceuae•of its possum turtles and the like," ~i good wampum, We know that the white colonists brouf~ht In this low, comparatively flat terrain, the commoner farm animals with them, There broken only by morainal hills, the tidal were horses Sn use at Southampton es early creeks end water areas are gredue lly being es 1642, as recorded in the records kept of enoroached upon and silted in by the advance that settlement, II, ~iI THE INDIANS ;i ~i ~ Relations of Lhe L~ Island Indians to Speck (ibid.: 210) assumes tnet some- thosa of Southern New England thing more than mere social relations existed between the eastern Long Island In- dians end the southern New England group, The Indians of eastern Long Inland ware He conoludes that the original southern New ,i G,~ more closely related in a general way to the England aborigines probably came in from Lhe k southern Naw England groups in materiel and Hudson River area, working eeatwerd along C non-material culture Lhan to the western Long the southern border oP Lne more primitive Island Indians, Speck (1928: 210) notes the and nomadic Wabonaki tribes (Speck, ibid.: aimila rity of various eastern me inland groups 222), to the eastern Long Island Indians, The Mohegen-Pe giiot invaded the Con- Uafortunately, theLOng Island Indian Hectic ut arse bordering Lhe Long Island remnants lost their language before Lt could Sound in Lhe early 1600'x, drove a wedge be recorded in detail, According Lo Speck down between the east and west Nehantic, E ~ (ibid., p, 214), However, enough linguistic end made enemies of the Narra gensetts to the data are extent to show the closeness of the east in Rhode Island, The earlier he bitet language of Lne eastern Long Island Indians of 'the Monegen cannot be traced tnrough to those of the Ne rragansetts of Hnode Is- identities of speech with Indiana in the , land sad. the Mohegen-Pequot of Connecticut, vicinity of the lowerliudson, even with soma ~ The southern New England die lectic•group ex- knowledge of Lhe Pequot end Mohegen dialects s tends from Lhe western boundary of Connecti- Speck (ibid.: 218) auppoaes Lhat, failing to cut ea et to Me ssechusetts Bey end also in- find ethnological evidence to link them with oludes eastern Long Island, other E,roups, it might be said that they had i i. ~ SOLECKI: ARCHEOLOGICAL POSITION OF FORT CORCHAUG 9 ! formes a local group in Connecticut, or per- discussed below, hops 1? the little known region of the upper Connecticut River in central Massachusetts, Even after the destruction of the Taking the letter possibility, Speck supposes Pequots power, the Long Island Zndiana~xere that this group could have eapended end not free. from the fear of invasion, as is broadened its territory to eh extent which in attested by a deed dated 1640 which included the eyes of their ne ighbora practically a provision that the grantees, the Eng_l iah, amounted to an invasion, Rouse (1947, p. 23) "shall defend us the said Indiana from the negates this hypothesis on the grounds that unjust violence of whatever Indiana aha 11 no Shent ok ware wea found in these locales, illegally assail us" (Howell, 1867: 450), other than trade pieces, end suggests that It is not known whether this provision was they ea en ethnic group originated along the the result of a demand by the Indians, or archeologically unworked upper Houset on is whether the English inserted it to clinch River in western Massachusetts, moving from the bergs in. However, it is a fact that the there into southeastern Connecticut at a Narragansetts succeeded the Pequota ea the late date, oppressors of the native Long Islanders, de- mending tribute, Whatever the origins of the Mohe ga n- i Pequot were, it Sa known (Gardener, 1638: 137-8) that the Indians of eastern Long Is- land were under tribute to the Pequota some Relations of the Long Island Indiana time prior to 1637, when the Pequot War broke to Lhe Colonists out on the mainland, Wyandanch oP the Monte uks added his forces to the English to wipe out this sore spot; he joined Ceptein The position of the Indians cehhot ba Stoughton three days after the battle of fully understood without some knowledge oP Mystic and was present et the swamp fight, the early colonial history of New Englsnd The defeat of the Pe quats stopped the payment end its borders, The lives of the early of tribute to them, The Long Island tribute colonists were interwoven with relations to formerly paid to this tribe was thereafter the "heathen" or "wilden" men, It is Te- prasented to the English as protectors and gretable that on eastern Long Island, no de- "rightful receivers, tailed descriptions or observations were made of the natives, other than fleeting refer- The Pequots who were captured after de- ences to be found in the township records of feat ih 1ti37 made poor servants end slaves the several early towns, It is fortunate, end could not endure bondage, Meny of the however that Gardener had made some now in- prisoners were sold at different times or valuable notations of Indian life while be- taken to the Weat Indies or the "Hermuds," friending Wyenda nch, Those Pequots who escsped to Long Island lurked there and promoted dist urbe ncea be- A historian, Morton J, Pennypa cker, oP tween Lhe natives end settlers (Howell, 1887: Easthampton, says Lhat the records oP South- 168), old town, of which Cutchogue is a part, were were not in existence prgr_to 1651, aocord- Meson (1637: 40) relates that there ia~ to his researches (Pennypacker, 1934). were 180 to 200 Pequots remaining after the The reason there was no record book before war, As a tribe, however, the Pequots were then was that the town of New Haven Con- thoroughly disbanded, Some were divided nectlcut held the title Lo.SOytholdl .un.t it among the Mohe gene and Nerregansetts, and June 25,.1659, when New Haven voted to re- some were sent to the Long Island Indiana lease Southold to those settled there, for their she re of the war's spoils, Cap- After that, Southold became an independent Lain Stoughton went over to Long Island community, Thia statement dispels the no- shortly thereafter to look for wayward lion that early Southold records had been Pequots, but 'dyenda nch "had killed so many burned and destroyed, of the Pequota, and sent their heads to me (Gardener) that they durst not come Virtuslly nothing is known of the peri- Lhere" (Gardener, 1638: 138), It is likely od between 1639, when Mathew Sunderland that only males were thus killed by the leased sorue lend of Tames Farrett, up to Montauk sachem, and that the females were 1ti51 in Southold town, There must have been accepted into the tribe following the many important Indian relationships in this Indleu custom, interlude that were worthy of recor3, For a secona-hand insight into this history, re- It 1s not improbable that the germ of She nt ok pottery originated with the Pequots who were conquered and dispersed among the save rel neighboring tribes, spreading the idea of a new ceramic style or et least mak- ing some innovations in the pottery of their new milieu, The type site of the pottery, 1, Southold was also known as "Yennicot," Fort Shantok, was a historic Mohegen village and was nominally a pia ntation of the site in Connecticut contemporaneous with Fort colony of New Haven (Atwater, 1902: Corchaug, The ceramic considerations are 171-4). e a_„_ ~ • 10 ARCHEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF CONT\GCTICUT: BULLETIN 24 course must be had to the records of the ~ sister townships kept during the period in the writings about Lhe native Indiana, The question, Unfortunately, tt.ere too the Indian was not particularly cared about, ez- colonists were more directly interested in ce pt during scares and wars when imminent real estate transactions than in contacts danger forced him to the fore of the colo- C ~ with Lhe net ivea, except during lndian nists attention, ~ troubles, when the Indian was viewed with' The early settlers had one staunch apprehension, friend among the Indians, Wyandench, se Chem History on the eastern end of Lon Is_ of the Montauks, who was a constant friend lend begins with the Dutch in the 1620'ga, of Lion Gardener, Both watched every shift who were ewers of the importance of wam um Sn Indian feeling and policy on Long Island, in the fur trade, They considered thisp Their watchfulness and skilful diplomacy of their domain, but it was too far to court preserved the sett laments from any serious ;y trol effectively from New Amsterdam and so atteoks, Wyandench s broths r„ however, Poggatucut, sachem of Lhe N:anhansetta end they never made en attempt Lo colonize, By chief sachem of the fade ration, was hostile the same token, the proximity of the island to the settlers, Were it sot for the in- to Connecticut offered ground Por the En- tervention oP Wyandench, who strained his gli~h crown to set up a claim to this terri- power to the limit in befriending Lhe colo- (y for In 1636, Charles 1 requested the cor- nists, they would have been wiped out in the poretion for Naw England, called Plymouth p. Colony, Lo issue their patent to '.lilliam early years, Alexander, the Eerl of SL irling, The patent The colonists had not only the local In- was to include Long Island and the islands liana to fear, but also the Nerra ganaetta of ad,)e ceDt to it, This was done, sad shortly Lhe mainly na, a common enemy, The English after Lhat Lord Stirling gave power of at- promised to defend the local natives ega inst a torney to James Ferret Lo dispose of the incursions by the mainland Indians es early ~1 lends, This grant conflicted with the as 1640, The fact that they denied the claims of the Dutch, who had intercepted a local Indiana weapons or any instruments settlement oP English colonists at Uyster that could be used as weapons the very neat t ,i Bay on the western side oP Long Island in year provsd that they did not trust them, (7 i 1640, These colonists were forced to peek a There seams to be some ~untSflcation for place of settlement anew et the east end of this, because is 1642, I~iia ntonomoh, chief the island, landing at Southampton, The En- of the Narragansetta, became alarmed by the glish subsequently settled several com- encroachment of the English and tried to eP- munities, including Cardiaer s Island, fact a far reaching combination Lo overwhelm ~i~~ Southold, Southampton, end Easthampton them, He made frequent Lrlps to Plonteuk to (Brodhead, 1553: 300-1), Upon the death of persuade his old enemy Wye ndanch to Le ke his Lord Stirling in 1640, his heir relinquished side, end once appealed directly to Lhe war- the grant to the king, Charles II granted riors when Wyandench was absent (Gardener, I' Long Island and islands ed ace nt with other J 1638: 140-4). This plot, as well es a later '~~,q to rritory to his brother James, Duke of York one, was foiled by the Montauk sachem, The Ij and Albany, in 1664. chiefs of the eastern tribes must have be- •!i~li Thus it came about that most of the come more dependent on Lhe English because Dealings of the Indians of Cromme ouw were t'NO Yeera later they~put themse ivea under g the control of the United Colonies for i, with Lhe English, The early Indian lead counsel and rotection (Ba •las, 18 deeds, like all such documents drawn up by It became evpdent that theyEnglish7Peared a the English, were in terms of English law, Dutch and Indian conspiracy, because in I;' Naturally tnis was alien to Lhe customs and 1645 Southampton records an alert, claiming knowledge of the Indians, and the Lwo Lhat the four sachems of eastern Long Is- parties to tkie contraot had different ideas land were influenced by Poggatucut, the K as to its nature, making misunderstandings grand sachem, into an affiliation in the easy, Tae importance of the deeds is that services of the Dutch ega inst the English, they contain the signatures of the partici- It is not known how true this was,"but it ,I pants in the transactions, wherein the names, is reoorded in 1651 that Lwo sailors re- reletionships, and boundaries of Lhe hol a- ported a heavy traffic between the Dutca end ings of the sachems and tribes are learned, Inaia ns in guns, powder, and shot, materiels Incidental knowledge such as Lhe medium of that the English had denied Lhe letter exchange, end specific locations of vii- (Adams, 1918: 79 The English were again lagea, forts, end re aide rce a, including re- alerted and armed, It was Lhe Indiana who h lated intelligence, ere sometimes mentioned, bore the brunt of attack oa Long Island, C however, After the death of Poggatucut in The deeds are included in the Drief 1652, Wyandench was next in line, He in- t records of the several townships, which were curred the hatred of Ninlgret,the auocessor catohells for land transactions, laws, ad- to Miantonomoh of the Nerra gansetta, be- ' monitions, end ob servencea pertaining to the cause he refused to cooperate with him to local townsmen, While the records were not exterminat ethe feeble white sett lament s, conceived as ethnographic reports, con- end exposed the plot to the English (Adams, earned es the colonists were with their own ibid : 6q), This brought war to the P1on- affairs, yet there are constant reminders in tots uks, which lasted several years, nearly W M ' - 1 11 SOLECKI: ARCHEOLOGICAL POSITION OF FORT CORCHAUG ' troubles claimed many victims, It is sup- . destroying the. tribe, posed that an epidemic from unknown sources The English had their own troubles, for had prevailed a few years prior to the 285)d ing of the Pilgrimiteslthatgduring3the year the Dutch and English war oh the continent Gardiner (1841) (1652-54I me de the position of the colonists 1658-59 an epidemia prevailed among the_.In- of both sides extremely hazardous, Un- diens on Long Island whichneerly_ twohthiTds, pleasant feeling arose between them because tive-Ind len population by the English thought that the Dutch under Denton (1670: 6-7) said that in his Lime Stuyveseat were trying to enlist the preju- circa 1670) there were but Yew India ns left dice end hostility ofTheeDutch we ree likewise on the island, According to his obsarva- diens age inat Lhem, tlons where there had been six Lo Dentoae re ' afraid of the English, be ceu ae the New En- were left but two small. villages, gland colonies Yar outnumbered them, The sagely remarked: it had been gene rally's suapiciona of the Enllish were not wholly observed, that where the English oame to unfounded because Stuyvesant was ae cretly settle a Divine Hand makes way Yor them, by advised by Lhe directors in August, 1652 tO removing or cutting oYf the Zndiaas, either employ the Indians against the English in b Wers one with the other, or by some raging case New England should begin hostilities mortal Disease," Denton (ibid.: 6) claimed (Fernow, 1663, 14: 186), The Hampt ons kept aLrict ly alert, as tae rumor pe ssea around that the Yew Indians remain ng were ao way age In Lhat the Indiana were hired by Lhe hurtful but rather servioeebla to the En- Dutch, sad that Lhe Indians had "cast oft glisa," a statement Yrom which we may inter their sachem" (Easthampton Records, 1867, 2: tnet the Indlens may have beoome dependent on tae English, This is a clue to the fate 27). The war was short lived, bersisted, of long Island's original inhabitants, ' troubles with mainland Indians p Representatives Yrom Southampton and Southold went to New Haven to petition Yor arms and The Eastern Long Island Indians aid egalnst Ninigrat and the Narra gensett s, The local Ind ions sad a new scourge, inti- mated in Easthampton records the succeeding One of the earliest references to east- year (1656), when no Indian was allowed to ern Long Island is found in WintWhereinJ her oome to town until free of small pox, Hal (Winthrop, 1630-49> 1: 109) So far ae it is known, Southampton was writes for October 2, 1633 Lhet the bark Lhe only sett lament that was attacked, Un- "Blessing" had been over to Long Island and found that the "Indians here are a very identified Indians raided the place end treacherous people," end that "they sad burned several Houses in 1657. store of the bast wenpampeak, both white and The power oY the eastern Long Island Zn- blue," diens steadily declihed in the second half of The Indians of eastern Long Island made the seventeenth century,' Wyande nth, cnief of frequent visits to Sdew Amsterdam, Hertford, the Monteuks, died by poison in 1659 (Bayles, and sometimes as Yar north es Boston in his- ' 1874: 423). His tribe was reduced to at toric times, 'd inthrop (ib id,) mentions e leeat one-third of its original number by the canoe of considerable length used by them. disastrous epidemic and the protracted war The sachem of the Shinnecoek Indians, with Lhe Narragansetts, The Montauk survi- Nowedonah (W ittanymen), appeared with forty vors sought the aid and protection of the armed Indians before the Director and settlers in 1658, because they had become so council oY New Netherland et Fort Amsterdam reduced end impota nt (Howell, 1867: 168). in 1645 to offer his services against the There was a short lull in the Indian "northern" Indians, who were at war with the Dutch (Hedges, 1890: 40). The assistance troubles on Long Island until Lhe King At given by Wyendench end hie warriors has been Philip's war on the mainland in 1675. mentioned, first, Lhe Long Island Indians were sus- - petted oY conspiracy end uprising, but they The Your eastern Long Isle nd tribes ere were deemed safe after it vres evident that they did not join the enemy, The Long Is- referred to by Tooker (1889: 2) es a lend Indians had their arms restored to them overne drbyyfour brotriers,owho wereyther sa- / by the English, with the exception of tae hems of the four tribes, They were Monteuks and Menhansetts, who had been paying tribute to the Nerregensetts. The Monteuks Poggatucut of the Manhensetts, Wyandanch oY by this time were too week to defend them- Momowetahuof~LhewCorchaugs,ShThe eldestead selves (Fernow, 1883, 14: 692-3, 696-700). brother, Poggatucut, was Lhe principal ruler From toward the close of the seventeenth as the Sachem of Paumenack, "land oY trib- oentury, the Ind ie ns' fortunes were on the ute" or "contributing," as Long Island wee downward trend, They were afYlicte dwith variously celled, This name was derived smell pox, diphther ie, and various fevers, L'r om the fact that it was under tribute £or which practically no remedies were known, to the Pe quota of Connecticut, Lo the Clar- Beceuse of their extrene indulgence in drink- ra gensett s, and to the United Commissioners ing intoxicating liquors, bladder end kidney of English colonists at Hertford et verioua t^- _ 12 ARCHEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF CONNECTICUT: BULLETIN 24 la : times, Poggetucut was the grand sachem of eastern federation cou13 be brought together ~ Pe umanack at the ti:;:e of the earliest set- tlement by the En lish, in a matter of hours, Signals could be been called "Metoac" The isle nd has also from the Shinnecook..Hi11s across the Pecoaic (Hodge, 1910: 851), ~\`Bay to the Corchaugs at Cutchogue, thence The four sachems took under their protection east to the Manhansetts on Shelter Island, ell the other small- tribes on Long Island in end then across Lhe bey to the Monteuks on 1645, ea far west as the Rockaways tribe, in Nomin ick Hills, No record was found of what is now known as Hempstead, Long Island, actual practice, although this method is The villages of Unkecha uge, Secatogue, plausible and likely, Gardener (1638: 142-3) Seta uketa, end Matinecocks are also men- in his "Narrative" cites the use of night !,k tinned The early settlers of the western signal fires by the Narra gansatte over long 11 part of Long Island recognized this oli- distances, garchy, and visited the eastern seat oT chieftainship to obtain the sign manual of Paumanack to their deeds in order that they The four tribes had their chief seats be recognized es valid instruments of trans- for the respective sachems at fortified vil- f far (Tooker, 1889: 2), le gee, which ere mentioned in contemporary, Tooker (1911: 57) relates tnet b smoke records, Nothing more then passing allu- Y sions are given to the sites and locations, 18 signals or fire a, the Pour tribes of the however, i.. ~i tl 1 THE FORTS r7 The contemporary forts (circa 1640) called "Tort hill" there Unfortunately, ! have never been adequately repoitad upon, there is a large dwelling on the hill at Of the four, two have been destroyed (MOR- present, the construction oP which has ep- ~ tauk and Shinnecock), and one is yet to be parently obliterated ell surface aboriginal ~ found (Menhansett) Fort Corcha ug is des- evidence of occupation, This region is e ' Bribed here, A fifth fort, once loos tad et rolling, gre ssy hill country, overlooking Fresh Pond near Hither Hills, was celled the both the Pecoaic Bay and the Atlantic Ocean, "old Sort" of the Monteuks, who had removed to the "new fort" at Fort Pond, p possible lands a barren, treeless, end windswept sixth fort was reportedly located in the Shinnecock Hills (Adams, 1918: 30), i Montauk Fort Q~ Menhansett Fort The stronghold of Wyandeaoh, sachem of :l; The Menhansett fort was su osed to the Monteuks and later grand sachem of ~ci have been located on Se chew's Neck on the Paumanaek, was a palisaded enclosure on the south aide of Shelter Ielaud o top of the hill to the east of Fort Pond Harbor Fi PPosite Seg (Fig, 1: 4). This was celled b the Indians t. I' " ( B. 1: 2) It was called the "New Fort to which the had removed Ma ahomack," signifying 'great stockade from the older one near the foot of Nominick Fa place" (Tooker, 1888), The site is not Hills, Tooker (1888) thinks that the name known, There were supposed to have been Montauk is the descri tive e some 500 Indians there at Lhe time of dis- P ppellation of the cover principal dwelling place, Lhe "k2eentecut y (Bayles 1874: 394-5). Thomas Ferret high-land," as it is called in en Indian deed obtained his Indian title to lends on Long of 1648. The fort is first mentioned in a c' Island from the Menhansett sachem Poggetucut deed for "Hitnerend" of Montauk, dated 1661, (also called Unchenchie , who was also grand ) Tooker (ibid,), visited the site in 1885, sachem of Pa umanack (Tooker, ibid,), and measured the visible outlines carefully, i:j ~ correcting Gerdiner's description in his i "Chronicles" (1841), He round the outlines • Shinnecock Fort to be e "perfect sque re" of 180 feet, The width of the embankment was 6,0 feet and the height was 1,5 feet Tooker found no indi- At Shinnecock, halfway between South- cations of constructions (tower end gla cis) ampt on ahd Shinnecock Hills wee located e ~9 fort about which there is little information such es are mentioned by Gardiner (ibid.), The site had every appearance of the remains (Fig, 1; 3), It is mentioned in lend deeds of a palisaded enclosure, with an embankment, es early as 1660 as the "old fort," Accord- ' ing to Tooker suggesting that the earth had been heaped (ibid,), no trace of this fort against the oelisa des The entrance was Temeined to his knowledge, In a surface close to the southeast angle, The west { survey of this region in 1946, Carlyle Smith front was at the extreme edge of the hill, F end the writer investigated a hilltop, where it slo es abru tl down to the ~5.~ P P Y pond, el c OLECKI: ARCHEOLOGICAL POSITION OB' FORT CORCHAUG 13 i ~ \ ~i ~ I O C O M' T U C K i/ i~ ~ ~ k J ~ j C, ~ PC. I P ~ fly NI\ ~ = I API M ~ I - ~ vv R ~ I I v e,~ H ~I I a, K. \ z I \ I N D I A N S\ ~ I I M A T T A B E S E C \ \ rk. ~ JO I ¢ I ~ \ rv.F ~ v Z I \ 1` 5 / 1 C 0 iN F E D E9 A C Y p , \ I / EA5T 1 WEST ~ NEHANTIC NEHANTIC j\ Soand x-70 ~~,(J i y"/? f5~~,nd N C - . fir. eye" ~ Hwy '~t~ l a ~ J S N w 0~{ PpoS~ r.~ rur tai Fig, 1, Location of Fort Corcheug and the contemporary forts on eastern Long Island end in Connecticut: 1, Fort Corchaug, Cutchogue; 2, Menhensett fort, Shelter Island; 3, Shinne cook Port, near Southampton; 4, Montauk fort, Ft, Pond; 5, Fresh Pond Yort, Hither Hills; 6, Fort Shentok, Montville, In the ihterior of the enclosure were some 40 It is not known at what Bete the Mon- grevea, reportedly Indian, eaoh marked by teuks deserted the fort, but it is known nobble stones, On the outside and in close ;hat there were 180 Montauk Indiana et proximity were 10 more graves, while on the I Eaatnampton in 1761 (Easthampton Records, a?lstively easy hill slope to the northwest ~ 1Rg7. j_(,)_ as ra 3b others, mery iug ~i pia i. ci 15b our l~- els, One of the graves inside the fort was marked "1817-B,R-," Tooker did not qualify Fresh Pond Fort the markings, Tooker also noted many she l- , low depressions on tkre neighboring hill- sides end in the hollows which marked "old Nesr Lhe western extremity of the Mon- oebin sites of the Indians," The only ex- to uk domain, according Lo Gardiner (1841: eavetion he epee re ntiy made mere was wild a j 38 there stood an Indian Sort near a pond stick, with which he poked around in dne of ' calleii ^;~uannontowuuk" by the natives end the refuse heaps, He found an old rusty fork Fresh Pond by the Engllsh (Fig, 1: 5). It with a bone handle similar to those used had already fallen into decay et the Lime of about 1710, The site was also visited by the English settlement, Adams (1918: 30), - No trace of this fort was found in e At present there is no trace of the recent (1947) survey of the area by Smith fort, as a large hotel is situated about and the writer, The setting of the locale re^~= it Sad to°::, ~Cori.F~inal evidence is dense brush and sorub oaks, in a compara- coulfl be found nearbyvin a ahurt survey by lively deserted section of Lon@ Island Weer Smith and the writer in 1942 the Hither (Nominick) hills, ~ ~ _x 14 AHCHEOLOCICh:, S(IC J.ETY OF CONNE^TiCU'f: 3ULLETIN 24 i~ Corcha ua Fort Southold town is listed as 40 Indians ^ypt,,,g and old" (0`Ca llsghan, 1849, 1: 673), One of The Corchaugs inhabited a large terri- the last. Corcheug villages was et Indian Cory along the north shore of eastern Lon Neck, _.,outhold, The Corcha ug fort wee de- Island, eatending from Wading River on the serted prior to 1661 and the "old fields" j west to Orient Point on the east, Tooker ~ were cut up into lots, Apparently Indian (1911: 58) says that Lhe name Corchaug~is de- Neck was lost to Lnem also, because it was rived from "Kehcha uke," meaning the greatest thrown open to cult Svetion in 1719 or p3;inc.lpal plc ce, a refuge for the women (Whitaker, 1931: 136-7). A complaint dated end„children of this tribe, 1.764 was forwarded to Cadwe lla der Colden by least thirteen different waysTofrs ellint the lndiens at Southold, desiring satiafec- r the name, culminating in the present "Cut- lion for, or the recovery of, their lands, chogue," in records dating back to 16 -Their lest stand seems to have been made on s ~ Variations ere almost unrecognizable 4s uch as ti:at reservation (O'Callaghan, 1849, 3: the Dutch name "Cats,jayick," of which we have X92-41. the first record, Not infrequently, the names of Indian tribes would bo spelled Governor Winthrop's bark "Blessing" may several different ways on the same hsve visited the Corcheug fort in 1633,. early recorders, page by James Ferret, on one of his several voya ge a, certainly visited the site in 1639, James C. No records were kept by the earl set- 'diekham Cese, Southold town recorder, men- Y lions in his explanatory note Lhst the first tlera of Southold town, which includes Cut- chogue, before 1651, because this town on settlers of Southold town (cites 1640) had g- found a "stockade Tort" on the east side of inally had its seat in New Haven, and was not Fort Neck (Southold Town He cord s, 1882, 1: 444 autonomous, (New Haven gave Southold its 120-1), The Dutch were also certainly fa- 'N~i charter in 1649: Pennypacke r, 1934:) For ~ this reason, our knowledge of the re ion is wilier with the fort, secretary Cornelius ILj less well documented than that oP the sister van Tienhoven of New Amsterde m, who was pur- towns of Southampton end Ea sthem ton on the pOP+..ed tv understand Lae native language of p the lndiens, was sent to propitiate Momowe is south shore, Present in the records oY these at towns is material relating to the Corcnau s, ~vrchaug in 1647, when St was :.earned that ~ By inference we mi ht su g I lie n6 omu of the Narra gansetts was endeavor- „ lil ~ g ppose that the re- ing to incite the eastern Indians against lations of the Indian population with t:,s the rnglisit :w nd Dutch, Tienhoven was to re- oolonista at the Hamptons held similarly at ~ port whether or not the eastern lndiens were Southold, ~ involved in a cons y F ~ '-1cr: as ells oe etedlbact a ei~st the Set- h One of the fgi rst re i'e rences to tue (0'Cailegha n, 1856-609 1. e79 1iMOmoweta was ~I, sachem of Corcheu and his brothers, also i apparently a powe rful~fieare, tribal sachems, is given in a deed dated April 1648 (Easthampton Records, 1887, 1: 2), note in the Southold town records :,.Ilj &e wss Momoweta, who signed his name to a deed es early ae 1640, Succeedin him was gives a fleeting reference in 1662 to the g fort site in a record of the sale of. le nd p Paucamp,.who was mentY oned in e deed iu 1600 I (Southold Town Records, 1882, 1; 208), Certwaye nt,otthefsp ringeoverkegainst Whemethe Ambuscow, Pa ucarsp s son, signed his name to EEE a deed in 1665 as Corcheug sachem (Pelletran the ~vrt aid stand" (SCUthold Town Records, 1882: 10 , 1882, 1: Liber A, p, 52). p~ ~ h;'.i The relations of the settlers with the No actual use of tae fort for purposes Corchaugs were ene tall oP defence can be found in the literature, g y peaceful but trying for the natives, The settlers here, as else- ,art fJe ck contains about 20C acres of where, first made inroads by building houses choice Yarm land and eatablishing themselves, then bou ht the It was considered so even g in ;~,he se vanteenth century, as it ~.va9 di- land Prom Lhe Indians et their vwn conveni- I vested of wood end ready for immediate till- enoe, For minor misdeeds, many of the In- a e, r~, duns were bound out to the villa e farmers g The Indians were in the habit of burn- g ing over the woods to clear Lhe brush, to solve the critical labor problem in the making the lend desirable seventeenth and eighteenth centuries (JePYer- Case, the South- son 1 old town surveyor in the 1860'x, presents r,' ~ > 940: 25), This no doubt had a disrup- the site of the Corcheug fort as "eligibly ling efPeet on the Indian culture, t:~q and please ntly situated on the east side oP Its ~ No estimates are available of the n the neck, on a declivity sloping towards the ' bars of Corchaugs prior to the colonization, creek, and close by a fine spring of pure v~. Disease and epidemics, coupled with their water, which rises on the shore Just above ' s ware with Lhe Pequots before 1636 and the war high water mark" (Southold Town Records, ' with lire Narra gansetts between 1652 and 16 1882' 1: 120-1), Mr, Case followed the out- reduced their numbers considerably, Tne e59, lines of the fort with Nor, Henry Down a, not- demic of 16 8- v p ing that "the lines of embankment and~the 5 59, which struck down the an- ~ rrerc nee which surrounded the fort. ere s' tauks, must have affected their population I also, In 1698 the Indian I still to be traced," p check of the mea- , popuiation at surements substantiates surveyor Case's f: _ •-•---..-.........-..A...~.d..~.... SOLLCKI: AHCHlOLOGICAL POSITION OF 1'OR'1' CORCHAUG 15 I( set irae to of the area of the enclosure as Fir, John Downs made the observation Lnrae-quarters of an acre. In en interview that as long as he could remember, the north with Mr, Jahn G. Downs (1947), the descend- wall of the fort was the most plainly visi- ent of the original Downs, it was learned ble, that his grandfather, who came to Fort :ie ck ' Sn 1805, had told him that there, ned been a cartway or road running through the fort es Dr, Willism_Wallace.Tookflr,_She..bong ' Snaicated on the map (Fig, 3) and referred Island scholar, visited the site in _18.91 to in the Southold town records (above), with Flr, Henry Downs, He gave the same des- According to his grandfather also, the hole cription as that of Case above, adding that EE in t uenorthea 3t_A Orner of the fort was sup- the land was in heavy timber growth, an6 ! posed to be a "well" (Fig, 3), This hole or that the site had been undisturbed for many p;t Ss mentioned by Case ss an excavation of'' years, He made the laudable commentary that coaaidereble depth (So utnold Town Hecorda, i this historic site should be prase rvedand 1882,-1: 121), fenced (Tooker, 1893), r dXPLORATION 0: TORT CORCHAUG ' ' The fort site is srt oared on the Downs I or nine hours a day, The first eaplora tion farm, on the east side of ^ort. `lock, next. to i of the site began on April 15, Y936 end the Downs Creek, between haute 25 and O13 South is st was done on July 18, 1948. Road, one-hs if mile west of the village of Cu~,chogue in Suff o.lk ~~nty, rt ~s ~ The Humus cover is rather thin and about 2000 x'ea.t norm dedonlo Hay, in a sanay, meesuriup, only about twolnche a-in ~I Haw dense growth of brush and trees, between thlckne ss at the most, Fortunately, this the Downs farm road and r;he creek (Figs, 2, area had never been ploughed or_.disturbed; 31• I otre rwise a 11 the features would have been somewhat obliterated and perhaps totally ~i The fort walls are oriented nearly lost, Where tire humus cover is broken, i north, south, east, and west in oblong out- principally around the fort walls, occupa- - ~ line, The walls ere 210 feet long north end tional debris, mainly broken shells, could so urn, end 1b0 Peet lon€< east end west Tho N area enclosed is close to tares-uuarters oi' en acre, Fresh water +.pi•ings rlse above thy: ' high tide level at se v,:ry1 points on the I bark of the creek belors r. foe T'ha silo P is about 11 feet above the creek at mean see I ~~l ~ i Lerel, There is a h ~ ~;r, r ~ t ;reugb ~ iii ~CdG ca ~ ! tno east wall down io r ^ree ~hios- ~i ~ i~~ ~p~~ ~Et the embankment aroura ,E ort vas tr~oeabla ~ j°%%~~© ~QI I. et the tSme (1937) tna or Asa wa c,lea re.u oft, 'I //'~?5' t ~ ' Tns western half of the nc rth wall was rela- „ ~ ~ ~C ' tively the most distinct, The emhankment ie d,©O ~$y~ ~ ~ © • on en average about 15 feet wide, and about / - 1,5 feet high at the hi ixe et ,~~r~ r^ _ ' g point on the north wall, Several elongate end shallow de- ~ 3~, _ ` .a` preasions parallel the emhankment around the ~i,~ g ~ fort, Tne se were probably the borrow mCd ~ Downs =p• /iii' dilenasainet thech the Berth was iskon to ~ ° _ Creek ~e P 6 palisade posts, / ~ ~ /m . i Tne re is a large nit in the northeast ° ~ i~ ~ ~p~ o:~ ~ s- corner, which is undo ubtealy rho feature ~ y= 9 de Bribed by Case end ilowns (above), The _ on - '-raj "^r.c .artwa ye" is e shallow oatrh still ~ , a runcin f_ _ ~ o son FFgr ~ c:` - ~/N"Fl of ::he Tort through the iiddia ~'!re wa.J. ( FSB. 3 ) . ~ ti.._~ l ' With the except>_on of ~ _ somt, xca signal Peconic Boy--.: as-x.s Lance by friend ~.acluuint Carlyle - Smitl., Fle tt Sohreinex, wan det.:y and Clifford Evans, all of the survey was cons acted by the writer alone, The time spent on 67 recorded Fig, 2, k'ort Corciraag, Cutchogue, Long visithto the site was between two and eight Zslana, tiew York, ' ' 16 ARCF3EOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF CObINECTICUT: BULLETIN 24 c~ ~ ' Test t renches , _w ' Pit ~ - - B c ~ ~ : ~ ~ ~ -:v_ / _ o i r, o r 'r~ t ~ _ E t l ~ u,1 4 C~\ ~W. ~l ~ ~ . -va_ li ~ ~ ~'O' M. N. a' y ~ j 'u.- 3 ~ C qq o ~Tesf trenches ~ -w- ~ ~ =i 1^ 6 ~ ' s `i 1 ....-.,,,.rte FI•,~ E,... , p~ :_r i -,v._ 1; r , ~ ` ! -mom C ~ 00 ' ; O 20 40 60 80 O ~C~' FEET ~ -u~ r 20 Fig, 3. Plan of Fort Corcheug, be seen, Shovel tests well within the in- Mr, Alburtis had turned over two smell shal- terior of the fort disclosed no apparent low shell deposits (Fig, 3, Y), about 12 ~,a signs of occupation, although several scull feet in ^_iemeter several rods south of the pieces of brown glazed crockery, presumably southern fort wall, "Mr, Goddard had made an of colonial origin, were found, No oocupa- excavet ion immediately ad~a cant to the de- tional evidence appeared immediately to the presaion on the northeast oorner (Fig, 3, A), north oP the fort, but a small refuse de- ~-i posit composed of shells was found close to The Alburtis colleotion is now housed Lhe head oP Downs Creek on a little knoll at the h;useum of the American Indian, Heye (notes Laken on April 17, }937). Tne area Foundation, Several rim and body sherds, to the south of the fort down to the bay is very similar Lo those found at Corcheug, ere '~i strewn with evidence of aboriginal occu- included In Lhe collection, The records pancy, principally the remains of shellfish, credit these sherds to Threb Mils Harbor, north of Easthampton, but they are unmis- Two investigators had made small tests takably Fort Corcheug ware, end it is known at the fort prior to Lhe writer's eaplora- that Mr, Alburtis dug et the fort, Mr, Lions, These were a Mr, Alburtis end Mr, Goddard says that he found one restorable Charles F. Goddard of eastern Long Island, vessel of the characteristio style (Shantok- i SOLECKI: ARCHEOLOGICAL POSITION OF FORT COHCHAUG 17 like)., At this writ inE„ his meter iel is in the inspection of the occ ups tional stratum, store ge and unevaileble f'or study et present Heprese ntetive pr ufiles were recorded at (personal communication). Neither of these regular intervals on the trench feces (Figs, gentlemen nave public ned their findings ~-10), Whe ra a new feature appeared Sn e relative to the Corcha ug i'ort, fresh cut, it was taken note of, drawn in profile, env located on a horizontal plan, 'Phe i'ort site was snmpleu at several A totsl of 49 profile section drawings were points with small tact oxcavetions, To get made of the test trenches and excevetiona, soma data on ti;e naturo ul' too fort ii'l cation, Althuur;h upon horizontally exposed features tho walls wuro trs nched across tho it widths would have Da rn better, this method would La the dtlpro usloua oe ulLhar alda, At naU ha vu buen practicable, horizontal a%- nuvurul polo t:r, un lu Lhe :wutheast corner cnvation was attempted on sevtl rol occasions, of the 1'o rt, Ino ro exto r. slue Lest:: were made but the 1'eaturtls ware lens disLinet than LI t.e latter areas, the prepared 1'a ce (1'or when viewed in Pt'~~1'i lo, n ho 11'-inch screen profiles) end beckf ill method of excavation was used to sift the earth, wtri ch was com- wes need, The topsoil was removed prior Lo posed of loose end se nay soil, TfiE EXCAVATIONS A. Excavation made by Charles F, mercation of the dark earth was plainly Goddard, No aete are available, visible in the sterile yellow sand, The content of the ditch proper was dark B, Thls was a test trench, 45 feet ~ earth with an occasional shellfish freg- long, 9 feet wide, end 10 inches deep, It ment and Sit of charcoal, There were two was a little too far west to include Lhe shallow depressions on the surfeoe, paral- pallsade wall, Midden refuse included pot- le lint-'. both sit ches on the inside and out- tery, debris resulting from the manufacture side of the embankment, oi' wampum, end some early colonial trade goods, Of interest wss the jawbone of e The refuse material found in Excavation horse found in situ in Lhe Indian deposit, D consisted of ble ek earth mixed with shells, Droken and cracked stones, animal C, A small patch of shells was tested bones, and aboriginal and colonial materiel, on the south bank of the declivity outside A portion of a typical Shantok vessel (Fig, tY.e east fort well, Tue excoveti.on mea surea 11, e) was found in this trench, 22 feet Long ana 13 feat wide, 'Phe deposit, b inches deep, consisted of dark earth mixed E. In or d'er to eaoortein the sub- with shell 1'ra gme nt s, +dampum reuse and pot- surface features of a corner of the fort, a sherds were found among Lhe abori p;inel me- test (Fig, 4) was made at the southeast aor- teri.al, Colonial artifacts, In chiding trade her, The embankment was difficult to trace pipes sad bits of brown glazed crockery, were also found, Sturgeon, bird, and ;nemmal Dones represented part of the food supply, D, This Le at trench, 50 feet long end r 11 feet wide, yielded some interesting data Shallow A on the palisade ditch, in addition to the i plr___.i specimens recovered, A storage pit, the `"r a only one encountered in the survey, was found ^ Post- ~ • ~ in the northwest corner of the excavation, ~ hoesl~,• r~ Zt •.ves 4 feet deep end 3 feet in diameter 4 •m with straight sides and a flat bottom, The Shantok vessel (Fig, 11, cj was found in this r+ Fire bed pit, the contents of which consisted prin- A $ c ipally of dark mined earth end some shell- O 4 8 ^ I'i sh remains, FEET ~ The parallel ditches for a double pall- ^ sane were found cutting diagonally into the eastern section of the trench, A repre- v"4 ,rv„ sentative cut is shown in ttre profile for' r`+,r n Test french 4 (Fig, 9, tom). The inner ditch was deeper ana larger than the outside diten and ned a definite slope to the east. No organic re:ua ins or eviue nce of the posts Fig, 4. Excavation E at the southee at could be found in the dit cues, but Lne de- corner of Fort Corcha ug, ` lg ARCHEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF CONNECTICUT: BULLETIN 24 ;r i from surface indications, and an initial Ci test trench was ease ssa ry for location bear- Sags, This initial teat was enlarged end ~ it. 'I Secluded in the excavation, which measured ' :r 28 feet long end 18 feet wide, Among the • ~ ~ ~ ~C features examined were eight post molds, ah \ elongate shallow pit, possibly used as a \ borrow pit, a firebea, and a complex system of multiple trenches, some of which were discontinuous, These palisade ditches evi- C • dently formed a pert of tits southeast corner Postholes • c' of the fort and were presumably discontinu- oua in order to form the system of baffle entrances in vogue among the New England Black eorth 'n Indiana of this period, The small firebed, 2 feet in diameter end 2 inches in think- BlOken shells ae ss, ley between Lne two seta of trenches es shown, The post molds within the pall- B' • ~ g .il se de ditches of the fort proper did not seam ' i to follow any pattern in the limited area ~ Posts? excavated, They were strung out over a dis- A ~ d r1 Lance of 8 feat, The largest post mold was ~ - ~ ' 6 inches in diems ter and intruded 8 inches ' ;.I into undisturbed soil, while the smallest ~ • measured 1,5 inches and intruded y inches O •I 2 into undisturbed soil, j' FEET 1 Test Trench No, g• , A 7 (Fi 10 bottom) rk sari 'S e s A' shows a repro se ntative cut across Excavation i,'~' - '~~Yellow~sand ' ;r 0 ~ , ;'Yellow sd'n~d - C ~,.~a \ arc Black earth c l;; Broken shells _ .Yelfotv.sdnd Postholes • Po~'•' Fig, 6, Plan end profiles of Feature 2, rt 'I Fire bed tl g ~ ~ g E from north to south (Fig, 3), The ditches :I ~ were about sn average oP 2 feet in depth and ~,1 1 foot wide at tho top, tapering to ~ inches A Post A toward the bottom, As with the outer ditch- - _ _ es or trenches, the contents of this one were a dsrk-stelnau, ea nay-earth mixture, with o ~I 2 occasional flecks of charcoal, bits of clam ' A r,l, F,E~= A• shells, potsherd n, and similar ems 11 arti- ~ Humus facts occurrin r' \\Dark earth \ g in Lhe fill, The signifi- I - _ _ caeca 6f Lhe multiple palisade ditches is 'Yellow ~sund ~ discussed below, B~ F, Phis excavation was mods by Mr, Dark ea rah - I-lumus nlbm•t. la, of whose fSnda nothing Lr known, uuvc fur the apps rently misln ho lod ::6n ntulc \ ~ ~ - nhord:! In LUu Plu uo wn of thu rlnun'1 un? Indian, - Red sand-Flrobed Ile yo 1`buntlation, , C Humus ~ ~ ~ ~ •Dar earth _i~~ r'e atures_1 and _2 Ye slow sand . . Two features (FihS. I_1 and P'2) wwv 1'u and well outaldu of the south wall of Lhn - Fig, 5. Plan and pro rhos of Fonturu 1. tort, 'I`; -.oy at'e shown lu horl>.uutal and i SOLECKI: ARCHEOLOGICAL POSITION OF FOR'1' COHCHAUG 19 ~~~r ical sections in Figures 5 and 6, They The excavatlons revealed that there was um rieG by she llcw depressions in irreg- no strict uniformity in the depths, lengt ha, ~l lar ovoid shapes approaimetely 6 feet in or re La tionship of the borrow pits or ditches Sle teeter, Six post molds end one fireplace Lo the earth embankment, here found Sn Feature 1, Four of the smell- er post molds averaged 3 inches in diameter A series of five teat trenches wee dug st the top, tapering toward Lhe bottom et en et the southwest corner of the fort (Fig, 3) nvera ge depth of 5 inches from the general in order to determine whether a multiple- level of the shallow depression, The two palisade ditch system ocThere xcevations at 1¢rger molds in the same feature measured 8 Excavation E (Fig, 4). inches across Lhe top diemete r, end extended showed a single palisade wall approach to 7 inches into the subsoil, tapering some- the corner from the north ePnd sent theacor- ~.v;iet toward the bott ot¢, The latter features (Figs. 7, bottom ens 10 to may not necessarily have been post molds, ne r, isolated post molds evidence the prob- ::o evidence of molds was found on the east- ability of reenforceme nt of the palisade rn side of the Yeat ure, Feature 2 con- structure, Multiple palisade features, as _sined seven post molds, of which three were at the so~.tt hee st corner, did not appear 1n ;aestionable, because the lines of demerca- the Lre nc ae s. No oponings in the ditch sys- tlon were ?ot clear cut, The molds averaged tam were found re pre se nting entrance pas- inches in diameter and 6 inches i? depth, sages. Although a search over the horizontal ?'ne floor of the depression for this fee- section might bring more details to light, tuts, as with Feature 1 above, avers gad 8 the trenches excavated there indicate a inches in depth, A small pit 10 inches in simple end unbroken palisade well corner, uiameter and 12 inches deep occurred on the ;,orthern side, The pit contained a cot¢pa et 'eoosit of dark earth end broken she lle. Glean Sand 3oth features contained a general mix- w ~ . E tuts of dark earth end shellfish remains, + 'Tr~ Tr,a post molds did not seem to be in any TTI • . 4 ~ Dlark refuse lens particular arrangement, No molds were ~ E rouna outside the periphery of the features, Dark earth with the eacept ion of one mold outside the W ~..e stern border oY Feet ure 2, No firebed was T. T.2 - ~ ~ present in Feature 2. p i t v LF ErJ Pocket of black These two features may be the remains earth and shells „1 round aboriginal Houses, suoH es were uimnon in the New England area, although the archeological evidence is not as complete es profiles of the west wails of ~Sght be desire a, Zt is pose ib le that there Fig. 7. ueG been shallow-set posts on the pe riph- Test Trenches 1 and 2, ies oY the features which could not be ciscove re d, As noted, the firebed Sn Fee- :ure 1 Ss not ce ntere a, Herrington (1924: The west side seems Lo nave had e ;8-9) found two wigwam sites at the Sebonac single palisade wail, which apparently 3 site, the descriptlons of which Ca11y with 1 these feat urea in part, The floors of the ae sloped outward as inaiceted by the post s aabitations were sunk about 2 feet below the molds of Test Trenches 1 end 2 (Fig, 7). surrounding surface of the ground i? en oval ra o:' stained earth measuring 15 x [0 end 10 x Occupation ref use was found on the inner 15 !'e et, At least one member of the Cor- side of the wail in the low area which very ^.aeug tribe lived in a wigwam type dwelling set in a depression et Indian iJeck, Southold likely naG been the borrow pit for the Sn the early part of the eighteenth century earth embenkme nt ero and the palisade wall (Southold Town Records, 1882, 2: 535). there, Pali s_ed_e_ Ditches Dark refuselens FlPteen test trenches were dug at veri- N S " ous points of Lhe four walla of the forti- oot sot ~ flcntion (Fig, 3) in order to determine and ,~~~Yellow Bond- ap, r?ise the uet ure of the palisade feature, - ~ • ~ ~ Light --s_,y- :;even test trenen prof ilea ere illustrated 0 2 4 sterile sand ~l :r. Firures 7-10, The pe li se de well ditches `~E~ Reddish sond axtena Into the yellow send an average of 5 feet, end average 1,0 Yoot wide at the top, tapering toward Lhe bottom, The full Depth from the ge natal surface level to the Fig, 8, ?ro 1'i le uP cue north wail of .,1 the aitchas nvera gas 2 Yeet, Test Trench 20 dRCdEOLOGICdL SOCIETY OF CONNEC I'ICiiT: 9ULLETIN 24 i Similarly, a single palisade ditch was found on the north side oP the fortification side, Bowever, the evidence wen none too Lion, although Lhe ditch was discontinuous ' clear is the profile, et one point (Fig, 8), Either Lhis was e r fortuitous gap brought about by the arran e- T1Pp test trenches were dug north and meat of the superatruoture of the g south of the large pit in the northeast cor- wall, or some other form of wall arrangement sin le the fort (Fi had been made there, 8 palisade ditch was foundain these sin le Clear evidence of a trenches, It is not known at 6 palisade ditch was found et three present whether other testes points on the north wall, the palisade wall completely enclosed Lhe pit The east wall was doubly palisaded for Thehpit isb20afeetlin odcemeter acroaeethe et least three-quarters of its length, tOp+ sad slopes inward to a depth of 5 feet, There were borrow pits paralleling the wall A teat in the center of the depression gave on the inside end outside (Fig, 9, to 1.5 Peet of dark soil end h The wall sloped outward pert of the wa a was a stratum oP yellow sterile~send,w which a is indicated by the slopes of Lhe lar er and stratum of revel was found A deeper poet-mold ditohea, For purpoeea oP B the aurfaoagof the depression infantaugurw eaperiment, two poste were set in the wall teat, p heavy pie ce of square, spike-sae ed - ditches, one in tae uprigat wall ditch and iron 3,25 inohes long was obtained in thep one in the outward-slanted ditch, It was first 2 feet, No water wen encountered in ~'j found Lhet they crossed eaoh other at about tae test, although the water table may have 4 feet Prom the general surface of tae been higher et one time, The bank at tae top ( ground, It is sot unlikely Lhat Lhe smaller of the pit is about 13 feet sbove the creek, end shallower outside ditch oontained a Tooker (1693) thought Ltat tail nit could aeries of propping poets which helped su ort have been a "store house," and *,hat it wen ort the heavier ale ntin pp within the lines of Lhe fort There is the i p g posts set in the larger inside ditch, Possibility that it was one oP the semi- subterranean sweat lodges used by tae New The complex structure of the southeast England Indians, according to the descrip- I corner is shown is Figures 4; 9, bottom; and Lions of Eva Butler (1945), Its nearness to ~j 10, bottom Test Trench 5 has a three-ditch '"eter and its position dug into the side of arrangement for the posts, end Teat Trench a bank makes this possibility a likely one, ~i 7, a Pour-ditch arrangement, This was rob- A well for water could have been more easily I~; ably Lae system of baffles constructed for dug lower down in the declivity, a more j better defense of the entrance passe ge, but BuasinablNolst onesnforrheatlnrawe re found in f~ it oould also have been tae foundation fen- Pp y. 6 Lure Por a the limited exce vation conducted, but as Fi quadruple palisade, ae described Butler (1945: 14) notes, red hot stones were by Beauchamp (above), There is clear proof rolled into the .I that tae ditches made a rounded corner, The pertly subterranean cells or I;~ openings in the ditches opposite the firebed caves, and in et least one case rolled out may have Served es again before the Indians entered to sweat, entranae Part of a complicated Butler adds that the literature of New Eng- I,± passage, Only a systematic strip- lend is especially rich in references to the 1 ping of the topsoil and careful eaposition therapeutic and religious uses of the sweat 1 and plotting of ell the features will yield house, 1 the final solution, i Anotaer test trencn was made in tae In all cases of test trenching the embankment midway between Test Trencnes fortification walls, refuse deposits, suca and 5 (F1 4 es broken shells and dark mined earth, bones, ;Ij meat, as desoribedhforoExoevation Drrwesa also found Laere, and there was the prob- !y' ability of a third set of posts on the out- I N S ~ ' Broken ~1 ~ . ~ ~ \ \ rk ed\fh ~ E ~ 0 ~ i ~ ~ , ' 'whelkshells~ ~ LT.6 FEET - Charcoal p ~ 2 . ~ _ 'Yellow sand Fire crocked stones T. T.4 FEET N S yam- Shell pocket ~ ~\~Mixed nor ` K`--'-----~-- = ; Yellow \ ft - TT7" ~ send ~ T.T.S p z.\`/ o i z ~F~ETJ FEET Fig, q, Profiles of tae east wall of Fig, 10, Profiles of Teat Trenches 6 :i Test Trenches 4 and 5, and i i' - :54.328Yi`HIG'M~FMS•«...wm~.-w~e....-~_.., • • SOLECKI: ARCHEOLOGICAL POSITION OF FORT CORCHAUG 21 ens similar remains, were found associated reconstruction of heavy outward-leaning posts with the palisade-wall dit chea (Figs, g; end lighter supporting poste on the outer 9, bottom; 10, top) Most of the refuse is side is suggeatea by the ditche a, A heavier ~o be Pound on the interior of the fort in palisade well may have been gust ified on the the borrow ditches, Probably these served as creek side for protection against attack by e convenient disposal place for refuse and water, but it does not appear reasonable, debris, although there is a strong possibil- The complexity of the palisade features at ;_ty that the natives had some sort of dwell- the southeast corner was probably arranged ing arrangements next to the walls, If the to protect the entrance, This contrasts quantity of wampum leavings is any indite- with the simple corner at the southwest-end, tion, much of the wampum was made within Possibly the ditches represent a quadruple walls of the fort, The storage pit in Exca- palisade et the southeast corner which was vetion D has been noted, This pit, within Snterlocked at the top, as mentioned above the fort well, may have been asaoc fated with (Fort Construction), or a double set of pali- e house, whose remains could not be Pound, sa des as described by Van der Donek (also above), This would leave a passage way be- Two other test excavations, 250 feet and tween the two sets of double palisades con- 1000 feet south of the fortification, were forming better to the evidence (Fig, y~, made during the survey, The first of these The firebad in Excavation E may have been wee 20 feet square, and contained aboriginal sit ua tad in the pesea geway between such a end colonial material similar to that found set of walls. IL is evident from the occu- at the fort, The second test was near an old pational remains that tae palisade wells cattle well above the shore line of the marsh, were a favorite haunt, Some form of light which Mr, Downs says was there as long as be shelter far domestic living may have been could remember, It is very likely that this constructed against the walls, although this is the well figured in the Southold Town procedure does not conform with the best „aaords (above), Stratified evidence of two fortification practices, occupational zones wss Sound around this well, The lower stratum is non-ceramic and The Corchaug Indians took oe re Lo set may link with an early focus, while the upper their palisade posts firrly in the ditches is clearly late because it contains Windsor dug around the site, They heaped en embank- pottery, meat of earth a ainst the B posts to hold them better, The posts, however, were not buried Summery as deeply as they might nave been, ned the natives possessed European i~aplements with In Lhe rather sme 11-ace le excavations which to dig the fro la s. The ~uae of Lhe con- conducted et Fort Corchau some ver inter- tinuous ditch for the retention of the posts ge Y seems to have been widespread among .t he In- esting fortification and habitation data have duns just before they acquired better tools been recovered, It is to be realized that many features were undoubtedly missed; knowl- (see Vincent, above), sd ge of tHa ae will have to await future in- It is vory likely, from Tooker's~des- vastigations, cri?tior., that the Tionteuk fort was similar- Ths Corchaug fari was a a_entl bulls at ly constructed, laving Lhe patine de well PP Y with ditch and embankment, Nothing is known the northern end of the Corchaug village of the construction of the other forts in the proper, es ocoupet ionel evidence wss found in area. negligible amount north of the fort, Such evidence was encountered in great abundance south of tk.e fort down to the Peconic Bs No extensive occupational remains have along Downs' Creek, Su Y been found well within the fort walls, It dons were found in thisga rea~nsThe fort was must be admitted, however, that proper teat within easy reach of fresh water su 1 end tren tires have not yet been made there, PP Y Nevertkre le ss, it must not be overlooked that at the same time also close to water Lra ns- occupational evidence is ;net with everywhere puree tion, The pa lise de feature is singular on the surface to Lhe south of the fort, In that its construction was not consistently while such remains are lacking on Lhe in- the same on the four sides, The west wall had been s terior, as et sort Mersa peaE Ue Probably ppe rently so constructed that it the fortif'i cation was purely a defensive slanted outward, while the north end south measure erected in case of need, and did not walls seem to have been fairly straight, The house tce Corchaug village or its residents, as st wall was double-palisaded for at least ;i I'au-quarters oP its length, A Hypothetical freedom'~toyrestrictiontwitn pineenrenclosurede THE SPECIMENS The archeological specimens found at I marital trait list is rare Corchaug are discussed below, A nu- given in the subse- quent section, A ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - .C 22 ARCHEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF CONNECTICUT: BULLETIN 24 Abor ieinel Pottery r i +i' Y Descriot ion, The discussion of the ,p _ ~•L .,~N pottery found at Corcha ug is based on Lhe catalog of 1,028 body sherds, and 165 rim / / j~j/' sherds, including pieces of fillets and ~ nodes, With the exception of four grit- tempered sherds and a very Pew indeterminant ~ pieces, ell the potsherds are shell tempered, •~•.,.,r At least 30 vessels are represented in Lhe collection, o i 2 s a 5 ~.i The diagnostic link between Fort Shentok CM ' and Fort Corohaug is the pottery, To Rouse belongs the credit of first recognizing the Fort Shentok ware ea a distinctive style of pottery (kouae, 1945). He noted the strong ' ceramic resemble ncea of this ware to the O b "aberrant" pottery of Cutchogue discussed by Smith (1944: 57, Rouse, 1945: 6), While it r:, is Lrue that the description Rouse (1947: '.'I 14-15) gives for Shentok pottery holds quite t well for Corcha ug, there ere points of recog- ~ ' ~ ' i ' i~ ~ ~ ~ ' i . i , nizeble difference, These were perhaps brought about by local cultural influenoes, ~ ~J ea we will try to prove here, The principal difference is to be seen in the treatment of ~ _ ~y v_ 1 the exterior surface of the collars, lobes ,;,y Mj and pyramids, ridges, lips, and nodes, and/ (J or those areas of the rim and collar that a are decorated, Rouse (ibid.: 16) observes `7I that no shell impressions have been noted on Sha ntok pottery in Connecticut, while they ii ere clearly in ebunda nce on the Corcheug pottery, Shell impressions at Corcheug may be a carry-over from the shell-stamped pot- tery of the Ivfe nt is stage of the Windsor style (Rouse, ibid.: 20-1), Therefore, even ~ ~ though, as Rouse says, Sha ntok pottery "has !~I to be considered more homogenous than the L~,__ _ - i, ~,i others," there ie evidence which seems to show local cultural influences on this ware et Corcheug, Shentok pottery consists predominantly 1 of globular, smooth-bodied, castellated, and Fi 11, Snantok t le square-mouthed shell-tempered vessels (Fi g' s Y pottery vessels, g. e, b, front ana profile view of small vessel, 11, c), The decoration is restricted to the c, restored vessel, collar end rim, while the exterior and in- ' terior of the body ere smooth surfaced, The sherds nave a soapy feel, probably due to the large amount of shell Le er in which ever, Occasional inclusions of quartz and occurs in flakes up to b mm,~plongg~with an hematite particles ere found, average length of about 1 mm, The pottery Re gas ing the dii'i'i culty of identifying say be finely or coarsely tapered, accord- methods of shell tam area j~~ ing to the amount end the fineness of the P pottery construc- tion, iiyera and Johnson ;1y40: have said, shell particles, In the more coarsely tam- "very little concerning methods oI' construc- pered pottery, Lne shell flakes in the core tion could be determined from a study of the are generally aligned parallel to ti:e outer shell tempered pot tery,^ The surfaoes of the were, As far es could be that the ;~ort Corchau, Possibility identified, the predominant material in the ~ Pectured hinges on one finds of ansaccidental- shell tempering includes oyster and clam ly fired piece of pottery coil (Fig, 14, a), shells, There is the possibility of Lhe However, this is not decisive, as the frec- presence of scallop and other shells, how- tures of the sherds are irregular, It is not certain what to chniquo of manufacture was used, One sherd reveals a kind of "slab- welding" ,joint, 2, The metric system is used in ae scrib- T'he color of the potsherds varies from ing Lne artifacts to con T'orm with standards black to a light buff, Frequently one sherd of description, exhibits two nr more shadinr~s of r,olor nn SOLECKI: AHCll::OLOGICkL POSITION OF h'OH'1' COHCtL1UC 23 •,~r \ ~ - / - a - J b - - - ,,i _ _ =tee - r -t ~ ~ _ d - _ - - . s . , e f 9 ~ ~ 0 2 3 4 5 ~ ~ C M. ~ - I ~ _ ~ "r ~ ~ j i;..' h ~ y"~" . O t M ` i ~ Nib, lY, Potsherds of the Snantok style at Corcnaue, 24 AHCHF.oLOCICAL SOCIETY OF CONNECTICUT: BULLETIN 24 the ezterior, This was probably due to un- even firing, The interior exhibits a color Pressions et right angles to the long axis range from a light grey Lo black, of the rim, Impressions of the lip of e clam shell were found in several panatela Both interiors and exteriors ere mod- marks on the bosses and at the necks of eretely smooth, The exterior surface seems vessels (Fig, 11, e), Punctate marks were to have been smoothed with some kind of commonly made on the Dosses (Fig, 12, a-d implement leaving light striated marks, and are evident in a considerable amount on There are pa rfl llel scraping marks on several Rouse s Shantok sherds, The nodes on the ~a interiors also, Some of the marks could be cestelletions are either pinched aut from identified as those of scallop shells, ps the mother clay (Fig, 12, f, or applied House Pound in his study, the sH erds are (Fig, 12, 1). The maJority of the cestelle- ~'I t, ion nodes show a la ddei-work dacoc•fltfon of relatively uneven surfaced end without blis- 7, lets, Many of the sne rds appear to ba seal short, clam-shell impressions bisected by e or flaky on the eaterior, Y vertical cut or impression with a sharp edge, In several cases, it was possible to The thickness of the pottery evere ea identify the letter agent as the lip of e about 7.5 mm„ running a range of from g clam shell (Figs, 11, a; 12, e, g-i), This s~ 5 mm, method of node decoration has bees noted by to 10 mm, It has a heranesa of about 2-2, 5. Aouae (Sbid, In eadit ion, there ere ! There is a grading in the color of the sherd y~ arose aeotions from the exterior to the several nodes which nave been simply im- center, whl ch is usually black, pressed with stampings of the clam shell lip (Figs, 12, f; 15, across the vertical j The rims ere predominantly incurvate in length of the node, In the minority are ' simple unde coretea nodes (Fig, 12, 9hepe (Fig, 12, a-e, h) The Lip usually protuberances at the bases of the collersne faces inward, and the rims and collars ap- seem to fell into tnree cetegor ie s: (1 peer to be comparatively high and thickened, lobate, the maJor•ity of which ere channeled The ve seals ere predominantly square-mouthed, and cut out of the thickened rim of the with ce stellations and nodes surmounting Lhe vessel (Figs, 12, et b; 13, d-f, , es corners, The ae nodes ere sit net pinched out described by House `1947: 16 from the •'mother" clay (Fig, 12, or a (2• PYremidal I plied (Fig, 12, 1), P- bossing; and (3) true bossinK, The pyramidal bossed lobe (Figs, 11, a-c; 12, c-I') appears The necks of the Corene ug ve asels are to have bean cut out of a collar reinforce- pronounced (Fig, 11, e), An aberrantl ment of applied clay fillet, This Fillet Y seems to he ve been smoothed and fashioned ~ shaped vessel (Fig, 11, a, b) lacks a nook into a triangular pro tube re nee running a- i~ in the Shantok style, an3 has a flattened round the base of the collar (Fig, 12, c, d; bottom (reconstructed from fra gments)• cross sa ct ion), pfter the design was me de Smith- thinks that this vessel snaps sag- on the rim, the pyramidal bosses were cut out r Bests pots from Fentlgo (Saville, 1920), and snaled while the clay was still pLaatic, Decoration is limited to the Dollar be- The fingers of the opposing hand frequently ~ , left a marked depression on the interior op- tween the lip zone end Lhe lobes or bosses, osite Lhe The necks and shoal de ra of Shantok vessels P PYremid, Seven pieces oY pyremi- are bare of decoration with the eace tion of dal bosses showing breakage or fracture at ~ en Dees aional row of ~ P the ,Joint of application are in the collec- i~ punctates in a single tion. True bossing, the third category, is t Horizontal line between tits two (Fig, 11, represented by two sherds, which show a de- a-e), pression on the interior o pposite a rather modified pyramidal bulge on the eaterior, ?I The me ,j Drily of the rim sherds snow en No aoplique or pinching is evident, abundant use of clam shell tooling in the deoorative techni qua a, which include stamping, No figure-modeled Lugs, as noted by ' puneteting, trailing, and incising, The col- isouse, were found at Corchaug, late are decorated with bend design-groupings as defined by Rouse (1947: 16 The plat Comparing Norwich-Shantok and Corchaug- motif is found on only one sherd (Fig, 13, 1), Shantok, one is struck by two marked daf- t, wh1cH is aberrant to the Shantok style at fore nee s, One is that the most widespread ' Corchaug, The bends are either impressed or technique of decoration at Norwich was with ~~i incises in parallel horizontal end oblique the use of some sharp implement, while et groupings around the collared rim, The use Corchaug,'the Indians dAcora tad their wa tea of clam or other sea shell is evidenced in with the edges of shells, principally the the arced designs found on several site rds lip of the clam shell (Venus me rcene tie (Figs, 12, e, b; 13, f-h), The clam shell It is felt that Lhe use of shells Sn the also figured in the decoration of the lips of decorative technique et Corchaug made for the rims, illustrates by a row of shell im- more uniform designs, The of Her difference is in the almost mechanical precision and perfection of some of Lhe lobes end yraml- dal bosses at Corchau p contrast with tho u g (Fig, 12, b-d which 3, Personal communication from Carl le PPa rently laboriously Smith, Tenuary 19 1949. Y channeles-out or applied Norwicn lcbes, eeoh .i ~ of which seems to be individualized, The JI SOLECKI: ARCHEOLOGICAL POSITION OF FORT COHCHAUG 25 ' - ~ ~ e. C a b - _ i ,r 4 ' ~ ~ ` ~ ~ e d y g q~ ~ y~ i^ h I f g 0 1 2 3 4 5 C M. i _ N.v i - Ftti f . e ------~1 - ~ k Fig, 13, Potsherds of the Corchaug-Shant ok (a-~, ~j, Hudson Hiver lroauois (h, i ,and .miscellaneous (k) styles, ~ . . t; 2 26 ARCHEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF CONNECTICUT: BULLETIN 24 i ;;i majority of the lips of the Corcha ug rims are b, 1'ne paste ana texture is of the same flattened and faced inward, although rounded quality as tire Corcha ug-Shantok ware d y end tapering lips also occur, singular shell-tempered rim sherd (Fig, 13, c) lacks the lobe or pyramid at the rein- Several rim sherds which are not of f'orcea collar. It is puncta tad at the 'Shantok style were found, Two (Fig, 14, c, th is ke ned buttress with a blunt instrument, ej answer to the description of Ritchie's Altuough these sherds do not exhibit the Vinette I" ware, which is very early in New Shantok style, it is felt on the basis of York (Ritchie, 1944: 164). These are red- the temper and texture that they ere local dish-brown, grit tempered, and contain large and contemporary works, They mi~At be dis- inclusions of quartz, They have s straight- re gardee as singular spa cin:e ns, rim profile, end ere corn-marked on the in- ~,~f Lerlor and exterior surfaces, House (1947: Summary, Gn the basis of pottery :i 18) has brought forward evidence in favor of typology, the Corcha ug ware resembles the ~ the antiquity of Vinetto Z ware in Connect- She nt ok tradition as def rhea by kouse in its y icut, Zn addition, recent finds at Gra nnis broadest aspects, differing only in the Zslend in New Haven have yielded this pottery method of local tree tuent, The letter seems f~ et the very bottom of a shellheap of con- to be a terry-over from the Iv rant is stage of J' sidereble age, Smith (1947: 4) notes the Rouse's 'd ind sor style (Rouse, 1947: 20-1), occurrence of Vinette I ware et North Beech, which has been recognized on Long Island as on the western end of Long Island, and has a late prehistoric stage by Smith (1947). ;.I plc cad it ea the earlie at were on Long is- In particular, a proliferation of shell- land, Bullen (1948: 39) has Yound this ware =mpresseu secorz.tion has been notes for t.I in eastern Mesae chusetts; he bases his ob- eastern Lo nq Island, 1 se rvation of the antiquity of the pottery on stretigraphic evidence, ~dhile all these '1'tre odd sherds are either "trade" finds seem to be rather isolated ones, it may re prase r,tations or, as in the case of the ~ not be far fetched to speak of a widespread "Vinette i" s he rd s, possibly remains of areal provenience for Vinette I pottery in previous occupations, The latter ere still New England, to be u~1'i ned in this region, A rim sherd, (Fig, 14, d), presumably ~ of trade origin, illustrates "Mohawk" char- acteristics of the Hudson Valley Iroquois type,4 foreign to eastern Long island, It r - is reddish eolore d, and of fine paste and ~~d~, indeterminate temper, It has shallow half- (I~ i moon notches below the incision line on the } iy~ b c exterior, Two sherds (Fig, 13, h, i), which may be from the same vessel, are shell Lem- r Pere d, and seem to ba decorated in the /I/"~~,~'~''~./ characteristic Hudson Valley Iroquois style, ~fi/ O 12 3 4 5 The parallel lines are individually incised C M. with a sharp instrument other then shell, However, there are clam shell impressions on , the inner lip of the rim, This seems to be d e the characteristic hallme rk of eastern Long u Island pottery, There is documentary evi- ;i dance that the eastern Long Island Indians Fib„ 14. riisce llaneous pottery, e, journeyed to the western end, end it is pos- lump of clay, b, pipe st ecn, c, e, pottery Bible that the decoration on these sherds oi' Vinette I style, d, sherd of the "P:o- 7i represent cultural borrowings, like the bor- hawk" style, rowings of Shantok styles of decoration, :i Figure 13, k illustrates another exotic V+ shell-tempered sherd with an incurvate rim, The rim face is incised in parallel lines, Here, too, the cna ra eteristic stamp of the among the pottery artifacts was a lump eastern potter is reflected in the series of of lir,ht-buff pottery cis y, which had been ~.i clam-shell impressions on the inner lip of fired (Fig., i4, a), It is coarsely shell Lhe rim, temperea. Tiro re nra two pieces of aborig- kim sherds of straight-sidetl, shell- final pipe stems, one ~f whicG is illustrated d temperea vessels ere shown in Figure 13, a, (Fi E„ 14, b), Doth i,a v= large Holes ann are i'inely textured, Not illustrated is the j se co rd pipe stem, which was apparently the mou ttr piece, 4. kicha rd S, Ma ctdeish pre serted this ~1 type of ware at a ceramic conference k:e ld at The signif ice nce of the Shantok pot- the kochester Pluse um of Hrts and Sciences tery at sort Corchaup and its bee ri nt: on October 27-29, 1947. (See also kouae, 1947: the subject of acculturation there are ais- 10,) cussed in the summary and L`onclusions, :i SOLECKI: AHCFiEOLOGICAL POSITION OF FORT CORCHAUG 27 0 I 2 3 4 _ CM. ~ • =~z - ~ t. +~,i u ~o ` j! - - a ~ ~ , b , c~a ~ _ ~ k _ _ • h • ~ • ' ~ ~ ~ •p ~ m - a.~,r ,.~f i .'1` _ . .;,~1: , , s ~ ; ~ ° o .t~~ .,gyp Ind . F~t~~~' Y ~ / ~ ,~c ::j . , .•'a ~ ~ =iF.. .7, Tha manufacture of vamp um, a_i iiiustrate steps of nanuf'auture;l m-g ere mis- cellaneous artifacts; and q-v are examples ni' the Cools used 11 • i; ~ 28 .~t(CiiE OLOCICeL SOCIETY CF' CONNECTICUT: BULLETIDI 24 Wa~_ According to orchard (1929: 04-8), ~-i there seems to be evidence that this partic- Among the most numerous artiPa ets found ular kind of cylindrical wampum was not made ~r et Corcuaug are cut and worked columellae of until after the arrival of the Europeans, ~j the whelk (Busycon the leavings of wam um Larger end coe rear beads were found on pre- ~•i manufacture, The whelk shells were ver p historic sites, but never an of the smeller wl popular for making white wampum, es over a variety, Collecting the viewpoints of veri- -1 thousand such columellae were found, Jud _ °us archeologists, Orchard showed that the ing Prom the remains, a shell about 11 emg type of wampum known in historic times ce~ne long was preferred to give the most desir- in witi: steel drills or "muxes able thickness of stock, thus eliminetin for which was noted in early record s, aemend unnecessary working down of heavier stocks Orchard bases his argument for the late ar- as described by Burggraf (1938: 55). Onl ' rival of cylindrical wanpum on ti,e Pact the midsection of Lhe stock (about 3,5 cmY) that the perforations ere long end narrow, was apparently preferred, The Lop 3 em, A stone point of sufficient length would (average) and bottom 4. S~cm, have broken in Grilling, if it did not break the shell were cut away and di scerded) oP the bead, would allow for a This beads of about ~ pprozimetely seven wampum Wampum seems to have oriAi Hated on Long iag into account eechocute(Fign 15ngtn, tek- Zsla nd at an unknown earl date, !I ' ~-i)• around Lhe 1600'x, The Dutch obta inedbthe it Considering the probable number of breakages first su 1 and feilurea, it is no wonder that historic pP Y there (Willoughby, 1935: 266), ~ eastern Long Fslend sites are white with Beauchsmp (1901: 332) says that Gardiner's wampum refuse, A working thickness of be- .gay on Lhe east ens of LonK Isla nG was the tween 4 to 6 mm, of stock seems to have been original seat of the we mpum trade in New ~1 preferred, 'With such a rioh source for the York, To the llutch, wampum was known as selection of their raw material, the Cor- "sewen," and ct was natural for them to cell chaugs and their neighbors truly earned the Long Island "„ewenhecky" (Ross, 1903, 1: 50). distinc~ti on oP having the best wampum, ~ New Engle d untilointrod uced toethemlby ht he III Evidence is found oP every stage of menu- „ facture (Fig, 15, a-1), from the sea shell Dutch et Plymouth in X628, The llutch ex- through the blank stage to the drilled and tolled the trade value of this commodity { finished wampum bead, A study of the blanks among the Indians (Willoughby, 1935: 266-9), reveals that some tips show hacking with a It is known that the Zndiens of New Engle nd Ij coarse-edged implement, such as a stone had no wampum, or very little originally, flake (Fig, 15, d), Others clearly show The Narre gensetts and Pequots learned the nutting marks that were undoubtedly made value of the shell currency early and prof- %;j with metal tools (Fig, 15, e, 1), The ited by it, growing rich end powerful finished wampum bead (Fi 1 1 Wampum material was imported by the Rhode drilled from both sides, g. 5, ) had been Island Indians from Long Island, es good ~7 shells were scarce there (Willoughby, ibid The Indians of eastern Long Island were so ) No dark wampum was Pound, although expert in wampum manufacture that it probably there waa en abundance of purple sections clam shells (Venus mercenaries Fig, 15 ) supplied the motive of the Fequote in con- e quering and subjecting them Lo tribute, when Two worked pendent-shaped objects of white the Pequots were beaten, the Narre gensetts clam-shell (Fig, 15, n, oI were encountered, picked up the whip as their successors, and the only objects of the kind An odd pol- e fished bead of ivory-like shell materiel also axe clad tribute, (Fig, 15, m) was also obtained, During the trip made to Long Island by Honing stones of two kinds of grit, a ante rofr Winthrop's ship in 1633, the pres- fine (Fig, 15, u) end a coarse (Figs, 15, noted, g°od wampum among the Inaians was r, v; lb, v), were rec overea at the site, the En Its monetary value was recognized by Light pecking stones (Fig, lti, L, u) end ex ressliaf orbiddenoinma orta nt that it was heavier hemmerst ones (Fig, 15, , s, t p Y patent of 1640 for complete the stone Snve ntory fo the pr ob- a settler to trade with the Indians for able manufacture. of wampum, wampum, wither directly or indirectly (Adams, 1918: 261), Burggraf (1938: 57-8) includes among Wampum was probably originally used by the "Smpleme nts of the shell worker's trade" quartz or ue rtzite the Indians merely for personal adornment battering beyond the premoval of oa ifew nohips earnnd the neck, waist, head, end (Beauchamp, 1901: 356-8 "in the from one end," quartz chips which would have served for sawing the shell, sandstone abraders or honing stones, iron nails and No comparison of Corcneug wampum with spikes (of common occurrence), end the re- that of other contemporary dated ..ong Island mains of an iron knife, A similar set of sites except that from Mersa pea gue, which the sane materiel for wampum manufacture na has been described by Burggraf (19$8), can be be found among the specimens from Corcha u~-,y made at present, The white wampum at g Mersa peegue dates prior to 1654" (Burggraf, , ,t. _ _ t~..._ ~ _ ~ _ . SOLECKI: ARC:~OLOGICAL POSITION OF FORT CORCHAUG 29 Tne writer, who is acquainted with eluded among the finds, These are not ic- minks it is much coarser than Lhe Cor- illustrated, ade :~•a u~. :.umpum, The general run oY the colu- to:1a stocks is much heavier end thicker Two pieces of pecked and polf shed diorite, a fragment of worked elate, and s- " some cracked end burned stones, including ter hemmerstones end grit stones (Figs, 15, g-?; ri- Abori~ Stone Artifacts 16, t-v), complete the stone inventory from Corcheug, ne nd ;rujectile points end other worked 'dhile it is possible that these artl- r- a:~r.es were relatively scarce et Corcheug, facts are entirely the product oY pre- . :r lu, m-s shows the full inventory of historic Corc ha ug, it is etaimeurv lved into .^lakea ertifa ct s, ell of white quartz, the art of stone flaking, ' ~ I'.•: 16, m is a not Loo well finished historic t.i mes end existed aide by side with eak ~•+~ec Smplement with s broken point, Figure newer European introductions for some time, r,-p ere poorly finished, Lepered-stem The native utilized the Smpleme nta of his ,~.octlle points, Figure 16, g represents ancestors when be could not get a subati- olnt end of a fie ketl artifact, Figure tote from the whites, ong is a spawl of quartz, showing secon- eir cuipping around the edges, It is pos- pi ment Stones ) t.nat it may iia ve been a proJectile s , ,t, :~igure 16, s is the midsection of a e .':a r; finished implement. The aborigines at Corcheug were ep- 'everal white quartz flakes were Sn- pa re nt ly fond oY working natural clayebblea, cretions and ferruginous (limonite) p ell The former make dark brown stresks upon 50), scraping, while the letter give red streaks, It is not unreasonable to suppose that Lhe- in ma,j ority of these stones were used es e he ~i~' 4 source of plgme nt. 1 Seven slay concretions, of which four 9), 4. ~ ere illustrated (Fig, 16, d-g), have eitksr .nd p ~ scoring or rubbing marks, showing usage, d ~ ~„y One i'lat, circular clay concretion (Fig, 16, r' i 0 ~-,rte-h ~ j 9 e) is included in this inventory, The soft ,f- b ~ B nature of clay stone made the nutting and d = working oP it rather easy, Two fragments , ~l~~ ~,d of perforated clay stones (Fig, 16, b, c), c - - which may have been pipe stems, attest to .d, V~ _ _ aboriginal ingenuity, ably - -T~ ~ ~ The second class of natural concretions ~ ~ "7 k and pebbles comprises limonite stones, of +~hen ' m< ~ which a total of sixteen whole end frag- ~ - mentary specimens were found, Five oY these ind ~ h ~ ~ were worked, showing rubbing end scouring marks either et the ends (Fig, 16, h, k), on ~ - the flat side (Fig, 16, i, ,J., 1), or on by ~ ~ both, Among other unworked limonites were a es- ,i; rl `.2 two limonite geode a. 3 ~ 6 1 by Ps ;1ti F" ~i i f g Three worked fragments of graphite 3s U p 9 (Fig, 18, d-f), which give a dark streak, eor m p complete the inventory of natural pigment a, ' Pie cos of clay stone and limonite may ~ be picked up almost anywhere along the f' beaches of Long Island, Graphite, foreign by ddd+++"' ~ to the island, was obviously imported from t U a. - the mainland, 1 4 5~~ _ Aboriginal Bone-Work lane u ~ ~ As with their stone work, the residents an be of Fort Corcheug ned evidently not com- raf, 10, Aboriginal stone artifacts, plate ly forgotten their bone working indus- ~ • I i j 30 ARCHEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF CCdJNECTICUT: HULI.ETIN 24 i~ try, but the remains, as with the chi implements, ere not impressive, Thiapped roe-like solid piece of onimal bone with peuci- both ends broken off is shown in Figure 1~, ty of bona work is in contradiction to the f, Two mid-sections of sit uetion at Fort Shantok, where a number of 1 polished bone (Flg, bone artifact types are Pound,5 of~aBelong boner(Fig9e 1~ awls, The butt end ,i) had been cut The abundance of net urell several times across the mid-section and such as Lne rib oP the sturgeon (FigLe~7boe;s, pierced with a sharp implement. M end the spike of Lhe king horse shoe crab The only artifact of bird bone is e (Fig, 1~, b), both of which apparently were tube (Fig, 1'J, k), which had been carefully ~ Pound in abundance in the shallow water cut and worked at both ends, It is well ~~ii around Corcha ug, made laborious shaping of polished, Not illustrated is a conical, r7 awls unneoe ssary, The Lra der brought the hollow-based projectile j Indians awls of iron or "muxe s," which far point of antler, surpassed any of the native equipment Sn utility, Hence, trade goods very likely Eurooean (Trade) Material accounted Por the paucity of bona awls end it needles, N A representative inventory of the Little improvement had to be made on the Euro peen objects from Corchaug is illus- naturally pointed bone a, A worked, king traced in FI ure 18 horseshoe-crab spike (Fig, l~ d) end two g (except d-f These ~ artifacts were found associated with aborig- i, worked sturgeon spines (Fig, 1'7, c, e) are in final material in the excavations, end there Ii this category, Figure ly, i illustrates a is no doubt that they represent trade items ~ triangular bit of sturgeon bone cut with a obteiaed from the Europeans, sharp iaip lament, Mammal end bird bones were y also utilized to some extent, A polished Zn the inventory ere 2 gunflints (Fig, 16, b, c) end 4 fragments of worked European flint; 25 pieces of iron, including a jew's- harp or vibrator (Fig, 18, x); a needle or "muxe;" 14 hand-wrought, square-heeded iron ~j na-i is and e bolt (Fig, 18, d'-p'); a piece a of sword; 2 pieces of flat ble des (knives?); ~ a slab of iron (Fig, 18, c'), thick enough to be a piece of armor or the side of en ~ iron kettle; a triangular pr o,jectile point r (Fig, 18, z); end some small scraps of un- ij identifiable rusted iron, ~i b Nine artifacts of• braas-and copper were found, These include a brass jaw's-harp '~j ~ (Fig, 18, yj, which has Lne letter "R" ~ d stamped on its outside base; two well-made triangular projectile points of brass (Fig, 18, a', b'), one of which has been pe rforate~ B and contains a preserved fiber cord; tnree I f scraps of brass (1'ig, 18, v); two flat piece: ('_~'._-f of brass, one perforated, which had probably •j been wrapped around some perishable object B (Fig, 18, 1, m)• two pieces of brass, Lhe ''1 h bases of which had been apparently crimped ~_1JIJ around something (Fig, 18, t, u); end a pie cc n of spoon handle (Fig, 18, w7, ~ In the inventory of trade ceramics and ~ I glassware are fragments of crockery; kaolin ^j pipe-bowl and pipestem fragments; bottle - _ _ glass; and one €la ss button, One piece of grey salt-glazed ware with a blue bend (Fig, .y 0 I 2 3 4 5 R 18, a) and twelve fragments of brown glazed crockery were found, These may represent CM. liquor containers, i That a favorite trade item was smoking ~ pipes of keolln is evidenced by the number - Fig, 1~, Aboriginal bone ertlfact s, of these fragile objects, They total 135 ( fragments, including 111 pipe stems and 24 bowls end bowl fragments, Several of these _ have trade marks stamped on the heels (Fig, 5. Personal communication from Irving 18, n, while others have plain heels (Fig, Rouse, Sanue ry 15, 1949. 18> o, p). Pipe stems ere similarly marked . . . . _...r SOLECY.I: ARCHEOLOGICAL POSITION OF FORT CORCHAUG 31 a ~ b o e a , ~ d ~ ; m 9 h 1 ~ - 3 ii ~ ~ ~r 3 - •`J O ~n ~ . 1 n s I~r, I~ e ~ r ~ ~ ' 0 I 2 3 4 5 ' - ed ~ ~ i ~ V C M. es \ * , y ~ , 'y ~i r ~ ~ o, b, H ,X. Z ~ n_= _ _ _ _ - _ ~ d, c1p. 18, AboriKinsl ld-f) end European (e-c, g-g') artifacts of various materiels. ! • ; 32 ANCHF 0I.OG.TCAL SOC LE v T. OF CON.IEOTICUT: BULLETIN 24 A end unmarked, the maJority filling in the i~ letter category (e,g„ Fig, 18, s, a ~.o utu- fOUnd on llutch pipes oi' about Lha same piece), The makers' marks are valuable clues period, i, for dating since, by a et udy of pipe ma kera' According to Pritchard lists (English in Lhis case) end comps risona Pipes were not marked in an cit, of marks, the pipes may be tied to certain Y ay until the dates, thus giving some clue to the chrono_ middle of the seventeenth centur logical relations of Lhe sites on which the tneapitesr valuable clue y• This may l pipes were Pound, The evidence of from the shapes of the eDOwlh,aesofashionsd probabl places the date of occupancy of n Fort Corche ug in the year 16 e were continually Chan Ln Y later Unao ubtedl $0 at least, and i several distinctive she es foret hewdifferent had been occupied prior to thehmidd le~oftthe epochs in P seventeenth century, as the first settlers pipe making (Pritchard, 1923), at Lhis end of Long Island (ei_oa 1640) The heels of some of the pipe bowls at Cor- chaug ere marked with "EB" (Fi 18, ? „PE„ found the fort in place, (Fig, 18, q), the Tudor Hose g. ) Eight fra gmenta end s ve nt ionelized tobacco ~ and the con- were found Six repre se nt Patilea at otwhla sa were manufactured b plant, The PE" pipes y Phillip Edwards of gglass bottles of rather thin were (Fig, lg~ Bristol, England, who became a manufacturer ? h)• One dark glass button with an iron r in 1649. The "EB'" heel letters are the trade loop (Fig, 18, i) and a aqua red bit of glass mark of Edward Battle, also of Bristol who g' Decame a ourne man in 1650, Hia ' for this~categoiy ae nta the total inventory ~ Y pipes are common o? historic Indian sites (Beauchamp, 1898: 116), The Tudor !rose was in vogue dur- A study of trade artifacts, including ing the latter half of the seventeenth can- microsoopic and chemical analysis w (r~ tury (Sheppard, 1902: 23), The "EB„ tainly yield dividends in the datingiof cer- I~ bowls have a milled impression like the temade sites, It is F with the edge of a coin on the rim a little pr°0esses of making iron end of herometelslin belovr the lip (Fig, 18, n) The lerSSer bul- the seventeenth cent uFy were different from bons type bowls with unmarked heels (Fi those of tk:e present da o) have an incision below the rim rather than Lhis is a field re uiri n~~ sIt is true that the milled impression, The Pour niques and knowledge of hhemistrlized tech- illuatrated in Figure 18 repre sent !the Dfour !orgy, end allies sciences, which~aretgener- bowl types Sound et Corcheug, ally beyond the scope of the average arche- r ologist's training, The simple illustratio? The pipestems varied in length, with an of dating by means of pipe maker's marks, 8-inch length about the avers ge for this given above, shows now much can be done to y period, The Fleur-de-lis atoms date from Pinpoint historic contact sites, (l about the middle of the seventeenth century (1940) has ably outlined the use of otreded ! (Sheppard, 1902: 2~), These marks were also goods in establishing the historic chronol- ogy of archeological sites. k ' TRAIT LISTS Tre its of Culture found at Fort Corchaue Village location and plan complex (cont'd Storage pit, Subs i~ awe ectivity: Sweat house, F Agricultural oomplea: Architectural complex: Burning-over woods, Pelisa dad enclosure "Old fields," Wigwams, (reetenguiar), Scattered post molds ~ Collecting complex; Shelters in lee of • 'l Collecting clams, oysters, and other Palisade 'i shell fish, Burial activity: Hunting and fishing complex: One reported burial in area, ~j Deer, rabbit, fox, r Crabs, sturgeon, etc, Techno~°~i`~al and artistic activity l Community lan ectivity: Yuttery com lax P (Shentok-like): Yottery manufacture does not show it Village location ens plan complex: conclusive evidence of coiling, Village near creek, Pottery shell tempered, 1 Firebeds, Vessels are globular, i! Fire orecked stones in refuse de- Colle red, incurvate rims, square posits, mouthed, with abundant clam-shell decoration, i ~i SOLE CILI: ARCHEOLOGICAL POSITION OF FORT CORCHAUG 33 ' ~ntto ry complex (Shantok-like)(cont'd , ! _ Stamping, bosses, applied nodes, P~.e tel complex (cont'd,): lobate prot ube ranee a, end Arass (one perforated), Incising, Iron, Body plain-surfaced on both sides, Scraps and fragments of copper, Fragments of clay pipestems, iron, and brass, Taw's harps of brass and iron, :~uugh stone oomp lax: Sword blade of iron, Hemmerstones, Fragmentary iron plate, Honing stones, Wedge of iron, Bolt of iron, ! Vnuamina ntjne complex (white quartz pre-+lrought iron aaiis, Projectile point a, fregme ntar Class complex: whole, including: Y end Bottle glees, i Stemmed points, Window glass ~ Triangular Glass button, ' Flakes and ehips9~ Cround atone complex; Pottery complex: Salt were, Fragment of polished stone, form Brown slipped pottery, uncertain, Trade pipes of white kaolin, Worked olay concretions, Initialed heel pipes and fragments Cere~oniel oomplex: °f~ Pipestems, dating circa 1650, of English manufacture; Limonite paint atones, Pieces of graphite, Miscellaneous material: Skeletal remains of horse, Natural atone complex, Unworked geodes of limonite, Historic activity: Quartz crystal, Documented contacts between Corchauge and Europeans ciroe 1650, ~ Hone complex (cutt in ~ poll shin gr sawing, grinding, ! g, end incising techniques): Awle, bone splinter. Numerical Llst of Artifacts Bird bone tube, Hollow-based antler projectile points, Ab m•icinal mataria l: Worked, king horse-shoe crab spines, Pigment stones, etc,: Worked sturgeon vertebrae, Worked graphite Worked 1lmon ite ~ ~ ~ 3 Shell complex (cutting, drillin Unworked limonite ~ ~ S grinding techniques); ge and Worked clay concretions ~ 11 Finished wampum beads end blanks Unworked clay concretions ~ 4 (white), g Quahog wampum beads and blanks Rough stones: I purple, ~ ma gl ordinary hammerstones 3 Busycon columellae, Honin Pebble hammerstones 2 Pottery decorators(7), g and grit stones r'ragme nts of pecked and ~ g Fiber complex: polished atones, Twisted cord preserved on brssa Fragment of worked slate, 2 prole etile point, 1 Flaked artifacts: Design complex: Projectile Incised and Points (white quartz): stamped pottery, Fragments Clem shell use predominant, Stemmed base 2 Designs restricted to the rim end Reworked flake, 3 ~o11e r, Implement (knife)?• 1 'trade sot 1 ivity: Pottery: Trade with Indians as far west as Body shards western Long Island, and es ter Rim sherds 1028 north as the Cape Cod area re- (He prase ntin• 165 corded, vessels) aPProximately 30 :ocnnaloaica Lump of tempered clay , -peen 1 and artistic activity (Euro- 1 mater aIJ- Shell: hie tel complex: Wampum beads, i Heavy bead, 3 Tra ngular projecti to points: I Oblong shells ~ ~ 1 Col amellae of wampleme?ts?) 2 ~ pum tae nufact ure, 10004 1~ 34 ARCHEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF CONNECTICUT: BULLETIN 24 Pipes: Iron, miscellaneous (cont'd,): C leystone pipe stem fragments 2 Nalls end fre ants, 4 Pottery pipestems, 2 Flat blades (knives?), 12 Bone: Heavy blade (sword?) 1 Needle 1 Fregme ntary polished awls, 3 Conical pro,)ectile point 1 Brass, miscellaneous: Bird bone tube, polished 1 Scraps and fre gments , Worked horseshoe-crab and 3 t1 ~ Perforated and "wrapped , '1 sturgeon bones (awls.) 3 Spoon he ndle ~ i t Miscellaneous: Pr o,Je ctile point a: Natural quartz crystal 1 Triangular: N'iber (preserved by verde gris) 1 Iron, 1 Brass I1 perforated), 2 European Materiel: Dre sa (roughly shaped end • Crookery, 1 13 crimped base) • ICs o11n pipestems, 111 Glass: Bottle fragments 6 , ICS Olin pipe bowls 13 Cut, aqua red glass ~ ~ ~ 1 i_ Reolin pipe bowl fragments, 11 Class button _ 1 Saw's harps: Iron, miscellaneous: Brass, , Plate, 1 Iron ~ 1 need of wedge. 1 1 Scrap fragments, 3 I Gunf'l inta and pieces oY European Screw Head bolt, 1 flint 5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Historic Fort Corcheug waa apparently forms the maJor portio? of the ceramic in existence about 1640, when the first wares at Corcheug, The unique She ntok style settlers arrived on the eastern end of Long appeared in force in the vicinity oP the Isla nd, It was visited by the Dutch end Themes River valley in Connecticut, where it English on various occasions, es is shown Sn survived into historic times alongside the .the records, The dated trade goods show Nia ntic stage of the Windsor tradition that the site was occupied toward the middle (Rouse, 1947: 23), of the seventeenth century, end we know that t it had been abandoned after tnat time, f'or There was a local eastern Long Island there is mention Lhat the fort was not in were, which also survived up to historio ? ~ eziste nce in 1662, St is likely tnat the times, called "N ie nt is -like" (Smith, 1947 'fort had stood at this site for et least Lwo ' 5, 6), This was somewhat oompa table to the decades, end was deserted by the enfeebled Nientic of Connecticut but seems to nave and decimated Corahaugs, whose tribal rem- Deen derived from the were of Lhe earlier :i na nta moved to Indian Neck at Southold, where Sebonac focus on Long Island, Its vessels 4, they languished and disappeared from recorded are characterized by shell tempering, glo- ~ history, buler bodies, collared rims with round :`t mouths, end a plethora of shell-impressed 7I There is evidenoe that the Fort Corcheug decoration, which seems to nave been e ' area had been occupied prehist ar ice lly, How- carry-over from the Sebonac stage, Of the ever, a consideration of this problem ie be- two varieties of the Shentok style, Norwiah- yond the scope of the present paper, Snantok end Corcheug-Snantok, the latter ie also ahareoterized by a predominenoe of in- It is known that the Corcheug s, as me[¢- to nsive shell-impressed decoration, It beta oi' the local confederacy, had relations must be ooncluded that this waa a looel with other Indiana of the melnland, Some of charecteriat ic. Lhe "Mohawk" pottery snows Lhet tney also had had interoourae with the Indians on the west Considering the facts eDOVe, we have ~ end of Long Isle nd, here a concrete archeological study in f( acculturation with the absor ption_of the c~ The moat interesting of Lhe se outside Paouot survivors ~ the Jor~cheu~s a~tei it relations of the Corchaugs is their ecquisi- the defeat of Lhe former in 1637, Our date Lion of pottery of the Sha ntok style, which show that Rouae's supposition (1947: 23) F 35 SOLECKI: ARCHEOLOGICAL POSITSON OF FORT CORCHAUG ' ::.e keyuot fled across the Sound during whet pottery type the Nerraga nsetts then had, nlet,rlc time is not quite true, el- as they also received their share of van- 14 - t:.a:a is record of a movement of quished Pequots (Gardener, off, cit, For 2 o:,taeme & children" to Long Island additional comparative study, 1t wwould be 1 yr :n ',vi7 lW inslow, 1637). Remnants of well also to find (1) the contemporary 1 ;<::y lc seem to have been led across, Shelter Island fort site, (2) a Montauk : ;.eve bean parceled out as part oY the village site, end (3) a late Shinnecock site, 3 cno victorious eastern Long Island paned with the knowledge oY Lhe known 1 ...r:•Da:ntlon lGardener, cit,), historic, we ere able to delve ~nto Lhe un- 1 : 1, un i'ortunate that the Corchaug known prehistoric step by step, Using the direct historical approach, we have Sllus- tt:o only one thus far known on Long tra ted what can be done on a historic arche- F::,~.:n ra tl:e diagnostic Shentok ware has ologlcal site with the aid of documentation, 1 ~ reparted, and it is to be hoped that The araheological evidence, combined with 2 -.onrch will yield more historic the ethno-h ist orlcal 'meterie 1, has Sadis ,-.I•• ~ :-na same period, It does not seem ceted the nature of the cultural ellgnme nts 1 c:.nt ell of the survivors of the Pe- of eastern Long Island, We know that in the .-t .•r nllottad to the eastern Long Island over-ell sharing of cultural traits, the .:•ne .ere concentrated in the one en- eastern Long Isle nd Indians were moat simi- 6 n:. ~;orchaug, but solution of this lar to the Mohe ga n-Pe quot, but outside of 1 ...:•a .111 nave to await further study, gort Corcha ug, we have yet to learn whether 1 :t ..~uld be interesting to find a proven or not the material culture of the contem- _r1c :~equot site, and to determine what porary eastern Long Island Indians bore a relatively similar pattern, 1 r,•.:.:l to roted form of were was like, .at• •:te would have to be dated prior to 1 - -._~ing 1637, when the group wee e - . ...+.o:. unit, Another interesting problem ~.rr archeological research would be 5 For further elaboration of the 5 ~;„rragensett site contemporaneous historical method, see Steward, 1942. , -.a Snantok and Core Haug, end to note APPENDIX: IDENTIF ICA'1'ION OF ILLUSTRATED ARTIFACTS style lied fillet of clay .he be made out of an app ie re it ~~:~a ntorc style pottery vessels, smoothed on to the rim, Finger-sized the :-.:rt ana profile view of small impressions on the interior opposing the ,~.c :,tyre va ssel, Shell-tempered, bosses, Bosses ere Hocked with the . :n,rface on interior and exterior, square edge of a clam shall, read and buttressed square-mouthed e) Ca st elleted, shell-tempered rim sherd, Bland r:,:, .ltn applied nodes on ce stellation s, -Node appears to be applied, Bosses ap- rio ~"~'e won flattened, Bosses ere pyre- pear to have been cut out of an epplled 1947, 3treight-sided, Thick- fillet. Incised, to the nst ,red vessel oY Shentok style, Y) Caste llation node, Shell-tempered and .eve ••p and colln r, pyramidal bosses, finely teatured, Node appears to be •1 Ser --.•~~-tempered. Impre sslons made with finger-moulded out of "mother" clay, end easels =,.a it fragment, Capacity about 5 not a lied, Three applications oP clam- . glo- `~~~„~~.~;,rlopue reB od yuglobularlaiIncurveter shellpPip impressions across face of node, Node Yrom square-mouthed, shell-tem- td 3eaed &pered vessel, Incised, Shell-tempered, a t :mnrds of the Sha ntok style at h) Coarse, she ll-tempered rim sherd of a Of the ~ square-mouthed and ca stelleted vessel, Norwich- ._tocpe red rim sherd, Sha ntok style, Pyramidal bosses at be se oY collar, tter ie .,to, LS res incised with small scallop Separately incised lines on rim face, oP ia- - Incurvate rim, Lip is im- There are impressions which seem to indl- It ce to that the bosses were formed with the Kcal .'~e:~eol-tempered, lobate rlm sherd, Mod- inner side of a clam shell, ..ve s, lncised with pointed in stru- i) Shell-tempered ca ste Lla tion node, r:.:, N.e Scfor cad lip, incised on inner Shows ,)unature of applique on inner side, , have Vertical end horizontal lines were im- in e,,i_tsm pe red rim sherd, pyramidal pressed with lip oY cLam shell, P the voed, uactetes made with squared clam 1) Shell tempered ca stellet i.on node, fter ' Seems to he ve been built up Yrom the Our date '"ei ''1000,' "mother" c1e of vessel, . 23) "s ,r 2yramidal bosses appear Lo y ,i 36 ARCHEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF CONNECTICUT': BULLETIN 24 Fig, 13, Potshards of the Corchaug-Shantok, shaped in crass section, Hudson River Iroquois, sad misoel laneous b) Pipe atom of cleyetone, styles, e) Plain, shell-tempered rim sherd, Tea- Pipeatem of cleyetone, Lure like Corchaug ware, f) Flat cla yet ones showing signs of b ~ P f ) Plain shell-tam Bred rim sherd, usage end rubbing, I tore like Corchaug were, Tea- Neturel flat limonite atone rubbed ar. 'j o) Plain, shell-tempered rim sherd, with hbatte red on sides and ends, thickened lip and collar, ,1) Neturel flat limonite pebbles rubbe d) Shell-tempered rim sherd, crude, lobate, k)nNetureldlimonitelst oneoawell worn, wi Smooth interior and exterior, She ntok style, diagonal scoring on left aide, ~ 1) Natural flat limonite C! e) Shell-tempered rim sherd, crude, lobate, scored in middle and the pendse rubbed a ! Smooth interior and eaterior, Shantok m) Heev i~ style, _ y, white quartz implement with f), Shell-tempered rim sherd lobate, broken point, Clem- n) White quartz projectile point, shell-lip impressed, Shantok at yle, o) Possible white g) Node and collar sherds oY same vessel, quartz drill point, Both clam-shell-11p impressed, Shantok P) Broken, white quartz projectile point. ~ style, g) Broken, whf.ta qun rtz projectile point, ;j h) Shell-tempered rim sherd oP Hudson r) White quartz Ylake, showing secondary usage, River Iroquois style, lines individually s) White quartz flake, incised (not with shell) on plat, t u white uertz f 1) Snell-tempered rim sherd of Hudson ' ) q pebbles, whose ends of River Iroquois style, Lines individually v)aGrittytoblong se ndstoae, Not a nature incised with sharp instrument, Clam- field stone, shell impressions on inner lip, .y ,i) Ca stalls Llon node. Incised, Shantok 1•~• whorl ginel bone artifacts, style, a) Sturgeon rib bone, k) Shell-tempered rim sherd lines indi- b) Spike oP king horse-shoe ore b, Two vid ua lly incised with sharp instrument, cuts across mid-section, j( Clam-shell impressions on inner lip, o) Sturgeon vertebra, Horned brown at Style unknown, ;.ointed end, i~; d) Spike end of king horse-shoe Drab, ';t Fig, 14. Miscellaneous pottery, Two cuts across end section, h+ e) A lump of shell-tempered pottery clay, e) Sturgeon vertebra, Pointed and shows J b) One of the two pie cea of aboriginal clay usage, pipeatama, f) Worked mammal bone, Polished c) Cord-marked, reddish grit-tempered pot- Polished mid-section of mammal bona, sherd. of Vinette I style, A rim sherd, h) Polished mid-section of mammal bone, d) Finely mineral tempered „im sherd of ltoolece of sturgeon bone cut with sharp the characteristic Mohawk Hudson River t.~ style , e) Cord-marked, reddish, grit-tempered ~timeste crossfmid-section with an edged potsherd of Vinette I style, implement, k) Bird bone, cut at both ends and poi- ! Fig, 15. The manufacture of wampum, lshed, Hollow, V~ eouBUOyconaca~e aThe It ype ofdshellcueed ginal end Euro een artifacts ' Fig, 16, Abori P for wampum manufacture (white heeds), oY ve ri ous materials, b-1) Series of shells arranged in sequence e) Piece of salt glaze or ockery from the .•I showing steps oP wampum manUPeoture, neck of a vessel, Grey color with blue m) A large unfinished bead of hard meters- encircling, al resembling ivory, b) Dark gray gunflint, ^i n, o) Dressed fragme me oP clam shells c) Light grey gunflint, probebl unfinished d-f) Three the posaibillty thatptne setmey haveabeen Specimen apse cfacetedubbed gre phlte, used ee pottery decorating tools, g) Thin piece of bottle glass 2 mm, thick, P) The dark Ss ur le sad of Green, .dt P p quahog shell h) Thin i (Vanua meroenarie used for dark wampum, P ace of bottle glass 2 mm, thick, g) Natural, flat beech pebble, used as a Green, pecking atone, 1) Black glass button with iron eye, ~ r) Coarse sendat one honing stone, Glees button, s) ordinary diorite hammeret one, k) Squared piece of~tranaluoent glass, Nature 1, ordinary quartzite hemmer- ground et edges, 2 mm, thick, . atone, 1) Scrap oP bresa perforated near the u) Fine sandstone honing et one, used to lower end, It looks ea though it had dress down wampum columns, been wrapped around something, v_) Coerae sandstone honing atone, m) Scrap of bresa which looks ea though it Fig, 16, Aboriginal stone artifacts, had been wrapped around something, " a) Cirauler clay concretion, worked, Lens nmerkedntgB ntoh o~nt ury kaolin pipe bowl " " n be heel, ' . ~ n~.. SOLECKI: ARCHE OLOGZCAL POSITION OF FORT CORCHAUG 37 of Seventeenth century kaolin pipe bowl, w) Handle of brass spoon, u t.::n ..^ked on tY.e heel, x) Iron jaw's harp or vibrator, :;e ve ntee nth century kaolin pipe bowl y) Brass jaw's harp or vibrator, marked un:.m rked on the heel, with letter "R" on outside of base, Be se of seventeenth century kaolin z) Triangular iron projectile point, pipe'o owl marked "PE" on heel, e') Triengu lar brass proje etl le point, fi Lly onh of kaolin pipe stem, with preserved thong through the per- ~1 tcaolin pipestem with Fleur-de-lis foretion in the middle, " icpre ssions, b') Triengu lar brass projectile point, ti ;Seca of triangular brass with one c') Slab of iron, 2,5 to 4 mm, thick, Very eiae crimped, rusted, u) I'ioco 02 brass crimped as though to d'-f') Square hand wrought iron nails with nold something, pyramidal heads, r) •)da piece of scrap brass, g') Round screw head iron bolt, ii BIBLIOGRAPHY i I ~dnns, dames Truslow 1948. Culture llynamics in Eastern ~ Massa chusetta (American Antiq- 1913, history of the Town of Southetap- uity, vo1, 24, no, 1, pp, 36- ton (Bridgehempton, N, Y,), 48, Menasha, Wiso, ?Lwntor, Edward B, Hurggraf, James ll, =9U2, fliatory of the Colony of New 1938, Some Notes on the Fla nufacture of Haven to its Absorption into Wampum Prior to 1654 (American Connecticut (with suppleme ntery Antiquity, vo1, 4, no, 1, pp, notes compiled by Robert Atwater 53-8, Menasha, Wisc, Smith, Meriden, Conn,), Butler, Eva L, beylos, Richard M, 1945. Sweat Houses in Southern New 1874. Historical end Descriptive England Area (Bulletin of the Sketches of Suffolk County Massachusetts Archaeological (Port Jefferson, N, Y, Society, vol, 7, no, 1, pp, 11- 15, Attleboro, Mess,), ^an ucuamp, William M, Byers, Douglas S„ end Frederick Johnson 1893. Eert hworka and Stockades (The American ant iquerian and Ori- 1940, Two Sites on Me rt he'a Vineyard ental Sour na 1, vo1, 13, no, 1, (Papers of the Robert S, Pea- PP. 42-51, Chicago, Z11, body Foundation for Archeology, ~ vol, 1, no, 1, Andover, Mess,), I 1898, Earthenware of the New York Aborigines (Bulletin, New York Denton, Daniel State Fluseum, no, 22, pp, 75- 146, Albany, N, Y,), 1670, A Brief Description of New York; formerly called New Net harlends Ly01, Wampum and Shell Articles Used (edited by G, Furman, New York, by the New York Indians (BUlle- N, Y „ 1845). Lin, New York State Muee um, no, 41, pp, 328-480, Albany, N, Y,), Easthampton Records 1905. .lborig inal Use of Wood in New 1887, Records of the Town of East- York (Bulletin, New York State hempton, Long Island, Suffolk Muee um, no, 89, PP. 87-272, County, New York, with other Albany, N, Y, Ancient Documents of iii stor k Ve lue (vol, 1, Sag-Harbor, nrodt.aau, Jonn komeyn Id, Y, j, j 185:. distort' of Lhe State of Idew York E11is, George W „ and Sohn E, Morris I (first of two vole„ New York, N. Y. -+ui t~+n, tti ploy 1906, King Phillip's War (New Pork, N. Y. ii • ~ i ~ 38 ARCHEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF CONNECTICUT: BULLETIN 24 ~f A Fernow, B. (edit or) 7efferson, Wayland i .i 1883. Documents Relating to the His- 1940, Cutchogue, So uthold's First tory of the Early Colonial Set- Colony (New York, N, Y, tlements Principally on Long Island (Documents Relating to Lewis, Virgil A, the Colonial History of the State of New York, vols, 12-14, 1906, First Bie nniel Report of the 1877-1833, Albenp, N, Y, Department of Archives and His- ;1 tory of the State of 'We at Vir- :i Ford, J, A „ and Gordon Willey ginia (Charle at on, 'W, Va, 9 1941, An Interpretation of the Pre- Meson John ,j history of the Eastern United ' 'y States (American Antnropologi at, 1637. A Brief History oP the Pequot Wa l n,s„ vol, 43, no, 3, pp• 325- (History of the Pequot War, pp, 63, N.e na sha, Wisc, r 1-46, edited by Charles Orr, 1897, Cleveland, Ohio), Gardener, Lion ti, Metraux, Alfred 1638, Le1Pt Lion Gardener his relation f~~' of the Pequot Warres (History of 1947. The Tupinambe (Handbook of South the Pequot We r, pp, 113-49, American Indians, Bulletin, t~ edited by Charles Orr, Cleveland, Bureau of American Ethnology, no I11„ 1897). 143, vol 3, pp, 95-133, 'Washing 11p1 ton, D, C, G Gardiner, David ~ O'Callagha n, E, B, 1841, Chronicles of the Town of East- hampton, New York (New York, 1849-51, The Documentary History of N, Y, the State of New York (4 vols„ Albany, N, Y, Hedlock, Wendell S, F'~ 1856-60, Documents Relative to the 1947. War Among the Northeastern Wood- Colonial ili story of the State of j( land Indians (American Anthro- New York (vols, 1-11, Albany, pologist, n, s„ vol, 49, no, 2, ,7, y,) pp, 204-221, Menasha, Wiac,), Orchard, William C, Harrington, PI, R, 1929. Beads and Beadwork of the Ameri- 1924. An Ancient Village Site of the can Indians (Contributions, N,u- k Shinnecock Zndians (Anthropolog- seam of the American Indian, ice( Papers of the American Heye Foundation, vo 1, 11, no, 7, Museum of Natural History, vol, New YorY., N, Y, N2,YP~. 5, PP. 227-83, New York, Pellets u, Wm, 5, t Hedges, H, P, ~ 1862, History of the Town of Southold y~ 1890, The Village and Town of Southemp- (in "History of Suffolk County," :1 ton (Sag Harbor, N, Y,), W, W, Mansell and Co„ New York, N, Y,), Hodge, Frederick Webb (editor) 1903. A History of Long Island (vol, 2 h~ 1910, Handbook of American Indians Peter Ross, editor, New York, North of Mezioo (Bulletin, Bureau N, Y,), of American Ethnology, no, 30, pt, 1, Washington, D, C, Pennypacke r, Morton Howell, George Rogers 1934. Southold Records Never Lost ~j (Brooklyn Times Union, p, 6A 1887, The Early History of Southampton, Brooklyn, N, Y„ May 4, 19341. NonY Island, New York (Albany, pritchard, Sohn E, Jaiae son, J, Franklin (editor) 1923. Tobacco Pipes of Bristol of the 17th Century and Their P:a kers 1909. Representation of New Netherland, (Transactions of the Bristol and 1650 (Narratives of New Nether- Gloucestershire Archeological lands, 1609-1664, pp. 293-354, Society, vol, 14, Bristol, Eng- New York, N, Y. land), i ~ SOLECKI: ARCHEOLOGICAL POSITION OF FORT CORCHAUG 39 nltah Se, William A, 1650, Aboriginal i~ionuments to the State of New York (Smithsonian 1944. The Pre-Iroquoian Occupations of Contributions to Knowledge, vol, New York State (Rochester Piuseum 2, Washington, D, C, Memoirs, vol, 1, Roche star, Steward, Julian H, N. Y, Noes, Fe ter 1942. The Direct 5istorical Approach to Archaeology (American Antiq- 1903, History of Long Island (4 vols„ uity, vol, 7, no, 4, PP. 337-43, New York, N, Y,), I^.ena she, W1sc, Nauee, Irving 1947. American Culture liistory in the ' Light of South i,merice (South- 1945. Styles of Pottery in Connecticut western Journal of Anthropology, ' (Bulletin of the Massachusetts vol, 3, no, 2, pp, 85-107, Seats Archeological Society, vol, 7, N• M•)• I no, 1, pp. 1-6, Attleboro, Strong, William Duncan ~ Mess,), 1947. Ceramic Traditions and Sequences 1935. An Introduction to Nebraska in Conneoticut (Bulletin of the Archeology (Smithsonian Miscel- ATCheologiaal Society of Connect- la neous Collections, vol, 93, no, icut, no, 21 pp. 10-25, New 10, Washington, D, C, Haven, Conn, , Swanton, John R, ,iovllle, Foster H, 1946, The Indians of the Southeastern ~ 1920, A Montauk Cemetery at Easthamp- United States(Bullet in, Bureau ton, Long Island (Indian Notes of American Ethnology, no, 137, i end Monographs, Museum of the Washington, D, C, ~I American Indian, vol, 2, No, 3, Thompson, B. F, New York, N, Y,). ' S.^.a ppard, Thomas 1843, HisYO,y of Long. Island (New York, 1902, Early Hull Tobacco Pipes end ~ Their Me kers (Hull Museum Pub- Tooker, 'd illiem lJa Llace ~ licat io ns, no, 6, Hull, Eng- - land), 1886, Tha Snuian Forc at Montauk (The Sag Harbor Express, vol, 29t no, °.c lcn, Carlyle S, 37, p. 1, Sag Harbor, N, Y, 1, i i 1944. Notes on the Archeology of Long 1889. Inaien Place-Names in East- 'i Island (BUlletln of tiie Massa- Hampton, Long Island with their chusetts archeological Society, Probable Sign if icet ion (Records vol, 5, no, 4, PP. 56-9, Andover, of the Town of East-Hampton, Long Island, vol, 4, pp. 1-10, Mess,), Suffolk Co „ N, Y„ 1889). ~ ' I 1947. An Outline of the Archeology of 1893 Inaien Relics (Long Island Coastal New York (Bulletin oP the ~ Archeological Society of Con- Magazine, Brooklyn, N, Y „ neeticut, no, 21, pp, 3-9, New April, 1893). Haven, Conn,), 1911, Indian Place Names on Long Is- 'i land, Sdew York (New York, N, Y, [+au WOld 'Town Records 1882, The Towns of Southold and River- Underhill, Captain Sohn i head, New York (vols, 1, 2, ' 1lbers A, B, end C, New York, 1638. News from America or a Idew end r ,r Experimental Discoverie of New ~ ° Y•)• England (reproduced by Under- Speck, Fre nk G, hill Society of America, Brook- lyn, N, Y „ 1902), 1y48, Native Tribes and Dia lasts of ~ Connecticut (Annual he port of Van der Uonck, :idriaen the Bureau of American Eth- nology, no, 43, pp. 199-287, 1656, A Description of New Netherland 'dashington, D, C, (Collections of New York ilis- torical Society, n,s„ vol, 1, S ,u Sar, ~ , C. lvew York, N, Y„ 1841), ~i ~ i 40 ARCHEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF CONNECTICUT': BULLETIN 24 Vincent, Philip t; Winslow, Edward ~ 1638, A True Relation of the Lete 1637. Letter of Edward Winslow to Joh i Battell fought in New England Winthro (History of Pe quot Wer, pp, 93_ Massa chuaettslHiatorical Societ 112, Cherlea Orrt editor, Cleve- series C, land, Ohio, 18971, ~ 4, vol, 6, Boston, Mass, 1 1863), Viasoher, Nicholas Winthrop, James r~ 1651, Mep entitled "Novi Belgii eta, 16 0- tabula multis in locis emendoat a 3 49. History of New England r Nicolao Joannis Visschero" (The (Original D:a rratives of Early Inconography of Manhattan Island American History (W inthrop•s 1498-1909, by I, N, Phelps Stokes Journe l), edited by James vol, 1, P1, 7, b, New York N, Y,' Kendall Hosme r, vol, 1, New 1915). ' > York, 1908), ,A Woodward, Arthur ~;j Whitaker, Reverend Epher 1931, White kerns Southold (edited b 1940, A Few Notes on the Use of Trade y Goods in establishing Historic C, E, Craven, Princeton, N, J,), Chronology of Archeological ~ Willoughby, Charles C, Sites (1\otebook, Society for ~;I American archaeology, November, 11 1906, Houses end Gardens oP the New pp• 147-52, Mena she, Wisc, England Indiana (American Anthro- pologiat, n,s„ vol, 8, no, 1, C~ pp, 115-32, Lancaster, Pa, River ?asin Surveys 1!' 1935. Antiquities oP the New England Smithsonian Institut is `t~ Indians (Peabody Museum, Cam- u' bridge, Mess,), iJa shington, D, C, Y~ t~ N i rl .1 y i A HISTORY OF IVIATTITUCK, ~ LONG ISLAND, N. Y. BY REV. CHARLES E. CRAVEN. REV. CHARLES [EDDHSTCN CRAB"EN. PUBLISHED FOR THE AUTHOR. Property of long Island Chapter N. Y. S. Archeological Association Southold, New York . "f 'e ~'k. IO A HISTORY OF MATTITUCIi. I A HISTORY OS MATTITUCK. 17 This interesting deed conveyed Mattatuck to Gov. alh~ called i\Iattituck Pond in the early Southold rec-. Eaton as the representative of the New Haven Colon}. ords.x The Canoe Path, along which the Indians trans- The Colony strictly enforced at that time a late forbid- ported their canoes from creek to creek, leaving the ding private purchase of land from Indians. The Col- head of Reeve's Creek (then "Conegums") passed a ony of course held the land for the benefit of the South- few rods east of the ninth mile-stone from Riverhead, old Plantation. followed the line of the hedge in the rear of the Meth- Ten years later, at a General Court in New IIaven," odist Episcopal parsonage and the other lots on the • May z6th, 1658, "The Deputies of Southold propounded ye desires of their towne to repurchase of ye jurisdic- _ tion a pcell [parcel] of land called Mattatock and Akka- bawke, wch ye court considering, by vote declared, that they pa}'ing ] ]i. in good pay, }'e said land is theires, wch was accepted by their deputies:' The two South- old deputies that year were Thomas Moore and Barna- bas Horton, both of whom are represented by ]iveai descendants in "Mattatock" today. The seven pounds were paid the nest year "in wampom." _ The ;Mattatuck that was thus sold to the New Haven Colony by the Indians and then by the Colony to the people of Southold la}' beriveen Corchake (Cutchn~uci and Acquebaak (Aquebogue) and covered the wcstcnr half of the present village of _llattihlcl:. It c~h•udcd from the Sound to Peconic Bay and from the Gehl: Conegums and the Indian Canoe Path on the cast u, TxE eovE. an indefinite western bovndarv. The Indian name The boats along the share are near the Indian Canoe Place. "Conegums" means "a boundary place," and the creek west side of Pacific street and crossing the north road so called by the Indians is doubtless Reeve's Creek followed the line now dividing the Donovan property (sometimes called James' Creek) opening into the Ba} from \Ir. Edward S Horton until it reached the shore a little east of the Bay Road. The "Mattihtck Pond" of \Iattihtck Creek.} This portage at Mattituck, to- of the Indian deed is Mattituck Creek. It is occasion- "Southold Printed Records, Vol. I., p. 61, p. 108. .The Canoe Path or Canoe Place at Mattituck Is commonly "New Haven Colonial Records, Vol. IL, p. 233. supposed to have followed the line of Love Lane, passing - I ;1,: t nrrol:r or ~IArrrrccK. ( 1 A Ir ISTORY OF nIATTITUCK. I~ "fhc band of colonists who set out from New Haven Ma. TREOPIIILUS EATON, Governor of the jurisdiction :n 164o and settled Southold in Long Island soon ac- of Newhaven, and to MR. STEVEN GOODYEARE, Deputy quired "all that tract of land scihlate lying and being Governor for and h1 behalfe of the jurisdictions, all that ~ t the Eastward end of Long Island and bounded kith land lying between Corchake and Ucquebaak, commonly ~ the Ricer called in the English toung the A~'eadivg called Mattatlck, or what name or names soever it be ~ ~ Iireck, in the Ltdian toung Pauquaconsuk, on the bVest, called, bounded on the East with the creek Conegums ~ ~ti; To au~l wiUl Plum Island on the East, with and the way leading there to Mattatuck pond, for the uic Sound called the ATOrth Sea on the North, and tvitll ~ drawing over of their Canooes; and on the South with j a P.ivcr or arms of the Sca on ye South, r ~ § the great coq and on the forth with the Sea, and west- rq~ethcr with all Decks of lands meadows ward to Ucquebaak and beyond, So far as his right or Islands, rivers Iireels with timber, woods and any of theirs do extend, provided that he may enjoy the ' woodlands, fishing foouling, htmting, avd all other com- ! privilidges of his Ancestors, namely, the skins of such modifies whatsoever unto the said tract of land and Dear as are taken by the Lldians iu the waters and the Lclanrl belonging, as Corchaug and Matta- Indian Canoes drawn upon the shore, to have and to tuck, and a]] other tracts of land:' This description of hold all that tract of land as before expressed, with the the ancient boundaries of Southold Town is quoted from creeks, meddowes, uplands, and all their appertenances zn Indian Deed of t665,* wherein forty-three Indians to the said Theophihis Eaton and Stephen Goodyeare, I confirmed the Town's right to the several tracts involved l Esquires, in behalfe of the jurisdictions to them, their whidt had been previously "purchased, procured and heirs and assigns, with Warrantie against the aforesaid paid for of the Sachems and Indians our Auncestors." paununiss Sachem and his three brothers and there The original deed for the tract known to the Indians as ~ havres and assignes, and all, every other person what- \[attatuck is preserved in the records of Brookhaven soever claiming any right or title, by or under them, in or 1f .Town,} and runs as follows: to all or anv the above specified, or any parcel thereof. These presents witness that Uxs~ucr.-~sscnl, otherwise In ~~-itness whereof the aforesaid Usquepassum, Week- called the paummis Sachem, together with his three ~ wzcup, Noweonney and Neesantequaggus have sett their brothers, V1Z: WEE6VACUP, NOwCONNEEY, NEESANT- hand, and seales the one and twenty of March, 1648. ~~unccus, for and [in) consideration of two fathoms of Jcaled and delivered I-IAnIAI:1nI pons - s: wampum, one iron pott, six coats, ten knives, fower in the presence of us, deceased grantee. hooks and forty needles payd into their hands at the Jo Yoxcs, UxsguEPASSUnI, - cnsealing hereof, have granted, bargained and solrl unto Sa~I Youxcs WEEKWACUP, JOSH PARKER NOWEONNEY, I .Southold Prin[ed Records, Vol. IL, p, 6. 13 rookhacen Printed Records, Vol. L, p. 76. NEESANTEQUAGGUS. - 'r { ; r i 32 A HIST02Y OB M:\TTIT UC R. hundred to one hundred and twenty acres each. South of the highway the Corchang ]and lies in sis large "necks" separated from cacti other be creeks opening from the Ea}~. These, in order from east to west, are Poole's Neck, Robin's Island Ncck, Corchaug Neck, Fort Neck, Pessapunck Neck and Reeve's Neck. Poole's CHAPTER II. Neck became the properh of \V'illiam \Vells, and is now olvued by the Fleet family, his lineal descendants. Rob- Txe occorATlos oa TI3E Lexn. in's Island Neck, now the site of the village of New In the preceding chapter a brief account has bee: Suffolk avd of much of the village of Cutchogue, fell to given of the earliest ownership of the first finer ucd: John Eooth. The Corchaug and Fort Necks had been in the Corchaug South Dividend. \4/c come now t divided before 1661 into main- 20-acre lots. These two the two necks that lie within the village of \laniWck necks were the home ground of the Indians in the vicin- namely, Pessapuncke Neck and Reeve's Neck. mud ih-. On the one was their village and on the other a fuller account of the ownership and settlement ~f the= stockade or fort where the women and children were is now to be given. The Pessapuncke Nccl: wa_ all~rtta guarded in time of conflict with hostile tribes. A hollow in the division of 1661 to John Eoot11 and the great ncc iu the ground, solve three or four rods across, sur- (Reeve's) behceen the Pessapundce and t`:e Cacc rounded by traces of a circular embankment still marks Place was chosen as the three lots of \V-illiarl i'urrie, the site of this fort on the eastern side of the neck, near Perrier already held the meadoly on the western burd< the creek that separates it from Robin's Island Neck. of this neck, and his choice of land was probabic in!II The settlers found these necks already cleared for the enced b}' that circumstance. most part, and this arable land amid the adjoining The Pessapuncke neck takes its name from the k stretches of unbroken forest was very precious. For cation upon it of an Indian "sweating place" sonx~whe; many rears a hvenh~ acre lot in this "Old Indian Field" - near the water. The Pessapund:c was the Indian or "Corchaug Eroad Field," as it was called, was more Turkish bath. Roger \Villiams sa}'s of it, in his "I" vahcable than hundreds of acres of woodland. These to Languages in ~ncrica," °This Ilot-house i< a kind lots frequently changed hands by way of sale or ex- a little cell or case, six or eight foot ovrr, n:nl~l, via, change, and early in the 18th century were owned on the side of a hill (commonl}• by some Piculct chiefly by members of the Horton family, who also held Erooke) into this frequently the men enter nicer th a number of lots across the highway in the North Divi- have exceedingly heated it with store of wood. l;cid i dead. on a. heap of stones in the middle. \\'hen thcr ha • - taken out the fire the stones keep still a great heat. Te ~ Stype Brothers Real Estate, Inc. ' 12985 MAIN ROAD, P.O. BOX 63, MATTITUCK, NEW YORK 11952 (516) 298-8760 FAX (516) 298-5779 1 _ ~ ~ Il ldpin.,~ ,,,m,~ - - - ' 10/22/97 ' Mr. Jim McMahon -Community Development Town of Southold ' Main Road Southold, NY 11971 ' RE:Baxter Property, Main Road, Cutchogue, NY 11935 Dear Mr. McMahon: ' In accordance with your request I am submitting a real estate appraisal regazding the commercial property referenced above. ' The valuation is effective the inspection date of 10/15/97. ' The instructions are to indicate a current market value of 51 acres of unimproved woodland and creekfront acreage of a 105+- acre pazcel. ' The appraisal will be aself-contained report and completed under the guidelines set forth from New York State and the Appraisal Foundation. ' Upon consideration for sales data and current mazket trends the mazket value for the subject property will be: ' $ 1,170,000. Market Value ' Thank you, please let me know if I can be of further assistance. ~ -1 Ve t y us ' ADS:kb S~ ' Tabl of on n a ' Transmittal Page face Part 1. ' A. Summary O1 B. Purpose of Appraisal 02 C. Definition Interest Appraised 03 ' D. Function of Appraisal 09 E. Use and Scope 09 F. Appraisal Problem OS t G. Brief History of Suffolk 06 H. Township & Neighborhood 07-11 I. Economic Trends 12 ' J. Ownership 12 K. Occupancy 12 L. Sales History 12 ' Part 2. A. Description of Building & Site 13 ' B. Zoning 14 C. Taxes 14 D. Highest & Best Use 15 ' E. Valuation Process 16 F. Three Approaches to Value 17 G. Sales Comparison - Grid 18 ' G. Comparable Sales #1 to #9 19-22 G. Market Data Correlation 23 H. Final Reconciliation 24 ' Part 3. A&B. Assumptions & Limiting Conditions 25,26 Part 4. ' Subject Pictures 27 Subject Hagstrom Map 28,29 ' Subject Tax Map 30 Comparable Map 31 Appraiser Certification 32 ' Appraiser Qualification 33-38 1 Part 1. A. Summary of S lien Fac s nd Con 1 ~sions Property Rights Appraised Fee Simple Type of Property Farmland 1 ' Location Main Road, Cutchogue, NY 11935 t SCTM 1000-116-1-3 ' Reputed Owners Baxter Property ' Zoning Agriculture-Conservation ' Highest & Best Use Current Zoning ' Buildings vacant creekfront woodlands ' Site 51 acres ' Date of Appraisal 10/15/97 Indicated Value---------------------------------- $1,170,000. 1 ' O1 ' Part 1. B ' Pose of the A,gpraisal This appraisal is made for the purpose of amving at an opinion as to the ' indicated fair market value of the subject property for its highest and best value, if offered for sale on the open market under conditions prevailing as of 10/15/97, and is based on a physical inspection, including zoning, utility, location, topography, present t and potential use and market data. The rights will be in fee simple. 1 1 1 1 1 ' 02 ~ • 1 f Parr l _ Definition of Market Value and Interest Annraised ' Mazket value means the most probable price which a property should bring in a competitive and open mazket under all conditions requisite to a fair sale, the buyer and seller each acting prudently and knowledgeably, and assuming the price is not affected by undue stimulus. Implicit in this definition is the consummation of a sale as of a ' specified date and the passing of title from seller to buyer under conditions whereby; 1) Buyer and seller are typically motivated; 2) Both parties are well informed or well advised, and acting in what they consider their own best interests; 3) A reasonable time is allowed for exposure in the open market; 4) Payment is made in terms of cash in U.S. dollars or in terms of financial arrangements comparable thereto; 5) The price represents normal consideration for the property sold unaffected by special or creative ' financing or sales concessions granted by anyone associated with the sale. The interests to be appraised aze fee simple. 03 ~ • • i ~ Part l" D. Function of the Appraisal ' To establish a potential market value for the subject property herein described as of 10/15/97. F.. Tce nd crane of the Appraisal ' This appraisal will be used by the client for internal personal and business use. The scope of my appraisal includes: 1) extensive research of the mazket; 2) collection ' and confirmation of the indicated data; 3) analysis of all data to arrive at an appropriate value estimate; 4) reporting my conclusions in a logical method. 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 ' 04 1 ' Part ] . F. ' Appraisal Problem This appraisal is made for the purpose of current mazket value of 51 acres of ' vacant creekfront woodland. This pazcel is to be subdivided from a 105+- total acreage pazcel. The rights aze fee simple. There are no improvements. The pazcel is ' documented to contain the former site of a historical Indian fort. All three approaches to value will be examined to determine the final valuation. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' OS ' Part 1. G. ' A Brief History of Suffolk County ' Suffolk County has been profoundly influenced by its proximity to New England and New York City, and by the sea which defines its borders on three sides. Occupying the eastern two-thirds of Long Island, which juts 120 miles into the ' Atlantic Ocean, the county covers over 900 square miles of territory, the north borders on Long Island Sound. It is 86 miles long and 20 miles at its widest point. The weather is temperate, the water abundant and the soil good. From the beginning there has existed a ' variety of conditions which have made this land for all manner of living things. The first small bands of settlers came from the New York and Connecticut areas. Dutch villagers sprang up on the western end of Long Island; English settlements in ' Suffolk. A power struggle between England and the Netherlands was settled in 1650 with a north-south line, an international boundary, dividing existing colonies in New England and Long Island. On Long Island the line ran approximately where the western border of Suffolk County now exists. Suffolk was English territory. Settlements of the period included Gazdiner's Island, Southold, Southampton, Shelter Island, East Hampton and ' Huntington. Suffolk County is now a major industrial and business area. The average household size is approximately 3 persons. The mean household income is approximately $ 55,000. ' The unemployment rate is approximately 6% -these figures taken from Lilco 1990. It is serviced by adequate public transportation offering a major airport, highways and rail service. The county has a population of approximately 1.4 million residents with that ' figure swelling substantially in the summer months. 1 1 ' 06 1 ' H_ Neighborhood Analysis A Brief History of the Town of o rthold The Town of Southold was settled in 1640 with the lands being purchased subsequently from the Indians a little at a time. By 1646 the final borders were ' established as they exist today. Southold Town extends from Riverhead Town on the west border to the eastern most tip of the North Fork of Long Island. It is bordered to the north by Long Island Sound, on the east by Plum Gut and Atlantic Ocean and to the south by the Peconic Bays. Southold also includes Fisher's Island which is twenty-two miles from Orient ' Point and six miles from New London, Connecticut. The major industries are farming, wineries and fishing. There aze three major school districts, volunteer fire departments and Eastern Long Island Hospital in Grcenport services the North Fork. The current ' population is approximately 22,000 and increases 2-3 times in the summer months. The median family income for the Town of Southold according to estimates made in 1988 was in the range of $35,200. per year. Unemployment is approximately 6%. Brief Description of the Hamlet of Cutchogi~ Cutchogue, originally named for the Corchaug Indians, means "greatest or principle place." It was the first of Southold's colonies established 1660's. ' Cutchogue is a hamlet of the Town of Southold with a population of approximately 3,082 acwrding to 1/1/90 Long Island Light Co. estimates. The population swells by 2 to 3 times greater in the summer months. The unemployment rate ' is 7.9% as of 1990. Cutchogue borders to the north on Long Island Sound and to the south on Peconic Bay. ' Cutchogue is made up of mostly residential properties, fazmland and light commercial property. The major employers aze agricultural followed closely by independent business owners. Cutchogue is part of the Mattituck-Cutchogue School ' District which is one three central school districts in the Town of Southold. Cutchogue has its own volunteer fire department. Eastern Long Island Hospital in Greenport offers medical services. 1 1 ' 07 NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS Between 1970 and 1980, the number of Nassau-Suffolk households increased by 16.1 percent from 696,643 to 809,120. In contrast, between 1980 and 1990 there was an increase of just 46,094 households or 5.7 percent. The estimated increase over the ' 1990 Census at January 1, 1993 totals 8,256 households or 1 percent. ' Nassau County leads Suffolk County in the number of year-round households by a margin of about 2,000. Suffolk though, has a greater number of persons residing in households. During the summer months though, Suffolk with the large number of seasonal housing, has the greater number. Year-Round Households ' by Major Municipality Nassau County 1980 Census 1990 Census 1993 Estimate ' Nor[h Hempstead 74,035 74,587 74,987 Hempstead 235,501 239,294 240,033 Long Beach City 13,227 13,592 13,778 ' Oyster Bay 92,445 95,576 95,913 Glen Cove City 8,193 8,466 8,504 Total 423,401 431,515 433,215 ' Suffolk County Huntington 60,142 62,841 63,334 ' Babylon 61,097 64,506 X5,204 Islip 84,881 89,726 90,829 Smithtown 31,986 35,565 36,129 Brookhaven 109,266 129,137 132,107 Riverhead 7,492 8,736 8,879 Southampton 16,747 18,164 18,510 ' Southold 7,461 8,125 8,252 East Hampton 5,760 6,882 6,988 Shelter Island 887 1,017 1,023 ' Total 385,719 424,699 431,255 Nassau-Suffolk Total 809,120 856,214 864,470 ' Queens County Rockaway Peninsula 32,553 34,005 34,240 08 HOUSEHOLD SIZE On January 1, 1993, the average household size in the Nassau-Suffolk area is estimated to be 2.96,.03 less than the 2.99 persons per household reported for the bi-county area by the 1990 U.S. Census. This figure is still substantially above the national average, which was 2.63 in 1990. While the average size of households has declined in both counties, the number of households has continued to increase. Both the decrease in household size, and the increase in the number of households are attributed in part to the growing number of one person households. According to the Census Bureau the number of Nassau-Suffolk ' single person households has more than doubled since 1970. In 1970 there were 65,696 households in this catagory, in 1980 112,567 were reported, and 1990 revealed 141,640 one person households. The number of retirement housing units such as those ' found in Leisure Village and similar complexes also contribute to a smaller overall household size. It does so by retaining population with a smaller average household size that might otherwise be lost to other areas of the State or Country. Another ' contributing factor to smaller household sizes has been the long term trend of fewer children per family. ' Estimated Average Household Size by Major Municipality ' 1980 Census 1990 Census 1993 Estimate Nassau County 3.08 2.94 2.92 ' North Hempstead 2.93 2.80 2.79 Hempstead 3.10 2.99 2.97 Long Beach City 2.39 2.35 2.35 ' Oyster Bay 3.26 3.01 2.97 Glen Cove City 2.94 2.78 2.76 ' Suffolk County 3.25 3.04 3.01 Huntington 3.28 3.00 2.96 ' Babylon 3.29 3.10 3.07 Islip 3.42 3.26 3.25 Smithtown 3.53 3.10 3.04 Brookhaven 3.26 3.07 3.05 ' Riverhead 2.62 2.55 2.54 Southampton 2.51 2.41 2.39 Southold 2.54 2.42 2.40 ' East Hampton 2.41 2.32 2.31 Shelter Island 2.31 2.23 2.21 Queens County ' Rockaway Peninsula 3.02 2.88 2.87 1 ' 09 AGE OF HOUSING UNITS 1 ' Period of Construction Nassau County Suffolk County ' Year Structure Built Number Percent Number Percent 1989 -March 1990 1,832 0.4% 6,039 1.3% ' 1985 - 1988 9,189 2.1 % 30,705 6.4 1980-1984 9,933 2.2% 23,181 4.8% 1970 - 1979 25,050 5.6% 98,944 20.6% ' 1960- 1969 62,461 14.0% 127,509 26.5% 1950- 1959 159,849 35.8% 105,721 22.0% 1940- 1949 83,055 18.6% 32,699 6.8% 1939 or earlier 94,923 21.3 % 56,519 11.7% ' Median Year of Construction by Major Municipality ' Major Municipality Year Nassau County 1953 North Hempstead Town 1951 Hempstead Town 1951 Long Beach City 1955 ' Oyster Bay Town 1956 , Glen Cove City 1955 ' Suffolk County 1964 Huntington Town 1959 Babylon Town 1959 Islip Town 1962 Smithtown Town 1965 Brookhaven Town 1969 ' Riverhead Town 1964 Southampton Town 1966 Southold Town 1960 East Hampton Town 1971 ' Shelter Island Town 1963 ' Source: 1990 U.S. Census 1 1 ' 10 ' Distribution of Household Income in 1989 Numbers of Households by Major Municipality Nassau County North Glen Cove Hempstead Long Beach Hempstead Oyster Bay Lower Limit City Town City Town Town ' $0 1,215 24,515 2,475 6,959 7,616 $15,000 1,498 34,661 2,286 9,384 11,037 $30,000 1,682 39,697 2,518 10,518 14,472 $45,000 1,085 41,020 2,004 10,120 15,271 $60,000 930 32,425 1,547 8,989 13,858 $75,000 956 33,066 1,338 9,646 15,081 ' $100,000 416 16,333 665 6,385 7,714 $125,000 206 7,034 231 3,391 3,528 $150,000 429 10,516 447 9,059 6,925 , Median $42,982 $52,286 $41,495 $60,320 $59,286 Mean $61,409 $62,934 $50,786 $86,331 $74,453 ' Suffolk County Huntington Babylon Islip Smithtown Brookhaven Lower Limit Town Town Town Town Town $0 5,068 7,424 8,596 2,738 15,486 ' $15,000 7,181 10,158 12,987 4,038 20,797 $30,000 9,245 12,521 17,256 4,941 ~ 25,767 $45,000 9,557 12,214 17,624 5,973 25,500 t $60,000 8,249 9,307 13,357 5,744 17,747 $75,000 10,140 7,691 11,641 6,176 14,291 $100,000 5,689 3,075 4,723 3,066 5,786 $125,000 2,863 1,132 1,584 1,242 1,992 ' $150,000 4,858 915 1,799 1,532 1,970 Median $60,530 $47,074 $50,212 $60,068 $46,339 ' Mean $75,090 $52,135 $55,504 $68,184 $51,257 Riverhead Southampton Southold East Hampton Shelter Island Lower Limit Town Tnwn Town Town Town ' $0 1,935 3,476 1,534 1,108 146 $15,000 2,029 3,790 1,843 1,444 222 ' $30,000 1,390 3,510 1,734 1,344 216 $45,000 1,459 2,627 1,174 970 163 $60,000 778 1,762 819 636 81 ' $75,000 642 1,223 603 464 84 $100,000 305 531 199 306 28 $125,000 76 388 66 189 24 $150,000 73 756 204 381 51 ' Median $32,655 $36,859 $35,392 $40,063 $39,960 Mean $40,613 $51,261 $45,806 $56,352 $55,214 ' Source: 1990 U.S. Census 11 Part 1. i. ~ nomi Tr .ndc ' The beginning of 1984 indicated a increase in mazket activity. More buyers entered the mazketplace and prices began to increase due to a lack of listings. This trend escalated real estate prices each year to the end of 1986. In the eazly part of 1987 we witnessed a peak in real estate mazket activity and prices. ' In 1988 thru 1990 we have seen a down trend in real estate mazket value mainly due to a oversupply of listings, lack of motivated sellers, few buyers and poor economic conditions. ' The end of 1990 and the eazly part of 1991 had indicated a bottoming out of prices and a slight increase in market activity. The eazly part of 1992 to the current time has continued to indicate more mazket activity mainly due to more realistic pricing of ' sellers and a increase of buyer interest. In 1993 the East End of Long Island generated its most sales since 1988. A combination of low bank interest rates and motivated sellers were the major reasons. 1994 was similar. ' In 1995 and 1996 in particulaz the mazket activity has increased and currently rated as good for low priced homes and homesites and fair to good for other price ranges ' depending on the offering prices. Vacant acreage and farms have indicated a increase in number of sales. Commercial properties currently have a similar trend based on asking prices. The overall marketplace is currently rated as "active market" and the active trend ' appears to continue into 1997 and 1998. ' 77. O~ershin According to records available through the Suffolk County Real Property Tax rolls ' for the Town of Southold, the ownership is recorded as follows: Baxter Properties?William J. Baxter ' K.Occunancv The subject is occupied as unimproved inlet woodlands and tillable farmland. ' L. Sales History of the Suhject ' The subject property has been in the same ownership since 3/25/59, fiber 4805 page 380. ' 12 P rt 2. A. Val ~a ion of h n it _ Prclpertr Site. 1 The total subject parcel is approximately 105+- acres. This appraisal is to value 51+- total acres. This section is located along the northeast border. Please see master ' plan attached. This 51 acre pazcel will have approximately 500'+- on Main Road x 2,700' deep. The site is rectangular in shape and generally follows the woodline. There is crcekfront access along the east border to Downs Creek a shallow bay inlet not ' suitable for boating. The property is mostly rolling woodlands. There is meadow and marshland along the waterfront border. There aze a few old frame buildings in poor ' condition with no value. The site is not located in a flood area. The site is considered subdividable -all rights aze intact. Main Road is a macadam road publicly maintained, there aze street lights. The public utilities aze electric, telephone and cable. Water is to ' be provided from private well and there would be private cesspools. The subject is located in a predominant fazm and residential azea. The nearest commercial district is Cutchogue Village located 1 mile east. 1 1 1 1 1 ' 13 P rt 2. B. nning ' The subject is zoned Agricultural-Conservation. The purpose is to reasonably control and prevent the unnecessary loss of open lands containing azeas of prime ' agricultural soils. Southold town desires to regulate the subdivision and development of such lands while honoring the legitimate interests of fazmers and other fazmland owners. ' Permitted uses include: one family dwellings, agricultural operations, buildings and structures owned or operated by the Town of Southold, schools, park and fire ' districts. ' Minimum lot requirements aze: - 80,000 sq.' per homesite ' - 175' lot width ' - 250' lot depth - lot coverage 20 1 C. Rea_1 F_st-ate Taxes ' According to the Town of Southold the annual taxes and assessed value for ' 1996-1997 aze as follows for the whole parcel: Assessed Value 27100/28600 total ' Taxes $ 19,163.93 The taxes for the subject's 51+- acres would be approximately $ 9,600. per year. 14 ' P rt~ 2. D. _Highest nd Bect ofth ~bj Proper v ' Highest & Best Use is defined as: -The reasonable and probable use that supports the highest present value of vacant land or improved property, as defined as of the date of the appraisal. ' -The reasonably probable and legal use of land or sites as though vacant, found to be physically possible, appropriately supported, financially feasible, and that results in the highest present land use. - There are four stages of analysis: 1) Physically Possible Use ' 2) Permissible Use (legal) 3) Financially Feasible Use 4) Maximally Productive Use The subject's current zoning offers the highest and best use. The zoning is very ' compatible with adjoining properties. There are one and two acre homesites in newer subdivisions nearby. 1 ' 15 ' Part 2. E. ' V 1 is ion Pr ecc The valuation process is an orderly logical and concise method of reaching an estimate of value. The major steps include: 1) Definition of the valuation problem 2) Preliminary study 3) Data collection and analysis 4) Application of the three approaches 5) Reconciliation of value indications 6) Final estimate of value t Following this procedure assists the appraiser in reaching a sound value conclusion. During the process the appraiser is guided by his knowledge of real estate economics and conditions existing in the subject mazket. All available information concerning the subject property is considered in relationship to economic principles and of the three approaches which will provide the most accurate indicator of defined value. These value indications aze reconciled by the appraiser and the final valuation indication ' is estimated. In the case of the subject property, the appraiser has relied on the mazket data ' sales approach. This approach takes the reaction of investors into consideration and available data has been reconciled for dissimilarities from other properties during the comparison process and derived a final estimate value. The income approach and cost ' approach will also be reviewed. ' 16 Part 2. F" 1 Indicated Value by the Cost Anoroach ' The Cost Approach is that approach in the appraisal analysis which is based on the supposition that the informed purchaser would pay no more than the cost of producing a ' substitute property with the same utility as the subject property. It is in this appraiser's opinion the Cost Approach is not considered a fair indicator of value due to the lack of improvements on the subject pazcel. 1 Indicated Value by the Income Approach ' The Income Approach is that approach which converts anticipated benefits to be derived from the ownership of property into a value estimate widely used in appraising income producing properties. The Income Approach is not considered a valid indicator of value due to the lack ' of farms sold for net income. ' Indicated Value by The Market Data Sales Comparison A~oach The market was searched for property sales in the Town of Southold. Recent sales of property that are most similaz to the subject property have been considered in the market analysis. The analysis includes a dollar adjustment reflecting market reaction to those items ' of significant variation between the subject and comparable properties. If a significant item in the comparable property is superior to, or more favorable than, the subject property, a minus adjustment is made, thus reducing the indicated ' value of the subject. If a significant item in the comparable is inferior to, or less favorable than, the subject property, a plus adjustment is made, thus increasing the indicated value of the subject. ' The market data approach will be used as a valid indicator of value for the subject property. 17 ub'ect ale #1 ale #2 ale #3 ale #4 Location: Route 25 Main Road Mill Road Ore on Road Or on Road Cutcho ue Southold Mattituck Cutcho ue Cutcho ue crea e: 51 acres 3.82 2 37.3 34 Sale Price: n/a $475,000 $520,000 $825,000 $900,000 Per Acre: n/a $19,941 $23,636 $22,118 $26,471 Sale Date: urrent 7/3/97 7/12/93 9/2/97 8/27/97 Im rovements: inlet woodland inlet woodland & farm inlet woodland oundfront fans oundfront fans d'ustments: °k ime of Sale: current 0 0 0 0 onditions: ood 0 0 0 0 crea a/Sha e: 51 0 0 0 0 0 o ra h: rollin 10°k 0 0 0 Location: ical 0 0 0 0 ater Su I: ical 0 0 0 0 Develo ment: ical 0 0 0 0 Floodin no 0 0 0 0 onin 80,000 0 0 0 0 Proximit : ical 0 0 0 0 • Buildin s: none 0 0 -5% 0 otal Ad'ustments: n/a 10°k 0% -5% 0% Indicated Value: $522,500 ;520,000 $783,750 $900,000 Per Acre: $21,935 $23,636 $21,012 $26,471 a Comparable Sales Information Sale No: .L Date of Sale: 7/3/97 Selling Price: $475,000 Grantor: Elak and ors Grantee: Little Bear Realty Improvements: none SCTM#: 1000-75-6-6.1 Parcel Size: 23.82 acres Location: Main Road, Southold, NY Condition: inlet woodland and farm Price per acre: $19,941 Zoning: R-80 Liber/page: Data Source: grantor Utilities: typical Highest/Best: current zoning ~-~s.- - - kt vY: -'+pIF^.r. tea, y- ~-'a...'~~..~r.~.~i` 19 Comt~s?rahl P Sales Infnrmati can Sale No: 2- Date of Sale: 7/12/93 Selling Price: $520,000 Grantor: Rowan Grantee: Neumann Improvements: house, shed - poor condition SCTM#: 1000-107-1-1 Parcel Size: 22 acres Location: Mill Road, Mattituck, NY Condition: inlet woodlands Price per acre: $23,636 Zoning: R-80 Liber/page: Data Source: grantor Utilities: typical Highest/Best: current zoning ~ , . _ w ~ ' N ~y N t - ~j ~~x ~ ~ $ . 'S-.'~ ~ 1. 3, .e V,.1. n'2t~ ~.'.Qv~.~`` ``fie 20 Combarable Sales Information Sale No: 3 Date of Sale: 9/2/97 Selling Price: $825,000 Grantor: Brown Grantee: Mengar Improvements: house, sheds, fair condition SCTM#: 1000-94-3-2 Parcel Size: 37.3 acres Location: Oregon Road, Cutchogue, NY Condition: soundfront farm Price per acre: $22,118 Zoning: R-80 Liber/page: Data Source: grantor Utilities: typical Highest/Best: current zoning - - M 21 Comma ab1 Sal Tnfc~rmafiinn Sale No: 9- Date of Sale: 8/27/97 Selling Price: $900,000 Grantor: Baer Grantee: Little Bear Realty Improvements: old house - poor condition SCTM#: 1000-95-1-2 Parcel Size: 34 acres Location: Oregon Road, Cutchogue, NY Condition: soundfront farm Price per acre: $26,471 Zoning: R-80 Liber/page: Data Source: grantor Utilities: typical Highest/Best: current zoning r - ,t t, _Yy - __~.I:i •5. ,.r. fI~ ~1WlI:i1~l 22 Part 2. ' Market Da a ('on latinn The sales were selected for their similar waterfront location of acreage ' properties. All sales aze located in the Town of Southold and considered very similaz to the subject. The parcels all have rights in fee simple. Sales were researched to 1993 ' considered a similar mazketplace - no time adjustment necessary. The adjustments will be made on a per acre basis - a accepted measure of unit for fazm property. ' Sale #1 was adjusted for inferior topography due to the steep slopes and wetlands -considered inferior to the subject. This sale is located on a shallow bay inlet. ' Sale #2 was not adjusted. This is a crcekfront sale considered very similaz to the subject. This sale has buildings in poor condition. Sale #3 was adjusted for a house and barn in fair condition and considered superior to the subject. This is a soundfront farm, the mean home values would be similar to the subject. ' Sale #4 was not adjusted. This is a soundfront farm considered similaz to the subject. ' After adjustments the subject indicated a range of value from $ 21,000 an acre ' to $ 26,500 per acre. The value indicated for the subject will be: $ 23,000. per acre x 51 acres = $ 1,173,000. ' round off to: $ 1,170,000. ' Mazket Value 1 ' 23 Part 2. H. Final Reconciliation All three approaches to value were examined to determine the final value estimate. The cost approach was not used due to the lack of substantial improvements ' on the subject site. The income approach was not used due to the lack of fazms sold for their net income. Fazms may generate enough to pay real estate taxes -not considered ample for investor interest. The market data sales comparison approach is considered ' the best indicator of value and sales of waterfront fazms were used to determine the final value. Adjustments were made for value differences and the final value was ' indicated on a per acre value. After consideration for the mazket data approach, the current mazketplace and trends, the subject would indicate a current fair mazket value of: ' $ 23,000. per acre x 51 acres = $ 1,173,000. round off to: $ 1,170,000. Mazket Value es t~fnlly m' ted, ' rew D. 1 ' 24 ' Part 3 A&B Ctatement of R cic Acc ~mptionc & Limittionc ' Accmm~ ionc & T imi ing t'onditionc ' 1. The appraiser will not be required to give testimony or appeaz in court because of having made this appraisal, unless arrangements have been previously made therefor. 2. Possession of this report, or a copy therefor, does not carry with it the right of publication. It may not be used for any purpose by any person other than the party to whom it is addressed, without the written consent of the appraiser; and in any event, ' only with proper written qualification, and only in its entirety. ' 3. The distribution of the total valuation in this report between land, and improvements, applies only under the reported highest and best use of the property. The allocations of value for land and improvements must not be used in conjunction with any other appraisal, and aze invalid if so used. 4. Neither all nor any part of the contents of this report, or copy thereof, shall be ' conveyed to the public through advertising, public relations, news, sales, or any other media, without the written consent and approval of the appraiser. Nor shall the appraiser, firm, or professional organization of which the appraiser is a member be ' identified without written consent of the appraiser. 5. The legal description used in this report is assumed to be correct. 6. No survey of the property has been made by the appraiser, and no responsibility is ' assumed, and no responsibility is assumed in connection with such matters. Sketches in this report aze included only to assist the reader in visualizing the property. ' 7. No responsibility is assumed for matters of a legal nature effecting title to the property, nor is an opinion of title rendered. The title is assumed to be good and mazketable. ' 8. Information furnished by others is assumed to be true, correct, and reliable. A reasonable effort has been made to verify such information; however, no responsibility ' for its accuracy is assumed by the appraiser. ' 25 ' Part 3. continued ' 9. All mortgages, liens, encumbrances, leases, and servitudes have been disregazded, ' unless so specified, within the report. The property is appraised as though under responsible ownership and competent management ' 10. It is assumed that there aze no hidden or unappazent conditions of the property, subsoil, or structures, which would render it more or less valuable. No responsibility is assumed for such conditions or for engineering which may be required to discover such t factors. 11. It is assumed that there is full compliance with all applicable regulations and laws, ' unless non-compliance is stated, defined, and considered in this appraisal report. ' 12. It is assumed that all applicable zoning and use regulations and restrictions have been complied with, unless anon-conformity has been stated, defined and considered in the appraisal report. ' 13. It is assumed that all required licenses, consents, or other legislative or administrative authority from any local, state or national governmental or private entity ' or organization have been, or can be obtained or renewed for any use on which the value estimate contained in this report is based. ' 14. It is assumed that the utilization of the land and improvements is within the boundaries or property lines of the property described, and that there is no encroachment or trespass unless noted within the report. ' Rnvironm n al Disclaim r ' The value estimated in this report is based on the assumption that the property is not negatively affected by the existence of hazardous substances or detrimental ' environmental conditions. The appraiser is not an expert in the identification of hazazdous substances or detrimental environmental conditions. The appraiser's routine inspection of and inquiries about the subject property did not develop any information ' that indicated any appazent significant hazardous substances or detrimental environmental conditions which would affect the property negatively. It is possible that tests and inspections made by a qualified hazardous substance and environmental expert would ' reveal the existence of hazardous materials and environmental conditions on or azound the property that would negatively affect its value. t ' 26 Subject V: ~~1 ~ r y xix IN~ ~<'~1J1E -t .i - ~ ~r ~ . akieSs3:=~~~,; i~ lsr;t F ~ s ' -i -:.~d ~a ,'~~Lo `~Y~' ,a. ~ ~ , . r~ ph~.~~'~; t ' I i~ Subject ~ ` k I ' r-~ ~ ~ Y. . _1aL-~y/3_`~ ~~~:k + _ Street _ T: ` r. ~ _ ~R'71Yt ••E_~ 27 37 38 39 1j Duck Pond Pt 1 , W S 0 U D ~ ~o lP 1 G 4 p Bp O W < Cf r ~ S 4~V~ „ OREGON _ N ?r ~ 9( ~.w 1193 ` p~ CUT ROGUE _1 r 5 0. 64 's. ~ N GEC o f L 1 EAST TTITUGK `~4 <ry ~ N ~ l c\, ~ .y currwobuc ~ M rv ~ ~ / Jr i~c PS.~ ~L< ~J t y w p CUx C'H O E 9mo ' "O A ~0 9 pp 5 //~~P .M ~f• n~ e`aM C FP v~ P9 E ~s " i" ~,eo•"° o ~ vc. sb iEr N • ° i ea .Jqi o ~ I 4~4 s r~5.` ~ 25 w~~o O `vvtV~//°" . J dI < h~-,. o t ceonxs no tr ay ~L~ MP`M z°~bit a ` ~ 60 PC(U6' < ~f.. 1~ << a ~y 3 e iv 8~ + [!.a m ~o e [ ~ ~ ~ ~Wea < u ~V N a NOR ~ FO K ~ 6 i ¢ of ~ e ~ e'~FC .I v g a y COUNTRY w+c"~ y~ 1Y M = o lUI ~ O S~ O N/ P} I1p h KR4U50.03 Z / J' C4 ~I' ~ ~k a yp`~E' ¢ u MATTITUCH 1 < w ° W ccue est 1 .u f av 'S' to ¢ P~ x _ r ?e~vu o. AIRPORT "0+w \ / z : nq y i ~ y N j ~ GnIEP4 ~ _ p ~ < f ' ~f W~ CMI e~9Y ~ ~ Q~d LQVE+ ~ • 0~~~ C~ MarratookaPt ~ »o; Y.C. row,v XZ/ROQPf.r ~"°cFS by "nq~ OO~176 ,quw i ~ U U' " NEW SUFFOLK 28 ' G R E A T P E C O N I C ~ NOR Ty RACE e v oowxs crr~x Tal _ _ ~I I/ ll • Farmland Devolopment Rights Sold m SuRolk County Farm Program f N i- _ \ - - - 51.00 ± acres a T,?WV ~F S~U TH~LD Pecouic Lnnd Tres. tii ~ ' r R PL - FuRT ru?a (L1LG c,.c ~ __i.= n,..r goer T ~ ~ Y` ~ I .Y V w J' ~ p• O ~ ' ~a ~ ear _ ~I~•". a k J a _ r 1 • a d . ~ ~ _z- . w... / mo ~ .0' a ; ~ , , ~l. 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ - ,o... .a., ~ a ~J r r N~ ~I L - s ewe m w, 0 ,W - f019 ' ' ~ a ~~y .a ss. n v 4 ~s~. ~ . 30 . , Eas~ / 4v Stirling~~ ~ Ikc~..poR~. ~ ~ Ar~,hamonaque i A halter I_slan i ~ ~ ~ ~ AMY/~ ~Beixedon Estates Shelt Southold S ~ lter Isl ~ ~ ; estmorel~ d~ Montclair S ~Reydon Shores Silver Beach Comp Y ° / Laughing Waters ~1 ~ v / O L ~ ` Com East Cutchogue A-`~~ p4 Cutchog(u Station j Comp 3 ~ ~ ~ o assau Farms i Cutchogue... i'-1~~`~ 2 1 G~~~ ~ ~ Morton National Wildlife Rafug~ ~ o ine N N y ~ attituck New Suffolk M o~ `c .L'uce Landing lZlorthville Laurel / ~ ~ ~ one Grove emesport~ as ~ - - N'~__~' ors-~.r e~«~o.,,~ nom. I ~ ~ ~ ` 0 0~" th Jameaport ~ ~ ~ h- ~,.f ~ North Sea I~l~. ~ ~ ' w~ Ha <.i1 ~1 1~3~a ~ ~ ~ ~ _ Hampton Park EGEND Scale 1:125,000 (at center) State Route oState Route ' 2Miles Mag12.00 Town, Small City Lond Mass Mon Oct 2718:58:011997 0 p Park i Open Wotcr 2 KM ~ l County Boundary Population Center Major Streel~Road 31 ' CERTIFI('ATION BY TH . APPRAIS R ' I hereby certify that I have personally inspected the property that is the subject of this appraisal report. ' That to the best of my knowledge and belief the statements contained in the appraisal herein set forth are true and the information upon which the opinions ' expressed therein are based is correct; subject to the limiting conditions therein set forth. ' The reported analyses, opinions, and conclusions are limited only to the reported assumptions and limiting conditions and are my personal, unbiased professional analyses, opinions and conclusions. I have no present or prospective interest in the property that is the subject of this appraisal report, and I have no personal interest or bias with respect to the parties ' involved. My compensation is not contingent on an action or event resulting from the ' analyses, opinions, or conclusions, in, or the use of, this report. ' My analyses, opinions, and conclusions were developed, and this report has been prepared in accordance with the standards and reporting requirements of the Federal Home Loan Board. ' As of the date of this report, Andrew D. Stype SRA, has completed the requirements of the continuing education program of the Appraisal Institute. 1 ' 32 S~LTAi.IFICATIONS OF THF. APPRAISRR I, Andrew D. Stype SRA, age 46, certify that I have been in the appraisal business for fair market value since 1971. ' Since that time I have completed over 1,500 real estate appraisals for residential properties, fazm properties, lots and business properties. I am currently the president of Stype Brothers Real Estate, Inc. and I have been in this position since 1983. ' The business was purchased from my father, Val W. Stype, who had started the ' real estate and appraisal business back in 1964. I have personally engaged in the purchase and sale of real estate on the east end ' of Long Island for investment. This experience has helped me to determine market value. Currently, Stype Brothers Real Estate, Inc. is an active sales office involved in the sale of all types of residential properties, farm properties, vacant land and ' commercial property. We maintain afull-time sales office, and in addition offer consultation and ' management services. ' Currently our office covers Calverton to Orient for sales and the towns of Southold, Riverhead, Brookhaven, Southampton, East Hampton and Shelter Island for appraisals. 1 1 ' 33 1 ' S~iTA .IFI ATION4 -continued New York State Licenses, Designations, Memberships t - New York State Certified Real Estate General Appraiser ' since 2/6/95. Identification k 46000022831. - New York State Certified Residential Real Estate Appraiser ' since 12/2/91. License N 0691. - Member of the Appraisal Institute ' SRA designation since 3/91 ' -Member Columbia Society of Real Estate Appraisers - Member of the New York State Association of Real Estate ' Appraisers - Member of the Suffolk County Board of Realtors -Member of the Eastern Suffolk Board of Realtors ' -Designated Approved Appraiser by Suffolk County Real Estate Department -Licensed Real Estate Broker 1980 -Licensed Insurance Broker 1972 - Licensed Real Estate Salesperson 1971 -Past Board of Director Eastern Suffolk Board of Realtors -Past Board of Director Suffolk Co. Board of Realtors - Designated Approved Appraiser Town of Southold ' 34 ~ • • ' S~iTAi.iFIC'ATIONS -continued -Education ' -Successfully completed course 420 Standazd of Professional Practice Part B on 5/18/96 ' -Successfully completed course 410 Standard of Professional Practice Part A on 5/11/96 ' -Successfully completed G-1 Introduction to Income Property Appraising 6/4/94 ' -Successfully completed G-2 Principles to Income Appraising 6/11/94 ' -Successfully completed G-3 Applied Income Property Valuation 6/18/94 t -Attended New URAR Appraisal Report Seminar - 10 hours 12/21/93 ' -Completed seminaz income approach sponsored by Appraisal Institute 1992 ' -Successfully completed N.Y.S. residential real estate appraiser certification requirements December 1991 -Successfully completed SPP professional practice course November 1990 ' -Successfully completed Society of Real Estate Appraisers ' SRA course 102 October 1988 - Successfully completed Society of Real Estate Appraisers ' SRA course 101 February 1988 - Completed seminaz in real estate sales sponsored by N.Y.S. ' Assoc. of Realtors 1985 - Completed seminar real estate management sponsored by ' Eastern Suffolk Boazd of Realtors 1983 - Successfully completed Part I Appraising Real Estate at ' Southampton College 1981 - Successfully completed Part II Appraising Real Estate at ' Southampton College 1982 t 35 ' S~ A .iFI ATIONS -continued - Successfully completed Continuing Education Course in ' accordance with NYS license laws 1981 -Successfully completed Real Estate License Law Course ' 1979 - Graduated Burdett Business College - Degree in Accounting ' 1971 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' 36 I~LTAT.TFTC ATIONS -continued Consultation and Appraisal Work ' -Township of Southold ' -Township of Riverhead - Richard A. Winters Associates ' -New York Telephone ' -Suffolk Co. Water Authority ' -The North Fork Bank & Trust Co. - Southold Savings Bank t -Suffolk Co. National Bank - EAB - Long Island Savings Bank -Household Finance Corp. ' -Lenders Service, Inc. ' -Suffolk Co. Dept. of Real Estate - Relocation Services ' -Residential Mortgage Bank, Inc. - Biltmore Mortgage Corp. - Wickham, Wickham & Bressler -Attorneys - Scheinberg, Scheps, DePetris and DePetris -Attorneys ' - Raffe & Corrigan -Attorneys - Caminiti & Gibbons -Attorneys -Village of Greenport ' 37 ' APPRAISAL WORK -continued - Bridgehampton National Bank t - Centerbank Mortgage Bank ' -Nature Conservancy 1 1 1 t 38 f f r ~ Af8 1 LONG ISLAND OUR STORY ~ .e f r f ~ ~ ? r °~~~`f s f ~ ~ 1',, F i~ .r a r ~ ' ~ • 7 t l'te i ~ " o""F and-` a~„ t, "~1 f ? / 1 bb ?t ,art - . ~y`+ ~ . s ' r ~ J ~ ~p i~~p „ I - ~ '~?:X;"`J4 f a~w P~ ~ ~r i~F%i V~`l,~~i r ~ Y!t r,+. ~ s.,•&&.. #tr,+~` , r _ - ~'~t , k+ S ~L a ten'.. , . i`ir u__ r ~ Y} ''~-T'~~ ~"~i ~ ~•y`~ k l wit ; M ` t `p. ~ S w L . it ~ - ~S~t~hY. ~3q'~'+ /~~i l+'(' --~,iw ~ ~;:'''~Sr; g 4~. '.N A ' k 9 ~ r ~ ~ i ~ `f'iR~ r~ ~ ~tif ' ~Y~"r" _ s + ~a! ~ r r ~l ~ '''t .r - . ~r~.-"~ ~ ~ Newsday Yhotosi Bitl Davis Above, the remains of Fort Corchaug sii near the tree line along a salt creek in ~ f Cutchogue. At left, a sketch by New Suffolk artist Teresa Shaw depicts the fort as I llluatration by Tereaa Shaw a palisaded quadrangle with nearby wigwams and dugout canoes. f I ~ A~cealos~s .cape a busied fort W~i~ repeal ne~v secre~~ c~~ I~~d~an ~~~~ilizal~n r • e romise o or c au B Y STEVE WICK early 1800s, and when I talked to the knew held potential as an archeological shells. During a summer of digging, So- sTn>~ waiTE$ family they said stories about the fort site. But it was the flat land where the lecki found Dutch trade goods on the had been passed down through the gen- fort once sat that intrigued him. site, which, he said, suggested that the eep in the woods alongside orations. It's clear now that the site was In the stillness alongside the creek, fort. may have been connected to a vast a salt creek on the North abandoned after the English came to the Solecki could vividly imagine the dis- trading system that channeled wam- Fork, history is buried area. The logs would have fallen down tant past -the four walls of the fort pum from the Peconic Bay to the Dutch under a carpet of top soil and rotted away. Luckily, the family had built as a refuge for the Indians, the in New Amsterdam. Near the ancient and decayed leaves. cattle on the site, which had probably salt creek on one side, farm fields on Indian well, Solecki found arrowheads ~ The history alongside a creek in Cut- never been plowed. It was a miracle it the other side. "It seemed incredible to more than 1,000 years old. y chogue is unlike anything that exists in had not been destroyed by farming prat- me on that day, and it still holds true Today, the site and 105 acres around f the Northeast. It is more than 350 tices." today, that this site was untrampled." it - an area called Fort Neck in old r years old, and is mostly untrampled. Standingbythecreekthatday, Solecki Solecki came back in the late 1940s to Southold Town records -will be pre- There were others like it at one time on could make out a low, rounded berm that write his master's thesis on the site. served under an accord signed last July. other creeks and woodsy hills nearby, rotruded from the but they are all gone now. P ground and ran per- What he found then, he said, convinced According to a plan submitted in June, What once sat in these verdant woods pendicular to the creek. The berm, he him that the fort was built with the help the Peconic Land Trust, a nonprofit con- was alog fort built by the Indians who thought, probably anchored one wall of of Europeans as a defense against attack servation group, bought the site from lived on the North Fork at the time of the fort. Just south of the fort was the from Indians from New England, who William Baxter of Stamford, Conn., for contact with English colonists who ar- remains of an ancient well, which he traveled to eastern LongIsland to collect $1.2 million. A Georgia businessman, rived in the late 1630s. When they poked Russell McCall, agreed to buy back part into the woods alongside the creek, the • , , s ~ , , of the tract from the Land Trust for En lish found afortmade oflo s rou h- ~ ' - _ " ~ ~ ; ` $800,000. Plans for the fort site include g g~, g ~ ~ . f~' . ly rectangular in shape, and enclosing t ~ 1¢, ~"f I ! an interpretive center, and a study cen- anarea of less than three acres. All ~ ~ tr ~ ~ J ~ ter for archeologists and students. around it were the corn and bean fields ¢ § ~ ~ ~ When the site is acquired, archeolo- ~ ' r ~ ~ ~ w` ~ ~ ' ~ ` ~ y_ ~ gists have said they would like to begin that fed the Indians. t , ~ ~ x ~ ; rr ~ Toda 3'/a centuries later the se- ~l ~ ~ ' ~ serious work. They have excavated little Y> ,r ~ ' t t ~ s ~ trots of Fart Corchaug, as the site is ~ ~ ~ t x ~ ~ x ~ ; t~ more than 10 percent of the 105-acre - called, are hidden away underground. ~ ~ ~ F ~ ` ~y~.: ' ` ~ ~ r, : ! ' ` tract. There may be a burial ground and "It is the rarest of rare," said Ralph ~ , ~ P b ~ y ~ { , y, the site of an ancient village in the woods Solecki, a Texas-based archeologist who w*- ~ ~ ? and fields alongside Downs Creek. But grew up aquarter-mile from the site in a u ~ z'`~ ` ~ ~c, ~,7 x a ~ A ~ ~ just as it is, the historical importance of .the fort is clear. house in Cutcho e. "There is nothin ~ else like it anywhere in the region be- K~.'~, ~ ~ Pr ~ ~ ~~a: `There weren't that many forts along cause the other 17th-Century Indian ~ ~ v" ' ~ _p the eastern seaboard that can be docu- t w r' `ts ~ ~ mented as havin been built b Native forts have been lost. It is a wonder." ~ t s~ _ - g Y As a child, Solecki began finding :~'a`~ ~ k Americans in the Seventeenth Cen- - arrowheads in farm fields around hip ~ ~ ' ~ tury," said Lorraine Williams, curator ~ house. As a teenager, he read an article ~ ~ p ` of archeology at the New Jersey State ~ m that said a log fort had been built by the ~ ~e^^~' ~ ~ LL~~~ ~ Museum in Trenton. She excavated part o x ~ of the site in the 1960s. ~ Indians in the late 1630s alongside a ;~"r t % ~ x ~ d: s a x r " ~ Work at the site could fill in missin o Cutchogue creek, was later abandoned ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t~ ,,bz. ~ g } and lost to time. In the summer of 1935, ' " , a ~ ~ R ~ chapters in Long Island's extraordinary ~ o Solecki went looking on a nearby creek, x ~ ~ ~ ~ " ~ Indian history. ~ but found nothin romisin Then an ~ + A•"~-~°~ ~ "To me, it's not a matter of arrow- gP g• r;. ~ a amateur archeologist told him to look on " r ~ } - _ ~ ~;m_ ~ heads," said Elizabeth Hale, amember - ~ the west side of Downs Creek. ~ _ ` ! ~ ! of the Shinnecock community in South- 3 "The site.. was right where he said it ~ r' .}'°f r E'. ~ ~ ~ ! ampton. "It's a matter of a social system w ~ ~ ¢ a" ? -that survived for thousands.of.years be- z was,' Solecki said. `The farm it had ~ ~ ~ i fore eo le came and discovered us." orice~ sat on was then owried by the History professor John Stro , an expert on Indians of long island, at the i;orcP~aug site; he is .P P Downs family. They'd had it since the among those interested in at will be found when archeologists dig at the 105-acre tract. Sunday: European Explorers Arrive • i _ _